Aging of Zerovalent Iron in Synthetic Groundwater: X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy Depth Profiling Characterization and Depassivation with Uniform Magnetic Field

Environmental Science and Technology

Volumn 50, Issue 15, 2016, Pages 8214-8222

  Xu, Hanyang ^a   Sun, Yuankui ^b   Li, Jinxiang ^a   Li, Fengmin ^c   Guan, Xiaohong ^a  

^a TONGJI UNIVERSITY   (China)

^b XI'AN UNIVERSITY OF ARCHITECTURE AND TECHNOLOGY   (China)

^c OCEAN UNIVERSITY OF CHINA   (China)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

DEPTH PROFILING; FILM PREPARATION; GROUNDWATER; IRON; IRON ANALYSIS; MAGNETIC FIELDS; PHOTOELECTRONS; PHOTONS; SCANNING ELECTRON MICROSCOPY;

DEPASSIVATION; PASSIVE FILMS; PASSIVE LAYER; SYNTHETIC GROUNDWATER; THIN LAYERS; UNIFORM MAGNETIC FIELDS; ZERO-VALENT IRON;

X RAY PHOTOELECTRON SPECTROSCOPY;

AGED ZEROVALENT IRON; GROUND WATER; IRON; IRON OXIDE; OXYGEN; SELENIUM; UNCLASSIFIED DRUG; FERRIC ION; WATER POLLUTANT;

DEPTH DETERMINATION; GROUNDWATER; IRON; MAGNETIC FIELD; OZONE; REDUCTION; X-RAY SPECTROSCOPY;

ARTICLE; CORROSION; KINETICS; MAGNETIC FIELD; OXIDATION; PH; RAMAN SPECTROMETRY; RATE CONSTANT; SCANNING ELECTRON MICROSCOPY; SOLID; SURFACE AREA; SURFACE PROPERTY; SYNTHESIS; VELOCITY; X RAY PHOTOELECTRON SPECTROSCOPY; CHEMISTRY; WATER POLLUTANT;

FERRIC COMPOUNDS; GROUNDWATER; IRON; MAGNETIC FIELDS; PHOTOELECTRON SPECTROSCOPY; WATER POLLUTANTS, CHEMICAL;

EID: 84982705814     PISSN: 0013936X     EISSN: 15205851     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.6b01763     Document Type: Article

References (52)

