Assessment of the validity of in vivo methods of measuring human macular pigment optical density

Optometry and Vision Science

Volumn 82, Issue 5, 2005, Pages 387-404

  Hammond Jr , Billy R ^a,c   Wooten, Billy R ^b   Smollon, Bill ^b  

^a UNIVERSITY OF GEORGIA   (United States)

^b BROWN UNIVERSITY   (United States)

^c NONE   (United States)

Author keywords

Age related macular degeneration; Carotenoids; Heterochromatic flicker photometry (HFP); Macular pigment; Raman spectroscopy; Validity

Indexed keywords

COMPUTATIONAL METHODS; CURVE FITTING; DENSITY (OPTICAL); LIGHT ABSORPTION; NONINVASIVE MEDICAL PROCEDURES; OPTOMETERS; PIGMENTS; SPECTRUM ANALYSIS;

CAROTENOIDS; IN VIVO METHODS; LUTEIN; MACULAR PIGMENT (MP);

VISION;

CAROTENOID; VISUAL PIGMENT; XANTHOPHYLL; ZEAXANTHIN;

ARTICLE; HUMAN; INTERMETHOD COMPARISON; MEASUREMENT; OPTICAL DENSITY; PRIORITY JOURNAL; RETINA MACULA LUTEA; VALIDATION PROCESS;

ADULT; AGED; AGED, 80 AND OVER; BETA CAROTENE; HUMANS; LUTEIN; MACULA LUTEA; MIDDLE AGED; OPTOMETRY; REPRODUCIBILITY OF RESULTS; RETINAL PIGMENTS; XANTHOPHYLLS;

EID: 18644371977     PISSN: 10405488     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1097/01.OPX.0000162652.85875.D2     Document Type: Article

References (79)

