Effectiveness of psychosocial intervention enhancing resilience among war-affected children and the moderating role of family factors

Child Abuse and Neglect

Volumn 40, Issue , 2015, Pages 24-35

  Diab, Marwan ^a,b   Peltonen, Kirsi ^a   Qouta, Samir R ^c   Palosaari, Esa ^a   Punamäki, Raija Leena ^a  

^a TAMPERE UNIVERSITY OF TECHNOLOGY   (Finland)

^b Gaza Community Mental Health Programme   (Palestine)

^c ISLAMIC UNIVERSITY OF GAZA   (Palestine)

Author keywords

Attachment; Children; Family atmosphere; Psychosocial intervention; Resilience; War trauma

Indexed keywords

ADAPTIVE BEHAVIOR; ADOLESCENT; AGE DISTRIBUTION; ARTICLE; BATTLE INJURY; BEHAVIOR CHANGE; BRAIN PROTECTION; CHILD; CHILD CARE; CLINICAL EFFECTIVENESS; CONTROLLED STUDY; COPING BEHAVIOR; DISEASE ASSOCIATION; FAMILY COUNSELING; FAMILY RELATION; FEMALE; FOLLOW UP; HEALTH IMPACT ASSESSMENT; HUMAN; MAJOR CLINICAL STUDY; MALE; MENTAL DISEASE; MIDDLE EAST; OUTCOME ASSESSMENT; PSYCHIATRIC TREATMENT; PSYCHOLOGICAL WELL BEING; QUESTIONNAIRE; RANDOMIZED CONTROLLED TRIAL; SCHOOL CHILD; SELF REPORT; SEX RATIO; TEACHING RECOVERY TECHNIQUE; TREATMENT OUTCOME; WAR;

ADAPTATION, PSYCHOLOGICAL; ADOLESCENT; CHILD; FAMILY RELATIONS; FEMALE; HUMANS; MALE; MIDDLE EAST; QUESTIONNAIRES; TREATMENT OUTCOME; WAR;

EID: 84963954690     PISSN: 01452134     EISSN: 18737757     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.chiabu.2014.12.002     Document Type: Article

References (71)

