메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 2015, Issue 12, 2015, Pages

Corticosteroids for treating sepsis

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

CORTICOSTEROID; GLUCOSE; SODIUM CHLORIDE; DEXAMETHASONE; FLUDROCORTISONE; HYDROCORTISONE; METHYLPREDNISOLONE; PREDNISOLONE;

EID: 84965191167     PISSN: 14651858     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1002/14651858.CD002243.pub3     Document Type: Review
Times cited : (162)

References (127)
  • 1
    • 0037151571 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effect of treatment with low doses of hydrocortisone and fludrocortisone on mortality in patients with septic shock
    • PUBMED: 12186604]
    • Annane D, Sebille V, Charpentier C, Bollaert PE, François B, Korach JM, et al. Effect of treatment with low doses of hydrocortisone and fludrocortisone on mortality in patients with septic shock. JAMA 2002;288(7):862-71. [PUBMED: 12186604]
    • (2002) JAMA , vol.288 , Issue.7 , pp. 862-871
    • Annane, D.1    Sebille, V.2    Charpentier, C.3    Bollaert, P.E.4    François, B.5    Korach, J.M.6
  • 2
    • 75749145038 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Corticosteroid treatment and intensive insulin therapy for septic shock in adults: a randomized controlled trial
    • COIITSS Study Investigators, Annane D, Cariou A, Maxime V, Azoulay E, D'honneur G, Timsit JF, et al. Corticosteroid treatment and intensive insulin therapy for septic shock in adults: a randomized controlled trial. JAMA 2010;303:341-8.
    • (2010) JAMA , vol.303 , pp. 341-348
    • Annane, D.1    Cariou, A.2    Maxime, V.3    Azoulay, E.4    D'honneur, G.5    Timsit, J.F.6
  • 5
  • 6
    • 0032946372 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Stress doses of hydrocortisone reverse hyperdynamic septic shock: a prospective, randomized, double-blind, single-center study
    • PUBMED: 10321661]
    • Briegel J, Forst H, Haller M, Schelling G, Kilger E, Kuprat G, et al. Stress doses of hydrocortisone reverse hyperdynamic septic shock: a prospective, randomized, double-blind, single-center study. Critical Care Medicine 1999;27(4):723-32. [PUBMED: 10321661]
    • (1999) Critical Care Medicine , vol.27 , Issue.4 , pp. 723-732
    • Briegel, J.1    Forst, H.2    Haller, M.3    Schelling, G.4    Kilger, E.5    Kuprat, G.6
  • 8
    • 36749079427 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Early dexamethasone treatment for septic shock patients: a prospective randomized clinical trial
    • PUBMED: 17992396]
    • Cicarelli DD, Vieira JE, Benseñor FE. Early dexamethasone treatment for septic shock patients: a prospective randomized clinical trial. Sao Paulo Medical Journal 2007;125:237-41. [PUBMED: 17992396]
    • (2007) Sao Paulo Medical Journal , vol.125 , pp. 237-241
    • Cicarelli, D.D.1    Vieira, J.E.2    Benseñor, F.E.3
  • 10
    • 0001563188 scopus 로고
    • The effectiveness of hydrocortisone in the management of severe infections
    • Cooperative Study Group. The effectiveness of hydrocortisone in the management of severe infections. JAMA 1963;183:462-5.
    • (1963) JAMA , vol.183 , pp. 462-465
  • 11
    • 84901497746 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The interaction of vasopressin and corticosteroids in septic shock: a pilot randomized controlled trial
    • Gordon AC, Mason AJ, Perkins GD, Stotz M, Terblanche M, Ashby D, et al. The interaction of vasopressin and corticosteroids in septic shock: a pilot randomized controlled trial. Critical Care Medicine 2014;42:1325-33.
    • (2014) Critical Care Medicine , vol.42 , pp. 1325-1333
    • Gordon, A.C.1    Mason, A.J.2    Perkins, G.D.3    Stotz, M.4    Terblanche, M.5    Ashby, D.6
  • 12
    • 70349662197 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The effect of low-dose hydrocortisone on requirement of norepinephrine and lactate clearance in patients with refractory septic shock
    • Hu B, Li JG, Liang H, Zhou Q, Yu Z, Li L, et al. The effect of low-dose hydrocortisone on requirement of norepinephrine and lactate clearance in patients with refractory septic shock. Zhongguo Wei Zhong Bing Ji Jiu Yi Xue 2009;21:529-31.
    • (2009) Zhongguo Wei Zhong Bing Ji Jiu Yi Xue , vol.21 , pp. 529-531
    • Hu, B.1    Li, J.G.2    Liang, H.3    Zhou, Q.4    Yu, Z.5    Li, L.6
  • 13
    • 48249104435 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effect of low doses of hydrocortisone in patient with septic shock and relative adrenal insufficiency: 3 days versus 7 days treatment
    • Huh JW, Lim CM, Koh Y, Hong SB. Effect of low doses of hydrocortisone in patient with septic shock and relative adrenal insufficiency: 3 days versus 7 days treatment. Critical Care Medicine 2007;34 Suppl:A101.
    • (2007) Critical Care Medicine , vol.34
    • Huh, J.W.1    Lim, C.M.2    Koh, Y.3    Hong, S.B.4
  • 14
    • 0037441670 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Immunologic and hemodynamic effects of "low-dose" hydrocortisone in septic shock: a double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled, crossover study
    • PUBMED: 12426230]
    • Keh D, Boehnke T, Weber-Cartens S, Schulz C, Ahlers O, Bercker S, et al. Immunologic and hemodynamic effects of "low-dose" hydrocortisone in septic shock: a double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled, crossover study. American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine 2003;167(4):512-20. [PUBMED: 12426230]
    • (2003) American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine , vol.167 , Issue.4 , pp. 512-520
    • Keh, D.1    Boehnke, T.2    Weber-Cartens, S.3    Schulz, C.4    Ahlers, O.5    Bercker, S.6
  • 15
    • 84879299006 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The effect of stress dose glucocorticoid on patients with acute respiratory distress syndrome combined with critical illness-related corticosteroid insufficiency
    • Liu L, Li J, Huang YZ, Liu SQ, Yang CS, Guo FM, et al. The effect of stress dose glucocorticoid on patients with acute respiratory distress syndrome combined with critical illness-related corticosteroid insufficiency. Zhonghua Nei Ke Za Zhi 2012;51:599-603.
