Environmental factors, life events, and trauma in the course of bipolar disorder

Psychiatry and Clinical Neurosciences

Volumn 71, Issue 1, 2017, Pages 6-17

  Aldinger, Fanny ^a   Schulze, Thomas G ^a  

^a LUDWIG MAXIMILIANS UNIVERSITY   (Germany)

Author keywords

bipolar disorder; clinical course; environmental factors; life events; trauma

Indexed keywords

ARTICLE; ATTENTION DEFICIT DISORDER; AUTISM; BIPOLAR DISORDER; CHILDHOOD INJURY; CLIMATE CHANGE; COMPUTER AIDED DESIGN; CONDUCT DISORDER; DISEASE ASSOCIATION; DISEASE COURSE; FOLLOW UP; HUMAN; INFLUENZA B; LIFE EVENT; LIFESPAN; LONGITUDINAL STUDY; MATERNAL SMOKING; NONHUMAN; PREGNANCY; RISK FACTOR; SAMPLE SIZE; SOCIAL SUPPORT; SUICIDE ATTEMPT; SYSTEMATIC REVIEW; TOXOPLASMA GONDII; TOXOPLASMOSIS; ENVIRONMENT; PSYCHOTRAUMA;

BIPOLAR DISORDER; ENVIRONMENT; HUMANS; LIFE CHANGE EVENTS; PSYCHOLOGICAL TRAUMA;

EID: 84988649065     PISSN: 13231316     EISSN: 14401819     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1111/pcn.12433     Document Type: Article

References (108)

