Networked intimacy. Intimacy and friendship among Italian Facebook users

Information Communication and Society

Volumn 20, Issue 5, 2017, Pages 784-801

  Farci, Manolo ^a   Rossi, Luca ^b   Boccia Artieri, Giovanni ^a   Giglietto, Fabio ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF URBINO   (Italy)

^b IT UNIVERSITY OF COPENHAGEN   (Denmark)

Author keywords

Facebook; intimacy; self disclosure; social network

Indexed keywords

EID: 84976566310     PISSN: 1369118X     EISSN: 14684462     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1080/1369118X.2016.1203970     Document Type: Article

References (95)

1. Archer, R. L., (1980). Self-disclosure. In D., Wegner & R., Vallacher (Eds.), The self in social psychology (pp. 183–204). London:Oxford University Press.
2. Attrill, A., & Jalil, R., (2011). Revealing only the superficial me:Exploring categorical self-disclosure online. Computers in Human Behavior, 27(5), 1634–1642. doi:10.1016/j.chb.2011.02.001
3. Bales, E., Li, K., & Griwsold, W., (2011). CoupleVIBE:Mobile implicit communication to improve awareness for (longdistance) couples. Proceedings of CSCW, ACM, Hangzhou, China, 2011. Retrieved from http://www.kevinli.net/CoupleVIBE_CSCW_Final.pdf
4. Bauman, Z., (2007). Consuming life. Cambridge:Polity Press.
5. Bauman, Z., (2011). Facebook, l’intimità e l’estimità. Retrieved from http://www.laterza.it/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=421&Itemid=101
6. Baym, N., (2010). Personal connections in the digital age. Cambridge:Polity Press.
7. Bazarova, N. N., (2012). Public intimacy:Disclosure interpretation and social judgments on Facebook. Journal of Communication, 62(5), 815–832. doi:10.1111/j.1460-2466.2012.01664.x
8. Bazarova, N. N., & Choi, Y. H., (2014). Self-disclosure in social media:Extending the functional approach to disclosure motivations and characteristics on social network sites. Journal of Communication, 64, 635–665. doi:10.1111/jcom.12106
9. Boccia Artieri, G., (2012). Stati di connessione. Pubblici, cittadini e consumatori nella (Social) Network Society. Milano:Franco Angeli.
10. Boccia Artieri, G., Giglietto, F., & Rossi, L., (2012). Facebook, Twitter & co. Una mutazione possibile per la ricerca sociale. In G., Fiorentino & M., Pireddu (Eds.), Galassia Facebook. Comunicazione e vita quotidiana (pp. 73–91). Roma:Nutrimenti.
11. boyd, d., (2011). Social network sites as networked publics:Affordances, dynamics, and implications. In Z., Papacharissi (Ed.), A networked self:Identity, community, and culture on social network sites (pp. 39–58). New York, NY:Routledge.
12. boyd, d., & Ellison, N. B., (2007). Social network sites:Definition, history, and scholarship. Journal of Computer-Mediated Communication, 13(1), 210–230. doi:10.1111/j.1083-6101.2007.00393.x
13. boyd, d., & Marwick, A., (2011). Social steganography:Privacy in networked publics. Paper presented at International Communication Association, Boston, MA. Retrieved from http://www.danah.org/papers/2011/Steganography-ICAVersion.pdf
14. Bryant, E. M., & Marmo, J., (2009). Relational maintenance strategies on Facebook. Kentucky Journal of Communication, 28, 129–150. Retrieved from http://kycommunication.com/jenniferpdf/Bryant.pdf
15. Bryant, E. M., & Marmo, J., (2012). The rules of Facebook friendship:A two-stage examination of interaction rules in close, casual, and acquaintance friendships. Journal of Social and Personal Relationships, 29, 1013–1035. doi:10.1177/0265407512443616
16. Bucher, T., (2012). The friendship assemblage:Investigating programmed sociality on Facebook. Television & New Media, 14(6), 479–493. doi:10.1177/1527476412452800
17. Bucholtz, I., (2013). Diffused intimacy:Trust and self-disclosure in online relationships. Media Studies (1/2013). Retrieved from https://medialnistudia.files.wordpress.com/2013/06/ms_2013_1_stat2.pdf
