Leucoreduction of blood components: An effective way to increase blood safety?

Blood Transfusion

Volumn 14, Issue 3, 2016, Pages 214-227

  Bianchi, Maria ^a,b   Vaglio, Stefania ^a,c   Pupella, Simonetta ^a   Marano, Giuseppe ^a   Facco, Giuseppina ^a,d   Liumbruno, Giancarlo M ^a   Grazzini, Giuliano ^a  

^a ISTITUTO SUPERIORE DI SANITÀ   (Italy)

^b FONDAZIONE POLICLINICO UNIVERSITARIO A GEMELLI IRCCS   (Italy)

^c SAPIENZA UNIVERSITY OF ROME   (Italy)

^d CITTÀ DELLA SALUTE E DELLA SCIENZA HOSPITAL   (Italy)

Author keywords

Blood Component Transfusion; Cost Effectiveness; Leucocyte Reduction Filtration; Leucocyte Reduction Procedures; Transfusion Reactions.

Indexed keywords

CD40 LIGAND; CHEMOATTRACTANT; HLA ANTIBODY; INTERLEUKIN 1BETA; INTERLEUKIN 6; INTERLEUKIN 8; THROMBOCYTE ANTIGEN; TUMOR NECROSIS FACTOR ALPHA; VIRUS DNA; HLA ANTIGEN;

ACUTE LUNG INJURY; ALLOIMMUNIZATION; APHERESIS; BLOOD; BLOOD COMPONENT; BLOOD SAFETY; BLOOD TRANSFUSION; BLOOD TRANSFUSION REACTION; CLINICAL EFFECTIVENESS; CREUTZFELDT JAKOB DISEASE; CYTOMEGALOVIRUS INFECTION; DISEASE TRANSMISSION; DONOR SELECTION; ERYTHROCYTE TRANSFUSION; EVIDENCE BASED PRACTICE; FEVER; FILTER; HEMATOLOGICAL PROCEDURE; HLA SYSTEM; HOSPITAL COST; HUMAN; HUMAN T CELL LEUKEMIA VIRUS INFECTION; IMMUNIZATION; IMMUNOMODULATION; INTRAUTERINE BLOOD TRANSFUSION; LEUKOCYTE; LEUKOREDUCTION; META ANALYSIS (TOPIC); MICROCHIMERISM; MORTALITY; MULTICENTER STUDY (TOPIC); NATURAL KILLER CELL; NONHUMAN; PATHOGENESIS; PRACTICE GUIDELINE; RANDOMIZED CONTROLLED TRIAL (TOPIC); REDUCTION; REFRACTORY PERIOD; REVIEW; SURVIVAL; THROMBOCYTE TRANSFUSION; TRANSFUSION ASSOCIATED GRAFT VERSUS HOST DISEASE; TREATMENT INDICATION; ULTRAVIOLET B RADIATION; BLOOD COMPONENT THERAPY;

BLOOD COMPONENT TRANSFUSION; BLOOD SAFETY; BLOOD TRANSFUSION; HLA ANTIGENS; HUMANS;

EID: 84977139790     PISSN: 17232007     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.2450/2015.0154-15     Document Type: Review

References (137)