    • (2012) Zhonghua Nei Ke Za Zhi , vol.51 , pp. 599-603
    • Liu, L.1    Li, J.2    Huang, Y.Z.3    Liu, S.Q.4    Yang, C.S.5    Guo, F.M.6
  • 16
    • 0023713254 scopus 로고
    • Ineffectiveness of high-dose methylprednisolone in preventing parenchymal lung injury and improving mortality in patients with septic shock
    • PUBMED: 3202402]
    • Luce JM, Montgomery AB, Marks JD, Turner J, Metz CA, Murray JF. Ineffectiveness of high-dose methylprednisolone in preventing parenchymal lung injury and improving mortality in patients with septic shock. American Review of Respiratory Diseases 1988;138(1):62-8. [PUBMED: 3202402]
    • (1988) American Review of Respiratory Diseases , vol.138 , Issue.1 , pp. 62-68
    • Luce, J.M.1    Montgomery, A.B.2    Marks, J.D.3    Turner, J.4    Metz, C.A.5    Murray, J.F.6
  • 17
    • 34247231131 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Methylprednislone infusion in early ARDS: result of a randomised controlled trial
    • PUBMED: 17426195]
    • Meduri GU, Golden E, Freire AX, Taylor E, Zaman M, Carson SJ, et al. Methylprednislone infusion in early ARDS: result of a randomised controlled trial. Chest 2007;131(4):954-63. [PUBMED: 17426195]
    • (2007) Chest , vol.131 , Issue.4 , pp. 954-963
    • Meduri, G.U.1    Golden, E.2    Freire, A.X.3    Taylor, E.4    Zaman, M.5    Carson, S.J.6
  • 18
    • 79958771376 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Dexamethasone and length of hospital stay in patients with community-acquired pneumonia: a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial
    • Meijvis SC, Hardeman H, Remmelts HH, Heijligenberg R, Rijkers GT, van Velzen-Blad H, et al. Dexamethasone and length of hospital stay in patients with community-acquired pneumonia: a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. The Lancet 2011;377:2023-30.
    • (2011) The Lancet , vol.377 , pp. 2023-2030
    • Meijvis, S.C.1    Hardeman, H.2    Remmelts, H.H.3    Heijligenberg, R.4    Rijkers, G.T.5    van Velzen-Blad, H.6
  • 19
    • 27944471374 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Low-dose hydrocortisone improves shock reversal and reduces cytokine levels in early hyperdynamic septic shock
    • PUBMED: 16276166]
    • Oppert M, Schindler R, Husung C, Offerman K, Graef KJ, Boenisch O, et al. Low-dose hydrocortisone improves shock reversal and reduces cytokine levels in early hyperdynamic septic shock. Critical Care Medicine 2005;33:2457-64. [PUBMED: 16276166]
    • (2005) Critical Care Medicine , vol.33 , pp. 2457-2464
    • Oppert, M.1    Schindler, R.2    Husung, C.3    Offerman, K.4    Graef, K.J.5    Boenisch, O.6
  • 21
    • 33747486700 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Low-dose hydrocortisone during severe sepsis: effects on microalbumineria
    • PUBMED: 16850006]
    • Rinaldi S, Adembri C, Grechi S, DE Gaudio R. Low-dose hydrocortisone during severe sepsis: effects on microalbumineria. Critical Care Medicine 2006;34:2334-9. [PUBMED: 16850006]
    • (2006) Critical Care Medicine , vol.34 , pp. 2334-2339
    • Rinaldi, S.1    Adembri, C.2    Grechi, S.3    D.E Gaudio, R.4
  • 22
    • 84868148522 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Corticosteroids and ICU course of community acquired pneumonia in Egyptian settings
    • Sabry NA, El-Din Omar E. Corticosteroids and ICU course of community acquired pneumonia in Egyptian settings. Pharmacology and Pharmacy 2011;2:73-81.
    • (2011) Pharmacology and Pharmacy , vol.2 , pp. 73-81
    • Sabry, N.A.1    El-Din Omar, E.2
  • 23
    • 0017064383 scopus 로고
    • Steroids in the treatment of clinical septic shock
    • [PUBMED: 786190]
    • Schumer W. Steroids in the treatment of clinical septic shock. Annals of Surgery 1976;184(3):333-41. [PUBMED: 786190]
    • (1976) Annals of Surgery , vol.184 , Issue.3 , pp. 333-341
    • Schumer, W.1
  • 24
    • 0029986186 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Randomized, placebo-controlled, double blinded trial of dexamethasone in African children with sepsis
    • PUBMED: 8823850]
    • Slusher T, Gbadero D, Howard C, Lewinson L, Giroir B, Toro L, et al. Randomized, placebo-controlled, double blinded trial of dexamethasone in African children with sepsis. Pediatric Infectious Diseases Journal 1996;15(7):579-83. [PUBMED: 8823850]
    • (1996) Pediatric Infectious Diseases Journal , vol.15 , Issue.7 , pp. 579-583
    • Slusher, T.1    Gbadero, D.2    Howard, C.3    Lewinson, L.4    Giroir, B.5    Toro, L.6
  • 26
    • 0021184906 scopus 로고
    • The effects of high-dose corticosteroids in patients with septic shock. A prospective, controlled study
    • PUBMED: 6384785]
    • Sprung CL, Caralis PV, Marcial EH, Pierce M, Gelbard MA, Long WM, et al. The effects of high-dose corticosteroids in patients with septic shock. A prospective, controlled study. New England Journal of Medicine 1984;311(18):1137-43. [PUBMED: 6384785]
    • (1984) New England Journal of Medicine , vol.311 , Issue.18 , pp. 1137-1143
    • Sprung, C.L.1    Caralis, P.V.2    Marcial, E.H.3    Pierce, M.4    Gelbard, M.A.5    Long, W.M.6
  • 27
    • 38049110809 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The CORTICUS randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study of hydrocortisone therapy in patients with septic shock
    • PUBMED: 18184957]
    • Sprung C, Annane D, Keh D, Moreno R, Singer M, Freivogel K, et al. The CORTICUS randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study of hydrocortisone therapy in patients with septic shock. New England Journal of Medicine 2008;358:111-24. [PUBMED: 18184957]
    • (2008) New England Journal of Medicine , vol.358 , pp. 111-124
    • Sprung, C.1    Annane, D.2    Keh, D.3    Moreno, R.4    Singer, M.5    Freivogel, K.6
  • 28
    • 67349085904 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Low dose steroids and adrenocortical insufficiency in septic shock: a double-blind randomised controlled trial from India
    • Tandan SM, Guleria R, Gupta N. Low dose steroids and adrenocortical insufficiency in septic shock: a double-blind randomised controlled trial from India. Proceedings of the American Thoracic Society Meeting. 2005:A24.
    • (2005) Proceedings of the American Thoracic Society Meeting
    • Tandan, S.M.1    Guleria, R.2    Gupta, N.3
  • 29
    • 84923125114 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effect of corticosteroids on treatment failure among hospitalized patients with severe community-acquired pneumonia and high inflammatory response: a randomized clinical trial
    • JAMA
    • Torres A, Sibila O, Ferrer M, Polverino E, Menendez R, Mensa J, et al. Effect of corticosteroids on treatment failure among hospitalized patients with severe community-acquired pneumonia and high inflammatory response: a randomized clinical trial. JAMA. 2015; Vol. 313:677-86.