1. Bone RA, Landrum JT, Tarsis SL. Preliminary identification of the human macular pigment. Vision Res 1985;25:1531-5.
2. Handelman GJ, Snodderly DM, Krinsky NI, et al. Biological control of primate macular pigment. Biochemical and densitometric studies. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 1991;32:257-67.
3. Sujak A, Gabrielska J, Grudzinski W, et al. Lutein and zeaxanthin as protectors of lipid membranes against oxidative damage: the structural aspects. Arch Biochem Biophys 1999;371:301-7.
4. Junghans A, Sies H, Stahl W. Macular pigments lutein and zeaxanthin as blue light filters studied in liposomes. Arch Biochem Biophys 2001;391:160-4.
5. Mortensen A, Skibsted LH, Sampson J, et al. Comparative mechanisms and rates of free radical scavenging by carotenoid antioxidants. FEBS Lett 1997;418:91-7.
6. Bone RA, Landrum JT, Cains A. Optical density spectra of the macular pigment in vivo and in vitro. Vision Res 1992;32:105-10.
7. Snodderly DM, Brown PK, Delori FC, et al. The macular pigment. I. Absorbance spectra, localization, and discrimination from other yellow pigments in primate retinas. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 1984;25:660-73.
8. Delori FC, Goger DG, Hammond BR, et al. Macular pigment density measured by autofluorescence spectrometry: comparison with reflectometry and heterochromatic flicker photometry. J Opt Soc Am (A) 2001;18:1212-30.
9. Nerger JL, Cicerone CM. The ratio of L cones to M cones in the human parafoveal retina. Vision Res 1992;32:879-88.
10. Polyak SL. The Retina: The Anatomy and the Histology of the Retina in Man, Ape, and Monkey, Including the Consideration of Visual Functions, the History of Physiological Optics, and the Histological Laboratory Technique. Chicago: The University of Chicago Press; 1941.
11. Bowmaker JK, Dartnall HJ. Visual pigments of rods and cones in a human retina. J Physiol 1980;298:501-11.
12. Smollon WE, Wooten BR. The role of photopigment self-screening in the estimate of macular pigment optical density using heterochromatic flicker photometry. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2002;43:E-abstract 2952.
13. Wald G. Human vision and the spectrum. Science 1945;101:653-8.
14. Brown PK, Wald G. Visual pigments in human and monkey retinas. Nature 1963;200:37-43.
15. Stiles WS. Further studies of visual mechanisms by the two-colour threshold technique. Coloquio Prob Opt Vis 1953;1:65-103.
16. Pease PL, Adams AJ. Macular pigment difference spectrum from sensitivity measures of a single cone mechanism. Am J Optom Physiol Opt 1983;60:667-72.
17. Pease PL, Adams AJ, Nuccio E. Optical density of human macular pigment. Vision Res 1987;27:705-10.
18. Stabell U, Stabell B. Variation in density of macular pigmentation and in short-wave cone sensitivity with eccentricity. J Opt Soc Am 1980;70:706-11.
19. Wright WD. Researches on Normal and Defective Color Vision. St. Louis: CV Mosby; 1947.
20. Ruddock KH. The effect of age upon colour vision. II. Changes with age in light transmission of the ocular media. Vision Res 1965;5:47-58.
21. Moreland JD, Bhatt P. Retinal distribution of macular pigment. Doc Ophthalmol Proc Ser 1984;39:127-32.
22. Wooten BR. Absorbance and distribution of the macular pigment. Abstract presented at the 4th European Conference on Visual Perception (4th ECVP); Gouvieux, France; September 8-11, 1981.
23. Davies NP, Morland AB. Color matching in diabetes: optical density of the crystalline lens and macular pigments. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2002;43:281-9.
24. Vienot F. Retinal distributions of the macular pigment and the cone effective optical density from colour matches of real observers. Color Res Appl 2001;26:S264-8.
25. Trezona PW. Rod participation in the 'blue' mechanism and its effect on colour matching. Vision Res 1970;10:317-32.
26. DeVries HL, Spoor A, Jielof R. Properties of the eye with respect to polarized light. Physica 1953;19:419-32.
27. Bone RA. The role of the macular pigment in the detection of polarized light. Vision Res 1980;20:213-20.
28. Werner JS. Development of scotopic sensitivity and the absorption spectrum of the human ocular media. J Opt Soc Am 1982;72:247-58.
29. Werner JS, Donnelly SK, Kliegl R. Aging and human macular pigment density. Appended with translations from the work of Max Schultze and Ewald Hering. Vision Res 1987;27:257-68.
30. Boynton RM. Human Color Vision. New York: Holt, Rinehart and Winston; 1979.
31. Werner JS, Bieber ML, Schefrin BE. Senescence of foveal and parafoveal cone sensitivities and their relations to macular pigment density. J Opt Soc Am (A) 2000;17:1918-32.
32. Ives HE. Studies in the photometry of lights of different colours. I. Spectral luminosity curves obtained by the equality of brightness photometer and flicker photometer under similar conditions. Philosophical Magazine Series 1912;24:149-88.
33. Eisner A, Macleod DI. Flicker photometric study of chromatic adaption: selective suppression of cone inputs by colored backgrounds. J Opt Soc Am 1981;71:705-17.
34. Pokorny J, Jin Q, Smith VC. Spectral-luminosity functions, scalar linearity, and chromatic adaptation. J Opt Soc Am (A). 1993;10:1304-13.
35. Stockman A, MacLeod DI, Vivien JA. Isolation of the middle- and long-wavelength-sensitive cones in normal trichromats. J Opt Soc Am (A) 1993;10:2471-90.
36. Beatty S, Koh HH, Carden D, et al. Macular pigment optical density measurement: a novel compact instrument. Ophthal Physiol Opt 2000;20:105-11.
37. Bone RA, Sparrock JM. Comparison of macular pigment densities in human eyes. Vision Res 1971;11:1057-64.
38. Moreland JD, Robson AG, Soto-Leon N, et al. Macular pigment and the colour-specificity of visual evoked potentials. Vision Res 1998;38:3241-5.
39. Moreland JD, Robson AG, Kulikowski JJ. Macular pigment assessment using a colour monitor. Color Res Appl 2001;26:S261-3.
40. Robson AG, Moreland JD, Pauleikhoff D, et al. Macular pigment density and distribution: comparison of fundus autofluorescence with minimum motion photometry. Vision Res 2003;43:1765-75.
41. Hammond BR Jr, Caruso-Avery M. Macular pigment optical density in a Southwestern sample. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2000;41:1492-7.
42. Ciulla TA, Curran-Celantano J, Cooper DA, et al. et al. Macular pigment optical density in a midwestern sample. Ophthalmology 2001;108:730-7.
43. Curran-Celentano J, Hammond BR Jr, Ciulla TA, et al. Relation between dietary intake, serum concentrations, and retinal concentrations of lutein and zeaxanthin in adults in a Midwest population. Am J Clin Nutr 2001;74:796-802.
