Regulatory roles of Oct proteins in the mammary gland

Biochimica et Biophysica Acta - Gene Regulatory Mechanisms

Volumn 1859, Issue 6, 2016, Pages 812-819

  Qian, Xi ^a   Zhao, Feng Qi ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF VERMONT   (United States)

Author keywords

Breast cancer; Mammary gland; Milk protein; Oct protein; Transcriptional regulation

Indexed keywords

BETA CASEIN; GLUCOCORTICOID; GLUCOCORTICOID RECEPTOR; MILK PROTEIN; OCTAMER TRANSCRIPTION FACTOR; OCTAMER TRANSCRIPTION FACTOR 1; OCTAMER TRANSCRIPTION FACTOR 2; OCTAMER TRANSCRIPTION FACTOR 4; PROLACTIN; STAT5 PROTEIN; ISOPROTEIN; POU2F1 PROTEIN, HUMAN;

ARTICLE; BINDING AFFINITY; BREAST CANCER; BREAST DEVELOPMENT; BREAST EPITHELIUM CELL; CARCINOGENESIS; DEVELOPMENTAL STAGE; GENETIC TRANSCRIPTION; HORMONAL REGULATION; HUMAN; LACTATION; MAMMARY GLAND; PRIORITY JOURNAL; PROTEIN BINDING; PROTEIN EXPRESSION; PROTEIN FUNCTION; PROTEIN INTERACTION; SEQUENCE ALIGNMENT; AMINO ACID SEQUENCE; ANIMAL; BREAST TUMOR; FEMALE; GENE EXPRESSION REGULATION; GENETICS; METABOLISM; MOLECULAR GENETICS; PATHOLOGY; SIGNAL TRANSDUCTION; TRANSCRIPTION INITIATION;

AMINO ACID SEQUENCE; ANIMALS; BREAST NEOPLASMS; CARCINOGENESIS; FEMALE; GENE EXPRESSION REGULATION, NEOPLASTIC; HUMANS; LACTATION; MAMMARY GLANDS, HUMAN; MOLECULAR SEQUENCE DATA; OCTAMER TRANSCRIPTION FACTOR-1; OCTAMER TRANSCRIPTION FACTOR-2; PROTEIN ISOFORMS; SIGNAL TRANSDUCTION; TRANSCRIPTIONAL ACTIVATION;

EID: 84982845557     PISSN: 18749399     EISSN: 18764320     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagrm.2016.03.015     Document Type: Article

References (103)

1. [1] Babu, M.M., Luscombe, N.M., Aravind, L., Gerstein, M., Teichmann, S.A., Structure and evolution of transcriptional regulatory networks. Curr. Opin. Struct. Biol. 14 (2004), 283–291.
2. [2] Brivanlou, A.H., Darnell, J.E., Signal transduction and the control of gene expression. Science 295 (2002), 813–818.
3. [3] Schöler, H., Hatzopoulos, A.K., Balling, R., Suzuki, N., Gruss, P., A family of octamer-specific proteins present during mouse embryogenesis: evidence for germline-specific expression of an oct factor. EMBO J. 8 (1989), 2543–2550.
4. [4] Zhao, F.-Q., Zheng, Y., Dong, B., Oka, T., Cloning, genomic organization, expression, and effect on β-casein promoter activity of a novel isoform of the mouse Oct-1 transcription factor. Gene 326 (2004), 175–187.
5. [5] Goldsborough, A.S., Healy, L.E., Copeland, N.G., Gilbert, D.J., Jenkins, N.A., Willison, K.R., Ashworth, A., Cloning, chromosomal localization and expression pattern of the POU domain gene Oct-11. Nucleic Acids Res. 21 (1993), 127–134.
6. [6] Schöler, H.R., Octamania: the POU factors in murine development. Trends Genet. 7 (1991), 323–329.
7. [7] Sturm, R.A., Das, G., Herr, W., The ubiquitous octamer-binding protein Oct-1 contains a POU domain with a homeo box subdomain. Genes Dev. 2 (1988), 1582–1599.
8. [8] Clerc, R.G., Corcoran, L.M., LeBowitz, J.H., Baltimore, D., Sharp, P.A., The B-cell-specific Oct-2 protein contains POU box-and homeo box-type domains. Genes Dev. 2 (1988), 1570–1581.