    • (2015) , vol.313 , pp. 677-686
    • Torres, A.1    Sibila, O.2    Ferrer, M.3    Polverino, E.4    Menendez, R.5    Mensa, J.6
  • 30
    • 63049108682 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Low-dose hydrocortisone in paediatric septic shock: an exploratory study in a third world setting
    • Valoor HT, Singhi S, Jayashree M. Low-dose hydrocortisone in paediatric septic shock: an exploratory study in a third world setting. Pediatric Critical Care Medicine 2009;10:121-5.
    • (2009) Pediatric Critical Care Medicine , vol.10 , pp. 121-125
    • Valoor, H.T.1    Singhi, S.2    Jayashree, M.3
  • 31
    • 0023239471 scopus 로고
    • Effect of high-dose glucocorticoid therapy on mortality in patients with clinical signs of systemic sepsis
    • [PUBMED: 2888017]
    • The Veterans Administration Systemic Sepsis Cooperative Study Group. Effect of high-dose glucocorticoid therapy on mortality in patients with clinical signs of systemic sepsis. New England Journal of Medicine 1987;317(11):659-65. [PUBMED: 2888017]
    • (1987) New England Journal of Medicine , vol.317 , Issue.11 , pp. 659-665
  • 34
    • 33746885525 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effects of single dose of dexamethasone on patients with systemic inflammatory response
    • PUBMED: 16878192]
    • Cicarelli DD, Bensenor FEM, Vieira JE. Effects of single dose of dexamethasone on patients with systemic inflammatory response. Sao Paulo Medical Journal 2006;124:90-5. [PUBMED: 16878192]
    • (2006) Sao Paulo Medical Journal , vol.124 , pp. 90-95
    • Cicarelli, D.D.1    Bensenor, F.E.M.2    Vieira, J.E.3
  • 36
    • 0021712558 scopus 로고
    • Naloxone and methylprednisolone sodium succinate enhance sympathomedullary discharge in patients with septic shock
    • [PUBMED: 6390057]
    • Hughes GS Jr. Naloxone and methylprednisolone sodium succinate enhance sympathomedullary discharge in patients with septic shock. Life Sciences 1984;35(23):2319-26. [PUBMED: 6390057]
    • (1984) Life Sciences , vol.35 , Issue.23 , pp. 2319-2326
    • Hughes, G.S.1
  • 37
    • 38849102945 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Stress doses of hydrocortisone in septic shock: beneficial effects on opsonization-dependent neutrophil functions
    • PUBMED: 17906853]
    • Kaufmann I, Briegel J, Schliephake F, Hoelzl A, Chouker A, Hummel T, et al. Stress doses of hydrocortisone in septic shock: beneficial effects on opsonization-dependent neutrophil functions. Intensive Care Medicine 2008;34:344-9. [PUBMED: 17906853]
    • (2008) Intensive Care Medicine , vol.34 , pp. 344-349
    • Kaufmann, I.1    Briegel, J.2    Schliephake, F.3    Hoelzl, A.4    Chouker, A.5    Hummel, T.6
  • 38
    • 0015209138 scopus 로고
    • Effectiveness of betamethasone in management of severe infections. A double-blind study
    • PUBMED: 4929896]
    • Klastersky J, Cappel R, Debusscher L. Effectiveness of betamethasone in management of severe infections. A double-blind study. New England Journal of Medicine 1971;284(22):1248-50. [PUBMED: 4929896]
    • (1971) New England Journal of Medicine , vol.284 , Issue.22 , pp. 1248-1250
    • Klastersky, J.1    Cappel, R.2    Debusscher, L.3
  • 39
    • 0021359315 scopus 로고
    • The cardiopulmonary response to massive doses of steroids in patients with septic shock
    • [PUBMED: 6712466]
    • Lucas C, Ledgerwood A. The cardiopulmonary response to massive doses of steroids in patients with septic shock. Archives of Surgery 1984;119(5):537-41. [PUBMED: 6712466]
    • (1984) Archives of Surgery , vol.119 , Issue.5 , pp. 537-541
    • Lucas, C.1    Ledgerwood, A.2
  • 40
    • 0020659555 scopus 로고
    • Cortisol replacement in severely stressed patients
    • [PUBMED: 6131207]
    • McKee JI, Finlay WE. Cortisol replacement in severely stressed patients. Lancet 1983;1(8322):484. [PUBMED: 6131207]
    • (1983) Lancet , vol.1 , Issue.8322 , pp. 484
    • McKee, J.I.1    Finlay, W.E.2
  • 41
    • 0032496894 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effect of prolonged methylprednisolone therapy in unresolving acute respiratory distress syndrome: a randomized controlled trial
    • PUBMED: 9669790]
    • Meduri GU, Headley AS, Golden E, Carson SJ, Umberger RA, Kelso T, et al. Effect of prolonged methylprednisolone therapy in unresolving acute respiratory distress syndrome: a randomized controlled trial. JAMA 1998;280(2):159-65. [PUBMED: 9669790]
    • (1998) JAMA , vol.280 , Issue.2 , pp. 159-165
    • Meduri, G.U.1    Headley, A.S.2    Golden, E.3    Carson, S.J.4    Umberger, R.A.5    Kelso, T.6
  • 42
    • 34548569037 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Efficacy of corticosteroids in the treatment of community-acquired pneumonia requiring hospitalization
    • PUBMED: 17710485]
    • Mikami K, Suzuki M, Kitagawa H, Kawakami M, Hirota N, Yamaguchi H, et al. Efficacy of corticosteroids in the treatment of community-acquired pneumonia requiring hospitalization. Lung 2007;185:249-55. [PUBMED: 17710485]
    • (2007) Lung , vol.185 , pp. 249-255
    • Mikami, K.1    Suzuki, M.2    Kitagawa, H.3    Kawakami, M.4    Hirota, N.5    Yamaguchi, H.6
  • 43
    • 0014911402 scopus 로고
    • Large doses of steroids in septicaemic shock
    • [PUBMED: 4923652]
    • Rogers J. Large doses of steroids in septicaemic shock. British Journal of Urology 1970;42(6):742. [PUBMED: 4923652]
    • (1970) British Journal of Urology , vol.42 , Issue.6 , pp. 742
    • Rogers, J.1
  • 45
    • 85016510500 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Low-dose hydrocortisone reduces norepinephrine duration in severe burn patients: a randomized clinical trial
    • Venet F, Plassais J, Textoris J, Cazalis MA, Pachot A, Bertin-Maghit M, et al. Low-dose hydrocortisone reduces norepinephrine duration in severe burn patients: a randomized clinical trial. Critical Care 2015;19:21.