18. Burke, M., Kraut, R., & Marlow, C., (2011). Social capital on Facebook:Differentiating uses and users. In Proceedings of the 29th International Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems (pp. 571–580). New York, NY:ACM. doi:10.1145/1978942.1979023
19. Chambers, D., (2013). Social media and personal relationships. Online intimacies and networked friendship. Basingstoke:Palgrave Macmillan.
20. Clark, N., Lee, S.-Y., & Boyer, L., (2007). A place of their own:An exploratory study of college students’ uses of Facebook. Paper presented at the annual meeting of the International Communication Association, San Francisco.
21. ®. Communication Research Reports, 29(2), 119–129. doi:10.1080/08824096.2012.667777
22. Crow, G., & Allan, G., (1995). Community types, community typologies and community time. Time and Society, 4(2), 147–66. doi:10.1177/0961463X95004002001
23. Crystal Jiang, L., Bazarova, N. N., & Hancock, J. T., (2011). The disclosure–intimacy link in computer-mediated communication:An attributional extension of the hyperpersonal model. Human Communication Research, 37, 58–77. doi:10.1111/j.1468-2958.2010.01393.x
24. Derlega, V. J., Metts, S., Petronio, S., & Margulis, S. T., (1993). Self-disclosure. Newbury Park, CA:Sage.
25. Ellison, N., Lampe, C., Steinfield, C., & Vitak, J., (2010). With a little help from my friends:Social network sites and social capital. In Z., Papacharissi (Ed.), A networked self:Identity, community and culture on social network sites (pp. 124–145). New York:Routledge.
26. Ellison, N. B., & boyd, d., (2013). Sociality through social network sites. In W. H., Dutton (Ed.), The Oxford handbook of internet studies (pp. 151–172). Oxford:Oxford University Press.
27. Ellison, N. B., Steinfield, C., & Lampe, C., (2007). The benefits of Facebook “friends:” Social capital and college students’ use of online social network site. Journal of Computer-Mediated Communication, 12(4), 1143–1168. doi:10.1111/j.1083-6101.2007.00367.x
28. Ellison, N. B., Steinfield, C., & Lampe, C., (2011). Connection strategies:Social capital implications of Facebook-enabled communication practices. New Media & Society, 13(6), 873–892. doi:10.1177/1461444810385389
29. Enli, G. S., & Thumim, N., (2012). Socializing and self-representation online:Exploring Facebook. Observatorio (OBS*) Journal, 6(1), 87–105. doi:10.1080/1369118X.2013.782330
30. Farci, M., (2010). Incontinenza emotiva. L'io dal reality show ai social network. Link Mono. Ripartire da zero. Televisioni e culture del decennio, Milano:RTI-Reti Televisive It., 197–205.
31. Furedi, F., (2004). Therapy culture:Cultivating vulnerability in an uncertain age. London:Routledge.
32. Giddens, A., (1992). The transformation of intimacy:Sexuality, love and eroticism in modern societies. Cambridge:Polity.
33. Gillies, V., (2003). Family and intimate relationships:A review of the sociological research.Families & Social Capital ESRC Research Group. Working Paper No. 2. Retrieved from http://www1.lsbu.ac.uk/ahs/downloads/families/familieswp2.pdf
34. Hampton, K., Goulet, L. S., Rainie, L., & Purcell, K., (2011). Social networking sites and our lives. Washington, DC:Pew Internet & American Life Project. Retrieved from http://www.pewinternet.org/2011/06/16/social-networking-sites-and-our-lives
35. Hand, M., (2012). Ubiquitous photography. Cambridge:Polity Press.
36. Haspels, M., (2008) Will You be My Facebook Friend? In Proceedings of the 4th Annual GRASP Symposium, Wichita State University. Wichita, KS:Wichita State University. Retrieved from http://soar.wichita.edu:8080/bitstream/handle/10057/1352/grasp-2008-20.pdf?sequence=1
37. Haythornthwaite, C., (2005). Social networks and internet connectivity effects. Information, Communication and Society, 8(2), 125–147. doi:10.1080/13691180500146185
38. Henderson, S., & Gilding, M., (2004). ‘I’ve never clicked this much with anyone in my life’:Trust and hyperpersonal communication in online friendships. New Media & Society, 6(4), 487–506. doi:10.1177/146144804044331
