메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 18, Issue 4, 2016, Pages 437-446

Nicotine metabolism in young adult daily menthol and nonmenthol smokers

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

3' HYDROXYCOTININE; BIOLOGICAL MARKER; CARBON MONOXIDE; COTININE; CYTOCHROME P450 2A6; MENTHOL; NICOTINE; TOBACCO SMOKE; HYDROXYCOTININE;

EID: 84963829835     PISSN: 14622203     EISSN: 1469994X     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1093/ntr/ntv109     Document Type: Article
Times cited : (30)

References (58)
  • 1
    • 84893235639 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Atlanta, GA: U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, Office on Smoking and Health
    • U.S. Department of Health and Human Services. The Health Consequences of Smoking- 50 Years of Progress: A Report of the Surgeon General. Atlanta, GA: U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, Office on Smoking and Health; 2014.
    • (2014) The Health Consequences of Smoking- 50 Years of Progress: A Report of the Surgeon General.
  • 2
    • 56149083852 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Smoking-attributable mortality, years of potential life lost, and productivity losses-United States, 2000-2004
    • Accessed February 17, 2015
    • Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). Smoking-attributable mortality, years of potential life lost, and productivity losses-United States, 2000-2004. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. 2008;57(45):1226-1228. www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov.eres.library.manoa.hawaii.edu/pubmed/ 19008791. Accessed February 17, 2015.
    • (2008) MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. , vol.57 , Issue.45 , pp. 1226-1228
  • 3
    • 3142592957 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Atlanta, GA: U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, Office on Smoking and Health
    • U.S. Department of Health and Human Services. The Health Consequences of Smoking: A Report of the Surgeon General. Atlanta, GA: U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, Office on Smoking and Health; 2004.
    • (2004) The Health Consequences of Smoking: A Report of the Surgeon General.
  • 5
    • 84917670599 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Differential trends in cigarette smoking in the USA: is menthol slowing progress?
    • Giovino GA, Villanti AC, Mowery PD, et al. Differential trends in cigarette smoking in the USA: is menthol slowing progress? Tob Control. 2015;24(1):28-37. doi:10.1136/tobaccocontrol-2013-051159.
    • (2015) Tob Control. , vol.24 , Issue.1 , pp. 28-37
    • Giovino, G.A.1    Villanti, A.C.2    Mowery, P.D.3
  • 6
    • 79954986255 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • National patterns and correlates of mentholated cigarette use in the United States
    • Lawrence D, Rose A, Fagan P, Moolchan ET, Gibson JT, Backinger CL. National patterns and correlates of mentholated cigarette use in the United States. Addiction. 2010;105(suppl 1):13-31. doi:10.1111/j.1360-0443.2010.03203.x.
    • (2010) Addiction. , vol.105 , pp. 13-31
    • Lawrence, D.1    Rose, A.2    Fagan, P.3    Moolchan, E.T.4    Gibson, J.T.5    Backinger, C.L.6
  • 7
    • 78650590528 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Menthol cigarette use among racial and ethnic groups in the United States, 2004-2008
    • Rock VJ, Davis SP, Thorne SL, Asman KJ, Caraballo RS. Menthol cigarette use among racial and ethnic groups in the United States, 2004-2008. Nicotine Tob Res. 2010;12(suppl 2):S117-124. doi:10.1093/ntr/ ntq204.
    • (2010) Nicotine Tob Res. , vol.12 , pp. S117-S124
    • Rock, V.J.1    Davis, S.P.2    Thorne, S.L.3    Asman, K.J.4    Caraballo, R.S.5
  • 8
    • 1642346013 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Application, function, and effects of menthol in cigarettes: a survey of tobacco industry documents
    • Ferris WG, Connolly GN. Application, function, and effects of menthol in cigarettes: a survey of tobacco industry documents. Nicotine Tob Res. 2004;6(suppl 1):S43-54. doi:10.1080/14622203310001649513.