    • (2015) Critical Care , vol.19 , pp. 21
    • Venet, F.1    Plassais, J.2    Textoris, J.3    Cazalis, M.A.4    Pachot, A.5    Bertin-Maghit, M.6
  • 48
    • 84928423838 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Adjunct prednisone therapy for patients with community-acquired pneumonia: a multicentre, double-blind, randomised, placebo-controlled trial.
    • Blum CA, Nigro N, Briel M, Schuetz P, Ullmer E, Suter-Widmer I, et al. Adjunct prednisone therapy for patients with community-acquired pneumonia: a multicentre, double-blind, randomised, placebo-controlled trial. Lancet 2015;385:1511-8.
    • (2015) Lancet , vol.385 , pp. 1511-1518
    • Blum, C.A.1    Nigro, N.2    Briel, M.3    Schuetz, P.4    Ullmer, E.5    Suter-Widmer, I.6
  • 49
    • 84903701243 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Protocol for a randomised controlled trial of VAsopressin versus Noradrenaline as Initial therapy in Septic sHock (VANISH)
    • Gordon AC, Mason AJ, Perkins GD, Ashby D, Brett SJ. Protocol for a randomised controlled trial of VAsopressin versus Noradrenaline as Initial therapy in Septic sHock (VANISH). British Medical Journal Open 2014;4:e005866.
    • (2014) British Medical Journal Open , vol.4
    • Gordon, A.C.1    Mason, A.J.2    Perkins, G.D.3    Ashby, D.4    Brett, S.J.5
  • 50
    • 85041699054 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • 6-Methylprednisolone for multiple organ dysfunction syndrome
    • 01/08/2005
    • 6-Methylprednisolone for multiple organ dysfunction syndrome. Ongoing study 01/08/2005.
    • Ongoing study
  • 51
    • 85041718747 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Hydrocortisone versus hydrocortisone plus fludrocortisone for treatment of adrenal insufficiency in sepsis
    • September 2006
    • Hydrocortisone versus hydrocortisone plus fludrocortisone for treatment of adrenal insufficiency in sepsis. Ongoing study September 2006.
    • Ongoing study
  • 52
    • 85041748733 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Steroids in patients with early ARDS
    • February 2008
    • Steroids in patients with early ARDS. Ongoing study February 2008.
    • Ongoing study
  • 53
    • 85041800764 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Activated protein C and corticosteroids for human septic shock (APROCCHS)
    • April 2008
    • Activated protein C and corticosteroids for human septic shock (APROCCHS). Ongoing study April 2008.
    • Ongoing study
  • 54
    • 85041733134 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Hydrocortisone for prevention of septic shock
    • 01/06/2008
    • Hydrocortisone for prevention of septic shock. Ongoing study 01/06/2008.
    • Ongoing study
  • 55
    • 85041742814 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Evaluation of corticosteroid therapy in childhood severe sepsis: a randomized pilot study
    • 01/04/2008
    • Evaluation of corticosteroid therapy in childhood severe sepsis: a randomized pilot study. Ongoing study 01/04/2008.
    • Ongoing study
  • 56
    • 84884569939 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The ADRENAL study protocol: adjunctive corticosteroid treatment in critically ill patients with septic shock
    • Venkatesh B, Myburgh J, Finfer S, Webb SA, Cohen J, Bellomo R, et al. ANZICS CTG Investigtors. The ADRENAL study protocol: adjunctive corticosteroid treatment in critically ill patients with septic shock. Critical Care resuscitation 2013;15:83-8.
    • (2013) Critical Care resuscitation , vol.15 , pp. 83-88
    • Venkatesh, B.1    Myburgh, J.2    Finfer, S.3    Webb, S.A.4    Cohen, J.5    Bellomo, R.6
  • 57
    • 0026874127 scopus 로고
    • American College of Chest Physicians/Society of Critical Care Medicine Consensus Conference: definitions for sepsis and organ failure and guidelines for the use of innovative therapies in sepsis
    • [PUBMED: 1597042]
    • ACCP/SCCM Consensus Conference Panel. American College of Chest Physicians/Society of Critical Care Medicine Consensus Conference: definitions for sepsis and organ failure and guidelines for the use of innovative therapies in sepsis. Critical Care Medicine 1992;20(6):864-74. [PUBMED: 1597042]
    • (1992) Critical Care Medicine , vol.20 , Issue.6 , pp. 864-874
  • 59
    • 0342980285 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A 3-level prognostic classification in septic shock based on cortisol levels and cortisol response to corticotropin
    • PUBMED: 10697064]
    • Annane D, Sébille V, Troché G, Raphael JC, Gajdos P, Bellissant E. A 3-level prognostic classification in septic shock based on cortisol levels and cortisol response to corticotropin. JAMA 2000;283(8):1038-45. [PUBMED: 10697064]
    • (2000) JAMA , vol.283 , Issue.8 , pp. 1038-1045
    • Annane, D.1    Sébille, V.2    Troché, G.3    Raphael, J.C.4    Gajdos, P.5    Bellissant, E.6
  • 62
    • 58849166272 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Improving clinical trials in the critically ill: unique challenge: sepsis
    • [PUBMED: 19104211]
    • Annane D. Improving clinical trials in the critically ill: unique challenge: sepsis. Critical Care Medicine 2009;37 Suppl:117-28. [PUBMED: 19104211]
    • (2009) Critical Care Medicine , vol.37 , pp. 117-128
    • Annane, D.1
  • 64
    • 77955900726 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Glucocorticoids promote survival of anti-inflammatory macrophages via stimulation of adenosine receptor A3
    • Barczyk K, Ehrchen J, Tenbrock K, Ahlmann M, Kneidl J, Viemann D, et al. Glucocorticoids promote survival of anti-inflammatory macrophages via stimulation of adenosine receptor A3. Blood 2010;116:446-55.