39. Hogan, B., (2010). The presentation of self in the age of social media:Distinguishing performances and exhibitions online. Bulletin of Science, Technology & Society, 30(6), 377–386. doi:10.1177/0270467610385893
40. Hollenbaugh, E., & Ferris, A., (2014). Facebook self-disclosure:Examining the role of traits, social cohesion, and motives. Computers in Human Behavior, 30, 50–58. doi:10.1016/j.chb.2013.07.055
41. Hu, Y., Wood, J. F., Smith, V., & Westbrook, N., (2004). Friendships through IM:Examining the relationship between instant messaging and intimacy. Journal of Computer-Mediated Communication, 10, 38–48. doi:10.1111/j.1083-6101.2004.tb00231.x
42. Illouz, E., (2004). Gefühle in Zeiten des Kapitalismus. Frankfurter, Adorno-Vorlesungen.
43. Ito, M., & Okabe, D., (2005). Intimate connections:Contextualizing Japanese youth and mobile messaging. In R., Harper, L., Palen, & A., Taylor (Eds.), Inside the text:Social, cultural and design perspectives on SMS (pp. 127–143). New York, NY:Springer.
44. Jamieson, L., (1988). Intimacy:Personal relationships in modern societies. Oxford:Blackwell.
45. Joinson, A. N., (2001). Self-disclosure in computer-mediated communication:The role of self-awareness and visual anonymity. European Journal of Social Psychology, 31, 177–192. doi:10.1002/ejsp.36
46. Joinson, A. N., (2008). Looking at, looking up or keeping up with people? Motives and use of Facebook. Proceeding of the Twenty-sixth Annual SIGCHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems (pp. 1027–1036). New York, NY:ACM. doi:10.1145/1357054.1357213
47. Keen, A., (2012). Digital vertigo:How today's online social revolution is dividing, diminishing, and disorienting us. New York, NY:Constable & Robinson.
48. Lambert, A., (2013). Intimacy and friendship on Facebook. Basingstoke:Palgrave Macmillan.
49. Lampe, C., Ellison, N. B., & Steinfield, C., (2006). A Face(book) in the crowd:Social searching Vs. social browsing. In Proceedings of the 2006 20th Anniversary Conference on Computer Supported Cooperative Work (pp. 167–170). ACM Digital Library. doi:10.1145/1180875.1180901
50. Lampe, C., Ellison, N. B., & Steinfield, C., (2007). A familiar face(book):Profile elements as signals in an online social network. In Proceedings of the SIGCHI Conference on humanfactors in computing systems (pp. 435–444). New York:ACM. doi:10.1145/1240624.1240695
51. Lampinen, A., Lehtinen, V., Lehmuskallio, A., & Tamminen, S., (2011). We’re in it together:Interpersonal management of disclosure in social network services. Proceedings of the SIGCHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems (pp. 3217–3226). doi:10.1145/1978942.1979420
52. Lasch, C., (1979). The culture of Narcissism:American life in an age of diminishing expectations. New York, NY:Norton.
53. Lasén, A., (2015). Digital self-portraits, exposure and the modulation of intimacy. In J. R., Carvalheiro & A. S., Tellería (Eds.), Mobile and digital communication:Approaches to public and private (pp. 61–78). Covilhã:Livros LabCom.
54. Ledbetter, A. M., Mazer, J. P., DeGroot, J. M., Meyer, K. R., Mao, Y., & Swafford, B., (2011). Attitudes toward online social connection and self-disclosure as predictors of Facebook communication and relational closeness. Communication Research, 38, 27–53. doi:10.1177/0093650210365537
55. Livingstone, S., (2008). Taking risky opportunities in youthful content creation:Teenagers’ use of social networking sites for intimacy, privacy and self-expression. New Media & Society, 10(3), 393–411. doi:10.1177/1461444808089415
56. Lovink, G., (2011). Network without a case:A critique of social media. Cambridge:Polity Press.
57. Mansson, D. H., & Myers, S. A., (2011). An initial examination of college students’ expressions of affection through Facebook. Southern Communication Journal, 76(2), 155–168. doi:10.1080/10417940903317710