1. Davenport RD, Snyder EL. Cytokines in transfusion medicine: A primer. Bethesda, MD: American Association of Blood Banks; 1997.
2. Fergusson D, Khanna MP, Tinmouth A, Hébert PC. Transfusion of leukoreduced red blood cells may decrease postoperative infections: Two meta-Analyses of randomized controlled trials. Can J Anaesth 2004; 51: 417-24.
3. Blumberg N, Zhao H, Wang H, et al. The intention-To-Treat principle in clinical trials and meta-Analyses of leukoreduced blood transfusions in surgical patients. Transfusion 2007; 47: 573-81.
4. Blajchman MA. The clinical benefits of the leucoreduction of blood products. J Trauma 2006; 60: S83-90.
5. Bilgin YM, van de Watering LM, Brand A. Clinical effects of leucoreduction of blood transfusions. Neth J Med 2011; 69: 441-50.
6. Guyatt G, Schönemann HJ, Cook D, et al. Applying the grades of recommendation for antithrombotic and thrombolytic therapy. Chest 2004; 126: S179-87.
7. Pavenski K, Freedman J, Semple JW. HLA alloimmunization against platelet transfusions: pathophysiology, significance, prevention and management. Tissue Antigens 2012; 79: 237-45.
8. Rebulla P. A mini-review on platelet refractoriness. Haematologica 2005; 90: 247-53.
9. Claas FH, Smeenk RJ, Schmidt R, et al. Alloimmunization against MHC antigens after platelet transfusions is due to contaminating leukocytes in the platelet suspension. Exp Hematol 1981; 9: 84-9.
10. Brand A, Claas FHJ, Voogt PJ, et al. Alloimmunization after leukocyte-depleted multiple random donor platelet transfusions. Vox Sang 1988; 54: 160-6.
11. Oksanen K, Kekomaki R, Ruutu T, et al. Prevention of alloimmunization in patients with acute leukemia by use of white cell reduced blood components-A randomized trial. Transfusion 1991; 31: 588-94.
12. van Marwijk Kooy M, van Prooijen HC, Moes M, et al. The use of leukocyte-depleted platelet concentrates for the prevention of refractoriness and primary HLA alloimmunization: A prospective, randomized trial. Blood 1991; 77: 201-5.
13. Williamson LM, Wimperis JZ, Williamson P. Bedside filtration of blood products in the prevention of HLA alloimmunization-A prospective randomized study: Alloimmunization Study Group. Blood 1994; 83: 3028-35.
14. Leukocytes reduction and ultraviolet B irradiation of platelets to prevent alloimmunization and refractoriness to platelet transfusions. The Trial to Reduce Alloimmunization to Platelets Study Group. N Engl J Med 1997; 337: 1861-9.
15. Vamvakas EC. Meta-Analysis of randomized controlled trials of the efficacy of white cell reduction in preventing HLA-Alloimmunization and refractoriness to random-donor platelet transfusions. Transfus Med Rev 1998; 12: 258-70.
16. Slichter SJ, Davis K, Enright H, et al. Factors affecting post-Transfusion platelet increments, platelet refractoriness, and platelet transfusion intervals in thrombocytopenic patients. Blood 2005; 105: 4106-14.
17. Jackman RP, Deng X, Bolgiano D, et al. Leucoreduction and ultraviolet treatment reduce both the magnitude and the duration of the HLA antibody response. Transfusion 2014; 54: 672-80.
18. Jackman RP, Utter GH, Muench MO, et al Distinct roles of trauma and transfusion in induction of immune modulation after injury. Transfusion 2012; 52: 2533-50.
19. Stevens CE, Aach RD, Hollinger FB, et al. Hepatitis B virus antibody in blood donors and the occurrence of non-A, non-B hepatitis in transfusion recipients. An analysis of the Transfusion-Transmitted Viruses Study. Ann Intern Med 1984; 101: 733-8.
20. Mosley JW, Operskalski EA, Tobler LH, et al. The course of hepatitis C viraemia in transfusion recipients prior to availability of antiviral therapy. J Viral Hepat 2008; 15: 120-8.