1. American Psychiatric Association Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders 2013, Author, Arlington, VA. 5th ed.
2. Attanayake V., McKay R., Joffres M., Singh S., Burkle F., Mills E. Prevalence of mental disorders among children exposed to war: A systematic review of 7,920 children. Medicine of Conflict Survivors 2009, 25(1):4-19. 10.1080/13623690802568913.
3. Barber B.K. Annual research review: The experience of youth with political conflict: Challenging notions of resilience and encouraging research refinement. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry 2013, 54(4):461-473. 10.1111/jcpp.12056.
4. Barber B.K. Political violence, social integration, and youth functioning: Palestinian youth from the Intifada. Journal of Community Psychology 2001, 29:259-280. 10.1002/jcop.1017.
5. Barber B.K., Schluterman J.M. Connectedness in the lives of children and adolescents: A call for greater conceptual clarity. [Review]. Journal of Adolescence Health 2008, 43(3):209-216. 10.1016/j.jadohealth.2008.01.012.
6. Barron I.G., Abdallah G., Smith P. Randomized control trial of a CBT trauma recovery program in Palestinian schools. Journal of Loss and Trauma: International Perspectives on Stress & Coping 2012, 18:306-321. 10.1080/15325024.2012.688712.
7. Barry M.M., Clarke A.M., Jenkins R., Patel V. A systematic review of the effectiveness of mental health promotion interventions for young people in low and middle income countries. BMC Public Health 2013, 13:835-854.
8. Beardslee W.R., Gladstone T.R.G., Wright E.J., Cooper A.B. A family-based approach to the prevention of depressive symptoms in children at risk: Evidence of parental and child change. Pediatrics 2003, 112:119-126.
9. Betancourt T.S. Attending to the mental health of war-affected children: The need for longitudinal and developmental research perspectives. Journal of American Academy of Child Adolescence Psychiatry 2011, 50(4):323-325. 10.1016/j.jaac.2011.01.008.
10. Betancourt T.S., Meyers-Ohki S.E., Charrow A.P., Tol W.A. Interventions for children affected by war: An ecological perspective on psychosocial support and mental health care. Harvard Review of Psychiatry 2013, 21(2):70-91. 10.1097/Hrp.0b013e318283bf8f.
11. Betancourt T.S., Salhi C., Buka S., Leaning J., Dunn J., Earls F. Connectedness, social support and internalising emotional and behavioural problems in adolescents displaced by the Chechen conflict. Disasters 2011, 36(4):635-655. 10.1111/j.14677717.2012.01280.x.
12. Bonanno G.A., Mancini A.D. The human capacity to thrive in the face of potential trauma. Pediatrics 2008, 121(2):369-375. 10.1542/peds.2007-1648.
13. Bowlby J. Attachment and loss: Retrospect and prospect. American Journal of Orthopsychiatry 1982, 52(4):664-678. 10.1111/j.1939-0025.1982.tb01456.x.
14. Cohen E., Dekel R., Solomon Z. Long-term adjustment and the role of attachment among Holocaust child survivors. Personality and Individual Differences 2002, 33(2):299-310. 10.1016/S0191-8869(01)00156-8.
15. Cummings E.M., Taylor L.K., Merrilees C.E., Goeke-Morey M.C., Shirlow P., Cairns E. Relations between political violence and child Adjustment: A four-wave test of the role of emotional insecurity about community. Developmental Psycholology 2013, 49(12):2212-2224. 10.1037/a0032309.
16. Curtis W.J., Cicchetti D. Moving research on resilience into the 21st century: Theoretical and methodological considerations in examining the biological contributors to resilience. Developmental Psychopathology 2003, 15(3):773-810. 10.1017/S0954579403000373.
17. Diab M., Punamäki R.-L., Palosaari E., Qouta S.R. Can psychosocial intervention improve peer and sibling relations among war-affected children? Impact and mediating analyses in a Randomized Controlled Trial. Social Development 2014, 23:215-231. 10.1111/sode.12052.
18. Dubow E.F., Huesmann L.R., Boxer P. A social-cognitive-ecological framework for understanding the impact of exposure to persistent ethnic-political violence on children's psychosocial adjustment. Clinical Child and Family Psychological Revies 2009, 12(2):113-126. 10.1007/s10567-009-0050-57.
19. Durlak J.A., Weissberg R.P., Dymnicki A.B., Taylor R.D., Schellinger K.B. The impact of enhancing students' social and emotional learning: A meta-analysis of school-based universal interventions. Child Development 2011, 82:405-432.
20. Eggerman M., Panter-Brick C. Suffering, hope, and entrapment: Resilience and cultural values in Afghanistan. Social Science & Medicine 2010, 71(1):71-83. 10.1016/j.socscimed.2010.03.023.
21. Eggerman M., Panter-Brick C. "Life feeds on Hope": Family mental health, culture and resilience. Children of Afganistan: The path to peace 2014, 233-250. University of Texas Press, Austin, TX. J. Heath, A. Zahedi (Eds.).
22. Ehntholt K.A., Smith P.A., Yule W. School-based cognitive-behavioural therapy group intervention for refugee children who have experienced war-related trauma. Clinical Child Psychology and Psychiatry 2005, 10(2):235-250. 10.1177/1359104505051214.
23. Eisenberg N., Spinrad T.L., Eggum N.D. Emotion-related self-regulation and its relation to children's maladjustment. Annual Review of Clinical Psychology 2010, 6:495-525.
