A Test of Kangaroo Care on Preterm Infant Breastfeeding

JOGNN - Journal of Obstetric, Gynecologic, and Neonatal Nursing

Volumn 45, Issue 1, 2016, Pages 45-61

  Tully, Kristin P ^a   Holditch Davis, Diane ^a   White Traut, Rosemary C ^a   David, Richard ^a   O'Shea, T Michael ^a   Geraldo, Victoria ^a  

^a NONE

Author keywords

infant feeding; kangaroo care; massage; mothers; neonatal intensive care unit; NICU; preterm infants

Indexed keywords

ADULT; BREAST FEEDING; CLINICAL TRIAL; CONTROLLED STUDY; EDUCATIONAL STATUS; FEMALE; HUMAN; INFANT; KANGAROO CARE; LOW BIRTH WEIGHT; MALE; MATERNAL BEHAVIOR; MOTHER CHILD RELATION; MULTICENTER STUDY; NEONATAL INTENSIVE CARE UNIT; NEWBORN; PREMATURITY; PROCEDURES; PSYCHOLOGY; RANDOMIZED CONTROLLED TRIAL; STATISTICS; STATISTICS AND NUMERICAL DATA; UNITED STATES;

ADULT; BREAST FEEDING; EDUCATIONAL STATUS; FEMALE; HUMANS; INFANT; INFANT, LOW BIRTH WEIGHT; INFANT, NEWBORN; INFANT, PREMATURE; INTENSIVE CARE UNITS, NEONATAL; KANGAROO-MOTHER CARE METHOD; MALE; MATERNAL BEHAVIOR; MOTHER-CHILD RELATIONS; STATISTICS AS TOPIC; UNITED STATES;

EID: 84983333750     PISSN: 08842175     EISSN: 15526909     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.jogn.2015.10.004     Document Type: Article

References (89)