    • (2004) Nicotine Tob Res. , vol.6 , pp. S43-S54
    • Ferris, W.G.1    Connolly, G.N.2
  • 9
    • 12344272453 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Mortality from cancer in relation to smoking: 50 years observations on British doctors
    • Doll R, Peto R, Boreham J, Sutherland I. Mortality from cancer in relation to smoking: 50 years observations on British doctors. Br J Cancer. 2005;92(3):426-429. doi:10.1038/sj.bjc.6602359.
    • (2005) Br J Cancer. , vol.92 , Issue.3 , pp. 426-429
    • Doll, R.1    Peto, R.2    Boreham, J.3    Sutherland, I.4
  • 12
    • 36348985995 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Relationship between menthol cigarettes and smoking cessation among African American light smokers
    • Okuyemi KS, Faseru B, Sanderson Cox L, Bronars CA, Ahluwalia JS. Relationship between menthol cigarettes and smoking cessation among African American light smokers. Addiction. 2007;102(12):1979-1986. doi:10.1111/j.1360-0443.2007.02010.x.
    • (2007) Addiction. , vol.102 , Issue.12 , pp. 1979-1986
    • Okuyemi, K.S.1    Faseru, B.2    Sanderson Cox, L.3    Bronars, C.A.4    Ahluwalia, J.S.5
  • 13
    • 84920500500 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Smoking cessation in smokers who smoke menthol and non-menthol cigarettes
    • Smith SS, Fiore MC, Baker TB. Smoking cessation in smokers who smoke menthol and non-menthol cigarettes. Addiction. 2014;109(12):2107-2117. doi:10.1111/add.12661.
    • (2014) Addiction. , vol.109 , Issue.12 , pp. 2107-2117
    • Smith, S.S.1    Fiore, M.C.2    Baker, T.B.3
  • 14
    • 0042863398 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Inhibition of human liver microsomal (S)-nicotine oxidation by (-)-menthol and analogues
    • MacDougall JM, Fandrick K, Zhang X, Serafin SV, Cashman JR. Inhibition of human liver microsomal (S)-nicotine oxidation by (-)-menthol and analogues. Chem Res Toxicol. 2003;16(8):988-993. doi:10.1021/tx0340551.
    • (2003) Chem Res Toxicol. , vol.16 , Issue.8 , pp. 988-993
    • MacDougall, J.M.1    Fandrick, K.2    Zhang, X.3    Serafin, S.V.4    Cashman, J.R.5
  • 15
    • 4243146212 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Mentholated cigarette smoking inhibits nicotine metabolism
    • Benowitz NL, Herrera B, Jacob P III. Mentholated cigarette smoking inhibits nicotine metabolism. J Pharmacol Exp Ther. 2004;310(3):1208-1215. doi:10.1124/jpet.104.066902.
    • (2004) J Pharmacol Exp Ther. , vol.310 , Issue.3 , pp. 1208-1215
    • Benowitz, N.L.1    Herrera, B.2    Jacob, P.3
  • 16
    • 0030885491 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A major role for CYP2A6 in nicotine C-oxidation by human liver microsomes
    • Accessed February 17, 2015
    • Messina ES, Tyndale RF, Sellers EM. A major role for CYP2A6 in nicotine C-oxidation by human liver microsomes. J Pharmacol Exp Ther. 1997;282(3):1608-14. www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov.eres.library.manoa.hawaii. edu/pubmed/9316878 Accessed February 17, 2015.
    • (1997) J Pharmacol Exp Ther. , vol.282 , Issue.3 , pp. 1608-1614
    • Messina, E.S.1    Tyndale, R.F.2    Sellers, E.M.3
  • 17
    • 0027987497 scopus 로고
    • Metabolism of nicotine to cotinine studied by a dual stable isotope method
    • Benowitz NL, Jacob P III. Metabolism of nicotine to cotinine studied by a dual stable isotope method. Clin Pharmacol Ther. 1994;56(5):483-493. doi:10.1038/clpt.1994.169.