24. Ehlers A., Clark D.M. A cognitive model of posttraumatic stress disorder. Behaviour Research and Therapy 2000, 38:319-345.
25. Foa E.B., Cahill S.P. Psychological therapies: Emotional processing. International Encyclopedia of Social and Behavioral Sciences 2001, 12363-12369. Elsevier, Oxford. N.J. Smelser, P.B. Bates (Eds.).
26. Fonagy P. Prevention, the appropriate target of infant psychotherapy. Infant Mental Health Journal 1998, 19(2):124-150. doi:10.1002/(SICI)1097-0355(199822)19:2<124.
27. Gelkopf M., Berger R. A school-based, teacher-mediated prevention program (ERASE-Stress) for reducing terror-related traumatic reactions in Israeli youth: A quasi-randomized controlled trial. Journal of Child Psychol Psychiatry 2009, 50(8):962-971. 10.1111/j.1469-7610.2008.02021.x.
28. Goodman R. The strengths and difficulties questionnaire: A research note. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry 1997, 38(5):581-586. 10.1111/j.1469-7610.1997.tb01545.x.
29. Jordans M.J., Komproe I.H., Tol W.A., Kohrt B.A., Luitel N.P., Macy R.D., de Jong J.T. Evaluation of a classroom-based psychosocial intervention in conflict-affected Nepal: A cluster randomized controlled trial. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry 2010, 51(7):818-826. 10.1111/j.1469-7610.2010.02209.x.
30. Jordans M.J.D., Tol W.A., Komproe I.H. Mental health interventions for children in adversity: Pilot-testing a research strategy for treatment selection in low-income settings. Social Science & Medicine 2011, 73(3):456-466. 10.1016/j.socscimed.2011.06.004.
31. Jordans M.J.D., Tol W.A., Komproe I.H., de Jong J.V.T.M. Systematic review of evidence and treatment approaches: Psychosocial and mental health care for children in war. Child and Adolescent Mental Health 2009, 14(1):2-14. 10.1111/j.1475-3588.2008.00515.x.
32. Kerns K.A., Klepac L., Cole A. Peer relationships and preadolescents' perceptions of security in the child-mother relationship. Developmental Psychology 1996, 32(3):457-466. 10.1037/0012-1649.32.3.457.
33. Keyes C.L.M., Wissing M., Potgieter J.P., Temane M., Kruger A., van Rooy S. Evaluation of the mental health continuum-short form (MHC-SF) in Setswana-speaking South Africans. Clinical Psychology & Psychotherapy 2008, 15(3):181-192. 10.1002/Cpp.572.
34. Khamis V. Child Psychological Maltreatment in Palestinian families. Child Abuse & Neglect 2000, 24:1047-1059.
35. Khamis V., Macy R., Coingnez V. The impact of the classroom/community/cam-based intervention (CBI) program in Palestinian children 2004, Save the Children, USA.
36. Kieling C., Baker-Henningham H., Belfer M., Conti G-, Ertem I., Omigbodum O., Rohde L.A., Srinath S. Child and adolescent mental health worldwide: Evidence for action. Lancet 2011, 378:1515-1525.
37. Kish L. Survey sampling 1965, Wiley, New York.
38. Loughry M., Ager A., Flouri E., Khamis V., Afana A.H., Qouta S. The impact of structured activities among Palestinian children in a time of conflict. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry 2006, 47:1211-1218.
39. Masten A.S. Resilience in developing systems: Progress and promise as the fourth wave rises. Development and Psychopathology 2007, 19(3):921-930. 10.1017/S0954579407000442.
40. Masten A.S., Obradovic J. Competence and resilience in development. Annual New York Academy of Science 2006, 1094:13-27. 10.1196/annals.1376.003.
41. Masten A.S., Narayan A.J. Child Development in the Context of Disaster, War, and Terrorism: Pathways of Risk and Resilience. Annual Review of Psychology 2012, 63(63):227-257. 10.1146/annurev-psych-120710-100356.
42. Meltzer H., Gatward R., Goodman R., Ford F. Mental health of children and adolescents in Great Britain 2000, The Stationery Office, London.
43. Mikulincer M., Shaver P.R., Horesh N. Attachment bases of emotion regulation and posttraumatic adjustment. Emotion regulation in families: Pathways to dysfunction and health 2006, 77-99. American Psychological Association, Washington, DC. J.A.S.D.K. Snyder, J.N. Hughes (Eds.).
44. Palosaari E., Punamaki R.L., Qouta S., Diab M. Intergenerational effects of war trauma among Palestinian families mediated via psychological maltreatment. Child Abuse & Neglect 2013, 37(11). 10.1016/j.chiabu.2013.04.006.
45. Panter-Brick C., Goodman A., Tol W., Eggerman M. Mental health and childhood adversities: A longitudinal study in Kabul, Afghanistan. Journal of American Academy of Child and Adolescence Psychiatry 2011, 50(4):349-363. 10.1016/j.jaac.2010.12.001.
46. Peltonen K., Qouta S., El Sarraj E., Punamaki R.L. Military trauma and social development: The moderating and mediating roles of peer and sibling relations in mental health. International Journal of Behavioral Development 2010, 34(6):554-563. 10.1170165025410368943/7.
47. Peltonen K., Punamaki R.L. Preventive interventions among children exposed to trauma of armed conflict: A literature review. Aggressive Behavior 2010, 36(2):95-116. 10.1002/Ab.20334.
48. Persson T.J., Rousseau C. School-based interventions for minors in war-exposed countries: A review of targeted and general programmes. Torture 2009, 19(1):88-101.