21. Sanchez R, Lee TH, Wen L, et al Absence of transfusion-Associated microchimerism in paediatric and adult recipients of leukoreduced and gamma-irradiated blood components. Transfusion 2012; 52: 936-45.
22. Vassallo RR. Recognition and management of antibodies to human platelet antigens in platelet transfusion-refractory patients. Immunohematology 2009; 25: 119-24.
23. Nahirniak S, Slichter SJ, Tanael S, et al; International Collaboration for Transfusion Medicine Guidelines. Guidance on platelet transfusion for patients with hypoproliferative thrombocytopenia. Transfus Med Rev 2015; 29: 3-13.
24. Pass RF. Cytomegalovirus. In: Fields BN, Knipe DM, editors. Fields Virology. 4th ed. Philadelphia, PA: Lippincott-Williams and Wilkins; 2001. p. 2675-705
25. Boeckh M, Nichols WG. The impact of cytomegalovirus serostatus of donor and recipient before hematopoietic stem cell transplantation in the era of antiviral prophylaxis and preemptive therapy. Blood 2004; 103: 2003-8.
26. [No authors listed] Transfusion-Transmitted CMV infections. Clinical importance and means of prevention? Vox Sang 1984; 46: 387-414.
27. Blajchman MA, Goldman M, Freedman JJ, Sher GD. Proceedings of a consensus conference: prevention of post-Transfusion CMV in the era of universal leucoreduction. Transfus Med Rev 2001; 15: 1-20.
28. Bowden RA, Slichter SJ, Sayers M, et al. A comparison of filtered leukocyte-reduced and cytomegalovirus (CMV) seronegative blood products for the prevention of transfusion-Associated CMV infection after marrow transplantation. Blood 1995; 86: 3598-603.
29. Nichols WG, Price TH, Gooley T, et al Transfusion transmitted cytomegalovirus infection after receipt of leukoleucoreduced blood products. Blood 2003; 101: 4195-200.
30. Ljungman P. Risk of cytomegalovirus transmission by blood products to immunocompromised patients and means for reduction. Br J Haematol 2004; 125: 107-16.
31. Vamvakas EC. Is white blood cell reduction equivalent to antibody screening in preventing transmission of cytomegalovirus by transfusion? A review of the literature and meta-Analysis. Transfus Med Rev 2005; 19: 181-99.
32. Narvios AB, de Lima M, Shah H, et al. Transfusion of leukoreduced cellular blood components from cytomegalovirus-unscreened donors in allogeneic hematopoietic transplantrecipients: Analysis of 72 recipients. Bone Marrow Transplant 2005; 36: 499-501.
33. Nash T, Hoffmann S, Butch S, et al. Safety of leukoreduced, cytomegalovirus (CMV)-untested components in CMV-negative allogeneic human progenitor cell transplant recipients. Transfusion 2012; 52: 2270-2.
34. Kekre N, Tokessy M, Mallick R, et al. Is cytomegalovirus testing of blood products still needed for hematopoietic stem cell transplant recipients in the era of universal leucoreduction? Biol Blood Marrow Transplant 2013; 19: 1719-24.
35. Ratko TA, Cummings JP, Oberman HA, et al. Evidence-based recommendations for the use of WBC-reduced cellular blood components. Transfusion 2001; 41: 1310-9.
36. Lieberman L, Devine DV, Reesink HW, et al. Prevention of transfusion-Transmitted cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection: standards of care. Vox Sang 2014; 107: 276-311.
37. Wu Y, Zou S, Cable R, et al. Direct assessment of cytomegalovirus transfusion-Transmitted risks after universal leucoreduction. Transfusion 2010; 50: 776-8.
38. Ziemann M, Krueger S, Maier AB, et al. High prevalence of cytomegalovirus DNA in plasma samples of blood donors in connection with seroconversion. Transfusion 2007; 47: 1972-83.
39. Ziemman M, Heuft H-G, Frank K, et al. Window period donations during primary cytomegalovirus infection and risk of transfusion-Transmitted infection. Transfusion 2013; 53: 1088-94.
40. Roback JD, Josephson CD. New insights for preventing transfusion transmitted cytomegalovirus and other white blood cell-Associated viral infections. Transfusion 2013; 53: 2112-6.