9. [9] Rosner, M.H., Vigano, M.A., Ozato, K., Timmons, P.M., Poirie, F., Rigby, P.W., Staudt, L.M., A POU-domain transcription factor in early stem cells and germ cells of the mammalian embryo. Nature 345 (1990), 686–692.
10. [10] Meijer, D., Graus, A., Kraay, R., Langeveld, A., Mulder, M.P., Grosveld, G., The octamer binding factor Oct6: cDNA cloning and expression in early embryonic cells. Nucleic Acids Res. 18 (1990), 7357–7365.
11. [11] Atanasoski, S., Toldo, S.S., Malipiero, U., Schreiber, E., Fries, R., Fontana, A., Isolation of the human genomic brain-2/N-Oct 3 gene (POUF3) and assignment to chromosome 6q16. Genomics 26 (1995), 272–280.
12. [12] Schreiber, E., Tobler, A., Malipiero, U., Schaffner, W., Fontana, A., cDNA cloning of human N-Oct 3, a nervous-system specific POU domain transcription factor binding to the octamer DNA motif. Nucleic Acids Res. 21 (1993), 253–258.
13. [13] He, X., Treacy, M.N., Simmons, D.M., Ingraham, H.A., Swanson, L.W., Rosenfeld, M.G., Expression of a large family of POU-domain regulatory genes in mammalian brain development. Nature 340 (1989), 35–41.
14. [14] Douville, P., Atanasoski, S., Tobler, A., Fontana, A., Schwab, M., The brain-specific POU-box gene Brn4 is a sex-linked transcription factor located on the human and mouse X chromosomes. Mamm. Genome 5 (1994), 180–182.
15. [15] Ryan, A.K., Rosenfeld, M.G., POU domain family values: flexibility, partnerships, and developmental codes. Genes Dev. 11 (1997), 1207–1225.
16. [16] Zhao, F.-Q., Octamer-binding transcription factors: genomics and functions. Front. Biosci. (Landmark Ed.) 18 (2013), 1051–1071.
17. [17] Fletcher, C., Heintz, N., Roeder, R.G., Purification and characterization of OTF-1, a transcription factor regulating cell cycle expression of a human histone H2b gene. Cell 51 (1987), 773–781.
18. [18] Kang, J., Gemberling, M., Nakamura, M., Whitby, F.G., Handa, H., Fairbrother, W.G., Tantin, D., A general mechanism for transcription regulation by Oct1 and Oct4 in response to genotoxic and oxidative stress. Genes Dev. 23 (2009), 208–222.
19. [19] Saito, H., Oka, T., Hormonally regulated double-and single-stranded DNA-binding complexes involved in mouse-casein gene transcription. J. Biol. Chem. 271 (1996), 8911–8918.
20. [20] Zhao, F.-Q., Adachi, K., Oka, T., Involvement of Oct-1 in transcriptional regulation of β-casein gene expression in mouse mammary gland. Biochim. Biophys. Acta 1577 (2002), 27–37.
21. [21] Thum, T., Borlak, J., LOX-1 receptor blockade abrogates oxLDL-induced oxidative DNA damage and prevents activation of the transcriptional repressor Oct-1 in human coronary arterial endothelium. J. Biol. Chem. 283 (2008), 19456–19464.
22. [22] Wang, P., Wang, Q., Sun, J., Wu, J., Li, H., Zhang, N., Huang, Y., Su, B., Li, R.-k., Liu, L., POU homeodomain protein Oct-1 functions as a sensor for cyclic AMP. J. Biol. Chem. 284 (2009), 26456–26465.
23. [23] dela Paz, N.G., Simeonidis, S., Leo, C., Rose, D.W., Collins, T., Regulation of NF-κB-dependent gene expression by the POU domain transcription factor Oct-1. J. Biol. Chem. 282 (2007), 8424–8434.
24. [24] Sebastiano, V., Dalvai, M., Gentile, L., Schubart, K., Sutter, J., Wu, G.-M., Tapia, N., Esch, D., Ju, J.-Y., Hübner, K., Oct1 regulates trophoblast development during early mouse embryogenesis. Development 137 (2010), 3551–3560.
25. [25] Wang, P., Jin, T., Oct-1 functions as a sensor for metabolic and stress signals. Islets 2 (2010), 46–48.