49. Punamäki R.-L., Qouta S., El Sarraj E. Models of traumatic experiences and children's psychological adjustment: The roles of perceived parenting and children's own resources and activity. Child Development 1997, 68(4):718-728.
50. Punamäki R.L., Qouta S., Miller T., El-Sarraj E. Who are the resilient children in condition of military violence? Family- and child-related factors in a Palestinian community sample. Journal of Peace and Conflict 2011, 17:389-416. 10.1080/10781919.2011.610722.
51. Punamäki R.-L., Peltonen K., Diab M., Qouta S.R. Psychosocial interventions and emotion regulation among war-affected children: Randomized Control Trial effects. Traumatology 2014, 10.1037/h0099856.
52. Qouta S.R., Palosaari E., Diab M., Punamäki R.-L. Intervention effectiveness among war-affected children: A cluster randomized controlled trial on improving mental health. Journal of Traumatic Stress 2012, 25:288-298. 10.1002/jts.21707.
53. Rutter M. Resilience as a dynamic concept. Development and Psychopathology 2012, 24(2):335-344. 10.1017/S0954579412000028.
54. Spellings C.R., Barber B.K., Olsen J.A. Political activism of Palestinian youth: Exploring individual, parental, and ecological factors. Journal of Marriage and Family 2012, 74(5):1084-1100. 10.1111/j.1741-3737.2012.01002.x.
55. Steinberg G., Herzberg A. The Goldstone Report "Reconsidered": A Critical Analysis 2011, NGO Monitor & the Jerusalem Center for Public Affairs, Jerusalem.
56. Thabet A.A., Abdulla T., El Helou M., Vostanis P. Effect of trauma on children mental health in the Gaza Strip and West Bank. Protection of children during armed political conflict. A Multidisciplinary Perspective 2006, 123-138. Intersentia Publishers, London. C.W. Greenbaum, P. Veerman, N. Bacon-Shnoor (Eds.).
57. Thabet A.A., Ibraheem A.N., Shivram R., Winter E.A., Vostanis P. Parenting support and PTSD in children of a war zone [Comparative Study]. International Journal of Social Psychiatry 2009, 55(3):226-237. 10.1177/0020764008096100.
58. Thabet A.A., Tawahina A.A., El Sarraj E., Vostanis P. Exposure to war trauma and PTSD among parents and children in the Gaza strip. European Child & Adolescent Psychiatry 2008, 17(4):191-199. 10.1007/s00787-007-0653-9.
59. Thabet A., Stretch D., Vostanis P. Child mental health problems in Arab children: Application of the strengths and difficulties questionnaire. International Journal of Social Psychiatry 2000, 46(4):266-280. 10.1177/002076400004600404.
60. Tol W.A., Song S., Jordans M.J. Annual Research Review: Resilience and mental health in children and adolescents living in areas of armed conflict -- A systematic review of findings in low- and middle-income countries. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry 2013, 54(4):445-460. 10.1111/jcpp.12053.
61. Tol W.A., Komproe I.H., Susanty D., Jordans M.J., Macy R.D., De Jong J.T. School-based mental health intervention for children affected by political violence in Indonesia: A cluster randomized trial. JAMA 2008, 300(6):655-662. 10.1001/jama.300.6.655.
62. Tol W.A., Song S., Jordans M.J. Annual Research Review: Resilience and mental health in children and adolescents living in areas of armed conflict -- A systematic review of findings in low- and middle-income countries. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry 2013, 54(4):445-460. 10.1111/jcpp.12053.
63. Ukoumunne O.C., Gulliford M.C., Chinn S., Sterne J.A.C., Burney P.G.J., Donner A. Methods in health service research-evaluation of health interventions at area and organisation level. British Medical Journal 1999, 319:376-379. 10.1136/bmj.319.7206.376.
64. Ungar M. Researching and theorizing resilience across cultures and contexts. Preventive Medicine 2012, 55(5):387-389. 10.1016/j.ypmed.2012.07.021.
65. Ungar M. Resilience, trauma, context, and culture. Trauma Violence Abuse 2013, 14(3):255-266. 10.1177/1524838013487805.
66. Ungar M., Liebenberg L. Assessing resilience across cultures using mixed methods: Construction of the child and youth resilience measure. Journal of Multiple Methods in Research 2011, 5:126-149.
67. UNDP United Nations Development Programme (2010, May 20). One year after: Gaza early recovery and reconstruction needs assessment. Retrieved from http://unispal.un.org/UNISPAL.NSF/0/276B3267FDF0A0948525772D0051B669.
68. UN OCHA Locked in: The humanitarian impact of the two year blockade on the Gaza Strip Special Focus 2009 2009, UN: Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs occupied Palestinian Territory, East Jerusalem.
69. Werner E., Smith R. Vulnerable but invincible: A longitudinal study of resilient children and youth 1982, McGraw-Hill, New York.
70. Wolmer L., Hamiel D., Laor N. Preventing children's posttraumatic stress after disaster with teacher-based intervention: A controlled study. Journal of American Academy of Child and Adolescence Psychiatry 2011, 50(4). 340-348, 348 e341-e342. 10.1016/j.jaac.2011.01.002.
71. Zou G. A modified Poisson regression approach to prospective studies with binary data. American Journal of Epidemiology 2004, 159:702-706. 10.1093/aje/kwh090.