Serum antibodies to toxoplasma gondii and herpesvidae family viruses in individuals with schizophrenia and bipolar disorder: A Case - Control study

Ethiopian Medical Journal

Volumn 49, Issue 3, 2011, Pages 211-220

  Tedla, Yared ^a   Shibre, Teshome ^a   Ali, Oumer ^b   Tadele, Geletta ^d   Woldeamanue, Yimtubezinash ^a   Asrat, Daniel ^a   Aseffa, Abraham ^d   Mihret, Wude ^b   Abebe, Markos ^b   Alem, Atalaye ^a   Medhin, Girmay ^c   Habte, Abebe ^b  

^a ADDIS ABABA UNIVERSITY   (Ethiopia)

^b Armauer Hansen's Research Institute   (Ethiopia)

^c AkiIilu Lemma Institute of Pathobiology   (Ethiopia)

^d NONE

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

IMMUNOGLOBULIN G; PROTOZOON ANTIBODY; VIRUS ANTIBODY;

ADOLESCENT; ADULT; ARTICLE; BIPOLAR DISORDER; BLOOD; CASE CONTROL STUDY; CYTOMEGALOVIRUS; CYTOMEGALOVIRUS INFECTION; EPIDEMIOLOGY; ETHIOPIA; FEMALE; HERPES SIMPLEX; HERPES SIMPLEX VIRUS 1; HERPES SIMPLEX VIRUS 2; HERPES VIRUS; HUMAN; IMMUNOLOGY; ISOLATION AND PURIFICATION; MALE; MIDDLE AGED; PARASITOLOGY; PREVALENCE; RISK FACTOR; SCHIZOPHRENIA; TOXOPLASMA; TOXOPLASMOSIS; VIROLOGY;

ADOLESCENT; ADULT; ANTIBODIES, PROTOZOAN; ANTIBODIES, VIRAL; BIPOLAR DISORDER; CASE-CONTROL STUDIES; CYTOMEGALOVIRUS; CYTOMEGALOVIRUS INFECTIONS; ETHIOPIA; FEMALE; HERPES SIMPLEX; HERPESVIRIDAE; HERPESVIRUS 1, HUMAN; HERPESVIRUS 2, HUMAN; HUMANS; IMMUNOGLOBULIN G; MALE; MIDDLE AGED; PREVALENCE; RISK FACTORS; SCHIZOPHRENIA; SEROEPIDEMIOLOGIC STUDIES; TOXOPLASMA; TOXOPLASMOSIS; YOUNG ADULT;

EID: 80053647034     PISSN: 00141755     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: None     Document Type: Article

References (57)

