Binary toxin and its clinical importance in Clostridium difficile infection, Belgium

European Journal of Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases

Volumn 35, Issue 11, 2016, Pages 1741-1747

  Pilate, T ^a   Verhaegen, J ^a   Van Ranst, M ^a   Saegeman, V ^a  

^a UH Leuven ^*  (Belgium)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

AMINOGLYCOSIDE; BACTERIAL TOXIN; C REACTIVE PROTEIN; CARBAPENEM DERIVATIVE; CEPHALOSPORIN DERIVATIVE; COTRIMOXAZOLE; LINEZOLID; MACROLIDE; PENICILLIN DERIVATIVE; POLYMYXIN; QUINOLONE DERIVATIVE; TETRACYCLINE DERIVATIVE; THIAMPHENICOL; VANCOMYCIN; ACTIN-SPECIFIC ADP-RIBOSYLTRANSFERASE, CLOSTRIDIUM; BACTERIAL PROTEIN; NICOTINAMIDE ADENINE DINUCLEOTIDE ADENOSINE DIPHOSPHATE RIBOSYLTRANSFERASE;

ABDOMINAL SURGERY; ADULT; ALBUMIN BLOOD LEVEL; ANTIBIOTIC THERAPY; ARTICLE; BACTERIAL GENE; BACTERIAL STRAIN; BELGIUM; CANCER CHEMOTHERAPY; CLOSTRIDIUM DIFFICILE INFECTION; CONTROLLED STUDY; DIARRHEA; DISEASE DURATION; FECES ANALYSIS; FEMALE; HUMAN; ILEUS; LEUKOCYTOSIS; MAJOR CLINICAL STUDY; MALE; MORBIDITY; MORTALITY; MORTALITY RATE; PEPTOCLOSTRIDIUM DIFFICILE; POLYMERASE CHAIN REACTION; PRIORITY JOURNAL; RECURRENT DISEASE; RECURRENT INFECTION; RETROSPECTIVE STUDY; TCDC GENE; AGED; CLASSIFICATION; CLOSTRIDIUM INFECTIONS; FECES; GENETICS; METABOLISM; MICROBIOLOGY; MIDDLE AGED; PATHOLOGY; RIBOTYPING; SURVIVAL ANALYSIS;

ADP RIBOSE TRANSFERASES; ADULT; AGED; BACTERIAL PROTEINS; BELGIUM; CLOSTRIDIUM DIFFICILE; CLOSTRIDIUM INFECTIONS; FECES; FEMALE; HUMANS; MALE; MIDDLE AGED; POLYMERASE CHAIN REACTION; RECURRENCE; RETROSPECTIVE STUDIES; RIBOTYPING; SURVIVAL ANALYSIS;

EID: 84978099701     PISSN: 09349723     EISSN: 14354373     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1007/s10096-016-2719-4     Document Type: Article

References (27)