1. American Academy of Pediatrics, Breastfeeding and the use of human milk. Pediatrics 129:3 (2012), e827–e841, 10.1542/peds.2011-3552.
2. Anderson, G.C., Chiu, S.H., Dombrowski, M.A., Swinth, J.Y., Albert, J.M., Wada, N., Mother-newborn contact in a randomized trial of kangaroo (skin-to-skin) care. Journal of Obstetric, Gynecologic, & Neonatal Nursing 32:5 (2003), 604–611, 10.1177/0884217503256616.
3. Bartick, M.C., Stuebe, A.M., Schwarz, E.B., Luongo, C., Reinhold, A.G., Foster, E.M., Cost analysis of maternal disease associated with suboptimal breastfeeding. Obstetrics & Gynecology 122:1 (2013), 111–119, 10.1097/AOG.0b013e318297a047.
4. Berrington, J.E., Heam, R.I., Bythell, M., Wright, C., Embleton, N.D., Deaths in preterm infants: Changing pathology over 2 decades. The Journal of Pediatrics 160:1 (2012), 49–53, 10.1016/j.jpeds.2011.06.046.
5. Brazy, J., Goldstein, R., Oehler, J.M., Gustafson, K.E., Thompson, R.J. Jr., Nursery Neurobiologic Risk Score: Levels of risk and relationships with nonmedical factors. Journal of Developmental and Behavioral Pediatrics 14:6 (1993), 375–380.
6. Burns, K., Cunningham, N., White-Traut, R., Silvestri, J., Nelson, M.N., Infant stimulation: Modification of an intervention based on physiologic and behavioral cues. Journal of Obstetric, Gynecologic, & Neonatal Nursing 23:7 (1994), 581–589, 10.1111/j.1552-6909.1994.tb01924.x.
7. Bystrova, K., Widström, A.-M., Matthiesen, A.S., Ransjö-Arvidson, A.B., Welles-Nyström, B., Wassberg, C., Uvnäs-Moberg, K., Skin-to-skin contact may reduce negative consequences of “the stress of being born”: A study on temperature in newborn infants, subjected to different ward routines in St. Petersburg. Acta Pædiatrica 92:3 (2003), 320–326, 10.1111/j.1651-2227.2003.tb00553.x.
8. Callahan, J.L., Hynan, M.T., Identifying mothers at risk for postnatal emotional distress: Further evidence for the validity of the perinatal posttraumatic stress disorder questionnaire. Journal of Perinatology 22:6 (2002), 448–454, 10.1038/sj.jp.7210783.
9. Callen, J., Pinelli, J., Atkinson, S., Saigal, S., Qualitative analysis of barriers to breastfeeding in very-low-birthweight infants in the hospital and postdischarge. Advances in Neonatal Care 5:2 (2005), 93–103, 10.1016/j.adnc.2004.12.005.
10. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Breastfeeding among U.S. children born 2000-2009, CDC National Immunization Survey. 2010, Author, Atlanta, GA Retrieved from http://www.cdc.gov/breastfeeding/data/NIS_data/index.htm.
11. Christensson, K., Siles, C., Moreno, L., Belaustequi, A., De La Fuente, P., Lagercrantz, H., Winberg, J., Temperature, metabolic adaptation and crying in healthy full-term newborns cared for skin-to-skin or in a cot. Acta Pædiatrica 81:6–7 (1992), 488–493.
12. Davanzo, R., Ronfani, L., Brovedani, P., Demarini, S., Breast feeding very-low-birthweight infants at discharge: A multicentre study using WHO definitions. Paediatric and Perinatal Epidemiology 23:6 (2009), 591–596, 10.1111/j.1365-3016.2009.01068.x.
13. DeMier, R.L., Hynan, M.T., Hatfield, R.F., Varner, M.W., Harris, H.B., Manniello, R.L., A measurement model of perinatal stressors: Identifying risk for postnatal emotional distress in mothers of high-risk infants. Journal of Clinical Psychology 56:1 (2000), 89–100, 10.1002/(SICI)1097-4679(200001)56:1<89::AID-JCLP8>3.0.CO;2-6.
14. Dennis, C.-L., Coghlan, M., Vigod, S., Can we identify mothers at-risk for postpartum anxiety in the immediate postpartum period using the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory?. Journal of Affective Disorders 150:3 (2013), 1217–1220, 10.1016/j.jad.2013.05.049.
15. Ely, B., Dampier, C., Gilday, M., O'Neal, P., Brodecki, D., Caregiver report of pain in infants and toddlers with sickle cell disease: Reliability and validity of a daily diary. The Journal of Pain 3:1 (2002), 50–57, 10.1054/jpai.2002.xb30064.
16. Engler, A.J., Ludington-Hoe, S.M., Cusson, R.M., Adams, R., Bahnsen, M., Brumbaugh, E., Williams, D., Kangaroo care: National survey of practice, knowledge, barriers, and perceptions. MCN: The American Journal of Maternal Child Nursing 27:3 (2002), 146–153.