    • (1994) Clin Pharmacol Ther. , vol.56 , Issue.5 , pp. 483-493
    • Benowitz, N.L.1    Jacob, P.2
  • 18
    • 14144253640 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Metabolism and disposition kinetics of nicotine
    • Hukkanen J, Jacob P III, Benowitz NL. Metabolism and disposition kinetics of nicotine. Pharmacol Rev. 2005;57(1):79-115. doi:10.1124/ pr.57.1.3.
    • (2005) Pharmacol Rev. , vol.57 , Issue.1 , pp. 79-115
    • Hukkanen, J.1    Jacob, P.I.I.I.2    Benowitz, N.L.3
  • 19
    • 0027958225 scopus 로고
    • Nicotine metabolic profile in man: comparison of cigarette smoking and transdermal nicotine
    • Accessed February 17
    • Benowitz NL, Jacob P III, Fong I, Gupta S. Nicotine metabolic profile in man: comparison of cigarette smoking and transdermal nicotine. J Pharmacol Exp Ther.1994;268(1):296-303. www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov.eres. library.manoa.hawaii.edu/pubmed/8301571. Accessed February 17, 2015.
    • (1994) J Pharmacol Exp Ther. , vol.268 , Issue.1 , pp. 296-303
    • Benowitz, N.L.1    Jacob, P.I.I.I.2    Fong, I.3    Gupta, S.4
  • 20
    • 3042563552 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Nicotine metabolite ratio as an index of cytochrome P450 2A6 metabolic activity
    • Dempsey D, Tutka P, Jacob P III, et al. Nicotine metabolite ratio as an index of cytochrome P450 2A6 metabolic activity. Clin Pharmacol Ther. 2004;76(1):64-72. doi:10.1016/j.clpt.2004.02.011.
    • (2004) Clin Pharmacol Ther. , vol.76 , Issue.1 , pp. 64-72
    • Dempsey, D.1    Tutka, P.2    Jacob, P.I.I.I.3
  • 21
    • 42949141477 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Novel and established CYP2A6 alleles impair in vivo nicotine metabolism in a population of Black African descent
    • Mwenifumbo JC, Al Koudsi N, Ho MK, et al. Novel and established CYP2A6 alleles impair in vivo nicotine metabolism in a population of Black African descent. Hum Mutat. 2008;29(5):679-688. doi:10.1002/ humu.20698.
    • (2008) Hum Mutat. , vol.29 , Issue.5 , pp. 679-688
    • Mwenifumbo, J.C.1    Al Koudsi, N.2    Ho, M.K.3
  • 22
    • 33750531834 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • CYP2A6 genotype, phenotype, and the use of nicotine metabolites as biomarkers during ad libitum smoking
    • Malaiyandi V, Goodz SD, Sellers EM, Tyndale RF. CYP2A6 genotype, phenotype, and the use of nicotine metabolites as biomarkers during ad libitum smoking. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev. 2006;15(10):1812-1819. doi:10.1158/1055-9965.EPI-05-0723.
    • (2006) Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev. , vol.15 , Issue.10 , pp. 1812-1819
    • Malaiyandi, V.1    Goodz, S.D.2    Sellers, E.M.3    Tyndale, R.F.4
  • 23
    • 33749250201 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Determinants of the rate of nicotine metabolism and effects on smoking behavior
    • Johnstone E, Benowitz N, Cargill A, et al. Determinants of the rate of nicotine metabolism and effects on smoking behavior. Clin Pharmacol Ther. 2006;80(4):319-330. doi:10.1016/j.clpt.2006.06.011.
    • (2006) Clin Pharmacol Ther. , vol.80 , Issue.4 , pp. 319-330
    • Johnstone, E.1    Benowitz, N.2    Cargill, A.3
  • 24
    • 67349284846 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Association of nicotine metabolite ratio and CYP2A6 genotype with smoking cessation treatment in African-American light smokers
    • Ho MK, Mwenifumbo JC, Al Koudsi N, et al. Association of nicotine metabolite ratio and CYP2A6 genotype with smoking cessation treatment in African-American light smokers. Clin Pharmacol Ther. 2009;85(6):635-643. doi:10.1038/clpt.2009.19.