1. Bartlett JG (2006) Narrative review: the new epidemic of Clostridium difficile-associated enteric disease. Ann Intern Med 145:758–764
2. Bartlett JG, Moon N, Chang TW et al (1978) Role of Clostridium difficile in antibiotic-associated pseudomembranous colitis. Gastroenterology 75:778–782
3. Thomas C, Stevenson M, Riley TV (2003) Antibiotics and hospital-acquired Clostridium difficile-associated diarrhoea: a systematic review. J Antimicrob Chemother 51:1339–1350
4. Loo VG, Bourgault AM, Poirier L et al (2011) Host and pathogen factors for Clostridium difficile infection and colonization. N Engl J Med 365:1693–1703
5. Healthcare Commission (2006) Investigation into outbreaks of Clostridium difficile at Stoke Mandeville Hospital, Buckinghamshire Hospitals NHS Trust. Healthcare Commission, London. Available online at: http://www.buckshealthcare.nhs.uk/Downloads/healthcarecommision/HCC-Investigation-into-the-Outbreak-of-Clostridium-Difficile.pdf. Accessed 03 Feb 2015
6. Kuijper EJ, Barbut F, Brazier JS et al (2008) Update of Clostridium difficile infection due to PCR ribotype 027 in Europe, 2008. Euro Surveill 13. pii: 18942
7. Neely F, Catry B, Lambert M-L (2014) Epidemiology of Clostridium difficile infection in Belgium: report 2014. Wetenschappelijk Instituut Volksgezondheid (WIV), Brussels. Available online at: http://www.nsih.be/download/CDIF/CDIF-AR-2014-EN.pdf. Accessed 03 Feb 2015
8. Hensgens MP, Goorhuis A, Notermans DW et al (2009) Decrease of hypervirulent Clostridium difficile PCR ribotype 027 in the Netherlands. Euro Surveill 14. pii: 19402
9. van Dorp SM, Harmanus C, Sanders IM et al (2014) Eighth Annual Report of the National Reference Laboratory for Clostridium difficile and results of the sentinel surveillance: May 2013–May 2014. Center for Infectious Diseases Control (CIb), Bilthoven. Available online at: http://www.rivm.nl/Documenten_en_publicaties/Algemeen_Actueel/Uitgaven/Infectieziekten/CDiffNL/Eighth_Annual_Report_of_the_National_Reference_Laboratory_for_Clostridium_difficile_and_results_of_the_sentinel_surveillance. Accessed 09 May 2015
10. Cloud J, Noddin L, Pressman A et al (2009) Clostridium difficile strain NAP-1 is not associated with severe disease in a nonepidemic setting. Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol 7:868–873.e2
11. Walk ST, Micic D, Jain R et al (2012) Clostridium difficile ribotype does not predict severe infection. Clin Infect Dis 55:1661–1668
12. Carter GP, Rood JI, Lyras D (2012) The role of toxin A and toxin B in the virulence of Clostridium difficile. Trends Microbiol 20:21–29
13. Murray R, Boyd D, Levett PN et al (2009) Truncation in the tcdC region of the Clostridium difficile PathLoc of clinical isolates does not predict increased biological activity of Toxin B or Toxin A. BMC Infect Dis 9:103
14. Cartman ST, Kelly ML, Heeg D et al (2012) Precise manipulation of the Clostridium difficile chromosome reveals a lack of association between the tcdC genotype and toxin production. Appl Environ Microbiol 78:4683–4690
15. Verdoorn BP, Orenstein R, Rosenblatt JE (2010) High prevalence of tcdC deletion-carrying Clostridium difficile and lack of association with disease severity. Diagn Microbiol Infect Dis 66:24–28
16. Gerding DN, Johnson S, Rupnik M et al (2014) Clostridium difficile binary toxin CDT: mechanism, epidemiology, and potential clinical importance. Gut Microbes 5:15–27
17. Stewart DB, Berg A, Hegarty J (2013) Predicting recurrence of C. difficile colitis using bacterial virulence factors: binary toxin is the key. J Gastrointest Surg 17:118–124
18. Bacci S, Mølbak K, Kjeldsen MK et al (2011) Binary toxin and death after Clostridium difficile infection. Emerg Infect Dis 17:976–982
19. Goldenberg SD, French GL (2011) Lack of association of tcdC type and binary toxin status with disease severity and outcome in toxigenic Clostridium difficile. J Infect 62:355–362
20. Barbut F, Rupnik M (2012) Editorial commentary: 027, 078, and others: going beyond the numbers (and away from the hypervirulence). Clin Infect Dis 55:1669–1672
21. Reigadas E, Alcalá L, Marín M et al (2016) Role of binary toxin in the outcome of Clostridium difficile infection in a non-027 ribotype setting. Epidemiol Infect 144:268–273
22. Peach SL, Borriello SP, Gaya H et al (1986) Asymptomatic carriage of Clostridium difficile in patients with cystic fibrosis. J Clin Pathol 39:1013–1018
23. Welkon CJ, Long SS, Thompson CM Jr et al (1985) Clostridium difficile in patients with cystic fibrosis. Am J Dis Child 139:805–808
24. Yahav J, Samra Z, Blau H et al (2006) Helicobacter pylori and Clostridium difficile in cystic fibrosis patients. Dig Dis Sci 51:2274–2279
25. Bauer MP, Farid A, Bakker M et al (2014) Patients with cystic fibrosis have a high carriage rate of non-toxigenic Clostridium difficile. Clin Microbiol Infect 20:O446–O449
26. Shetty N, Wren MW, Coen PG (2011) The role of glutamate dehydrogenase for the detection of Clostridium difficile in faecal samples: a meta-analysis. J Hosp Infect 77:1–6
27. Alasmari F, Seiler SM, Hink T et al (2014) Prevalence and risk factors for asymptomatic Clostridium difficile carriage. Clin Infect Dis 59:216–222