Impact of explained v. unexplained front-of-package nutrition labels on parent and child food choices: A randomized trial

Public Health Nutrition

Volumn 20, Issue 5, 2017, Pages 774-785

  Graham, Dan J ^a,b   Lucas Thompson, Rachel G ^a   Mueller, Megan P ^b,c   Jaeb, Melanie ^b   Harnack, Lisa ^b  

^a Veterinary Dentistry and Oral Surgery   (United States)

^b UNIVERSITY OF MINNESOTA   (United States)

^c TUFTS UNIVERSITY   (United States)

Author keywords

Facts up Front; Front of package labelling; Multiple Traffic Light; Nutrition Keys; Nutrition labelling

Indexed keywords

ADULT; ATTITUDE TO HEALTH; CHILD; CONSUMER ATTITUDE; CONTROLLED STUDY; DECISION MAKING; FEMALE; FOOD PACKAGING; FOOD PREFERENCE; HEALTH BEHAVIOR; HEALTHY DIET; HUMAN; MALE; MIDDLE AGED; NUTRITIONAL VALUE; PARENT; RANDOMIZED CONTROLLED TRIAL; SOCIOECONOMICS;

ADULT; CHILD; CHOICE BEHAVIOR; CONSUMER BEHAVIOR; FEMALE; FOOD LABELING; FOOD PREFERENCES; HEALTH BEHAVIOR; HEALTH KNOWLEDGE, ATTITUDES, PRACTICE; HEALTHY DIET; HUMANS; MALE; MIDDLE AGED; NUTRITIVE VALUE; PARENTS; SOCIOECONOMIC FACTORS;

EID: 84991245749     PISSN: 13689800     EISSN: 14752727     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1017/S1368980016002676     Document Type: Article

References (49)