17. Fenwick, J., Barclay, L., Schmied, V., Craving closeness: A grounded theory analysis of women's experiences of mothering in the Special Care Nursery. Women and Birth 21:2 (2008), 71–85, 10.1016/j.wombi.2008.03.006.
18. Flacking, R., Ewald, U., Wallin, L., Positive effect of kangaroo care on long-term breastfeeding in very preterm infants. Journal of Obstetric, Gynecologic, & Neonatal Nursing 40:2 (2011), 190–197, 10.1111/j.1552-6909.2011.01226.x.
19. Franck, L.S., Bernal, H., Gale, G., Infant holding practices and policies in neonatal units. Neonatal Network 21:2 (2002), 13–20.
20. Furman, L., Minich, N., Hack, M., Correlates of lactation in mothers of very low birth weight infants. Pediatrics, 109(4), 2002, e57, 10.1542/peds.109.4.e57.
21. Ganapathy, V., Hay, J.W., Kim, J.H., Necrotizing enterocolitis and cost-effectiveness of exclusively human milk-based products in feeding extremely premature infants. Breastfeeding Medicine 7:1 (2012), 29–37, 10.1089/bfm.2011.0002.
22. Hake-Brooks, S.J., Anderson, G.C., Kangaroo care and breastfeeding of mother–preterm infant dyads 0–18 months: A randomized, controlled trial. Neonatal Network 27:3 (2008), 151–159.
23. Hamilton, B.E., Hoyert, D.L., Martin, J.A., Strobino, D.M., Guyer, B., Annual summary of vital statistics: 2010-2011. Pediatrics 131:3 (2013), 548–558, 10.1542/peds.2012-3769.
24. Härtel, C., Hasse, B., Browning-Carmo, K., Gebauer, C., Kattner, E., Kribs, A., Göpel, W., Does the enteral feeding advancement affect short-term outcomes in very low birth weight infants?. Journal of Pediatric Gastroenterology and Nutrition 48:4 (2009), 464–470, 10.1097/MPG.0b013e31818c5fc3.
25. Hartmann, P.E., Cregan, M.D., Ramsay, D.T., Simmer, K., Kent, J.C., Physiology of lactation in preterm mothers: Initiation and maintenance. Pediatric Annals 32:5 (2003), 351–355.
26. Hector, D.J., Complexities and subtleties in the measurement and reporting of breastfeeding practices. International Breastfeeding Journal, 6, 2011, 5, 10.1186/1746-4358-6-5.
27. Holditch-Davis, D., Miles, M.S., Mothers' stories about their experiences in the neonatal intensive unit. Neonatal Network 19:3 (2000), 13–21.
28. Holditch-Davis, D., Miles, M.S., Weaver, M.A., Black, B.P., Beeber, L.S., Thoyre, S., Engelke, S., Patterns of distress in African-American mothers of preterm infants. Journal of Behavioral and Developmental Pediatrics 30:3 (2009), 193–205.
29. Holditch-Davis, D., Schwartz, T., Black, B., Scher, M., Correlates of mother-premature infant interactions. Research in Nursing and Health 30:3 (2007), 333–346, 10.1002/nur.20190.
30. Holditch-Davis, D., White-Traut, R.C., Levy, J.A., O'Shea, T.M., Geraldo, V., David, R., Maternally administered interventions for preterm infants in the NICU: Effects on maternal psychological distress and mother–infant relationship. Infant Behavior & Development 37:4 (2014), 695–710, 10.1016/j.infbeh.2014.08.005.
31. Holditch-Davis, D., White-Traut, R., Levy, J., Williams, K.L., Ryan, D., Vonderheid, S., Maternal satisfaction with administering infant interventions sin the neonatal intensive care unit. Journal of Obstetric, Gynecologic, & Neonatal Nursing 42:6 (2013), 641–654, 10.1111/1552-6909.12255.
32. Horta, B.L., Victora, C.G., Long-term effects of breastfeeding: A systematic review. 2013, World Health Organization, Geneva, Switzerland Retrieved from http://apps.who.int/iris/bitstream/10665/79198/1/9789241505307_eng.pdf.
33. Jeiger, B.J., Meier, P., Engstrom, J.L., McBridge, T., The initial maternal cost of providing 100mL of human milk for very low birth weight infants in the neonatal intensive care unit. Breastfeeding Medicine 5:2 (2010), 71–77, 10.1089/bfm.2009.0063.
34. Johnson, T.J., Patel, A.L., Bigger, H.R., Engstrom, J.L., Meier, P.P., Economic benefits and costs of human milk feedings: A strategy to reduce the risk of prematurity-related morbidities in very-low-birth-weight infants. Advances in Nutrition 5:2 (2014), 207–212, 10.3945/an.113.004788.