1. Ketter TA. Diagnostic features, prevalence, and impact of bipolar disorder. J. Clin. Psychiatry 2010; 71: e14.
2. Merikangas KR, Akiskal HS, Angst J et al. Lifetime and 12-month prevalence of bipolar spectrum disorder in the National Comorbidity Survey replication. Arch. Gen. Psychiatry 2007; 64: 543–552.
3. Bauer M, Pfennig A. Epidemiology of bipolar disorders. Epilepsia 2005; 46 (Suppl. 4): 8–13.
4. Merikangas KR, Jin R, He J-P et al. Prevalence and correlates of bipolar spectrum disorder in the World Mental Health Survey Initiative. Arch. Gen. Psychiatry 2011; 68: 241–251.
5. Latalova K, Prasko J, Diveky T, Kamaradova D, Velartova H. Cognitive dysfunction, dissociation and quality of life in bipolar affective disorders in remission. Psychiatr. Danub. 2010; 22: 528–534.
6. Phillips ML, Kupfer DJ. Bipolar disorder diagnosis: Challenges and future directions. Lancet 2013; 381: 1663–1671.
7. Hosang GM, Korszun A, Jones L et al. Adverse life event reporting and worst illness episodes in unipolar and bipolar affective disorders: Measuring environmental risk for genetic research. Psychol. Med. 2010; 40: 1829–1837.
8. Anand A, Koller DL, Lawson WB, Gershon ES, Nurnberger JI. Genetic and childhood trauma interaction effect on age of onset in bipolar disorder: An exploratory analysis. J. Affect. Disord. 2015; 179: 1–5.
9. Mondimore FM. Kraepelin and manic-depressive insanity: An historical perspective. Int. Rev. Psychiatry 2005; 17: 49–52.
10. Zivanovic O, Nedic A. Kraepelin's concept of manic-depressive insanity: One hundred years later. J. Affect. Disord. 2012; 137: 15–24.
11. Bender RE, Alloy LB. Life stress and kindling in bipolar disorder: Review of the evidence and integration with emerging biopsychosocial theories. Clin. Psychol. Rev. 2011; 31: 383–398.
12. Post RM. Kindling and sensitization as models for affective episode recurrence, cyclicity, and tolerance phenomena. Neurosci. Biobehav. Rev. 2007; 31: 858–873.
13. Ferreira MAR, O'Donovan MC, Meng YA et al. Collaborative genome-wide association analysis supports a role for ANK3 and CACNA1C in bipolar disorder. Nat. Genet. 2008; 40: 1056–1058.
14. Fiorentino A, O'Brien NL, Locke DP et al. Analysis of ANK3 and CACNA1C variants identified in bipolar disorder whole genome sequence data. Bipolar Disord. 2014; 16: 583–591.
15. Craddock N, Sklar P. Genetics of bipolar disorder. Lancet 2013; 381: 1654–1662.
16. Cross-Disorder Group of the Psychiatric Genomics Consortium. Identification of risk loci with shared effects on five major psychiatric disorders: A genome-wide analysis. Lancet 2013; 381: 1371–1379.
17. Forstner AJ, Hofmann A, Maaser A et al. Genome-wide analysis implicates microRNAs and their target genes in the development of bipolar disorder. Transl. Psychiatry 2015; 5: e678.
18. Sullivan PF, Daly MJ, O'Donovan M. Genetic architectures of psychiatric disorders: The emerging picture and its implications. Nat. Rev. Genet. 2012; 13: 537–551.
19. Baum AE, Akula N, Cabanero M et al. A genome-wide association study implicates diacylglycerol kinase eta (DGKH) and several other genes in the etiology of bipolar disorder. Mol. Psychiatry 2008; 13: 197–207.
20. Sklar P, Ripke S, Scott LJ et al. Large-scale genome-wide association analysis of bipolar disorder identifies a new susceptibility locus near ODZ4. Nat. Genet. 2011; 43: 977–983.
21. Pang D, Syed S, Fine P, Jones PB. No association between prenatal viral infection and depression in later life–a long-term cohort study of 6152 subjects. Can. J. Psychiatry 2009; 54: 565–570.
22. Mortensen PB, Pedersen CB, Mcgrath JJ et al. Neonatal antibodies to infectious agents and risk of bipolar disorder: A population-based case–control study. Bipolar Disord. 2011; 13: 624–629.
23. Parboosing R, Bao Y, Shen L, Schaefer CA, Brown AS. Gestational influenza and bipolar disorder in adult offspring. JAMA Psychiatry 2013; 70: 677–685.