1. Kebede D, Alem A. Major mental disorders in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. I. Schizophrenia, schizoaffective and cognitive disorders. Acta Psychiat Scand 1999;397:11-7.
2. The Academy of Medical Sciences. Challenges and priorities for global mental health research in low and middle income countries; Symposium report; 2008 Sep 4; London, U.K.
3. Kebede D, Alem A, Shibre T et al. Onset and clinical course of schizophrenia in Butajira-Ethiopia, a commu nity-based study. Soc Psych Psych Epid 2003 Nov;38(l 1):625-31. (Pubitemid 37455650)
4. Fekadu A, Shibre T, Alem A et al. Bipolar disorder among an isolated island community in Ethiopia. J Affect Disorders 2004 May;80(1):1-10. (Pubitemid 38496523)
5. Torrey EF, Leweke MF, Schwarz MJ et al. Cytomegalovirus and schizophrenia. CNS Drugs 2006;20(11):879-85. (Pubitemid 44611137)
6. Niebuhr DW, Millikan AM, Cowan DN, Yolken R, Li Y, Weber NS. Selected infectious agents and risk of schizophrenia among U.S. military personnel. Am J Psychiat 2008 Jan;165(1):99-106. (Pubitemid 351704558)
7. Yolken RH, Torrey EF. Viruses, schizophrenia, and bipolar disorder. Clin Microbiol Rev 1995 Jan;8(1):131-45.
8. Leweke FM, Gerth CW, Koethe D et al. Antibodies to infectious agents in individuals with recent onset schizophrenia. Eur Arch Psy Clin N 2004 Feb;254(1):4-8. (Pubitemid 39310542)
9. Tandon R, Keshavan MS, Nasrallah HA. Schizophrenia, "just the facts" what we know in 2008. 2. Epidemiology and etiology. Schizophr Res 2008 Jul; 102(1-3): 1-18.
10. Yolken RH, Torrey EF. Are some cases of psychosis caused by microbial agents? A review of the evidence. Mol Psychiatr 2008 May;13(5):470-9. (Pubitemid 351556038)
11. Niebuhr DW, Millikan AM, Yolken R, Li Y, Weber NS. Results from a hypothesis generating case-control study: herpes family viruses and schizophrenia among military personnel. Schizophrenia Bull 2008 Nov;34 (6): 1182-8.
12. Amminger GP, McGorry PD, Berger GE et al. Antibodies to infectious agents in individuals at ultra-high risk for psychosis. Biol Psychiat 2007 May 15;61(10):1215-7.
13. Estran C, Brenier-Pinchart MP, Pelletier L, Cesbron-Delauw MF, Pelloux H. Toxoplasma gondii in human astrocytes in vitro: interleukin (IL)-12 and IL-10 do not influence cystogenesis. J Parasitol 2006 Oct;92 (5): 1108-10. (Pubitemid 44863069)
14. Carruthers VB, Suzuki Y. Effects of Toxoplasma gondii infection on the brain. Schizophrenia Bull 2007 May;33(3):745-51. (Pubitemid 47343715)
15. Fischer HG, Nitzgen B, Reichmann G, Hadding U. Cytokine responses induced by Toxoplasma gondii in as- o trocytes and microglial cells. Eur J Immunol 1997 Jun;27(6): 1539-48. (Pubitemid 27254848)
16. Yolken RH, Karlsson H, Yee F, Johnston-Wilson NL, Torrey EF. Endogenous retroviruses and schizophrenia. Brain Res Rev 2000 Mar;31 (2-3): 193-9. (Pubitemid 30136176)
17. Torrey EF, Bartko JJ, Lun ZR, Yolken RH. Antibodies to Toxoplasma gondii in patients with schizophrenia: a meta-analysis. Schizophrenia Bull 2007 May;33(3):729-36. (Pubitemid 47343710)
18. Webster JP. The effect of Toxoplasma gondii on animal behavior: playing cat and mouse. Schizophrenia Bull 2007 May;33(3):752-6. (Pubitemid 47343711)
19. Jones-Brando L, Torrey EF, Yolken R. Drugs used in the treatment of schizophrenia and bipolar disorder inhibit the replication of Toxoplasma gondii. Schizophr Res 2003 Aug l;62(3):237-44. (Pubitemid 36775365)
20. Srikanth S, Ravi V, Poornima KS, Shetty KT, Gangadhar BN, Janakiramaiah N. Viral antibodies in recent onset, nonorganic psychoses: correspondence with symptomatic severity. Biol Psychiat 1994 Oct 15;36(8):517-21. (Pubitemid 24330629)