41. Ziemann M, Hennig H. Prevention of transfusion-Transmitted cytomegalovirus infections: which is the optimal strategy? Transfus Med Hemother 2014; 41: 40-4.
42. Laupacis A, Brown J, Costello B, et al. Prevention of post-Transfusion CMV in the era of universal WBC reduction: A consensus statement. Transfusion 2001; 41: 560-9.
43. Smith D, Lu Q, Yuan S, Goldfinger D, et al Survey of current practice for prevention of transfusion-Transmitted cytomegalovirus in the United States: leucoreduction vs. cytomegalovirus-seronegative. Vox Sang 2010; 98: 29-36.
44. Zwicky C, Tissot JD, Mazouni ZT, et al. [Prevention of post-Transfusion cytomegalovirus infection: recommendations for clinical practice]. Schweiz Med Wochenschr 1999; 129: 1061-6. [In French.]
45. Girelli G, Antoncecchi S, Casadei AM et al. Recommendations for transfusion therapy in neonatology. Blood Transfus 2015; 13: 484-97.
46. Liumbruno G, Bennardello F, Lattanzio A, et al. Recommendations for the transfusion of red blood cells. Blood Transfus 2009; 7: 49-64.
47. Visconti MR, Pennington J, Garner SF, et al. Assessment of removal of human cytomegalovirus from blood components by leukocyte depletion filters using realtime quantitative PCR. Blood 2004; 103: 1137-9.
48. Zanghellini F, Boppana SB, Emery VC, et al. Asymptomatic primary cytomegalovirus infection: virologic and immunologic features. J Infect Dis 1999; 180: 702-7.
49. Josephson CD, Castillejo MI, Caliendo AM, et al. Prevention of transfusion-Transmitted cytomegalovirus in low-birth weight infants (≤1500 g) using cytomegalovirus-seronegative and leukoreduced transfusions. Transfus Med Rev 2011; 25: 125-32.
50. Seed CR, Wong J, Polizzotto MN, et al. The residual risk of transfusion-Transmitted cytomegalovirus infection associated with leucodepleted blood components. Vox Sang 2015; 109: 11-7.
51. Heddle NM, Kleton JG. Nonhemolytic transfusion reactions. In: Popovsky MA, editor. Transfusion Reactions. 2nd ed. Bethesda, MD: AABB press; 2001. p. 45-82.
52. Heddle NM. Pathophisiology of febrile nonhemolytic transfusion reactions. Curr Opin Hematol 1999; 6: 420-6.
53. Sahler J, Spinelli S, Phipps R, et al. CD40 ligand (CD154) involvement in platelet transfusion reactions. Transfus Clin Biol 2012; 19: 98-103.
54. Paglino JC, Pomper GJ, Fisch GS, et al. Reduction of febrile but not allergic reactions to RBCs and platelets after conversion to universal prestorage leucoreduction. Transfusion 2004; 44: 16-24.
55. King KE, Shirey RS, Thoman SK, et al Universal leucoreduction decreases the incidence of febrile non hemolytic transfusion reactions to RBCs. Transfusion 2004; 44: 25-9.
56. Yazer MH, Podlosky L, Clarke G, et al. The effect of prestorage WBC reduction on the rates of febrile non hemolytic transfusion reactions to platelet concentrates and RBC. Transfusion 2004; 44: 10-5.
57. Wang RR, Triulzi DJ, Qu L. Effects of prestorage vs poststorage leucoreduction on the rate of febrile nonhemolytic transfusion reactions to platelets. Am J Clin Pathol 2012; 138: 255-9.
58. Heddle NM, Blajchman MA, Meyer RM, et al. A randomized controlled trial comparing the frequency of acute reactions to plasma-removed platelets and prestorage WBC-reduced platelets. Transfusion 2002; 42: 556-66.
59. Lannan KL, Sahler J, Spinelli SL, et al. Transfusion immunomodulation-The case for leukoreduced and (perhaps) washed transfusions. Blood Cells Mol Dis 2013; 50: 61-8.
60. Refaai MA, Blumberg N. Expert transfusion immunomodulation from a clinical perspective: An update. Rev Hematol 2013; 6: 653-63.
61. Buddeberg F, Schimmer BB, Spahn DR. Transfusion-Transmissible infections and transfusion-related immunomodulation. Best Pract Res Clin Anaesthesiol 2008; 22: 503-17.