1. Dietary Guidelines Advisory Committee (2010) Report of the Dietary Guidelines Advisory Committee on the Dietary Guidelines for Americans, 2010, to the Secretary of Agriculture and the Secretary of Health and Human Services. Beltsville, MD: US Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service.
2. World Health Organization (2015) Healthy Diet, Fact Sheet No. 394. http://www.who.int/mediacentre/factsheets/fs394/ en/ (accessed September 2016).
3. Olshansky SJ, Passaro DJ, Hershow RC et al. (2005) A potential decline in life expectancy in the United States in the 21st century. New Eng J Med 352, 1138-1145.
4. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (2013) Overweight and Obesity. http://www.cdc.gov/obesity/ data/childhood.html, (accessed August 2016).
5. Wang Y, Beydoun MA, Liang L et al. (2008) Will all Americans become overweight or obese? Estimating the progression and cost of the US obesity epidemic. Obesity (Silver Spring) 16, 2323-2330.
6. US Government, 101st Congress (1990) Nutrition Labeling Education Act of 1990. Public Law 101-535. https://www. congress.gov/bill/101st-congress/house-bill/3562 (accessed September 2016).
7. US Food and Drug Administration (2014) Proposed Changes to the Nutrition Facts Label. http://www.fda.gov/Food/ GuidanceRegulation/GuidanceDocumentsRegulatoryInforma tion/LabelingNutrition/ucm385663.htm (accessed February 2016).
8. European Food Information Council (2015) Global Update on Nutrition Labelling: Executive Summary. http://www. eufic.org/upl/1/default/doc/GlobalUpdateExecSumJan2015. pdf (accessed September 2016).
9. Graham DJ & Jeffery RW (2011) Location, location, location: eye-tracking evidence that consumers preferentially view prominently positioned nutrition information. J Am Diet Assoc 111, 1704-1711.
10. Graham DJ, Heidrick C & Hodgin K (2015) Nutrition label viewing during a food-selection task: front-of-package labels vs nutrition facts labels. J Acad Nutr Diet 115, 1636-1646.
11. Campos S, Doxey J & Hammond D (2011) Nutrition labels on pre-packaged foods: a systematic review. Public Health Nutr 14, 1496-1506.
12. Rothman RL, Housam R, Weiss H et al. (2006) Patient understanding of food labels: the role of literacy and numeracy. Am J Prev Med 31, 391-398.
13. Sinclair S, Hammond D & Goodman S (2013) Sociodemographic differences in the comprehension of nutritional labels on food products. J Nutr Educ Behav 45, 767-772.
14. Cowburn G & Stockley L (2005) Consumer understanding and use of nutrition labelling: a systematic review. Public Health Nutr 8, 21-28.
15. US Food and Drug Administration (2009) Background Information on Point of Purchase Labeling. http://www.fda. gov/Food/IngredientsPackagingLabeling/LabelingNutrition/ ucm187320.htm (accessed August 2016).
16. LetsMove (2013) Eat Healthy: Nutrition information. http:// www.letsmove.gov/eat-healthy (accessed August 2016).
17. Hersey JC, Wohlgenant KC, Arsenault JE et al. (2013) Effects of front-of-package and shelf nutrition labeling systems on consumers. Nutr Rev 71, 1-14.
18. Burton S & Kees J (2012) Flies in the ointment? Addressing potential impediments to population-based health benefits of restaurant menu labeling initiatives. J Public Policy Mark 31, 232-239.
19. Andrews JC, Lin C-TJ, Levy AS et al. (2014) Consumer research needs from the food and drug administration on front-of-package nutritional labeling. J Public Policy Mark 33, 10-16.
20. Grocery Manufacturers of America & Food Marketing Institute (2011) Food and beverage industry launches Nutrition Keys front-of-pack nutrition labeling initiative to inform consumers and combat obesity. http://www. gmaonline.org/news-events/newsroom/food-and-beverage-industry-launches-nutrition-keys-front-of-pack-nutrition-/ (accessed August 2016).
21. UK Department of Health (2013) Guide to creating a front of pack (FoP) nutrition label for pre-packed products sold through retail outlets. https://www.gov.uk/government/ publications/front-of-pack-nutrition-labelling-guidance (accessed August 2016).
22. Hawley KL, Roberto CA, Bragg MA et al. (2013) The science on front-of-package food labels. Public Health Nutr 16, 430-439.
23. Balcombe K, Fraser I & Di Falco S (2010) Traffic lights and food choice: a choice experiment examining the relationship between nutritional food labels and price. Food Policy 35, 211-220.
24. Borgmeier I & Westenhoefer J (2009) Impact of different food label formats on healthiness evaluation and food choice of consumers: a randomized-controlled study. BMC Public Health 9, 184.
25. Kelly B, Hughes C, Chapman K et al. (2009) Consumer testing of the acceptability and effectiveness of front-of-pack food labelling systems for the Australian grocery market. Health Promot Int 24, 120-129.
26. Roberto CA, Bragg MA, Schwartz MB et al. (2012) Facts up front versus traffic light food labels: a randomized controlled trial. Am J Prev Med 43, 134-141.
27. Roberto CA, Larsen PD, Agnew H et al. (2010) Evaluating the impact of menu labeling on food choices and intake. Am J Public Health 100, 312-318.
28. Malam S, Clegg S, Kirwan S et al. (2009) Comprehension and Use of UK Nutrition Signpost Labelling Schemes. London: Food Standards Agency.
29. Robert Wood Johnson Foundation Healthy Eating Research Program (2011) Using New Eye-Tracking Technologies to Assess the Effects of Varied Nutrition Labels on the Selection and Purchase of Healthful Foods. http://healthyeatingresearch. org/research/using-new-eye-tracking-technologies-to-assess-the-effects-of-varied-nutrition-labels-on-the-selection-and-purchase-of-healthful-foods/ (accessed August 2016).
30. Faul F, Erdfelder E, Lang A-G et al. (2007) G∗Power 3: a flexible statistical power analysis program for the social, behavioral, and biomedical sciences. Behav Res Methods 39, 175-191.
31. Graham DJ & Jeffery RW (2012) Predictors of nutrition label viewing during food purchase decision making: an eye tracking investigation. Public Health Nutr 15, 189-196.
32. Keller SB, Landry M, Olson J et al. (1997) The effects of nutrition package claims, nutrition facts panels, and motivation to process nutrition information on consumer product evaluations. J Public Policy Mark 16, 256-269.
33. Grunert KG, Wills JM & Fernández-Celemín L (2010) Nutrition knowledge, and use and understanding of nutrition information on food labels among consumers in the UK. Appetite 55, 177-189.
34. Sonnenberg L, Gelsomin E & Levy DE (2013) A traffic light food labeling intervention increases consumer awareness of health and healthy choices at the point-of-purchase. Prev Med 57, 253-257.
35. Bialkova S & van Trijp HC (2011) An efficient methodology for assessing attention to and effect of nutrition information displayed front-of-pack. Food Qual Prefer 22, 592-601.
36. Graham DJ & Laska MN (2012) Nutrition label use partially mediates the relationship between attitude toward healthy eating and overall dietary quality among college students. J Acad Nutr Diet 112, 414-418.
37. Halford JC, Boyland EJ, Hughes GM et al. (2008) Beyond-brand effect of television food advertisements on food choice in children: the effects of weight status. Public Health Nutr 11, 897-904.
38. Mela DJ (2001) Determinants of food choice: relationships with obesity and weight control. Obes Res 9, Suppl. 4, 249S-255S.
39. O'Dougherty M, Story M & Stang J (2006) Observations of parent-child co-shoppers in supermarkets: children's involvement in food selections, parental yielding, and refusal strategies. J Nutr Educ Behav 38, 183-188.
40. Dhar R & Simonson I (2003) The effect of forced choice on choice. J Mark Res 40, 146-160.
41. Dhar R & Simonson I (1999) Making complementary choices in consumption episodes: highlighting versus balancing. J Mark Res 36, 29-44.
42. Roberto CA, Bragg MA, Seamans MJ et al. (2012) Evaluation of consumer understanding of different front-of-package nutrition labels, 2010-2011. Prev Chronic Dis 9, 120015.
43. Feunekes GI, Gortemaker IA, Willems AA et al. (2008) Front-of-pack nutrition labelling: testing effectiveness of different nutrition labelling formats front-of-pack in four European countries. Appetite 50, 57-70.
44. Newman CL, Howlett E & Burton S (2014) Shopper response to front-of-package nutrition labeling programs: potential consumer and retail store benefits. J Retail 90, 13-26.
45. Andrews JC, Burton S & Kees J (2011) Is simpler always better? Consumer evaluations of front-of-package nutrition symbols. J Public Policy Mark 30, 175-190.
46. ®. https://www.nuval. com/location (accessed August 2016).
47. Rose G (1992) The Strategy of Preventive Medicine. Oxford: University Press.
48. Rose G (2001) Sick individuals and sick populations. Int J Epidemiology 30, 427-432.
49. Wolfson JA, Graham DJ & Bleich SN (2016) Attention to physical activity-equivalent calorie information on Nutrition Facts Labels: an eye tracking investigation. J Nutr Educ Behav (In the Press).