24. Canetta SE, Bao Y, Co MDT et al. Serological documentation of maternal influenza exposure and bipolar disorder in adult offspring. Am. J. Psychiatry 2014; 171: 557–563.
25. Okusaga O, Yolken RH, Langenberg P et al. Association of seropositivity for influenza and coronaviruses with history of mood disorders and suicide attempts. J. Affect. Disord. 2011; 130: 220–225.
26. Tedla Y, Shibre T, Ali O et al. Serum antibodies to Toxoplasma gondii and Herpesvidae family viruses in individuals with schizophrenia and bipolar disorder: A case–control study. Ethiop. Med. J. 2011; 49: 211–220.
27. Pearce BD, Kruszon-Moran D, Jones JL. The relationship between Toxoplasma gondii infection and mood disorders in the third National Health and Nutrition Survey. Biol. Psychiatry 2012; 72: 290–295.
28. Hamdani N, Daban-Huard C, Lajnef M et al. Relationship between Toxoplasma gondii infection and bipolar disorder in a French sample. J. Affect. Disord. 2013; 148: 444–448.
29. Ekblad M, Gissler M, Lehtonen L, Korkeila J. Prenatal smoking exposure and the risk of psychiatric morbidity into young adulthood. Arch. Gen. Psychiatry 2010; 67: 841–849.
30. Talati A, Bao Y, Kaufman J, Shen L, Schaefer CA, Brown AS. Maternal smoking during pregnancy and bipolar disorder in offspring. Am. J. Psychiatry 2013; 170: 1178–1185.
31. Chudal R, Brown AS, Gissler M, Suominen A, Sourander A. Is maternal smoking during pregnancy associated with bipolar disorder in offspring? J. Affect. Disord. 2015; 171: 132–136.
32. Bain M, Juszczak E, McInneny K, Kendell RE. Obstetric complications and affective psychoses. Two case–control studies based on structured obstetric records. Br. J. Psychiatry 2000; 176: 523–526.
33. Øgendahl BK, Agerbo E, Byrne M, Licht RW, Eaton WW, Mortensen PB. Indicators of fetal growth and bipolar disorder: A Danish national register-based study. Psychol. Med. 2006; 36: 1219–1224.
34. Nosarti C, Reichenberg A, Murray RM et al. Preterm birth and psychiatric disorders in young adult life. Arch. Gen. Psychiatry 2012; 69: 610–617.
35. Chudal R, Sourander A, Polo-Kantola P et al. Perinatal factors and the risk of bipolar disorder in Finland. J. Affect. Disord. 2014; 155: 75–80.
36. Volpe FM, da Silva EM, dos Santos TN, de Freitas DEG. Further evidence of seasonality of mania in the tropics. J. Affect. Disord. 2010; 124: 178–182.
37. Dominiak M, Swiecicki L, Rybakowski J. Psychiatric hospitalizations for affective disorders in Warsaw, Poland: Effect of season and intensity of sunlight. Psychiatry Res. 2015; 229: 287–294.
38. Geoffroy PA, Bellivier F, Scott J, Etain B. Seasonality and bipolar disorder: A systematic review, from admission rates to seasonality of symptoms. J. Affect. Disord. 2014; 168: 210–233.
39. Young JW, Dulcis D. Investigating the mechanism(s) underlying switching between states in bipolar disorder. Eur. J. Pharmacol. 2015; 759: 151–162.
40. Rajkumar RP, Sarkar S. Seasonality of admissions for mania: Results from a general hospital psychiatric unit in Pondicherry, India. Prim. Care Companion CNS Disord. 2015; 17. doi: 10.4088/PCC.15m01780.
41. Hochman E, Valevski A, Onn R, Weizman A, Krivoy A. Seasonal pattern of manic episode admissions among bipolar I disorder patients is associated with male gender and presence of psychotic features. J. Affect. Disord. 2016; 190: 123–127.
42. Kennedy BL, Dhaliwal N, Pedley L, Sahner C, Greenberg R, Manshadi MS. Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder in subjects with schizophrenia and bipolar disorder. J. Ky. Med. Assoc. 2002; 100: 395–399.
43. Garno JL, Goldberg JF, Ramirez PM, Ritzler BA. Impact of childhood abuse on the clinical course of bipolar disorder. Br. J. Psychiatry 2005; 186: 121–125.
44. Kauer-Sant'Anna M, Tramontina J, Andreazza AC et al. Traumatic life events in bipolar disorder: Impact on BDNF levels and psychopathology. Bipolar Disord. 2007; 9 (Suppl. 1): 128–135.