26. [26] Qian, X., Zhao, F.-Q., Current major advances in the regulation of milk protein gene expression. Crit. Rev. Eukaryot. Gene Expr. 24 (2014), 357–378.
27. [27] Shakya, A., Cooksey, R., Cox, J.E., Wang, V., McClain, D.A., Tantin, D., Oct1 loss of function induces a coordinate metabolic shift that opposes tumorigenicity. Nat. Cell Biol. 11 (2009), 320–327.
28. [28] Ng, M., Lam, V., Tam, C., Chan, A., So, W.Y., Ma, R., Zee, B., Waye, M., Mak, W., Hu, C., Association of the POU class 2 homeobox 1 gene (POU2F1) with susceptibility to Type 2 diabetes in Chinese populations. Diabet. Med. 27 (2010), 1443–1449.
29. [29] Macias, H., Hinck, L., Mammary gland development. Wiley Interdiscip. Rev. Dev. Biol. 1 (2012), 533–557.
30. [30] Jin, T., Branch, D.R., Zhang, X., Qi, S., Youngson, B., Goss, P.E., Examination of POU homeobox gene expression in human breast cancer cells. Int. J. Cancer 81 (1999), 104–112.
31. [31] Hassiotou, F., Hepworth, A.R., Beltran, A.S., Mathews, M.M., Stuebe, A.M., Hartmann, P.E., Filgueira, L., Blancafort, P., Expression of the pluripotency transcription factor OCT4 in the normal and aberrant mammary gland. Front Oncol., 3, 2013, 79.
32. [32] Dong, B., Zhao, F.-Q., Expression of the Oct-2 transcription factor in mouse mammary gland and cloning and characterization of a novel Oct-2 isoform. Cell Tissue Res. 328 (2007), 595–606.
33. [33] Kang, J., Shakya, A., Tantin, D., Stem cells, stress, metabolism and cancer: a drama in two Octs. Trends Biochem. Sci. 34 (2009), 491–499.
34. [34] Herr, W., Sturm, R., Clerc, R., Corcoran, L., Baltimore, D., Sharp, P., Ingraham, H., Rosenfeld, M., Finney, M., Ruvkun, G., The POU domain: a large conserved region in the mammalian pit-1, oct-1, oct-2 and Caenorhabditis elegans unc-86 gene products. Genes Dev. 2 (1988), 1513–1516.
35. [35] Klemm, J.D., Rould, M.A., Aurora, R., Herr, W., Pabo, C.O., Crystal structure of the Oct-1 POU domain bound to an octamer site: DNA recognition with tethered DNA-binding modules. Cell 77 (1994), 21–32.
36. [36] Dekker, N., Cox, M., Boelens, R., Verrijzer, C.P., van der Vliet, P.C., Kaptein, R., Solution structure of the POU-specific DNA-binding domain of Oct-1. Nature 362 (1993), 852–855.
37. [37] Botfield, M.C., Jancso, A., Weiss, M.A., Biochemical characterization of the Oct-2 POU domain with implications for bipartite DNA recognition. Biochemistry 31 (1992), 5841–5848.
38. [38] Nieto, L., Joseph, G., Stella, A., Henri, P., Burlet-Schiltz, O., Monsarrat, B., Clottes, E., Erard, M., Differential effects of phosphorylation on DNA binding properties of N Oct-3 are dictated by protein/DNA complex structures. J. Mol. Biol. 370 (2007), 687–700.
39. [39] Tantin, D., Gemberling, M., Callister, C., Fairbrother, W., High-throughput biochemical analysis of in vivo location data reveals novel distinct classes of POU5F1 (Oct4)/DNA complexes. Genome Res. 18 (2008), 631–639.
40. [40] Reményi, A., Tomilin, A., Pohl, E., Lins, K., Philippsen, A., Reinbold, R., Schöler, H.R., Wilmanns, M., Differential dimer activities of the transcription factor Oct-1 by DNA-induced interface swapping. Mol. Cell 8 (2001), 569–580.
41. [41] Verrijzer, C.P., Kal, A.J., Van der Vliet, P., The DNA binding domain (POU domain) of transcription factor oct-1 suffices for stimulation of DNA replication. EMBO J. 9 (1990), 1883–1888.