58. Marshall, P. D., (2010). The promotion and presentation of the self:Celebrity as marker of presentational media. Celebrity Studies, 1(1), 35–48. doi:10.1080/19392390903519057
59. Marvick, A., (2014). Status update:Celebrity, publicity, and branding in the social media age. London:Yale University Press.
60. Matsuda, M., (2005). Mobile communication and selective sociality. In M., Ito, D., Okabe, & M., Matsuda (Eds.), Personal, portable, pedestrian:Mobile phones in Japanese life (pp. 123–142). Cambridge, MA:The MIT Press.
61. Mazer, J. P., Murphy, R. E., & Simonds, C. J., (2007). I’ll see you on “Facebook”:The effects of computer mediated teacher self-disclosure on student motivation, affective learning, and classroom climate. Communication Education, 56, 1–17. doi:10.1080/03634520601009710
62. McEwan, B., (2013). Sharing, caring, and surveilling:An actor–partner interdependence model examination of Facebook relational maintenance strategies. Cyberpsychology, Behavior, and Social Networking, 16, 863–869. doi:10.1089/cyber.2012.0717
63. McEwan, B., Fletcher, J., Eden, J., & Sumner, E., (2014). Development and validation of a Facebook relational maintenance measure. Communication Methods and Measures, 8, 244–263. doi:10.1080/19312458.2014.967844
64. Mendelson, A. L., & Papacharissi, Z., (2011). Look at us:Collective Narcissism in college student Facebook photo galleries. In Z., Papacharissi (Eds.), A networked self:Identity, community and culture on social network sites (pp. 251–273). New York, NY:Routledge.
65. Miguel, C., (2016). Visual intimacy on social media:From selfies to the co-construction of intimacies through shared pictures. Social Media + Society, 2(2), 1–10. doi:10.1177/2056305116641705
66. Murray, D. C., (2015). Notes to self:The visual culture of selfies in the age of social media. Consumption Markets & Culture, 18(6), 490–516. doi:10.1080/10253866.2015.1052967
67. Oolo, E., & Siibak, A., (2013). Performing for one’s imagined audience:Social steganography and other privacy strategies of Estonian teens on networked publics. Cyberpsychology:Journal of Psychosocial Research on Cyberspace, 7(1). doi:10.5817/CP2013-1-7
68. Pahl, R., & Spencer, L., (1997). The politics of friendship. Renewal, 5(34), 100–107.
69. Park, N., Jin, B., & Jin, S. A., (2011). Effects of self-disclosure on relational intimacy in Facebook. Computers in Human Behaviour, 27(5). doi:10.1016/j.chb.2011.05.004
70. Petronio, S., (2002). Boundaries of privacy:Dialectics of disclosure. Albany:State University of New York Press.
71. Reis, H. T., & Shaver, P., (1988). Intimacy as an interpersonal process. In D., Steve (Ed.), Handbook of personal relationships (pp. 367–389). Chichester:Wiley & Sons.
72. Rooney, V. M., (2014). Maintaining intimacy at a distance:An exploration of human–computer interaction’s approach to mediating intimacy. Behaviour & Information Technology, 33(9), 882–891. doi:10.1080/0144929X.2013.791722
73. Rosen, C., (2007). Virtual friendship and the new narcissism. The New Atlantis, 17, 13–31. Retrieved from http://www.thenewatlantis.com/publications/virtual-friendship-and-the-new-narcissism
74. Sennett, R., (1977). The fall of public man. New York, NY:Alfred A. Knopf.
75. Sheldon, P., (2009). I’ll poke you. You’ll poke me! Self-disclosure, social attraction, predictability and trust as important predictors of Facebook relationships. Journal of Psychosocial Research on Cyberspace, 3(2). Retrieved from http://cyberpsychology.eu/view.php?cisloclanku=2009111101&article=1
76. Shklovski, I., Barkhuus, L., Bornoe, N., & Kaye, J. J., (2015). Friendship maintenance in the digital age:Applying a relational lens to online social interaction. Proceedings of the 18th ACM Conference on Computer Supported Cooperative Work & Social Computing (pp. 1477–1487). ACM. doi:10.1145/2675133.2675294