62. Blajchman MA. Transfusion immunomodulation or TRIM: what does it mean clinically? Hematology 2005; 10 (Suppl 1) : 208-14.
63. Vamvakas EC, Blajchman MA. Transfusion-related immunomodulation (TRIM) : An update. Blood Rev 2007; 21: 327-48.
64. Fox LM, Cox DG, Lockridge JL, et al. Recognition of lysophospholipids by human natural killer T lymphocytes. PLoS Biol 2009; 7: e1000228.
65. Jin Y, Damaj BB, Maghazachi AA. Human resting CD162, CD16+ and IL-2-, IL-12-, IL-15-or IFN-Alpha-Activated natural killer cells differentially respond to sphingosylphosphorylcholine, lysophosphatidylcholine and platelet-Activating factor. Eur J Immunol 2005; 35: 2699-708.
66. Coutant F, Perrin-Cocon L, Agaugue S, et al. Mature dendritic cell generation promoted by lysophosphatidylcholine. J Immunol 2002; 169: 1688-95.
67. Olofsson KE, Andersson L, Nilsson J, Bjorkbacka H. Nanomolar concentrations of lysophosphatidylcholine recruit monocytes and induce pro-inflammatory cytokine production in macrophages. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2008; 370: 348-52.
68. Jacobi KE, Wanke C, Jacobi A, et al. Determination of eicosanoid and cytokine production in salvaged blood, stored red blood cell concentrates, and whole blood. J Clin Anesth 2000; 12: 94-9.
69. Vamvakas EC. Meta-Analysis of randomized controlled trials investigating the risk of postoperative infection in association with white blood cell-containing allogeneic blood transfusion: The effects of the type of transfused red blood cell product and surgical setting. Transfus Med Rev 2002; 16: 304-14.
70. Vamvakas EC. Pneumonia as a complication of blood product transfusion in the critically ill: Transfusion-related immunomodulation (TRIM) . Crit Care Med 2006; 34 (5 Suppl) : S151-9.
71. van Hilten JA, van de Watering LM, van Bockel JH, et al. Effects of transfusion with red cells filtered to remove leucocytes: randomised controlled trial in patients undergoing major surgery. BMJ 2004; 328: 1281.
72. Bilgin YM, Brand A. Transfusion-related immunomodulation: A second hit in an inflammatory cascade? Vox Sang 2008; 95: 261-71.
73. Warren O, Wallace S, Massey R, et al. Does systemic leukocyte filtration affect perioperative hemorrhage in cardiac surgery? A systematic review and meta-Analysis. ASAIO J 2007; 53: 514-21.
74. van de Watering L, Hermans J, Witvliet M, et al. HLA and RBC immunization after filtered and buffy coat-depleted blood transfusion in cardiac surgery: A randomized controlled trial. Transfusion 2003; 43: 765-71.
75. Coppage M, Baker M, Fialkow L, et al. Lack of significant de novo HLA allosensitization in ventricular assist device recipients transfused with leukoreduced, ABO identical blood products. Hum Immunol 2009; 70: 413-6.
76. Bechtel JF, Möhlenbein S, Eichler W, et al. Leukocyte depletion during cardiopulmonary bypass in routine adult cardiac surgery. Interact Cardiovasc Thorac Surg 2011; 12: 207-12.
77. Erratum in: Interact Cardiovasc Thorac Surg 2011; 13: 459.
78. Vamvakas EC. Why have meta-Analyses of randomized controlled trials of the association between non-white-blood-cell-reduced allogeneic blood transfusion and postoperative infection produced discordant results? Vox Sang 2007; 93: 196-207.
79. Jensen LS, Kissmeyer-Nielsen P, Wolff B, Qvist N. Randomised comparison of leucocyte-depleted versus buffy-coat-poor blood transfusion and complications after colorectal surgery. Lancet 1996; 348: 841-5.
80. Jensen LS, Puho E, Pedersen L, et al. Long-Term survival after colorectal surgery associated with buffy-coat-poor and leucocyte-depleted blood transfusion: A follow up study. Lancet 2005; 365: 681-2.
81. Mortensen FV, Jensen LS, Sørensen HT, Pedersen L. Cause-specific mortality associated with leukoreduced, buffy coat-depleted, or no blood transfusion after elective surgery for colorectal cancer: A post-Trial 15-year follow-up study. Transfusion 2011; 51: 259-63.