1. Guan, X. H.; Sun, Y. K.; Qin, H. J.; Li, J. X.; Lo, I. M.; He, D.; Dong, H. R. The limitations of applying zero-valent iron technology in contaminants sequestration and the corresponding countermeasures: The development in zero-valent iron technology in the last two decades (1994-2014) Water Res. 2015, 75, 224-248 10.1016/j.watres.2015.02.034
2. 2+ ions removal by coupling a weak magnetic field with zero valent iron J. Hazard. Mater. 2015, 283, 880-887 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2014.10.044
3. Sarathy, V.; Tratnyek, P. G.; Nurmi, J. T.; Baer, D. R.; Amonette, J. E.; Chun, C. L.; Penn, R. L.; Reardon, E. J. Aging of iron nanoparticles in aqueous solution: Effects on structure and reactivity J. Phys. Chem. C 2008, 112 (7) 2286-2293 10.1021/jp0777418
4. Roh, Y.; Lee, S. Y.; Elless, M. P. Characterization of corrosion products in the permeable reactive barriers Environ. Geol. 2000, 40 (1-2) 184-194 10.1007/s002540000178
5. Phillips, D. H.; Gu, B.; Watson, D. B.; Roh, Y.; Liang, L.; Lee, S. Y. Performance evaluation of a zerovalent iron reactive barrier: Mineralogical characteristics Environ. Sci. Technol. 2000, 34 (19) 4169-4176 10.1021/es001005z
6. Neumann, A.; Kaegi, R.; Voegelin, A.; Hussam, A.; Munir, A. K.; Hug, S. J. Arsenic removal with composite iron matrix filters in Bangladesh: A field and laboratory study Environ. Sci. Technol. 2013, 47 (9) 4544-54 10.1021/es305176x
7. Liang, L. P.; Guan, X. H.; Shi, Z.; Li, J. L.; Wu, Y. N.; Tratnyek, P. G. Coupled effects of aging and weak magnetic fields on sequestration of selenite by zero-valent iron Environ. Sci. Technol. 2014, 48 (11) 6326-6334 10.1021/es500958b
8. Sun, Y.; Guan, X.; Wang, J.; Meng, X.; Xu, C.; Zhou, G. Effect of weak magnetic field on arsenate and arsenite removal from water by zerovalent iron: an XAFS investigation Environ. Sci. Technol. 2014, 48 (12) 6850-6858 10.1021/es5003956
9. Li, J. L.; Bao, H. L.; Xiong, X. M.; Sun, Y. K.; Guan, X. H. Effective Sb(V) immobilization from water by zero-valent iron with weak magnetic field Sep. Purif. Technol. 2015, 151, 276-283 10.1016/j.seppur.2015.07.056
10. Xie, Y.; Cwiertny, D. M. Use of dithionite to extend the reactive lifetime of nanoscale zero-valent iron treatment systems Environ. Sci. Technol. 2010, 44 (22) 8649-8655 10.1021/es102451t
11. Turcio-Ortega, D.; Fan, D.; Tratnyek, P. G.; Kim, E. J.; Chang, Y. S. Reactivity of Fe/FeS nanoparticles: Electrolyte composition effects on corrosion electrochemistry Environ. Sci. Technol. 2012, 46 (22) 12484-92 10.1021/es303422w
12. Lu, X.; Li, M.; Tang, C. M.; Feng, C. P.; Liu, X. Electrochemical depassivation for recovering Fe-0 reactivity by Cr(VI) removal with a permeable reactive barrier system J. Hazard. Mater. 2012, 213-214, 355-360 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2012.02.007
13. Flury, B.; Frommer, J.; Eggenberger, U.; Mader, U.; Nachtegaal, M.; Kretzschmar, R. Assessment of long-term performance and chromate reduction mechanisms in a field scale permeable reactive barrier Environ. Sci. Technol. 2009, 43 (17) 6786-6792 10.1021/es803526g
14. Chen, L.; Jin, S.; Fallgren, P. H.; Swoboda-Colberg, N. G.; Liu, F.; Colberg, P. J. S. Electrochemical depassivation of zero-valent iron for trichloroethene reduction J. Hazard. Mater. 2012, 239-240, 265-269 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2012.08.074
15. 0 by Ferrous Ions: Implications to Contaminant Degradation Environ. Sci. Technol. 2013, 47 (23) 13712-13720 10.1021/es403709v
16. 0 by Inorganic Salts: Implications to Contaminant Degradation in Seawater Environ. Sci. Technol. 2013, 47 (13) 7350-7356 10.1021/es400362w
17. 0 by divalent cations: Correlation between contaminant degradation and surface complexation constants Environ. Sci. Technol. 2014, 48 (24) 14564-14571 10.1021/es503777a