42. [42] Kemler, I., Bucher, E., Seipel, K., Müller-lmmerglück, M.M., Schaffner, W., Promoters with the octamer DNA motif (ATGCAAAT) can be ubiquitous or cell type-specific depending on binding affinity of the octamer site and Oct-factor concentration. Nucleic Acids Res. 19 (1991), 237–242.
43. [43] Strubin, M., Newell, J.W., Matthias, P., OBF-1, a novel B cell-specific coactivator that stimulates immunoglobulin promoter activity through association with octamer-binding proteins. Cell 80 (1995), 497–506.
44. [44] Wang, V.E., Schmidt, T., Chen, J., Sharp, P.A., Tantin, D., Embryonic lethality, decreased erythropoiesis, and defective octamer-dependent promoter activation in Oct-1-deficient mice. Mol. Cell. Biol. 24 (2004), 1022–1032.
45. [45] Andersen, B., Schonemann, M.D., Flynn, S.E., Pearse, R.V., Singh, H., Rosenfeld, M.G., Skn-1a and Skn-1i: two functionally distinct Oct-2-related factors expressed in epidermis. Science 260 (1993), 78–82.
46. [46] Hildesheim, J., Kuhn, U., Yee, C.L., Foster, R.A., Yancey, K.B., Vogel, J.C., The hSkn-1a POU transcription factor enhances epidermal stratification by promoting keratinocyte proliferation. J. Cell Sci. 114 (2001), 1913–1923.
47. [47] Friedrich, R.P., Schlierf, B., Tamm, E.R., Bösl, M.R., Wegner, M., The class III POU domain protein Brn-1 can fully replace the related Oct-6 during schwann cell development and myelination. Mol. Cell. Biol. 25 (2005), 1821–1829.
48. [48] Wolf, M., Lommes, P., Sock, E., Reiprich, S., Friedrich, R.P., Kriesch, J., Stolt, C.C., Bermingham, J.R., Wegner, M., Replacement of related POU transcription factors leads to severe defects in mouse forebrain development. Dev. Biol. 332 (2009), 418–428.
49. [49] Pesce, M., Schöler, H.R., Oct-4: control of totipotency and germline determination. Mol. Reprod. Dev. 55 (2000), 452–457.
50. [50] Tai, M.-H., Chang, C.-C., Olson, L.K., Trosko, J.E., Oct4 expression in adult human stem cells: evidence in support of the stem cell theory of carcinogenesis. Carcinogenesis 26 (2005), 495–502.
51. [51] Tantin, D., Oct transcription factors in development and stem cells: insights and mechanisms. Development 140 (2013), 2857–2866.
52. [52] Shakya, A., Kang, J., Chumley, J., Williams, M.A., Tantin, D., Oct1 is a switchable, bipotential stabilizer of repressed and inducible transcriptional states. J. Biol. Chem. 286 (2011), 450–459.
53. [53] Shakya, A., Callister, C., Goren, A., Yosef, N., Garg, N., Khoddami, V., Nix, D., Regev, A., Tantin, D., Pluripotency transcription factor Oct4 mediates stepwise nucleosome demethylation and depletion. Mol. Cell. Biol. 35 (2015), 1014–1025.
54. [54] Qian, X., Zhao, F.-Q., Interactions of the ubiquitous octamer-binding transcription factor-1 with both the signal transducer and activator of transcription 5 and the glucocorticoid receptor mediate prolactin and glucocorticoid-induced β-casein gene expression in mammary epithelial cells. Int. J. Biochem. Cell Biol. 45 (2013), 724–735.
55. [55] Qian, X., Zhao, F.-Q., Collaborative interaction of Oct-2 with Oct-1 in transactivation of lactogenic hormones-induced β-casein gene expression in mammary epithelial cells. Gen. Comp. Endocrinol. 204 (2014), 185–194.
56. [56] Dong, B., Zhao, F.-Q., Involvement of the ubiquitous Oct-1 transcription factor in hormonal induction of beta-casein gene expression. Biochem. J. 401 (2007), 57–64.
57. [57] Dong, B., Huang, C., Li, D., Zhao, F.-Q., Oct-1 functions as a transactivator in the hormonal induction of β-casein gene expression. Mol. Cell. Biochem. 328 (2009), 93–99.