82. Skanberg J, Lundholm K, Haglind E. Effects of blood transfusion with leucocyte depletion on length of hospital stay, respiratory assistance and survival after curative surgery for colorectal cancer. Acta Oncol 2007; 46: 1123-30.
83. Koch M, Antolovic D, Reissfelder C, et al. Leucocyte-depleted blood transfusion is an independent predictor of surgical morbidity in patients undergoing elective coloncancer surgery-A single-center analysis of 531 patients. Ann Surg Oncol 2011; 18: 1404-11.
84. Salpeter SR, Buckley JS, Chatterjee S. Impact of more restrictive blood transfusion strategies on clinical outcomes: A meta-Analysis and systematic review. Am J Med 2014; 127: 124-31.
85. Holst LB1, Haase N, Wetterslev J, Wernerman J. Lower versus higher hemoglobin threshold for transfusion in septic shock. N Engl J Med 2014; 371: 1381-91.
86. Liumbruno GM, Catalano L, Piccinini V, et al. Reduction of the risk of bacterial contamination of blood components through diversion of the first part of the donation of blood and blood components. Blood Transfus 2009; 7: 86-93.
87. Cervia JS, Wenz B, Ortolano GA. Leukocyte reduction's role in the attenuation of infection risks among transfusion recipients. Clin Infect Dis 2007; 45: 1008-13.
88. Andreu G, Morel P, Forestier F, et al. Hemovigilance network in France: organization and analysis of immediate transfusion incident reports from 1994 to 1998. Transfusion 2002: 42; 1356-64.
89. Qu L, Rowe DT, Donnenberg AD, et al. Effects of storage and leukoreduction on lymphocytes and Epstein-Barr virus genomes in platelet concentrates. Transfusion 2009; 49: 1580-3.
90. Qu L, Xu S, Rowe D, Triulzi D. Efficacy of Epstein-Barr virus removal by leukoreduction of red blood cells. Transfusion 2005; 45: 591-5.
91. Laperche S, Worms B, Pillonel J; European Network of Transfusion Medecine Societies; Steering Committee. Blood safety strategies for human T-cell lymphotropic virus in Europe. Vox Sang 2009; 96: 104-10.
92. Bons N, Lehmann S, Mestre-Francès N, et al. Brain and buffy coat transmission of bovine spongiform encephalopathy to the primate Microcebusmurinus. Transfusion 2002; 42: 513-6.
93. Gregori L, McCombie N, Palmer D, et al. Effectiveness of leucoreduction for removal of infectivity of transmissible spongiform encephalopathies from blood. Lancet 2004; 364: 529-31.
94. Cervia JS, Sowemimo-Coker SO, Ortolano GA, et al. An overview of prion biology and the role of blood filtration in reducing the risk of transfusion-Transmitted variant Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease. Transfus Med Rev 2006; 20: 190-206.
95. Krailadsiri P, Seghatchian J, Macgregor I, et al. The effects of leukodepletion on the generation and removal of microvesicles and prion protein in blood components. Transfusion 2006; 46: 407-17.
96. McCutcheon S, Alejo Blanco AR, Houston EF, et al. All clinically-relevant blood components transmit prion disease following a single blood transfusion: A sheep model of vCJD. PLoS One 2011; 6: e23169.
97. Lacroux C, Bougard D, Litaise C, et al. Impact of leucocyte depletion and prion reduction filters on TSE blood borne transmission. PLoS One 2012; 7: e42019.
98. Lescoutra-Etchegaray N, Jaffré N, Sumian C, et al. Evaluation of the protection of primates transfused with variant Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease-infected blood products filtered with prion removal devices: A 5-year update. Transfusion 2015; 55: 1231-41.
99. Sowemimo-Coker SO, Demczyk CA, Andrade F, et al. Evaluation of removal of prion infectivity from red blood cells with prion reduction filters using a new rapid and highly sensitive cell culture-based infectivity assay. Transfusion 2010; 50: 980-8.