    • (2010) Blood , vol.116 , pp. 446-455
    • Barczyk, K.1    Ehrchen, J.2    Tenbrock, K.3    Ahlmann, M.4    Kneidl, J.5    Viemann, D.6
  • 66
    • 0025891436 scopus 로고
    • Sepsis, the sepsis syndrome, multi-organ failure: a plea for comparable definitions
    • [PUBMED: 1987879]
    • Bone RC. Sepsis, the sepsis syndrome, multi-organ failure: a plea for comparable definitions. Annals of Internal Medicine 1991;114(4):332-3. [PUBMED: 1987879]
    • (1991) Annals of Internal Medicine , vol.114 , Issue.4 , pp. 332-333
    • Bone, R.C.1
  • 68
    • 0028113787 scopus 로고
    • Low-dose hydrocortisone infusion attenuates the systemic inflammatory response syndrome. The Phospholipase A2 Study Group
    • PUBMED: 7865982]
    • Briegel J, Kellermann W, Forst H, Haller M, Bittl M, Hoffmann GE, et al. Low-dose hydrocortisone infusion attenuates the systemic inflammatory response syndrome. The Phospholipase A2 Study Group. Clinical Investigation 1994;72:782-7. [PUBMED: 7865982]
    • (1994) Clinical Investigation , vol.72 , pp. 782-787
    • Briegel, J.1    Kellermann, W.2    Forst, H.3    Haller, M.4    Bittl, M.5    Hoffmann, G.E.6
  • 69
  • 70
    • 0029037126 scopus 로고
    • The hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis and immune-mediated inflammation
    • [PUBMED: 7715646]
    • Chrousos GP. The hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis and immune-mediated inflammation. New England Journal of Medicine 1995;322(20):1351-62. [PUBMED: 7715646]
    • (1995) New England Journal of Medicine , vol.322 , Issue.20 , pp. 1351-1362
    • Chrousos, G.P.1
  • 71
    • 0037456430 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Corticosteroid insufficiency in acutely ill patients
    • [PUBMED: 12594318]
    • Cooper MS, Stewart PM. Corticosteroid insufficiency in acutely ill patients. New England Journal of Medicine 2003;348(8):727-34. [PUBMED: 12594318]
    • (2003) New England Journal of Medicine , vol.348 , Issue.8 , pp. 727-734
    • Cooper, M.S.1    Stewart, P.M.2
  • 72
    • 0029090390 scopus 로고
    • Corticosteroid treatment for sepsis: a critical appraisal and meta-analysis of the literature
    • PUBMED: 7634816]
    • Cronin L, Cook DJ, Carlet J, Heyland DK, King D, Lansang MAD, et al. Corticosteroid treatment for sepsis: a critical appraisal and meta-analysis of the literature. Critical Care Medicine 1995;23(8):1430-9. [PUBMED: 7634816]
    • (1995) Critical Care Medicine , vol.23 , Issue.8 , pp. 1430-1439
    • Cronin, L.1    Cook, D.J.2    Carlet, J.3    Heyland, D.K.4    King, D.5    Lansang, M.A.D.6
  • 74
    • 37549020378 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Surviving Sepsis Campaign: international guidelines for management of severe sepsis and septic shock: 2008
    • PUBMED: 20035219]
    • Dellinger RP, Levy MM, Carlet JM, Bion J, Parker MM, Jaeschke R, et al. Surviving Sepsis Campaign: international guidelines for management of severe sepsis and septic shock: 2008. Critical Care Medicine 2008;36:296-327. [PUBMED: 20035219]
    • (2008) Critical Care Medicine , vol.36 , pp. 296-327
    • Dellinger, R.P.1    Levy, M.M.2    Carlet, J.M.3    Bion, J.4    Parker, M.M.5    Jaeschke, R.6
  • 75
    • 84873714375 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Surviving Sepsis Campaign: international guidelines for management of severe sepsis and septic shock, 2012
    • Dellinger RP, Levy MM, Rhodes A, Annane D, Gerlach H, Opal SM, et al. Surviving Sepsis Campaign Guidelines Committee including The Pediatric Subgroup. Surviving Sepsis Campaign: international guidelines for management of severe sepsis and septic shock, 2012. Intensive care Medicine 2013;39:165-228.
    • (2013) Intensive care Medicine , vol.39 , pp. 165-228
    • Dellinger, R.P.1    Levy, M.M.2    Rhodes, A.3    Annane, D.4    Gerlach, H.5    Opal, S.M.6
  • 76
    • 0035906296 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Physician interpretations and textbook definitions of blinding terminology in randomized controlled trials
    • PUBMED: 11308438]
    • Devereaux PJ, Manns BJ, Ghali WA, Quan H, Lacchetti C, Montori VM, et al. Physician interpretations and textbook definitions of blinding terminology in randomized controlled trials. JAMA 2001;285:2000-3. [PUBMED: 11308438]
    • (2001) JAMA , vol.285 , pp. 2000-2003
    • Devereaux, P.J.1    Manns, B.J.2    Ghali, W.A.3    Quan, H.4    Lacchetti, C.5    Montori, V.M.6
  • 77
  • 78
    • 8544232153 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Inhibition of glucocorticoid receptor binding by nitric oxide in endotoxemic rats
    • Duma D, Silva-Santos JE, Assreuy J. Inhibition of glucocorticoid receptor binding by nitric oxide in endotoxemic rats. Critical Care Medicine 2004;32:2304-10.
    • (2004) Critical Care Medicine , vol.32 , pp. 2304-2310
    • Duma, D.1    Silva-Santos, J.E.2    Assreuy, J.3
  • 79
    • 0030922816 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Bias in meta-analysis detected by a simple, graphical test
    • PUBMED: 9310563]
    • Egger M, Davey Smith G, Schneider M, Minder C. Bias in meta-analysis detected by a simple, graphical test. BMJ 1997;315:629-34. [PUBMED: 9310563]
    • (1997) BMJ , vol.315 , pp. 629-634
    • Egger, M.1    Davey Smith, G.2    Schneider, M.3    Minder, C.4
  • 80
    • 33846889318 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Glucocorticoids induce differentiation of a specifically activated, anti-inflammatory subtype of human monocytes
    • Ehrchen J, Steinmüller L, Barczyk K, Tenbrock K, Nacken W, Eisenacher M, et al. Glucocorticoids induce differentiation of a specifically activated, anti-inflammatory subtype of human monocytes. Blood 2007;109:1265-74.