44. Wooten BR, Hammond BR Jr, Land RI, et al. A practical method for measuring macular pigment optical density. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 1999;40:2481-9.
45. Delori FC, Staurenghi G, Goger DG, et al. Macular pigment density measured by reflectometry and fluorophotometry. In: Ophthalmic & Visual Optics/Noninvasive Assessment of the Visual System, 1993. Technical Digest Series, vol 3. Washington, DC: Optical Society of America; 1993:240-3.
46. Berendschot TT, van Norren D. Objective determination of the macular pigment optical density using fundus reflectance spectroscopy. Arch Biochem Biophys 2004;430:149-55.
47. Trieschmann M, Spital G, Lommatzsch A, et al. Macular pigment: quantitative analysis on autofluorescence images. Graefes Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol 2003;241:1006-12.
48. Hammond BR Jr, Ciulla TA, Snodderly DM. Macular pigment density is reduced in obese subjects. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2002;43:47-50.
49. Wustemeyer H, Moessner A, Jahn C, et al. Macular pigment density in healthy subjects quantified with a modified confocal scanning laser ophthalmoscope. Graefes Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol 2003;241:647-51.
50. Hammond BR Jr, Wooten BR, Snodderly DM. Individual variations in the spatial profile of human macular pigment. J Opt Soc Am (A) 1997;14:1187-96.
51. Ciulla TA, Hammond BR Jr, Yung CW, et al. Macular pigment optical density before and after cataract extraction. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2001;42:1338-41.
52. Richer SP, Stiles W, Statkute L, et al. The Lutein Antioxidant Supplementation Trial. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sic 2002;43:E-abstract 2542.
53. Aleman TS, Duncan JL, Bieber ML, et al. Macular pigment and lutein supplementation in retinitis pigmentosa and Usher syndrome. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2001;42:1873-81.
54. Duncan JL, Aleman TS, Gardner LM, et al. Macular pigment and lutein supplementation in choroideremia. Exp Eye Res 2002;74:371-81.
55. Snodderly DM, Mares JA, Wooten BR, et al. Macular pigment measurement by heterochromatic flicker photometry in older subjects: the carotenoids and age-related eye disease study. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2004;45:531-8.
56. Werner JS. Visual problems of the retina during ageing: compensation mechanisms and colour constancy across the life span. Prog Ret Eye Res 1996;15:621-45.
57. Chang Y, Lee FL, Chen SJ, et al. Optical measurement of human retinal macular pigment and its spatial distribution with age. Med Phys 2002;29:2621-8.
58. Bernstein PS, Yoshida MD, Katz NB, et al. Raman detection of macular carotenoid pigments in intact human retina. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 1998;39:2003-11.
59. Ermakov IV, McClane RW, Gellerman W, et al. Resonant Raman detection of macular pigment levels in the living human retina. Opt Lett 2001;26:202-4.
60. Gellermann W, Ermakov IV, Ermakova MR, et al. In vivo resonant Raman measurement of macular carotenoid pigments in the young and the aging human retina. J Opt Soc Am (A) 2002;19:1172-86.
61. Bernstein PS, Zhao DY, Wintch SW, et al. Resonance Raman measurement of macular carotenoids in normal subjects and in age-related macular degeneration patients. Ophthalmology 2002;109:1780-7.
62. Zhao DY, Wintch SW, Ermakov IV, et al. Resonance Raman measurement of macular carotenoids in retinal, choroidal, and macular dystrophies. Arch Ophthalmol 2003;121:967-72.
63. Wooten BR, Hammond BR. Assessment of the Raman method of measuring human macular pigment [Letter]. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci [serial online]. Available at: http://www.iovs.org/cgi/eletters?lookup=by_date&days=9999#73. Accessed December 30, 2003.
64. Wooten BR, Hammond BR, Assessment of the Raman method of measuring human macular pigment [Letter]. II. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci [serial online]. Available at: http://www.iovs.org/cgi/eletters?lookup=by_date&days=9999#73. Accessed December 8, 2003.
65. Bernstein PS, Gellermann W. Author response: assessment of the Raman method of measuring human macular pigment [Letter]. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci [serial online]. Available at: http://www.iovs.org/cgi/elettersilookup= by_date&days=9999#74. Accessed December 30, 2003.
66. Bernstein PS, Gellermann W. Author response: assessment of the Raman method of measuring human macular pigment [Letter]. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci [serial online]. Available at: http://www.iovs.org/cgi/eletters?lookup= by_date&days=9999#74. Accessed December 30, 2003.
67. Bone RA, Landrum JT, Fernandez L, et al. Analysis of the macular pigment by HPLC: retinal distribution and age study. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 1988;29:843-9.
68. Hammond BR Jr, Nanez JE, Fair C, et al. Iris color and age-related changes in lens optical density. Ophthal Physiol Opt 2000;20:381-6.
69. Pokorny J, Smith VC, Lutze M. Aging of the human lens. Appl Opt 1987;26:1437-40.
70. Wyszecki G, Stiles WS. Color Science: Concepts and Methods, Quantitative Data and Formulae, 2nd ed. New York: Wiley; 1982.
71. Liang J, Westheimer G. Optical performances of human eyes derived from double-pass measurements. J Opt Soc Am (A) 1995;12:1411-6.
72. Westheimer G, Liang J. Influence of ocular light scatter on the eye's optical performance. J Opt Soc Am (A) 1995;12:1417-24.
73. Westheimer G, Liang J. Evaluating diffusion of light in the eye by objective means. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 1994;35:2652-7.
74. Vos JJ, Walraven J, van Meeteren A. Light profiles of the foveal image of a point source. Vision Res 1976;16:215-9.
75. Anderson RS, Hogg RE, Zlatkova MB, et al. Investigation of simulated lens yellowing, opacification, and refractive error on resonance Raman spectroscopy. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2004;45:E-abstract 2509.
76. Navarro R, Ferro M, Artal P, et al. Modulation transfer functions of eyes implanted with intraocular lenses. Appl Optics 1993;32:6359-67.
77. Artal P, Ferro M, Miranda I, et al. Effects of aging in retinal image quality. J Opt Soc Am (A) 1993;10:1656-62.
78. Witmer FK, van den Brom HJ, Kooijman AC, et al. Intra-ocular light scatter in pseudophakia. Doc Ophthalmol 1989;72:335-40.
79. Hollick EJ, Spalton DJ, Ursell PG, et al. Posterior capsular opacification with hydrogel, polymethylmethacrylate, and silicone intraocular lenses: two-year results of a randomized prospective trial. Am J Ophthalmol 2000;129:577-84.