45. Quarantini LC, Miranda-Scippa A, Nery-Fernandes F et al. The impact of comorbid posttraumatic stress disorder on bipolar disorder patients. J. Affect. Disord. 2010; 123: 71–76.
46. Fisher H, Hosang G. Childhood maltreatment and bipolar disorder : A critical review of the evidence. Mind Brain 2010; 1: 1–11.
47. Daruy-Filho L, Brietzke E, Lafer B, Grassi-Oliveira R. Childhood maltreatment and clinical outcomes of bipolar disorder. Acta Psychiatr. Scand. 2011; 124: 427–434.
48. Miller S, Hallmayer J, Wang PW, Hill SJ, Johnson SL, Ketter TA. Brain-derived neurotrophic factor val66met genotype and early life stress effects upon bipolar course. J. Psychiatr. Res. 2013; 47: 252–258.
49. Aas M, Haukvik UK, Djurovic S et al. Interplay between childhood trauma and BDNF val66met variants on blood BDNF mRNA levels and on hippocampus subfields volumes in schizophrenia spectrum and bipolar disorders. J. Psychiatr. Res. 2014; 59: 14–21.
50. Girshkin L, Matheson SL, Shepherd AM, Green MJ. Morning cortisol levels in schizophrenia and bipolar disorder: A meta-analysis. Psychoneuroendocrinology 2014; 49: 187–206.
51. Benedetti F, Riccaboni R, Poletti S et al. The serotonin transporter genotype modulates the relationship between early stress and adult suicidality in bipolar disorder. Bipolar Disord. 2014; 16: 857–866.
52. Sala R, Goldstein BI, Wang S, Blanco C. Childhood maltreatment and the course of bipolar disorders among adults: Epidemiologic evidence of dose–response effects. J. Affect. Disord. 2014; 165: 74–80.
53. Baumeister D, Akhtar R, Ciufolini S, Pariante CM, Mondelli V. Childhood trauma and adulthood inflammation: A meta-analysis of peripheral C-reactive protein, interleukin-6 and tumour necrosis factor-α. Mol. Psychiatry 2016; 21: 642–649.
54. Etain B, Lajnef M, Henrion A et al. Interaction between SLC6A4 promoter variants and childhood trauma on the age at onset of bipolar disorders. Sci. Rep. 2015; 5: 16301.
55. Oliveira J, Etain B, Lajnef M et al. Combined effect of TLR2 gene polymorphism and early life stress on the age at onset of bipolar disorders. PLoS One 2015; 10: e0119702. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0119702.
56. Benedetti F, Riccaboni R, Dallaspezia S, Locatelli C, Smeraldi E, Colombo C. Effects of CLOCK gene variants and early stress on hopelessness and suicide in bipolar depression. Chronobiol. Int. 2015; 32: 1156–1161.
57. Mert DG, Kelleci M, Mizrak A, Semiz M, Demir MO. Factors associated with suicide attempts in patients with bipolar disorder type I. Psychiatr. Danub. 2015; 27: 236–241.
58. Aas M, Henry C, Andreassen OA, Bellivier F, Melle I, Etain B. The role of childhood trauma in bipolar disorders. Int. J. Bipolar Disord. 2016; 4: 2. doi: 10.1186/s40345-015-0042-0.
59. Ellicott A, Hammen C, Gitlin M, Brown G, Jamison K. Life events and the course of bipolar disorder. Am. J. Psychiatry 1990; 147: 1194–1198.
60. Malkoff-Schwartz S, Frank E, Anderson B et al. Stressful life events and social rhythm disruption in the onset of manic and depressive bipolar episodes: A preliminary investigation. Arch. Gen. Psychiatry 1998; 55: 702–707.
61. Hlastala SA, Frank E, Kowalski J et al. Stressful life events, bipolar disorder, and the “kindling model”. J. Abnorm. Psychol. 2000; 109: 777–786.
62. Paykel ES. Life events and affective disorders. Acta Psychiatr. Scand. 2003; 108: 61–66.
63. Christensen EM, Gjerris A, Larsen JK et al. Life events and onset of a new phase in bipolar affective disorder. Bipolar Disord. 2003; 5: 356–361.
64. Hillegers MHJ, Burger H, Wals M et al. Impact of stressful life events, familial loading and their interaction on the onset of mood disorders: Study in a high-risk cohort of adolescent offspring of parents with bipolar disorder. Br. J. Psychiatry 2004; 185: 97–101.
65. Cohen AN, Hammen C, Henry RM, Daley SE. Effects of stress and social support on recurrence in bipolar disorder. J. Affect. Disord. 2004; 82: 143–147.