    • (2009) Clin Pharmacol Ther. , vol.85 , Issue.6 , pp. 635-643
    • Ho, M.K.1    Mwenifumbo, J.C.2    Al Koudsi, N.3
  • 25
    • 5544281923 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Characterization of CYP2A6 involved in 3'-hydroxylation of cotinine in human liver microsomes
    • Accessed February 17, 2015
    • Nakajima M, Yamamoto T, Nunoya K, et al. Characterization of CYP2A6 involved in 3'-hydroxylation of cotinine in human liver microsomes. J Pharmacol Exp Ther. 1996;277(2):1010-1015. www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov. eres.library.manoa.hawaii.edu/pubmed/8627511 Accessed February 17, 2015.
    • (1996) J Pharmacol Exp Ther. , vol.277 , Issue.2 , pp. 1010-1015
    • Nakajima, M.1    Yamamoto, T.2    Nunoya, K.3
  • 26
    • 84880970493 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Variation in trans-3'-hydroxycotinine glucuronidation does not alter the nicotine metabolite ratio or nicotine intake
    • Zhu AZ, Zhou Q, Cox LS, Ahluwalia JS, Benowitz NL, Tyndale RF. Variation in trans-3'-hydroxycotinine glucuronidation does not alter the nicotine metabolite ratio or nicotine intake. PLoS One. 2013;8(8):e70938. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0070938.
    • (2013) PLoS One. , vol.8 , Issue.8 , pp. e70938
    • Zhu, A.Z.1    Zhou, Q.2    Cox, L.S.3    Ahluwalia, J.S.4    Benowitz, N.L.5    Tyndale, R.F.6
  • 27
    • 33747673619 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Within-subject variation of the salivary 3HC/COT ratio in regular daily smokers: prospects for estimating CYP2A6 enzyme activity in large-scale surveys of nicotine metabolic rate
    • Lea RA, Dickson S, Benowitz NL. Within-subject variation of the salivary 3HC/COT ratio in regular daily smokers: prospects for estimating CYP2A6 enzyme activity in large-scale surveys of nicotine metabolic rate. J Anal Toxicol. 2006;30(6):386-389. doi:10.1093/jat/30.6.386.
    • (2006) J Anal Toxicol. , vol.30 , Issue.6 , pp. 386-389
    • Lea, R.A.1    Dickson, S.2    Benowitz, N.L.3
  • 28
    • 84885151315 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Stability of the nicotine metabolite ratio in smokers of progressively reduced nicotine content cigarettes
    • St Helen G, Jacob P III, Benowitz NL. Stability of the nicotine metabolite ratio in smokers of progressively reduced nicotine content cigarettes. Nicotine Tob Res. 2013;15(11):1939-1942. doi:10.1093/ntr/ntt065.
    • (2013) Nicotine Tob Res. , vol.15 , Issue.11 , pp. 1939-1942
    • St Helen, G.1    Jacob, P.2    Benowitz, N.L.3
  • 29
    • 84863562973 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Reproducibility of the nicotine metabolite ratio in cigarette smokers
    • St Helen G, Novalen M, Heitjan DF, et al. Reproducibility of the nicotine metabolite ratio in cigarette smokers. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev. 2012;21(7):1105-1114. doi:10.1158/1055-9965.EPI-12-0236.
    • (2012) Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev. , vol.21 , Issue.7 , pp. 1105-1114
    • St Helen, G.1    Novalen, M.2    Heitjan, D.F.3
  • 30
    • 84907175878 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Known and novel sources of variability in the nicotine metabolite ratio in a large sample of treatment-seeking smokers
    • Chenoweth MJ, Novalen M, Hawk LW Jr, et al. Known and novel sources of variability in the nicotine metabolite ratio in a large sample of treatment-seeking smokers. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev. 2014;23(9):1773-1782. doi:10.1158/1055-9965.EPI-14-0427.