    • (2007) Blood , vol.109 , pp. 1265-1274
    • Ehrchen, J.1    Steinmüller, L.2    Barczyk, K.3    Tenbrock, K.4    Nacken, W.5    Eisenacher, M.6
  • 81
    • 0020413274 scopus 로고
    • Steroid therapy in septic shock. Survival studies in a laboratory model
    • [PUBMED: 6760756]
    • Fabian TC, Patterson R. Steroid therapy in septic shock. Survival studies in a laboratory model. American Surgeon 1982;48(12):614-7. [PUBMED: 6760756]
    • (1982) American Surgeon , vol.48 , Issue.12 , pp. 614-617
    • Fabian, T.C.1    Patterson, R.2
  • 82
    • 1942500844 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Adult population incidence of severe sepsis in Australian and New Zealand intensive care units
    • PUBMED: 14963646]
    • Finfer S, Bellomo R, Lipman J, French C, Dobb G, Myburgh J. Adult population incidence of severe sepsis in Australian and New Zealand intensive care units. Intensive Care Medicine 2004;30:589-96. [PUBMED: 14963646]
    • (2004) Intensive Care Medicine , vol.30 , pp. 589-596
    • Finfer, S.1    Bellomo, R.2    Lipman, J.3    French, C.4    Dobb, G.5    Myburgh, J.6
  • 85
    • 43049113533 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • GRADE: an emerging consensus on rating quality of evidence and strength of recommendations
    • PUBMED: 18436948]
    • Guyatt GH, Oxman AD, Vist GE, Kunz R, Falck-Ytter Y, Alonso-Coello P, et al. GRADE Working Group. GRADE: an emerging consensus on rating quality of evidence and strength of recommendations. BMJ 2008;336:924-6. [PUBMED: 18436948]
    • (2008) BMJ , vol.336 , pp. 924-926
    • Guyatt, G.H.1    Oxman, A.D.2    Vist, G.E.3    Kunz, R.4    Falck-Ytter, Y.5    Alonso-Coello, P.6
  • 87
    • 0141454694 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Modulation of host defense by hydrocortisone in stress doses during endotoxaemia
    • PUBMED: 12879235
    • Heller AR, Heller SC, Borkenstein A, Stehr SN, Koch T. Modulation of host defense by hydrocortisone in stress doses during endotoxaemia. Intensive Care Medicine 2003;29:1456-63. [PUBMED: 12879235
    • (2003) Intensive Care Medicine , vol.29 , pp. 1456-1463
    • Heller, A.R.1    Heller, S.C.2    Borkenstein, A.3    Stehr, S.N.4    Koch, T.5
  • 88
    • 63849105841 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cochrane Handbook for Systematic Reviews of Interventions Version 5.1.0 [updated March 2011]
    • editors.
    • Higgins JPT, Green S, editors. Cochrane Handbook for Systematic Reviews of Interventions Version 5.1.0 [updated March 2011]. In: The Cochrane Collaboration, 2011. www.cochrane-handbook.org.
    • (2011) The Cochrane Collaboration
    • Higgins, J.P.T.1    Green, S.2
  • 89
    • 0013625058 scopus 로고
    • Differential effects of transforming growth factor type beta on the growth and function of adrenocortical cells in vitro
    • [PUBMED: 3020557]
    • Hotta M, Baird A. Differential effects of transforming growth factor type beta on the growth and function of adrenocortical cells in vitro. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 1986;83(20):7795-9. [PUBMED: 3020557]
    • (1986) Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America , vol.83 , Issue.20 , pp. 7795-7799
    • Hotta, M.1    Baird, A.2
  • 90
    • 0023575970 scopus 로고
    • Study on glucocorticoid receptors during intestinal ischemia shock and septic shock
    • PUBMED: 3690811]
    • Huang ZH, Gao H, Xu RB. Study on glucocorticoid receptors during intestinal ischemia shock and septic shock. Circulatory Shock 1987;23(1):27-36. [PUBMED: 3690811]
    • (1987) Circulatory Shock , vol.23 , Issue.1 , pp. 27-36
    • Huang, Z.H.1    Gao, H.2    Xu, R.B.3
  • 91
    • 8744229000 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Better reporting of harms in randomized trials: an extension of the CONSORT statement
    • Ioannidis JPA. Better reporting of harms in randomized trials: an extension of the CONSORT statement. Annals of Internal Medicine 2004;141:781-8.
    • (2004) Annals of Internal Medicine , vol.141 , pp. 781-788
    • Ioannidis, J.P.A.1
  • 92
    • 0026081771 scopus 로고
    • Tumor necrosis factor as a potent inhibitor of adrenocorticotropin-induced cortisol production and steroidogenic P450 enzyme gene expression in cultured human fetal adrenal cells
    • PUBMED: 1702707]
    • Jaattela M, Ilvesmaki V, Voutilainen R, Stenman UH, Saksela E. Tumor necrosis factor as a potent inhibitor of adrenocorticotropin-induced cortisol production and steroidogenic P450 enzyme gene expression in cultured human fetal adrenal cells. Endocrinology 1991;128(1):623-9. [PUBMED: 1702707]
    • (1991) Endocrinology , vol.128 , Issue.1 , pp. 623-629
    • Jaattela, M.1    Ilvesmaki, V.2    Voutilainen, R.3    Stenman, U.H.4    Saksela, E.5
  • 93
    • 79953826862 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Low-dose steroids for septic shock and severe sepsis: the use of Bayesian statistics to resolve clinical trial controversies
    • Kalil AC, Sun J. Low-dose steroids for septic shock and severe sepsis: the use of Bayesian statistics to resolve clinical trial controversies. Intensive Care Medicine 2011;37:420-9.
    • (2011) Intensive Care Medicine , vol.37 , pp. 420-429
    • Kalil, A.C.1    Sun, J.2
  • 95
    • 84902535677 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Early administration of hydrocortisone replacement after the advent of septic shock: impact on survival and immune response
    • Katsenos CS, Antonopoulou AN, Apostolidou EN, Ioakeimidou A, Kalpakou GT, Papanikolaou MN, et al. on behalf of the Hellenic Sepsis Study Group. Early administration of hydrocortisone replacement after the advent of septic shock: impact on survival and immune response. Critical Care Medicine 2014;42:1651-7.
    • (2014) Critical Care Medicine , vol.42 , pp. 1651-1657
    • Katsenos, C.S.1    Antonopoulou, A.N.2    Apostolidou, E.N.3    Ioakeimidou, A.4    Kalpakou, G.T.5    Papanikolaou, M.N.6
  • 96
    • 85041730139 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Understanding the inflammatory cytokine response in pneumonia and sepsis: results of the Genetic and Inflammatory Markers of Sepsis (GenIMS) Study
    • PUBMED: 17698689]
    • Kellum JA, Kong L, Fink MP, Weissfeld LA, Yealy DM, Pinsky MR, et al. Understanding the inflammatory cytokine response in pneumonia and sepsis: results of the Genetic and Inflammatory Markers of Sepsis (GenIMS) Study. Archives of Internal Medicine 2007;168:1468-9. [PUBMED: 17698689]
    • (2007) Archives of Internal Medicine , vol.168 , pp. 1468-1469
    • Kellum, J.A.1    Kong, L.2    Fink, M.P.3    Weissfeld, L.A.4    Yealy, D.M.5    Pinsky, M.R.6
  • 97
    • 0029036182 scopus 로고
    • Steroid controversy in sepsis and septic shock: a meta-analysis
    • [PUBMED: 7600840]
    • Lefering R, Neugebauer EAM. Steroid controversy in sepsis and septic shock: a meta-analysis. Critical Care Medicine 1995;23(7):1294-303. [PUBMED: 7600840]
    • (1995) Critical Care Medicine , vol.23 , Issue.7 , pp. 1294-1303
    • Lefering, R.1    Neugebauer, E.A.M.2
  • 99
    • 34248164952 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effect of mode of hydrocortisone administration on glycemic control in patients with septic shock: a prospective randomized trial
    • PUBMED: 17306016]
    • Loisa P, Parviainen I, Tenhunen J, Hovilehto S, Ruokonen E. Effect of mode of hydrocortisone administration on glycemic control in patients with septic shock: a prospective randomized trial. Critical Care 2007;11:R21. [PUBMED: 17306016]
    • (2007) Critical Care , vol.11
    • Loisa, P.1    Parviainen, I.2    Tenhunen, J.3    Hovilehto, S.4    Ruokonen, E.5
  • 101
    • 45149105776 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Recommendations for the diagnosis and management of corticosteroid insufficiency in critically ill adult patients: consensus statements from an international task force by the American College of Critical Care Medicine
    • Marik PE, Pastores SM, Annane D, Meduri GU, Sprung CL, Arlt W, et al. Recommendations for the diagnosis and management of corticosteroid insufficiency in critically ill adult patients: consensus statements from an international task force by the American College of Critical Care Medicine. Critical Care Medicine 2008;36:1937-49.