66. Johnson SL. Life events in bipolar disorder: Towards more specific models. Clin. Psychol. Rev. 2005; 25: 1008–1027.
67. Kessing LV, Andersen PK. Predictive effects of previous episodes on the risk of recurrence in depressive and bipolar disorders. Curr. Psychiatry Rep. 2005; 7: 413–420.
68. Alloy LB, Abramson LY, Urosevic S, Walshaw PD, Nusslock R, Neeren AM. The psychosocial context of bipolar disorder: Environmental, cognitive, and developmental risk factors. Clin. Psychol. Rev. 2005; 25: 1043–1075.
69. Kim EY, Miklowitz DJ, Biuckians A, Mullen K. Life stress and the course of early-onset bipolar disorder. J. Affect. Disord. 2007; 99: 37–44.
70. Johnson SL, Cuellar AK, Ruggero C et al. Life events as predictors of mania and depression in bipolar I disorder. J. Abnorm. Psychol. 2008; 117: 268–277.
71. Gruber J, Miklowitz DJ, Harvey AG et al. Sleep matters: Sleep functioning and course of illness in bipolar disorder. J. Affect. Disord. 2011; 134: 416–420.
72. Boland EM, Bender RE, Alloy LB, Conner BT, Labelle DR, Abramson LY. Life events and social rhythms in bipolar spectrum disorders: An examination of social rhythm sensitivity. J. Affect. Disord. 2012; 139: 264–272.
73. Hosang GM, Korszun A, Jones L, Jones I, McGuffin P, Farmer AE. Life-event specificity: Bipolar disorder compared with unipolar depression. Br. J. Psychiatry 2012; 201: 458–465.
74. De Dios C, González-Pinto A, Montes JM et al. Predictors of recurrence in bipolar disorders in Spain (PREBIS study data). J. Affect. Disord. 2012; 141: 406–414.
75. Gershon A, Johnson SL, Miller I. Chronic stressors and trauma: Prospective influences on the course of bipolar disorder. Psychol. Med. 2013; 43: 2583–2592.
76. Koenders MA, Giltay EJ, Spijker AT, Hoencamp E, Spinhoven P, Elzinga BM. Stressful life events in bipolar I and II disorder: Cause or consequence of mood symptoms? J. Affect. Disord. 2014; 161: 55–64.
77. Simhandl C, Radua J, König B, Amann BL. The prevalence and effect of life events in 222 bipolar I and II patients: A prospective, naturalistic 4 year follow-up study. J. Affect. Disord. 2014; 170: 166–171.
78. Kemner SM, van Haren N, Bootsman F et al. The influence of life events on first and recurrent admissions in bipolar disorder. Int. J. Bipolar Disord. 2015; 3: 6. doi: 10.1186/s40345-015-0022-4.
79. Kemner SM, Mesman E, Nolen WA, Eijckemans MJC, Hillegers MHJ. The role of life events and psychological factors in the onset of first and recurrent mood episodes in bipolar offspring: Results from the Dutch Bipolar Offspring Study. Psychol. Med. 2015; 45: 2571–2581.
80. Maciukiewicz M, Pawlak J, Kapelski P et al. Can psychological, social and demographical factors predict clinical characteristics symptomatology of bipolar affective disorder and schizophrenia? Psychiatr. Q. 2016; 87: 501–513.
81. Johnson SL, Winett CA, Meyer B, Greenhouse WJ, Miller I. Social support and the course of bipolar disorder. J. Abnorm. Psychol. 1999; 108: 558–566.
82. Johnson SL, Meyer B, Winett C, Small J. Social support and self-esteem predict changes in bipolar depression but not mania. J. Affect. Disord. 2000; 58: 79–86.
83. Johnson SL, Sandrow D, Meyer B et al. Increases in manic symptoms after life events involving goal attainment. J. Abnorm. Psychol. 2000; 109: 721–727.
84. Johnson L, Lundström O, Aberg-Wistedt A, Mathé AA. Social support in bipolar disorder: Its relevance to remission and relapse. Bipolar Disord. 2003; 5: 129–137.
85. Miklowitz DJ. The role of the family in the course and treatment of bipolar disorder. Curr. Dir. Psychol. Sci. 2007; 16: 192–196.
86. Coville AL, Miklowitz DJ, Taylor DO, Low KG. Correlates of high expressed emotion attitudes among parents of bipolar adolescents. J. Clin. Psychol. 2008; 64: 438–449.
87. Greenberg S, Rosenblum KL, McInnis MG, Muzik M. The role of social relationships in bipolar disorder: A review. Psychiatry Res. 2014; 219: 248–254.