    • (2014) Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev. , vol.23 , Issue.9 , pp. 1773-1782
    • Chenoweth, M.J.1    Novalen, M.2    Hawk, L.W.3
  • 31
    • 80052769963 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Racial differences in the relationship between number of cigarettes smoked and nicotine and carcinogen exposure
    • Benowitz NL, Dains KM, Dempsey D, Wilson M, Jacob P. Racial differences in the relationship between number of cigarettes smoked and nicotine and carcinogen exposure. Nicotine Tob Res. 2011;13(9):772-783. doi:10.1093/ntr/ntr072.
    • (2011) Nicotine Tob Res. , vol.13 , Issue.9 , pp. 772-783
    • Benowitz, N.L.1    Dains, K.M.2    Dempsey, D.3    Wilson, M.4    Jacob, P.5
  • 32
    • 34547606526 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Higher nicotine and carbon monoxide levels in menthol cigarette smokers with and without schizophrenia
    • Williams JM, Gandhi KK, Steinberg ML, Foulds J, Ziedonis DM, Benowitz NL. Higher nicotine and carbon monoxide levels in menthol cigarette smokers with and without schizophrenia. Nicotine Tob Res. 2007;9(8):873-881. doi:10.1080/14622200701484995.
    • (2007) Nicotine Tob Res. , vol.9 , Issue.8 , pp. 873-881
    • Williams, J.M.1    Gandhi, K.K.2    Steinberg, M.L.3    Foulds, J.4    Ziedonis, D.M.5    Benowitz, N.L.6
  • 33
    • 84876703338 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Metabolism of nicotine and 4-(methylnitrosamino)-l-(3-pyridyl)-lbutanone (NNK) in menthol and non-menthol cigarette smokers
    • Sarkar M, Wang J, Liang Q. Metabolism of nicotine and 4-(methylnitrosamino)-l-(3-pyridyl)-lbutanone (NNK) in menthol and non-menthol cigarette smokers. Drug Metab Lett. 2012;6(3):198-206. doi:10.2174/1872312811206030007.
    • (2012) Drug Metab Lett. , vol.6 , Issue.3 , pp. 198-206
    • Sarkar, M.1    Wang, J.2    Liang, Q.3
  • 34
    • 33744519035 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Nicotine metabolite ratio predicts efficacy of transdermal nicotine for smoking cessation
    • Lerman C, Tyndale R, Patterson F, et al. Nicotine metabolite ratio predicts efficacy of transdermal nicotine for smoking cessation. Clin Pharmacol Ther. 2006;79(6):600-608. doi:10.1016/j.clpt.2006.02.006.
    • (2006) Clin Pharmacol Ther. , vol.79 , Issue.6 , pp. 600-608
    • Lerman, C.1    Tyndale, R.2    Patterson, F.3
  • 35
    • 58549112185 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Nicotine metabolic rate predicts successful smoking cessation with transdermal nicotine: a validation study
    • Schnoll RA, Patterson F, Wileyto EP, Tyndale RF, Benowitz N, Lerman C. Nicotine metabolic rate predicts successful smoking cessation with transdermal nicotine: a validation study. Pharmacol Biochem Behav. 2009;92(1):6-11. doi:10.1016/j.pbb.2008.10.016.
    • (2009) Pharmacol Biochem Behav. , vol.92 , Issue.1 , pp. 6-11
    • Schnoll, R.A.1    Patterson, F.2    Wileyto, E.P.3    Tyndale, R.F.4    Benowitz, N.5    Lerman, C.6
  • 36
    • 84890136969 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Pharmacotherapy effects on smoking cessation vary with nicotine metabolism gene (CYP2A6)
    • Chen LS, Bloom AJ, Baker TB, et al. Pharmacotherapy effects on smoking cessation vary with nicotine metabolism gene (CYP2A6). Addiction. 2014;109(1):128-137. doi:10.1111/add.12353.