21. Torrey EF, Peterson MR. Schizophrenia and the limbic system. Lancet 1974 Oct 19;2 (7886):942-6.
22. Dickerson FB, Boronow JJ, Stallings CR, Origoni AE, Yolken RH. Reduction of symptoms by valacyclovir in cytomegalovirus-seropositive individuals with schizophrenia. Am J Psychiat 2003 Dec; 160(12):2234-6. (Pubitemid 39619620)
23. Muller N, Riedel M, Scheppach C et al. Beneficial antipsychotic effects of celecoxib add-on therapy compared to risperidone alone in schizophrenia. Am J Psychiat 2002 Jun; 159(6): 1029-34. (Pubitemid 34586950)
24. Zhu H, Cong JP, Yu D, Bresnahan WA, Shenk TE. Inhibition of cyclooxygenase 2 blocks human cytomegalovirus replication. P Natl Acad Sci USA 2002 Mar 19;99(6):3932-7. (Pubitemid 34252208)
25. Martelius TJ, Wolff H, Bruggeman CA, Hockerstedt KA, Lautenschlager IT. Induction of cydo-oxygenase-2 by acute liver allograft rejection and cytomegalovirus infection in the rat. Transplant Int 2002 Dec;15(12):610-4. (Pubitemid 36068175)
26. Prasad KM, Shirts BH, Yolken RH, Keshavan MS, Nimgaonkar VL. Brain morphological changes associated with exposure to HSV1 in first-episode schizophrenia. Mol Psychiatr 2007 Jan; 12(1): 105-13, 1. (Pubitemid 44973667)
27. Alexander RC, Cabirac G, Lowenkopf T et al. Search for evidence of herpes simplex virus, type 1, or varicella -zoster virus infection in postmortem brain tissue from schizophrenic patients. Acta Psychiat Scand 1992 Nov; 86 (5):418-20.
28. Yolken R. Viruses and schizophrenia: a focus on herpes simplex virus. Herpes 2004 Jun;1 1 Suppl 2:83A-8A.
29. Buka SL, Cannon TD, Torrey EF, Yolken RH. Maternal exposure to herpes simplex virus and risk of psychosis among adult offspring. Biol Psychiat 2008 Apr 15;63(8):809-15. (Pubitemid 351400765)
30. Guebre-Xabier M, Nurilign A, Gebre-Hiwot A et al. Sero-epidemiological survey of Toxoplasma gondii infection in Ethiopia. Ethiopian Med J 1993 Jul;31(3):201-8. (Pubitemid 23252702)
31. Woldemichael T, Fontanet AL, Sahlu T et al. Evaluation of the Eiken latex agglutination test for anti- Toxoplasma antibodies and seroprevalence of Toxoplasma infection among factory workers in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. TRoy Soc Trop MedH 1998 Jul-Aug;92(4):401-3. (Pubitemid 28409884)
32. Onadeko MO, Joynson DH, Payne RA, Francis J. The prevalence of toxoplasma antibodies in pregnant Nigerian women and the occurrence of stillbirth and congenital malformation. Afr J Med Med Sci 1996 Dec;25 (4):331-4.
33. Hinze-Selch D. Infection, treatment and immune response in patients with bipolar disorder versus patients with major depression, schizophrenia or healthy controls. Bipolar Disord 2002;4 Suppl 1:81-3.
34. Torrey EF, Yolken RH, Winfrey CJ. Cytomegalovirus antibody in cerebrospinal fluid of schizophrenic patients detected by enzyme immunoassay. Science 1982 May 21;216(4548):892-4. (Pubitemid 12058818)
35. Office of Population and Housing Census Comm ission (OPHCC). The 1994 Population and housing census of Ethiopia. Results for Southern Nations, Nationalities and Peoples' Region. Addis Ababa: Abridged Statistical Report; 1994.
36. IBL-America. CMV IgG (catalog number EG101) ELISA kits product information [pdfj. Immuno-Biological Laboratories, Inc.; 2007 [cited 2008 October 10]. Available from: www.ibl-america.com.
37. Focus Diagnostics. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) for the qualitative detection of human IgG class antibodies to HSV-1 and HSV-2 [Pdfj. Focus Diagnostics, Inc.; 2007 [cited 2009 January ]. Available from: www.focusdx.com.
38. IBL-America. Toxo IgG (catalog number EG 127) ELISA kits product information [pdfj. Immuno-Biological Laboratories, Inc.; 2007 [cited 2008 October 10]. Available from: www.ibl-america.com.