58. [58] Rijnkels, M., Wheeler, D., De Boer, H., Pieper, F., Structure and expression of the mouse casein gene locus. Mamm. Genome 8 (1997), 9–15.
59. [59] Ball, R., Friis, R., Schoenenberger, C., Doppler, W., Groner, B., Prolactin regulation of beta-casein gene expression and of a cytosolic 120-kd protein in a cloned mouse mammary epithelial cell line. EMBO J. 7 (1988), 2089–2095.
60. [60] Hassiotou, F., Beltran, A., Chetwynd, E., Stuebe, A.M., Twigger, A.J., Metzger, P., Trengove, N., Lai, C.T., Filgueira, L., Blancafort, P., Breastmilk is a novel source of stem cells with multilineage differentiation potential. Stem Cells 30 (2012), 2164–2174.
61. [61] Rijnkels, M., Elnitski, L., Miller, W., Rosen, J.M., Multispecies comparative analysis of a mammalian-specific genomic domain encoding secretory proteins. Genomics 82 (2003), 417–432.
62. [62] Winklehner-Jennewein, P., Geymayer, S., Lechner, J., Welte, T., Hansson, L., Geley, S., Doppler, W., A distal enhancer region in the human β-casein gene mediates the response to prolactin and glucocorticoid hormones. Gene 217 (1998), 127–139.
63. [63] Rosen, J.M., Wyszomierski, S.L., Hadsell, D., Regulation of milk protein gene expression. Annu. Rev. Nutr. 19 (1999), 407–436.
64. [64] Kabotyanski, E.B., Rijnkels, M., Freeman-Zadrowski, C., Buser, A.C., Edwards, D.P., Rosen, J.M., Lactogenic hormonal induction of long distance interactions between β-casein gene regulatory elements. J. Biol. Chem. 284 (2009), 22815–22824.
65. [65] Rijnkels, M., Kabotyanski, E., Montazer-Torbati, M.B., Beauvais, C.H., Vassetzky, Y., Rosen, J.M., Devinoy, E., The epigenetic landscape of mammary gland development and functional differentiation. J. Mammary Gland Biol. Neoplasia 15 (2010), 85–100.
66. [66] Rijnkels, M., Kabotyanski, E., Shore, A., Rosen, J.M., The chromatin landscape of the casein gene locus. Horm. Mol. Biol. Clin. Invest. 10 (2012), 201–205.
67. [67] Bauknecht, T., See, R.H., Shi, Y., A novel C/EBP beta-YY1 complex controls the cell-type-specific activity of the human papillomavirus type 18 upstream regulatory region. J. Virol. 70 (1996), 7695–7705.
68. [68] Meier, V.S., Groner, B., The nuclear factor YY1 participates in repression of the beta-casein gene promoter in mammary epithelial cells and is counteracted by mammary gland factor during lactogenic hormone induction. Mol. Cell. Biol. 14 (1994), 128–137.
69. [69] Yang, W.-M., Yao, Y.-L., Sun, J.-M., Davie, J.R., Seto, E., Isolation and characterization of cDNAs corresponding to an additional member of the human histone deacetylase gene family. J. Biol. Chem. 272 (1997), 28001–28007.
70. [70] Kabotyanski, E.B., Huetter, M., Xian, W., Rijnkels, M., Rosen, J.M., Integration of prolactin and glucocorticoid signaling at the β-casein promoter and enhancer by ordered recruitment of specific transcription factors and chromatin modifiers. Mol. Endocrinol. 20 (2006), 2355–2368.
71. [71] Buser, A.C., Obr, A.E., Kabotyanski, E.B., Grimm, S.L., Rosen, J.M., Edwards, D.P., Progesterone receptor directly inhibits β-casein gene transcription in mammary epithelial cells through promoting promoter and enhancer repressive chromatin modifications. Mol. Endocrinol. 25 (2011), 955–968.
72. [72] Pfitzner, E., Jahne, R., Wissler, M., Stoecklin, E., Groner, B., p300/CREB-binding protein enhances the prolactin-mediated transcriptional induction through direct interaction with the transactivation domain of Stat5, but does not participate in the Stat5-mediated suppression of the glucocorticoid response. Mol. Endocrinol. 12 (1998), 1582–1593.