35. Kornides, M., Kitsantas, P., Evaluation of breastfeeding promotion, support, and knowledge of benefits on breastfeeding outcomes. Journal of Child Health Care 17:3 (2013), 264–273, 10.1177/1367493512461460.
36. Krishnamurthy, S., Gupta, P., Debnath, S., Gomber, S., Slow versus rapid enteral feeding advancement in preterm newborn infants 1000–1499 g: A randomized controlled trial. Acta Paediatrica 99:1 (2010), 42–46, 10.1111/j.1651-2227.2009.01519.x.
37. Lee, T.Y., Lee, T.T., Kuo, S.C., The experiences of mothers in breastfeeding their very low birth weight infants. Journal of Advanced Nursing 65:12 (2009), 2523–2531, 10.1111/j.1365-2648.2009.05116.x.
38. Meier, P.P., Patel, A.L., Bigger, H.R., Rossman, B., Engstrom, J.L., Supporting breastfeeding in the neonatal intensive care unit: Rush Mother's Milk Club as a case study in evidence-based care. Pediatric Clinics of North America 60:1 (2013), 209–226, 10.1016/j.pcl.2012.10.007.
39. Mendenhall, W., Beaver, R.J., Beaver, B.M., Introduction to Probability and Statistics (13th ed.). 2009, Brooks/Cole, Belmont, CA.
40. Mew, A.M., Holditch-Davis, D., Belyea, M., Miles, M.S., Fishel, A., Correlates of depressive symptoms in mothers of preterm infants. Neonatal Network 22:5 (2003), 51–60, 10.1891/0730-0832.22.5.51.
41. Miles, M.S., Funk, S.G., Carlson, J., Parental Stressor Scale: Neonatal Intensive Care Unit. Nursing Research 42:3 (1993), 148–152.
42. Miles, M.S., Holditch-Davis, D., Compensatory parenting: How mothers describe parenting their 3-year-old prematurely born children. Journal of Pediatric Nursing 10:4 (1995), 243–253.
43. Miles, M.S., Holditch-Davis, D., Enhancing nursing research with children and families using a developmental science perspective. Fitzpatrick, J.J., Miles, M.S., Holditch-Davis, D., (eds.) Annual Review of Nursing Research, 21, 2003, Springer, New York, NY, 1–20.
44. Miles, M.S., Holditch-Davis, D., Scher, M., Schwartz, T., A longitudinal study of depressive symptoms in mothers of prematurely born infants. Journal of Developmental and Behavioral Pediatrics 28:1 (2007), 36–44, 10.1097/01.DBP.0000257517.52459.7a.
45. Miracle, D.J., Meier, P.P., Bennett, P.A., Mothers' decision to change from formula to mothers' milk for very-low-birth-weight infants. Journal of Obstetric, Gynecologic, & Neonatal Nursing 33:6 (2004), 692–703, 10.1177/0884217504270665.
46. Moore, E.R., Anderson, G.C., Bergman, N., Dowswell, T., Early skin-to-skin contact for mothers and their healthy newborn infants. The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, 5, 2012, CD003519, 10.1002/14651858.CD003519.pub3.
47. Mulready-Ward, C., Sackoff, J., Outcomes and factors associated with breastfeeding for <8 weeks among preterm infants: Finding from 6 states and NYC: 2004-2007. Maternal and Child Health Journal 17:9 (2013), 1648–1657, 10.1007/s10995-012-1178-5.
48. Paul, I.M., Downs, D., Schaefer, E.W., Beiler, J.S., Weisman, C.S., Postpartum anxiety and maternal-infant health outcomes. Pediatrics 131:4 (2013), e1218–e1224, 10.1542/peds.2012-2147.
49. Pineda, R.G., Predictors of breastfeeding and breastmilk feeding among very low birth weight infants. Breastfeeding Medicine 6:1 (2011), 15–19, 10.1089/bfm.2010.0010.
50. Pinelli, J., Saigal, S., Atkinson, S.A., Effect of breastmilk consumption on neurodevelopmental outcomes at 6 and 12 months of age in VLBW infants. Advances in Neonatal Care 3:2 (2003), 76–87.
51. Quigley, M.A., McGuire, W., Formula versus donor breast milk for feeding preterm or low birth weight infants. The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, 4, 2014, CD002971, 10.1002/14651858.CD002971.pub3.
52. Quinnell, F.A., Hynan, M.T., Convergent and discriminant validity of the Perinatal PTSD Questionnaire (PPQ): A preliminary study. Journal of Traumatic Stress 12:1 (1999), 193–199.
53. Radloff, L., The CES-D scale: A self-report depression scale for research in the general population. Applied Psychological Measurement 1:3 (1977), 385–401, 10.1177/014662167700100306.
54. Redshaw, M., Henderson, J., Fathers' engagement in pregnancy and childbirth: Evidence from a national survey. BMC Pregnancy Childbirth, 13, 2013, 70, 10.1186/1471-2393-13-70.