18. Xu, C.; Zhang, B.; Zhu, L.; Lin, S.; Sun, X.; Jiang, Z.; Tratnyek, P. G. Sequestration of antimonite by zerovalent iron: Using weak magnetic field effects to enhance performance and characterize reaction mechanisms Environ. Sci. Technol. 2016, 50 (3) 1483-1491 10.1021/acs.est.5b05360
19. Furukawa, Y.; Kim, J. W.; Watkins, J.; Wilkin, R. T. Formation of ferrihydrite and associated iron corrosion products in permeable reactive barriers of zero-valent iron Environ. Sci. Technol. 2002, 36 (24) 5469-5475 10.1021/es025533h
20. 2+ synergetic system Appl. Catal., B 2016, 184, 320-327 10.1016/j.apcatb.2015.11.045
21. Yoon, I.-H.; Kim, K.-W.; Bang, S.; Kim, M. G. Reduction and adsorption mechanisms of selenate by zero-valent iron and related iron corrosion Appl. Catal., B 2011, 104 (1) 185-192 10.1016/j.apcatb.2011.02.014
22. Klas, S.; Kirk, D. W. Understanding the positive effects of low pH and limited aeration on selenate removal from water by elemental iron Sep. Purif. Technol. 2013, 116, 222-229 10.1016/j.seppur.2013.05.044
23. Liang, L.; Sun, W.; Guan, X.; Huang, Y.; Choi, W.; Bao, H.; Li, L.; Jiang, Z. Weak magnetic field significantly enhances selenite removal kinetics by zero valent iron Water Res. 2014, 49, 371-380 10.1016/j.watres.2013.10.026
24. Xie, Y.; Cwiertny, D. M. Influence of anionic cosolutes and pH on nanoscale zerovalent iron longevity: Time scales and mechanisms of reactivity loss toward 1, 1, 1, 2-tetrachloroethane and Cr (VI) Environ. Sci. Technol. 2012, 46 (15) 8365-8373 10.1021/es301753u
25. Maiti, A.; Basu, J. K.; De, S. Experimental and kinetic modeling of As(V) and As(III) adsorption on treated laterite using synthetic and contaminated groundwater: Effects of phosphate, silicate and carbonate ions Chem. Eng. J. 2012, 191, 1-12 10.1016/j.cej.2010.01.031
26. Han, Y. L.; Yan, W. L. Bimetallic nickel-iron nanoparticles for groundwater decontamination: Effect of groundwater constituents on surface deactivation Water Res. 2014, 66, 149-159 10.1016/j.watres.2014.08.001
27. Ciardelli, M. C.; Xu, H. F.; Sahai, N. Role of Fe(II), phosphate, silicate, sulfate, and carbonate in arsenic uptake by coprecipitation in synthetic and natural groundwater Water Res. 2008, 42 (3) 615-624 10.1016/j.watres.2007.08.011
28. Salter-Blanc, A. J.; Tratnyek, P. G. Effects of solution chemistry on the dechlorination of 1,2,3-trichloropropane by zero-valent zinc Environ. Sci. Technol. 2011, 45 (9) 4073-4079 10.1021/es104081p
29. Le, C.; Wu, J. H.; Deng, S. B.; Li, P.; Wang, X. D.; Zhu, N. W.; Wu, P. X. Effects of common dissolved anions on the reduction of para-chloronitrobenzene by zero-valent iron in groundwater Water Sci. Technol. 2011, 63 (7) 1485-1490 10.2166/wst.2011.392
30. Sueptitz, R.; Tschulik, K.; Uhlemann, M.; Schultz, L.; Gebert, A. Effect of high gradient magnetic fields on the anodic behaviour and localized corrosion of iron in sulphuric acid solutions Corros. Sci. 2011, 53 (10) 3222-3230 10.1016/j.corsci.2011.05.070
31. Lewin, E.; Gorgoi, M.; Schafers, F.; Svensson, S.; Jansson, U. Influence of sputter damage on the XPS analysis of metastable nanocomposite coatings Surf. Coat. Technol. 2009, 204 (4) 455-462 10.1016/j.surfcoat.2009.08.006
32. Ghods, P.; Isgor, O. B.; Brown, J. R.; Bensebaa, F.; Kingston, D. XPS depth profiling study on the passive oxide film of carbon steel in saturated calcium hydroxide solution and the effect of chloride on the film properties Appl. Surf. Sci. 2011, 257 (10) 4669-4677 10.1016/j.apsusc.2010.12.120
33. Bhargava, G.; Gouzman, I.; Chun, C. M.; Ramanarayanan, T. A.; Bernasek, S. L. Characterization of the ″native″ surface thin film on pure polycrystalline iron: A high resolution XPS and TEM study Appl. Surf. Sci. 2007, 253 (9) 4322-4329 10.1016/j.apsusc.2006.09.047
34. Graat, P. C. J.; Somers, M. A. J. Simultaneous determination of composition and thickness of thin iron-oxide films from XPS Fe 2p spectra Appl. Surf. Sci. 1996, 100-101, 36-40 10.1016/0169-4332(96)00252-8