39. Wit E, McClure J. Statistics for Microarrays Design, Analysis, and Inference. Chichester, England: John Wiley & Sons; 2004.
40. Cetinkaya Z, Yazar S, Gecici O, Namli MN. Anti-Toxoplasma gondii antibodies in patients with schizophrenia- preliminary findings in a Turkish sample. Schizophrenia Bull 2007 May;33(3):789-91. (Pubitemid 47343723)
41. Mokhtari M, Mokhtari M. Toxoplasma gondii and schizophrenia. Ann Gen Psychiat 2006 Feb;5(l): 169-70.
42. Alvarado-Esquivel C, Alanis-Quinones OP, Arreola-Valenzuela MA et al. Seroepidemiology of Toxoplasma gondii infection in psychiatric inpatients in a northern Mexican city. BMC Infect Dis 2006;6:178.
43. Negash T, Tilahun G, Medhin G. Seroprevalence of Toxoplasma gondii in Nazaret town, Ethiopia. East Afr J Public Health 2008 Dec;5(3):211-4.
44. Hinze-Selch D, Daubener W, Eggert L, Erdag S, Stoltenberg R, Wilms S. A controlled prospective study of toxoplasma gondii infection in individuals with schizophrenia: beyond seroprevalence. Schizophrenia Bull 2007 May;33 (3):782-8. (Pubitemid 47343717)
45. Yolken RH, Bachmann S, Ruslanova I et al. Antibodies to Toxoplasma gondii in individuals with first-episode schizophrenia. Clin Infect Dis 2001 Mar 1 ;32 (5):842-4. (Pubitemid 32221950)
46. Wang HL, Wang GH, Li QY, Shu C, Jiang MS, Guo Y. Prevalence of Toxoplasma infection in first-episode schizophrenia and comparison between Toxoplasma-seropositive and Toxoplasma-seronegative schizophrenia. Acta Psychiat Scand 20Q6 Jul;1 14(1):40-8. (Pubitemid 43885484)
47. Sarov B, Naggan L, Rosenzveig R, Katz S, Haikin H, Sarov I. Prevalence of antibodies to human cytomegalovirus in urban, kibbutz, and Bedouin children in southern Israel. J Med Virol 1982; 10(3): 195-201. (Pubitemid 13211392)
48. Ashraf SJ, Parande CM, Arya SC. Cytomegalovirus antibodies of patients in the Gizan area of Saudi Arabia. J Infect Dis 1985 Dec; 152 (6): 1351.
49. Staras SA, Dollard SC, Radford KW, Flanders WD, Pass RF, Cannon MJ. Seroprevalence of cytomegalovirus infection in the United States, 1988-1994. Clin Infect Dis 2006 Nov 1 ;43(9): 1143-51.
50. Ades AE, Peckham CS, Dale GE, Best JM, Jeansson S. Prevalence of antibodies to herpes simplex virus types 1 and 2 in pregnant women, and estimated rates of infection. J Epidemiol Commun H 1989 Mar;43(1):53-60. (Pubitemid 19076741)
51. Mbopi-Keou FX, Gresenguet G, Mayaud P, Weiss HA, Gopal R, Matta M, et al. Interactions between herpes simplex virus type 2 and human immunodeficiency virus type 1 infection in African women: opportunities for intervention. J Infect Dis 2000 Oct;l 82(4): 1090-6.
52. Wagner HU, Van Dyck E, Roggen E et al. Seroprevalence and incidence of sexually transmitted diseases in a rural Ugandan population. Int J STD AIDS 1994 Sep-Oct;5(5):332-7. (Pubitemid 24301522)
53. Wills TS. Cytomegalovirus. eMedicine; 2009 [updated 2009 April 28, 2009; cited 2009 August]; Available from: http://www.emedicine.com.
54. Buka SL, Tsuang MT, Torrey EF, Klebanoff MA, Bernstein D, Yolken RH. Maternal infections and subsequent psychosis among offspring. Arch Gen Psychiat 2001 Nov;58(11): 1032-7.
55. Dickerson FB, Boronow JJ, Stallings C, Origoni AE, Cole S, Krivogorsky B, et al. Infection with herpes simplex virus type 1 is associated with cognitive deficits in bipolar disorder. Biol Psychiat 2004 Mar 15;55(6):588-93. (Pubitemid 38315032)
56. Torrey EF, Knable MB. "Are schizophrenia and bipolar disorder one disease or two? Introduction to the symposium," Schizophr Res 1999;39:93-4. (Pubitemid 29415679)
57. Andreasen NC, Olsen S. Negative ,v positive schizophrenia. Definition and validation. Arch Gen Psychiat 1982 Jul;39(7):789-94.