73. [73] Inman, C.K., Li, N., Shore, P., Oct-1 counteracts autoinhibition of Runx2 DNA binding to form a novel Runx2/Oct-1 complex on the promoter of the mammary gland-specific gene β-casein. Mol. Cell. Biol. 25 (2005), 3182–3193.
74. [74] Buser, A.C., Gass-Handel, E.K., Wyszomierski, S.L., Doppler, W., Leonhardt, S.A., Schaack, J., Rosen, J.M., Watkin, H., Anderson, S.M., Edwards, D.P., Progesterone receptor repression of prolactin/signal transducer and activator of transcription 5-mediated transcription of the β-casein gene in mammary epithelial cells. Mol. Endocrinol. 21 (2007), 106–125.
75. [75] Préfontaine, G.G., Walther, R., Giffin, W., Lemieux, M.E., Pope, L., Haché, R.J., Selective binding of steroid hormone receptors to octamer transcription factors determines transcriptional synergism at the mouse mammary tumor virus promoter. J. Biol. Chem. 274 (1999), 26713–26719.
76. [76] Åstrand, C., Belikov, S., Wrange, Ö., Histone acetylation characterizes chromatin presetting by NF1 and Oct1 and enhances glucocorticoid receptor binding to the MMTV promoter. Exp. Cell Res. 315 (2009), 2604–2615.
77. [77] Bernstein, B.E., Mikkelsen, T.S., Xie, X., Kamal, M., Huebert, D.J., Cuff, J., Fry, B., Meissner, A., Wernig, M., Plath, K., A bivalent chromatin structure marks key developmental genes in embryonic stem cells. Cell 125 (2006), 315–326.
78. [78] Chen, X., Xu, H., Yuan, P., Fang, F., Huss, M., Vega, V.B., Wong, E., Orlov, Y.L., Zhang, W., Jiang, J., Integration of external signaling pathways with the core transcriptional network in embryonic stem cells. Cell 133 (2008), 1106–1117.
79. [79] Yeap, L.-S., Hayashi, K., Surani, M.A., ERG-associated protein with SET domain (ESET)-Oct4 interaction regulates pluripotency and represses the trophectoderm lineage. Epigenetics Chromatin, 2, 2009, 12.
80. [80] Yuan, P., Han, J., Guo, G., Orlov, Y.L., Huss, M., Loh, Y.-H., Yaw, L.-P., Robson, P., Lim, B., Ng, H.-H., Eset partners with Oct4 to restrict extraembryonic trophoblast lineage potential in embryonic stem cells. Genes Dev. 23 (2009), 2507–2520.
81. [81] Whitmarsh, A., Davis, R., Regulation of transcription factor function by phosphorylation. Cell. Mol. Life Sci. 57 (2000), 1172–1183.
82. [82] Holmberg, C.I., Tran, S.E., Eriksson, J.E., Sistonen, L., Multisite phosphorylation provides sophisticated regulation of transcription factors. Trends Biochem. Sci. 27 (2002), 619–627.
83. [83] Wang, V.E., Tantin, D., Chen, J., Sharp, P.A., B cell development and immunoglobulin transcription in Oct-1-deficient mice. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. 101 (2004), 2005–2010.
84. [84] Verrijzer, C.P., van Oosterhout, J., van der Vliet, P.C., The Oct-1 POU domain mediates interactions between Oct-1 and other POU proteins. Mol. Cell. Biol. 12 (1992), 542–551.
85. [85] Watson, C.J., Khaled, W.T., Mammary development in the embryo and adult: a journey of morphogenesis and commitment. Development 135 (2008), 995–1003.
86. [86] Kumar, R., Vadlamudi, R., Adam, L., Apoptosis in mammary gland and cancer. Endocr. Relat. Cancer 7 (2000), 257–269.
87. [87] Marti, A., Lazar, H., Ritter, P., Jaggi, R., Transcription factor activities and gene expression during mouse mammary gland involution. J. Mammary Gland Biol. Neoplasia 4 (1999), 145–152.
88. [88] Marti, A., Jehn, B., Costello, E., Keon, N., Ke, G., Martin, F., Jaggi, R., Protein kinase A and AP-1 (c-Fos/JunD) are induced during apoptosis of mouse mammary epithelial cells. Oncogene 9 (1994), 1213–1223.
89. [89] Jaggi, R., Marti, A., Guo, K., Feng, Z., Friis, R.R., Regulation of a physiological apoptosis: mouse mammary involution. J. Dairy Sci. 79 (1996), 1074–1084.