88. Ellis AJ, Portnoff LC, Axelson DA, Kowatch RA, Walshaw P, Miklowitz DJ. Parental expressed emotion and suicidal ideation in adolescents with bipolar disorder. Psychiatry Res. 2014; 216: 213–216.
89. Owen R, Gooding P, Dempsey R, Jones S. A qualitative investigation into the relationships between social factors and suicidal thoughts and acts experienced by people with a bipolar disorder diagnosis. J. Affect. Disord. 2015; 176: 133–140.
90. Prandovszky E, Gaskell E, Martin H, Dubey JP, Webster JP, McConkey GA. The neurotropic parasite Toxoplasma gondii increases dopamine metabolism. PLoS One 2011: e23866. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0023866.
91. Yagmur F, Yazar S, Temel HO, Cavusoglu M. May Toxoplasma gondii increase suicide attempt-preliminary results in Turkish subjects? Forensic Sci. Int. 2010; 199: 15–17.
92. Hultman CM, Sparén P, Cnattingius S. Perinatal risk factors for infantile autism. Epidemiology 2002; 13: 417–423.
93. Button TMM, Thapar A, McGuffin P. Relationship between antisocial behaviour, attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder and maternal prenatal smoking. Br. J. Psychiatry 2005; 187: 155–160.
94. McClung CA. Circadian rhythms and mood regulation: Insights from pre-clinical models. Eur. Neuropsychopharmacol. 2011; 21 (Suppl. 4): 683–693.
95. Etain B, Milhiet V, Bellivier F, Leboyer M. Genetics of circadian rhythms and mood spectrum disorders. Eur. Neuropsychopharmacol. 2011; 21 (Suppl. 4): 676–682.
96. Niemegeers P, Dumont GJH, Patteet L, Neels H, Sabbe BGC. Bupropion for the treatment of seasonal affective disorder. Expert Opin. Drug Metab. Toxicol. 2013; 9: 1229–1240.
97. Otto MW, Perlman CA, Wernicke R, Reese HE, Bauer MS, Pollack MH. Posttraumatic stress disorder in patients with bipolar disorder: A review of prevalence, correlates, and treatment strategies. Bipolar Disord. 2004; 6: 470–479.
98. Etain B, Henry C, Bellivier F, Mathieu F, Leboyer M. Beyond genetics: Childhood affective trauma in bipolar disorder. Bipolar Disord. 2008; 10: 867–876.
99. Stoltenborgh M, Bakermans-Kranenburg MJ, Alink LRA, van IJzendoorn MH. The universality of childhood emotional abuse: A meta-analysis of worldwide prevalence. J. Aggress. Maltreat. Trauma 2012; 21: 870–890.
100. Glaser D. Emotional abuse and neglect (psychological maltreatment): A conceptual framework. Child Abuse Negl. 2002; 26: 697–714.
101. Kaplan SJ, Pelcovitz D, Labruna V. Child and adolescent abuse and neglect research: A review of the past 10 years. Part I: Physical and emotional abuse and neglect. J. Am. Acad. Child Adolesc. Psychiatry 1999; 38: 1214–1222.
102. Martins CMS, Von WB, De CT, Juruena Francisco M. Emotional abuse in childhood is a differential factor for the development of depression in adults. J. Nerv. Ment. Dis. 2014; 202: 774–782.
103. Thombs BD, Bernstein DP, Ziegelstein RC et al. An evaluation of screening questions for childhood abuse in 2 community samples: Implications for clinical practice. Arch. Intern. Med. 2006; 166: 2020–2026.
104. Grandin LD, Alloy LB, Abramson LY. The social zeitgeber theory, circadian rhythms, and mood disorders: Review and evaluation. Clin. Psychol. Rev. 2006; 26: 679–694.
105. Weiss RB, Stange JP, Boland EM et al. Kindling of life stress in bipolar disorder: Comparison of sensitization and autonomy models. J. Abnorm. Psychol. 2015; 124: 4–16.
106. Cobb S. Presidential address-1976. Social support as a moderator of life stress. Psychosom. Med. 1976; 38: 300–314.
107. Miklowitz DJ, Wisniewski SR, Miyahara S, Otto MW, Sachs GS. Perceived criticism from family members as a predictor of the one-year course of bipolar disorder. Psychiatry Res. 2005; 136: 101–111.
108. Tohen M, Frank E, Bowden CL et al. The International Society for Bipolar Disorders (ISBD) Task Force report on the nomenclature of course and outcome in bipolar disorders. Bipolar Disord. 2009; 11: 453–473.