77. Simmel, G., (1950). The sociology of Georg Simmel. New York, NY:The Free Press.
78. Steinfield, C., Ellison, N. B., & Lampe, C., (2008). Social capital, self-esteem, and use of online social network sites:A longitudinal analysis. Journal of Applied Developmental Psychology, 29, 434–445. doi:10.1016/j.appdev.2008.07.002
79. Strauss, A. L., & Corbin, J., (2008). Basics of qualitative research:Techniques and procedures for developing grounded theory (3rd ed.). Los Angeles, CA:Sage.
80. Subrahmanyam, K., Reich, S. M., Waechter, N., & Espinoza, G., (2008). Online and offline social networks:Use of social networking sites by emerging adults. Journal of Applied Developmental Psychology, 29, 420–433. doi:10.1016/j.appdev.2008.07.003
81. Thompson, C., (2008). Brave New World of Digital Intimacy. New York Times, Sept. 5.Retrieved from http://www.nytimes.com/2008/09/07/magazine/07awareness-t.html
82. Tidwell, L. C., & Walther, J. B., (2002). Computer-mediated communication effects on disclosure, impressions, and interpersonal evaluations:Getting to know one another a bit at a time. Human Communication Research, 28(3), 317–348. doi:10.1111/j.1468-2958.2002.tb00811.x
83. Tisseron, S., (2001). L'intimité surexposée. Paris:Editions Ramsay.
84. Tong, S. T., & Walther, J. B., (2011). Relational maintenance and computer-mediated communication. In K. B., Wright & L. M., Webb (Eds.), Computer-mediated communication in personal relationships (pp. 98–118). New York, NY:Peter Lang Publishing.
85. Tufekci, Z., (2008). Can you see me now? Audience and disclosure management in online social network sites. Bulletin of Science and Technology Studies, 28(1), 20–36. doi:10.1177/0270467607311484
86. Turkle, S., (2011). Alone together. Why we expect more from technology and less from each other. New York, NY:Perseus Group Book.
87. Valkenburg, P. M., & Peter, J., (2007). Preadolescents’ and adolescents’ online communication and their closeness to friends. Developmental Psychology, 43, 267–277. doi:10.1037/0012-1649.43.2.26
88. Vitak, J., & Ellison, N., (2013). “There’s a network out there you might as well tap”:Exploring the benefits of and barriers to exchanging informational and support-based resources on Facebook. New Media & Society, 15, 243–259. doi:10.1177/1461444812451566
89. Vitak, J., Ellison, N., & Steinfield, C., (2011). The ties that bond:Re-examining the relationship between Facebook use and bonding social capital.Proceedings of the 44th Annual Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences. Computer Society Press. Retrieved from http://www-personal.umich.edu/~enicole/VitakEllisonSteinfield2011.pdf
90. Walther, J. B., & Bazarova, N. N., (2008). Validation and application of electronic propinquity theory to computer-mediated communication in groups. Communication Research, 35(5), 622–645. doi:10.1177/0093650208321783
91. Walther, J. B., & Parks, M. R., (2002). Cues filtered out, cues filtered in. Computer-mediated communication and relationship. In M. L., Knapp & G. R., Mileer (Eds.), Handbook of interpersonal communication (pp. 529–563). Thousand Oaks, CA:Sage.
92. Weiqin, E. L., Campbell, M., Kimpton, M., Wozencroft, K., & Orel, A., (2016). Social capital on Facebook:The impact of personality and online communication behaviors. Journal of Educational Computing Research, 1–22. doi:10.1177/0735633116631886
93. Wilkinson, J., (2010). Personal communities:Responsible individualism or another fall for public [man]. Sociology, 44(3), 453–470. doi:10.1177/0038038510362484
94. Wittwoker, D., (2014). Facebook and dramauthentic identity:A post-Goffmanian theory of identity performance on SNS. First Monday 19(4). doi:10.5210/fm.v19i4.4858
95. Zhao, S., Grasmuck, S., & Martin, J., (2008). Identity construction on Facebook:Digital empowerment in anchored relationships. Computers in Human Behavior, 24(5), 1816–1836. doi:10.1016/j.chb.2008.02.012