55. Renfrew, M.J., Dyson, L., McCormick, F., Misso, K., Stenhouse, E., King, S.E., Williams, A.F., Breastfeeding promotion for infants in neonatal units: A systematic review. Child: Care, Health and Development 36:2 (2010), 165–178, 10.1111/j.1365-2214.2009.01018.x.
56. Roberts, K.L., Paynter, C., McEwan, B., A comparison of kangaroo mother care and conventional cuddling care. Neonatal Network 19:4 (2000), 31–35.
57. Rossman, B., Engstrom, J.L., Meier, P.P., Vonderheid, S.C., Norr, K.F., Hill, P.D., “They've walked in my shoes”: Mothers of very low birth weight infants and their experiences with breastfeeding peer counselors in the neonatal intensive care unit. Journal of Human Lactation 27:1 (2011), 14–24, 10.1177/0890334410390046.
58. Sisk, P.M., Lovelady, C.A., Dillard, R.G., Gruber, K.J., Lactation counseling for mothers of very low birth weight infants: Effect on maternal anxiety and intake of human milk. Pediatrics 117:1 (2006), e67–e75, 10.1542/peds.2005-0267.
59. Sisk, P.M., Lovelady, C.A., Gruber, K.J., Dillard, R.G., O'Shea, T.M., Human milk consumption and full enteral feeding among infants who weight
60. Sisk, P.M., Lovelady, C.A., Dillard, R.G., Gruber, K.J., O'Shea, T.M., Maternal and infant characteristics associated with human milk feeding in very low birth weight infants. Journal of Human Lactation 25:4 (2009), 412–419, 10.1177/0890334409340776.
61. Sisk, P., Quandt, S., Parson, N., Tucker, J., Breast milk expression and maintenance in mothers of very low birth weight infants: Supports and barriers. Journal of Human Lactation 26:4 (2010), 368–375, 10.1177/089033441037121.
62. Smith, J.A., Jamerson, P.A., Bernaix, L.W., Schmidt, C.A., Seiter, L., Fathers' perceptions of supportive behaviors for the provision of breast milk to premature infants. Advances in Neonatal Care 6:6 (2006), 341–348.
63. Smith, M.M., Durkin, M., Hinton, V.J., Bellinger, D., Kuhn, L., Initiation of breastfeeding among mothers of very low birth weight infants. Pediatrics 111:6 Pt 1 (2003), 1137–1142.
64. Spatz, D.L., Ten Steps for promoting and protecting breastfeeding for vulnerable infants. Journal of Perinatal & Neonatal Nursing 18:4 (2004), 385–396.
65. Spielberger, C.D., Gorusch, R.L., Lushene, R., Vagg, P.R., Jacobs, G.A., Manual for the State/Trait Anxiety Inventory (Form Y). 1983, Consulting Psychologist, Palo Alto, CA.
66. Stuebe, A.M., Bonuck, K., What predicts intent to breastfeed exclusively? Breastfeeding knowledge, attitudes, and beliefs in a diverse urban population. Breastfeeding Medicine 6:6 (2011), 413–420, 10.1089/bfm.2010.0088.
67. Stuebe, A.M., Grewen, K., Meltzer-Brody, A., Association between maternal mood and oxytocin response to breastfeeding. Journal of Women's Health 22:4 (2013), 352–361, 10.1089/jwh.2012.3768.
68. Stuebe, A.M., Michels, K.B., Willett, W.C., Manson, J.E., Rexrode, K., Rich-Edwards, J.W., Duration of lactation and incidence of myocardial infarction in middle to late adulthood. American Journal of Obstetrics & Gynecology 200:2 (2009), 138.e1–138.e8, 10.1016/j.ajog.2008.10.001.
69. Stuebe, A.M., Schwarz, E.B., Grewen, K., Rich-Edwards, J.W., Michels, K.B., Foster, E.M., Forman, J., Duration of lactation and incidence of maternal hypertension: A longitudinal cohort study. American Journal of Epidemiology 174:10 (2011), 1147–1158, 10.1093/aje/kwr227.
70. Sweet, L., Expressed breast milk as ‘connection’ and its influence on the construction of ‘motherhood’ for mothers of preterm infants: A qualitative study. International Breastfeeding Journal, 3, 2008, 30, 10.1186/1746-4358-3-30.
71. Thoman, E.B., Acebo, C., Becker, P.T., Infant crying and stability in the mother-infant relationship: A systems analysis. Child Development 54:3 (1983), 653–659.
72. Thomas, K.A., Differential effects of breast- and formula-feeding on preterm infants' sleep-wake patterns. Journal of Obstetric, Gynecologic, & Neonatal Nursing 29:2 (2000), 145–152, 10.1111/j.1552-6909.2000.tb02034.x.
73. Thulier, D., A call for clarity in infant breast and bottle-feeding definitions for research. Journal of Obstetric, Gynecologic, & Neonatal Nursing 39:6 (2010), 627–634, 10.1111/j.1552-6909.2010.01197.x.