    • (2008) Critical Care Medicine , vol.36 , pp. 1937-1949
    • Marik, P.E.1    Pastores, S.M.2    Annane, D.3    Meduri, G.U.4    Sprung, C.L.5    Arlt, W.6
  • 102
    • 0037451929 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The epidemiology of sepsis in the United States from 1979 through 2000
    • PUBMED: 12700374]
    • Martin GS, Mannino DM, Eaton S, Moss M. The epidemiology of sepsis in the United States from 1979 through 2000. New England Journal of Medicine 2003;348:1546-54. [PUBMED: 12700374]
    • (2003) New England Journal of Medicine , vol.348 , pp. 1546-1554
    • Martin, G.S.1    Mannino, D.M.2    Eaton, S.3    Moss, M.4
  • 103
    • 0031867469 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Duration of glucocorticoid treatment and outcome in sepsis: is the right drug used the wrong way?
    • [PUBMED: 9726712]
    • Meduri GU, Chrousos GP. Duration of glucocorticoid treatment and outcome in sepsis: is the right drug used the wrong way?. Chest 1998;114(2):355-60. [PUBMED: 9726712]
    • (1998) Chest , vol.114 , Issue.2 , pp. 355-360
    • Meduri, G.U.1    Chrousos, G.P.2
  • 104
    • 0000950760 scopus 로고
    • Comparative studies on adrenal cortical function and cortisol metabolism in healthy adults and in patients with shock due to infection
    • Melby JC, Spink WW. Comparative studies on adrenal cortical function and cortisol metabolism in healthy adults and in patients with shock due to infection. Journal of Clinical Investigation 1958;37:1791-8.
    • (1958) Journal of Clinical Investigation , vol.37 , pp. 1791-1798
    • Melby, J.C.1    Spink, W.W.2
  • 105
    • 84895931849 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A systematic review and meta-analysis on the effect of steroids in pediatric shock
    • Menon K, McNally D, Choong K, Sampson M. A systematic review and meta-analysis on the effect of steroids in pediatric shock. Pediatric Critical Care Medicine 2013;14:474-80.
    • (2013) Pediatric Critical Care Medicine , vol.14 , pp. 474-480
    • Menon, K.1    McNally, D.2    Choong, K.3    Sampson, M.4
  • 106
    • 0029166231 scopus 로고
    • Temperature-induced down-regulation of the glucocorticoid receptor in peripheral blood mononuclear leucocyte in patients with sepsis or septic shock
    • PUBMED: 7554315]
    • Molijn GJ, Koper JW, van Uffelen CJ, de Jong FH, Brinkmann AO, Bruining HA, et al. Temperature-induced down-regulation of the glucocorticoid receptor in peripheral blood mononuclear leucocyte in patients with sepsis or septic shock. Clinical Endocrinology 1995;43(2):197-203. [PUBMED: 7554315]
    • (1995) Clinical Endocrinology , vol.43 , Issue.2 , pp. 197-203
    • Molijn, G.J.1    Koper, J.W.2    van Uffelen, C.J.3    de Jong, F.H.4    Brinkmann, A.O.5    Bruining, H.A.6
  • 107
    • 77954409849 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Updating the evidence for the role of corticosteroids in severe sepsis and septic shock: a Bayesian meta-analytic perspective
    • Moran JL, Graham PL, RockliffS, Bersten AD. Updating the evidence for the role of corticosteroids in severe sepsis and septic shock: a Bayesian meta-analytic perspective. Critical Care 2010;14:R134.
    • (2010) Critical Care , vol.14
    • Moran, J.L.1    Graham, P.L.2    Rockliff, S.3    Bersten, A.D.4
  • 108
    • 0345874610 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Steroid-hormone rapid actions, membrane receptors, and a conformational ensemble model
    • Norman AW, Mizwicki MT, Norman DP. Steroid-hormone rapid actions, membrane receptors, and a conformational ensemble model. Nature Revue Drug Discovery 2004;3:27-41.
    • (2004) Nature Revue Drug Discovery , vol.3 , pp. 27-41
    • Norman, A.W.1    Mizwicki, M.T.2    Norman, D.P.3
  • 109
    • 0041329604 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Epidemiology of severe sepsis occurring in the first 24 hrs in intensive care units in England, Wales, and Northern Ireland
    • PUBMED: 14501964]
    • Padkin A, Goldfrad C, Brady AR, Young D, Black N, Rowan K. Epidemiology of severe sepsis occurring in the first 24 hrs in intensive care units in England, Wales, and Northern Ireland. Critical Care Medicine 2003;31:2332-8. [PUBMED: 14501964]
    • (2003) Critical Care Medicine , vol.31 , pp. 2332-2338
    • Padkin, A.1    Goldfrad, C.2    Brady, A.R.3    Young, D.4    Black, N.5    Rowan, K.6
  • 110
    • 84855433653 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Early initiation of low-dose corticosteroid therapy in the management of septic shock: a retrospective observational study
    • Park HY, Suh GY, Song JU, Yoo H, Jo IJ, Shin TG, et al. Early initiation of low-dose corticosteroid therapy in the management of septic shock: a retrospective observational study. Critical Care 2012;16:R3.
    • (2012) Critical Care , vol.16
    • Park, H.Y.1    Suh, G.Y.2    Song, J.U.3    Yoo, H.4    Jo, I.J.5    Shin, T.G.6
  • 111
    • 0027920980 scopus 로고
    • Pathogenic mechanisms of septic shock
    • Parrillo JE. Pathogenic mechanisms of septic shock. New England Journal of Medicine 1993;328(20):1471-7.
    • (1993) New England Journal of Medicine , vol.328 , Issue.20 , pp. 1471-1477
    • Parrillo, J.E.1
  • 112
    • 48249154815 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Contour-enhanced meta-analysis funnel plots help distinguish publication bias from other causes of asymmetry
    • Peters JL, Sutton AJ, Jones DR, Abrams KR, Rushton L. Contour-enhanced meta-analysis funnel plots help distinguish publication bias from other causes of asymmetry. Journal of Clinical Epidemiology 2008;61:991-6.