90. [90] Chen, T.C., Hinton, D.R., Zidovetzki, R., Hofman, F.M., Up-regulation of the cAMP/PKA pathway inhibits proliferation, induces differentiation, and leads to apoptosis in malignant gliomas. Lab. Investig. 78 (1998), 165–174.
91. [91] Shi, Y., Desponts, C., Do, J.T., Hahm, H.S., Schöler, H.R., Ding, S., Induction of pluripotent stem cells from mouse embryonic fibroblasts by Oct4 and Klf4 with small-molecule compounds. Cell Stem Cell 3 (2008), 568–574.
92. [92] Roy, S., Gascard, P., Dumont, N., Zhao, J., Pan, D., Petrie, S., Margeta, M., Tlsty, T.D., Rare somatic cells from human breast tissue exhibit extensive lineage plasticity. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. 110 (2013), 4598–4603.
93. [93] Wang, P., Branch, D., Bali, M., Schultz, G., Goss, P., Jin, T., The POU homeodomain protein OCT3 as a potential transcriptional activator for fibroblast growth factor-4 (FGF-4) in human breast cancer cells. Biochem. J. 375 (2003), 199–205.
94. [94] Beltran, A.S., Rivenbark, A.G., Richardson, B.T., Yuan, X., Quian, H., Hunt, J.P., Zimmerman, E., Graves, L.M., Blancafort, P., Generation of tumor-initiating cells by exogenous delivery of OCT4 transcription factor. Breast Cancer Res., 13, 2011, R94.
95. [95] McLeskey, S.W., Kurebayashi, J., Honig, S.F., Zwiebel, J., Lippman, M.E., Dickson, R.B., Kern, F.G., Fibroblast growth factor 4 transfection of MCF-7 cells produces cell lines that are tumorigenic and metastatic in ovariectomized or tamoxifen-treated athymic nude mice. Cancer Res. 53 (1993), 2168–2177.
96. [96] Wang, D., Lu, P., Zhang, H., Luo, M., Zhang, X., Wei, X., Gao, J., Zhao, Z., Liu, C., Oct-4 and nanog promote the epithelial-mesenchymal transition of breast cancer stem cells and are associated with poor prognosis in breast cancer patients. Oncotarget 5 (2014), 10803–10815.
97. [97] Cotsarelis, G., Sun, T.-T., Lavker, R.M., Label-retaining cells reside in the bulge area of pilosebaceous unit: implications for follicular stem cells, hair cycle, and skin carcinogenesis. Cell 61 (1990), 1329–1337.
98. [98] Hu, T., Liu, S., Breiter, D.R., Wang, F., Tang, Y., Sun, S., Octamer 4 small interfering RNA results in cancer stem cell–like cell apoptosis. Cancer Res. 68 (2008), 6533–6540.
99. [99] Ponti, D., Costa, A., Zaffaroni, N., Pratesi, G., Petrangolini, G., Coradini, D., Pilotti, S., Pierotti, M.A., Daidone, M.G., Isolation and in vitro propagation of tumorigenic breast cancer cells with stem/progenitor cell properties. Cancer Res. 65 (2005), 5506–5511.
100. [100] Pain, D., Chirn, G.-W., Strassel, C., Kemp, D.M., Multiple retropseudogenes from pluripotent cell-specific gene expression indicates a potential signature for novel gene identification. J. Biol. Chem. 280 (2005), 6265–6268.
101. [101] Suo, G., Han, J., Wang, X., Zhang, J., Zhao, Y., Zhao, Y., Dai, J., Oct4 pseudogenes are transcribed in cancers. Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 337 (2005), 1047–1051.
102. [102] Takeda, J., Seino, S., Bell, G.I., Human Oct3 gene family: cDNA sequences, alternative splicing, gene organization, chromosomal location, and expression at low levels in adult tissues. Nucleic Acids Res. 20 (1992), 4613–4620.
103. [103] Maddox, J., Shakya, A., South, S., Shelton, D., Andersen, J.N., Chidester, S., Kang, J., Gligorich, K.M., Jones, D.A., Spangrude, G.J., Transcription factor Oct1 is a somatic and cancer stem cell determinant. PLoS Genet., 8, 2012, e1003048.