74. U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, The Surgeon General's Call to Action to Support Breastfeeding. 2011, U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Office of the Surgeon General, Washington, DC Retrieved from http://www.surgeongeneral.gov/library/calls/breastfeeding/calltoactiontosupportbreastfeeding.pdf.
75. Uvnäs-Moberg, K., Oxytocin may mediate the benefits of positive social interaction and emotions. Psychoneuroendocrinology 23:8 (1998), 819–835.
76. Vohr, B.R., Poindexter, B.B., Dusick, A.M., McKinley, L.T., Higgins, R.D., Langer, J.C., Poole, W.K., Persistent beneficial effects of breast milk ingested in the neonatal intensive care unit on outcomes of extremely low birth weight infants at 30 months of age. Pediatrics 120:4 (2007), e953–e959, 10.1542/peds.2006-3227.
77. Weissman, M.M., Sholomskas, D., Pottenger, M., Prusoff, B.A., Locke, B.Z., Assessing depressive symptoms in five psychiatric populations: A validation study. American Journal of Epidemiology 106:3 (1977), 203–214.
78. White-Traut, R.C., Berbaum, M.L., Lesssen, B., McFarlin, B., Cardenas, L., Feeding readiness in preterm infant: The relationship between preterm behavioral state and feeding readiness behavioral and efficiency during transition from gavage to oral feeding. MCN The American Journal of Maternal Child Nursing 30:1 (2005), 52–59.
79. White-Traut, R.C., Nelson, M.N., Silvestri, J.M., Cunningham, N., Patel, M., Response of preterm infants to unimodal and multimodal sensory intervention. Pediatric Nursing 23:2 (1997), 169–175.
80. White-Traut, R.C., Nelson, M.N., Silvestri, J., Patel, M., Kilgallon, D., Patterns of physiologic and behavioral response of intermediate care preterm infants to intervention. Pediatric Nursing 19:6 (1993), 625–629.
81. White-Traut, R.C., Nelson, M.N., Silvestri, J.M., Vasan, U., Littau, S., Meleedy-Rey, P., Patel, M., Effect of auditory, tactile, visual, and vestibular intervention on length of stay, alertness, and feeding progression in preterm infants. Developmental Medicine & Child Neurology 44:2 (2002), 91–97, 10.1111/j.1469-8749.2002.tb00293.x.
82. White-Traut, R.C., Norr, K., An ecological model for premature infant feeding. Journal of Obstetric, Gynecologic, & Neonatal Nursing 38:4 (2009), 478–490, 10.1111/j.1552-6909.2009.01046.x.
83. White-Traut, R.C., Norr, K.F., Fabiyi, C., Rankin, K.M., Li, Z., Liu, L., Mother-infant interaction improves with a developmental intervention for mother-preterm infant dyads. Infant Behavior & Development 36:4 (2013), 694–706, 10.1016/j.infbeh.2013.07.004.
84. White-Traut, R., Rankin, K.M., Pham, T., Li, Z., Liu, L., Preterm infants' orally directed behaviors and behavioral state responses to the integrated H-HOPE intervention. Infant Behavior & Development 37:4 (2014), 583–596, 10.1016/j.infbeh.2014.08.001.
85. White-Traut, R., Wink, T., Minehart, T., Holditch-Davis, D., Frequency of premature infant engagement and disengagement behaviors during two maternally administered interventions. Newborn & Infant Nursing Reviews 12:3 (2012), 124–131, 10.1053/j.nainr.2012.06.005.
86. Widström, A.-M., Lilja, G., Aaltomaa-Michalias, P., Dahllöf, A., Lintula, M., Nissen, E., Newborn behaviour to locate the breast when skin-to-skin: a possible method for enabling early self-regulation. Acta Pædiatrica 100:1 (2011), 79–85, 10.1111/j.1651-2227.2010.01983.x.
87. Winberg, J., Mother and newborn baby: Mutual regulation of physiology and behavior: A selective review. Developmental Psychobiology 47:3 (2005), 217–229, 10.1002/dev.20094.
88. Zachariassen, G., Faerk, J., Grytter, J., Esberg, B., Juvonen, P., Halken, S., Factors associated with successful establishment of breastfeeding in very preterm infants. Acta Paediatrica 99:7 (2010), 1000–1004, 10.1111/j.1651-2227.2010.01721.x.
89. Zanardo, V., Gambina, I., Begley, C., Litta, P., Cosmi, E., Giustardi, A., Trevisanuto, D., Psychological distress and early lactation performance in mothers of late preterm infants. Early Human Development 87:4 (2011), 321–323, 10.1016/j.earlhumdev.2011.01.035.