    • (2008) Journal of Clinical Epidemiology , vol.61 , pp. 991-996
    • Peters, J.L.1    Sutton, A.J.2    Jones, D.R.3    Abrams, K.R.4    Rushton, L.5
  • 114
    • 69549099882 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Review Manager (RevMan) Version 5.0
    • Copenhagen: The Nordic Cochrane Centre, The Cochrane Collaboration
    • The Nordic Cochrane Centre, The Cochrane Collaboration. Review Manager (RevMan) Version 5.0. Copenhagen: The Nordic Cochrane Centre, The Cochrane Collaboration, 2008.
    • (2008)
  • 115
    • 26844433194 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Antiinflammatory action of glucocorticoids: new mechanisms for old drugs
    • Rhen T, Cidlowski JA. Antiinflammatory action of glucocorticoids: new mechanisms for old drugs. New England Journal of Medicine 2005;353:1711-23.
    • (2005) New England Journal of Medicine , vol.353 , pp. 1711-1723
    • Rhen, T.1    Cidlowski, J.A.2
  • 116
    • 0025974325 scopus 로고
    • Cortisol response to corticotropin and survival in septic shock
    • Rothwell PM, Udwadia ZF, Lawler PG. Cortisol response to corticotropin and survival in septic shock. Lancet 1991;337(8741):582-3.
    • (1991) Lancet , vol.337 , Issue.8741 , pp. 582-583
    • Rothwell, P.M.1    Udwadia, Z.F.2    Lawler, P.G.3
  • 117
    • 10744222951 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Apoptosis of neurons in cardiovascular autonomic centres triggered by inducible nitric oxide synthase after death from septic shock
    • Sharshar T1, Gray F, Lorin de la Grandmaison G, Hopkinson NS, Ross E, Dorandeu A, et al. Apoptosis of neurons in cardiovascular autonomic centres triggered by inducible nitric oxide synthase after death from septic shock. The Lancet 2003;362:1799-805.
    • (2003) The Lancet , vol.362 , pp. 1799-1805
    • Sharshar, T.1    Gray, F.2    Lorin de la Grandmaison, G.3    Hopkinson, N.S.4    Ross, E.5    Dorandeu, A.6
  • 118
    • 84864006410 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Do low-dose corticosteroids improve mortality or shock reversal in patients with septic shock? A systematic review and position statement prepared for the American Academy of Emergency Medicine
    • Sherwin RL, Garcia AJ, Bilkovski R. Do low-dose corticosteroids improve mortality or shock reversal in patients with septic shock? A systematic review and position statement prepared for the American Academy of Emergency Medicine. Journal of Emergency Medicine 2012;43:7-12.
    • (2012) Journal of Emergency Medicine , vol.43 , pp. 7-12
    • Sherwin, R.L.1    Garcia, A.J.2    Bilkovski, R.3
  • 120
    • 1942500845 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • EPISEPSIS: a reappraisal of the epidemiology and outcome of severe sepsis in French intensive care units
    • [PUBMED: 14997295]
    • The EPISPESIS Group. EPISEPSIS: a reappraisal of the epidemiology and outcome of severe sepsis in French intensive care units. Intensive Care Medicine 2004;30:580-8. [PUBMED: 14997295]
    • (2004) Intensive Care Medicine , vol.30 , pp. 580-588
  • 121
    • 5444268808 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Low-dose dexamethasone ameliorates circulatory failure and renal dysfunction in conscious rats with endotoxemia
    • Tsao CM, Ho ST, Chen A, Wang JJ, Li CY, Tsai SK, et al. Low-dose dexamethasone ameliorates circulatory failure and renal dysfunction in conscious rats with endotoxemia. Shock 2004;21::484-91.
    • (2004) Shock , vol.21 , pp. 484-491
    • Tsao, C.M.1    Ho, S.T.2    Chen, A.3    Wang, J.J.4    Li, C.Y.5    Tsai, S.K.6
  • 122
    • 33748306058 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Glucocorticoids inhibit the cerebral microvascular dysfunction associated with sepsis in obese mice
    • PUBMED: 16864414]
    • Vachharajani V, Vital S, Russell J, Scott LK, Granger DN. Glucocorticoids inhibit the cerebral microvascular dysfunction associated with sepsis in obese mice. Microcirculation 2006;13:477-87. [PUBMED: 16864414]
    • (2006) Microcirculation , vol.13 , pp. 477-487
    • Vachharajani, V.1    Vital, S.2    Russell, J.3    Scott, L.K.4    Granger, D.N.5
  • 123
    • 50849139609 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Glucocorticoids induce an activated, anti-inflammatory monocyte subset in mice that resembles myeloid-derived suppressor cells
    • Varga G, Ehrchen J, Tsianakas A, Tenbrock K, Rattenholl A, Seeliger S, et al. Glucocorticoids induce an activated, anti-inflammatory monocyte subset in mice that resembles myeloid-derived suppressor cells. Journal of Leukocyte Biology 2008;84:644-50.
    • (2008) Journal of Leukocyte Biology , vol.84 , pp. 644-650
    • Varga, G.1    Ehrchen, J.2    Tsianakas, A.3    Tenbrock, K.4    Rattenholl, A.5    Seeliger, S.6
  • 124
    • 0030015661 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The SOFA (Sepsis-related Organ Failure Assessment) score to describe organ dysfunction/failure. On behalf of the Working Group on Sepsis-Related Problems of the European Society of Intensive Care Medicine
    • Vincent JL, Moreno R, Takala J, Willatts S, De Mendonça A, Bruining H, et al. The SOFA (Sepsis-related Organ Failure Assessment) score to describe organ dysfunction/failure. On behalf of the Working Group on Sepsis-Related Problems of the European Society of Intensive Care Medicine. Intensive Care Medicine 1996;22:707-10.
    • (1996) Intensive Care Medicine , vol.22 , pp. 707-710
    • Vincent, J.L.1    Moreno, R.2    Takala, J.3    Willatts, S.4    De Mendonça, A.5    Bruining, H.6
  • 127
    • 67049108021 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Corticosteroids in the treatment of severe sepsis and septic shock in adults: a systematic review
    • PUBMED: 19509383]
    • Annane D, Bellissant E, Bollaert PE, Briegel J, Confalonieri M, De Gaudio R, et al. Corticosteroids in the treatment of severe sepsis and septic shock in adults: a systematic review. JAMA 2009;301:2362-75. [PUBMED: 19509383]
    • (2009) JAMA , vol.301 , pp. 2362-2375
    • Annane, D.1    Bellissant, E.2    Bollaert, P.E.3    Briegel, J.4    Confalonieri, M.5    De Gaudio, R.6


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.