35. Zhang, Y. L.; Su, Y. M.; Zhou, X. F.; Dai, C. M.; Keller, A. A. A new insight on the core-shell structure of zerovalent iron nanoparticles and its application for Pb(II) sequestration J. Hazard. Mater. 2013, 263, 685-693 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2013.10.031
36. 3+ ions in oxide materials Appl. Surf. Sci. 2008, 254 (8) 2441-2449 10.1016/j.apsusc.2007.09.063
37. Scherer, M. M.; Johnson, K. M.; Westall, J. C.; Tratnyek, P. G. Mass transport effects on the kinetics of nitrobenzene reduction by iron metal Environ. Sci. Technol. 2001, 35 (13) 2804-2811 10.1021/es0016856
38. Nieuwoudt, M. K.; Comins, J. D.; Cukrowski, I. The growth of the passive film on iron in 0.05 M NaOH studied in situ by Raman micro-spectroscopy and electrochemical polarisation. Part I: Near-resonance enhancement of the Raman spectra of iron oxide and oxyhydroxide compounds J. Raman Spectrosc. 2011, 42 (6) 1335-1339 10.1002/jrs.2837
39. Ohtsuka, T. Raman spectra of passive films of iron in neutral borate solution Mater. Trans., JIM 1996, 37 (1) 67-69 10.2320/matertrans1989.37.67
40. Ritter, K.; Odziemkowski, M. S.; Gillham, R. W. An in situ study of the role of surface films on granular iron in the permeable iron wall technology J. Contam. Hydrol. 2002, 55 (1-2) 87-111 10.1016/S0169-7722(01)00187-5
41. Hanesch, M. Raman spectroscopy of iron oxides and (oxy)hydroxides at low laser power and possible applications in environmental magnetic studies Geophys. J. Int. 2009, 177 (3) 941-948 10.1111/j.1365-246X.2009.04122.x
42. Liu, A. R.; Liu, J.; Zhang, W. X. Transformation and composition evolution of nanoscale zero valent iron (nZVI) synthesized by borohydride reduction in static water Chemosphere 2015, 119, 1068-1074 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2014.09.026
43. Oblonsky, L. J.; Devine, T. M. A Surface-enhanced Raman-spectroscopic study of the passive films formed in borate buffer on iron, nickel, chromium and stainless-steel Corros. Sci. 1995, 37 (1) 17-41 10.1016/0010-938X(94)00102-C
44. Ruby, C.; Humbert, B.; Fusy, J. Surface and interface properties of epitaxial iron oxide thin films deposited on MgO(001) studied by XPS and Raman spectroscopy Surf. Interface Anal. 2000, 29 (6) 377-380 10.1002/1096-9918(200006)29:6<377::AID-SIA879>3.3.CO;2-6
45. 2 Surf. Sci. 1999, 442 (3) 329-337 10.1016/S0039-6028(99)01006-7
46. Desai, J. D.; Pathan, H. M.; Min, S. K.; Jung, K. D.; Joo, O. S. FT-IR, XPS and PEC characterization of spray deposited hematite thin films Appl. Surf. Sci. 2005, 252 (5) 1870-1875 10.1016/j.apsusc.2005.03.135
47. Liu, A. R.; Liu, J.; Pan, B. C.; Zhang, W. X. Formation of lepidocrocite (gamma-FeOOH) from oxidation of nanoscale zero-valent iron (nZVI) in oxygenated water RSC Adv. 2014, 4 (101) 57377-57382 10.1039/C4RA08988J
48. 2O systems Environ. Technol. 2008, 29 (8) 909-920 10.1080/09593330802131602
49. Xu, Y.; Schoonen, M. A. A. The absolute energy positions of conduction and valence bands of selected semiconducting minerals Am. Mineral. 2000, 85 (3-4) 543-556 10.2138/am-2000-0416
50. Sherman, D. M. Electronic structures of iron(III) and manganese(IV) (hydr)oxide minerals: Thermodynamics of photochemical reductive dissolution in aquatic environments Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta 2005, 69 (13) 3249-3255 10.1016/j.gca.2005.01.023
51. Reinsch, B. C.; Forsberg, B.; Penn, R. L.; Kim, C. S.; Lowry, G. V. Chemical transformations during aging of zerovalent iron nanoparticles in the presence of common groundwater dissolved constituents Environ. Sci. Technol. 2010, 44 (9) 3455-3461 10.1021/es902924h
52. Liang, L. P.; Yang, W. J.; Guan, X. H.; Li, J.; Xu, Z. J.; Wu, J.; Huang, Y. Y.; Zhang, X. G. Z. Kinetics and mechanisms of pH-dependent selenite removal by zero valent iron Water Res. 2013, 47 (15) 5846-5855 10.1016/j.watres.2013.07.011