100. Gregori L, Gurgel PV, Lathrop JT, et al. Reduction in infectivity of endogenous transmissible spongiform encephalopathies present in blood by adsorption to selective affinity resins. Lancet 2006; 368: 2226-30.
101. Gregori L, Lambert BC, Gurgel PV, et al. Reduction of transmissible spongiform encephalopathy infectivity from human red blood cells with prion protein affinity ligands. Transfusion 2006; 46: 1152-61.
102. Cardone F, Sowemimo-Coker S, Abdel-Haq H, et al. Assessment of prion reduction filters in decreasing infectivity of ultracentrifuged 263K scrapie-infected brain homogenates in "spiked" human blood and red blood cells. Transfusion 2014; 54: 990-5.
103. Lescoutra-Etchegaray N, Sumian C, Culeux A, et al. Removal of exogenous prion infectivity in leukoreduced red blood cells unit by a specific filter designed for human transfusion. Transfusion 2014; 54: 1037-45.
104. Liumbruno G, Vaglio S, Facco G, et al. Transfusion-related acute lung injury incidence in Italy two years after the adoption of a national proactive exclusion policy: under-diagnosing and underreporting. Minerva Anestesiol 2014; 80: 1063-4.
105. Vlaar AP, Juffermans NP. Transfusion-related acute lung injury: A clinical review. Lancet 2013; 382: 984-94.
106. Kleinman S, Caulfield T, Chan P, et al. Toward an understanding of transfusion-related acute lung injury: statement of a consensus panel. Transfusion 2004; 44: 1774-89.
107. Toy P, Popovsky MA, Abraham E, et al. Transfusion-related acute lung injury: definition and review. Crit Care Med 2005; 33: 721-6.
108. Bux J, Sachs UJ. The pathogenesis of transfusion-related acute lung injury (TRALI) . Br J Haematol 2007; 136: 788-99.
109. Silliman CC, Boshkov LK, Mehdizadehkashi Z, et al Transfusion-related acute lung injury: epidemiology and a prospective analysis of etiologic factors. Blood 2003; 101: 454-62.
110. Gajic O, Rana R, Winters JL, et al. Transfusion-related acute lung injury in the critically ill: prospective nested case-control study. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2007; 176: 886-91.
111. Vlaar AP, Binnekade JM, Prins D, et al. Risk factors and outcome of transfusion-related acute lung injury in the critically ill: A nested case-control study. Crit Care Med 2010; 38: 771-8.
112. Benson AB, Moss M, Silliman CC. Transfusion-related acute lung injury (TRALI) : A clinical review with emphasis on the critically ill. Br J Haematol 2009; 147: 431-43.
113. Benson AB, Austin GL, Berg M, et al. Transfusion-related acute lung injury in ICU patients admitted with gastrointestinal bleeding. Intensive Care Med 2010; 36: 1710-7.
114. Vlaar AP, Hofstra JJ, Determann RM, et al. The incidence, risk factors, and outcome of transfusion-related acute lung injury in a cohort of cardiac surgery patients: A prospective nested case-control study. Blood 2011; 117: 4218-25.
115. Toy P, Gajic O, Bacchetti P, et al. Transfusion-related acute lung injury: incidence and risk factors. Blood 2012; 119: 1757-67.
116. Plurad D, Belzberg H, Shulman I, et al. Leucoreduction is associated with a decreased incidence of late onset acute respiratory distress syndrome after injury. Am Surg 2008; 74: 117-23.
117. Watkins TR, Rubenfeld GD, Martin TR, et al. Effects of leukoreduced blood on acute lung injury after trauma: A randomized controlled trial. Crit Care Med 2008; 36: 1493-9.
118. Blumberg N, Heal JM, Gettings KF, et al. An association between decreased cardiopulmonary complications (transfusion-related acute lung injury and transfusion-Associated circulatory overload) and implementation of universal leucoreduction of blood transfusions. Transfusion 2010; 50: 2738-44.
119. Nagura Y, Tsuno NH, Ohkawa R, et al. Inhibition of lysophosphatidic acid increase by prestorage whole blood leucoreduction in autologous CPDA-1 whole blood. Transfusion 2013; 53: 3139-48.
120. Silliman CC, Kelher MR, Khan SY, et al. Experimental prestorage filtration removes antibodies and decreases lipids in RBC supernatants mitigating TRALI in vivo. Blood 2014; 123: 3488-95.
121. Antonelou MH, Tzounakas VL, Velentzas AD, et al. Effects of pre-storage leukoreduction on stored red blood cells signaling: A time-course evaluation from shape to proteome. J Proteomics 2012; 76 Spec No.: 220-38.
122. Kriebardis A, Antonelou M, Stamoulis K, Papassideri I. Cell-derived microparticles in stored blood products: innocent-bystanders or effective mediators of post-Transfusion reactions? Blood Transfus 2012; 10 (Suppl 2) : s25-38.
123. D'Alessandro A, Kriebardis AG, Rinalducci S, et al. An update on red blood cell storage lesions, as gleaned through biochemistry and omics technologies. Transfusion 2015; 55: 205-19.
124. Röhl H, Bein G, Sachs UJ. Transfusion-Associated graft-versus-host disease. Transfus Med Rev 2009; 23: 62-71.
125. Akahoshi M, Takanashi M, Masuda M, et al. A case of transfusion associated graft-versus-host-disease not prevented by wihte cell-reduction filters. Transfusion 1992; 32: 169-72.
126. Treleaven J, Gennery A, Marsh J, et al. Guidelines on the use of irradiated blood components prepared by the British Committee for Standards in Haematology blood transfusion task force. Br J Haematol 2011; 152: 35-51.
127. Hébert PC, Fergusson D, Blajchman MA, et al. Leucoreduction Study Investigators. Clinical outcomes following institution of the Canadian universal leucoreduction program for red blood cell transfusions. JAMA 2003; 289: 1941-9.
128. Seftel MD, Growe GH, Petraszko T, et al. Universal prestorage leucoreduction in Canada decreases platelet alloimmunization and refractoriness. Blood 2004; 103: 333-9.
129. Walther-Wenke G, Däubener W, Heiden M, et al. Working Party on Bacteria Safety in Transfusion Medicine of the National Advisory Committee Blood of the German Federal Ministry of Health (ArbeitskreisBlut) , Berlin, Germany. Effect of Safety Measures on Bacterial Contamination Rates of Blood Components in Germany. Transfus Med Hemother 2011; 38: 231-5.
130. García-Erce JA, Campos A, Muñoz M. Blood donation and blood transfusion in Spain (1997-2007) : The effects of demographic changes and universal leucoreduction. Blood Transfus 2010; 8: 100-6.
131. van Hulst M, Bilgin YM, van de Watering LM, et al. Cost-effectiveness of leucocyte-depleted erythrocyte transfusion in cardiac valve surgery. Transfus Med 2005; 15: 209-17.
132. van der Watering LM, Hermans I, Houbiers JG, et al. Beneficial effects of leukocyte depletion of transfused blood on postoperative complications in patients undergoing cardiac surgery: A randomized clinical trial. Circulation 1998; 97: 562-8.
133. Bilgin YM, van der Watering LM, Eijsman L, et al. Double-blind, randomized clinical trial on the effect of leukocyte-depleted erythrocyte transfusions in cardiac valve surgery. Circulation 2004; 109: 2755-60.
134. Dzik WH, Anderson JK, O'Neill EM, et al. A prospective randomized clinical trial of universal leucoreduction. Transfusion 2002; 42: 1114-22.
135. Tsantes AE, Kyriakou E, Nikolopoulos GK, et al. Cost-effectiveness of leucoreduction for prevention of febrile non-haemolytic transfusion reactions. Blood Transfus 2014; 12: 232-7.
136. Janssen MP, van der Poel CL, Behr-Gross ME. The Collection, Testing and Use of Blood and Blood products in Europe in 2009. European Directorate for the Quality of Medicines & HealthCare (EDQM) of the Council of Europe. Strasbourg: Council of Europe publishing; 2014.
137. Vamvakas EC. The abandoned controversy surrounding universal white blood cell reduction. Blood Transfus 2014; 12: 143-5.