    • (2014) Addiction. , vol.109 , Issue.1 , pp. 128-137
    • Chen, L.S.1    Bloom, A.J.2    Baker, T.B.3
  • 37
    • 84877256734 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • CYP2A6 genotype and smoking behavior in current smokers screened for lung cancer
    • Styn MA, Nukui T, Romkes M, Perkins KA, Land SR, Weissfeld JL. CYP2A6 genotype and smoking behavior in current smokers screened for lung cancer. Subst Use Misuse. 2013;48(7):490-494. doi:10.3109/10826084.2013.778280.
    • (2013) Subst Use Misuse. , vol.48 , Issue.7 , pp. 490-494
    • Styn, M.A.1    Nukui, T.2    Romkes, M.3    Perkins, K.A.4    Land, S.R.5    Weissfeld, J.L.6
  • 38
    • 84871098165 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Predictors of cessation in African American light smokers enrolled in a bupropion clinical trial
    • Faseru B, Nollen NL, Mayo MS, et al. Predictors of cessation in African American light smokers enrolled in a bupropion clinical trial. Addict Behav. 2013;38(3):1796-1803. doi:10.1016/j.addbeh.2012.11.010.
    • (2013) Addict Behav. , vol.38 , Issue.3 , pp. 1796-1803
    • Faseru, B.1    Nollen, N.L.2    Mayo, M.S.3
  • 39
    • 84926222168 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Accessed August 3
    • Smoking and Tobacco in Hawaii. Figures and Trends. 2010. http:// hawaii.gov/health/healthy-lifestyles/tobacco/resources/general/trends.pdf. Accessed August 3, 2014.
    • (2010) Figures and Trends
  • 40
    • 84904265137 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Facebook recruitment of young adult smokers for a cessation trial: methods, metrics, and lessons learned
    • Ramo DE, Rodriguez TM, Chavez K, Sommer MJ, Prochaska JJ. Facebook recruitment of young adult smokers for a cessation trial: methods, metrics, and lessons learned. Internet Interv. 2014;1(2):58-64. doi:10.1016/j. invent.2014.05.001.
    • (2014) Internet Interv. , vol.1 , Issue.2 , pp. 58-64
    • Ramo, D.E.1    Rodriguez, T.M.2    Chavez, K.3    Sommer, M.J.4    Prochaska, J.J.5
  • 41
    • 77955245526 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Reaching young adult smokers through the internet: comparison of three recruitment mechanisms
    • Ramo DE, Hall SM, Prochaska JJ. Reaching young adult smokers through the internet: comparison of three recruitment mechanisms. Nicotine Tob Res. 2010;12(7):768-775. doi:10.1093/ntr/ntq086.
    • (2010) Nicotine Tob Res. , vol.12 , Issue.7 , pp. 768-775
    • Ramo, D.E.1    Hall, S.M.2    Prochaska, J.J.3
  • 42
    • 84860598601 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Broad reach and targeted recruitment using Facebook for an online survey of young adult substance use
    • Ramo DE, Prochaska JJ. Broad reach and targeted recruitment using Facebook for an online survey of young adult substance use. J Med Internet Res. 2012;14(1):e28. doi:10.2196/jmir.1878.
    • (2012) J Med Internet Res. , vol.14 , Issue.1 , pp. e28
    • Ramo, D.E.1    Prochaska, J.J.2
  • 43
    • 84963905939 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • 2010-2011 Tobacco Use Supplement to the Current Population Survey, Accessed March 20
    • 2010-2011 Tobacco Use Supplement to the Current Population Survey. http://riskfactor.cancer.gov/studies/tus-cps/info.html. Accessed March 20, 2014.
    • (2014)
  • 44
    • 0030811247 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Racial differences in physical and mental health: socio-economic status, stress and discrimination
    • Williams DR, Yu Y, Jackson JS, Anderson NB. Racial differences in physical and mental health: socio-economic status, stress and discrimination. J Health Psychol. 1997;2(3):335-351. doi:10.1177/135910539700200305.
    • (1997) J Health Psychol. , vol.2 , Issue.3 , pp. 335-351
    • Williams, D.R.1    Yu, Y.2    Jackson, J.S.3    Anderson, N.B.4
  • 45
    • 0021009803 scopus 로고
    • A global measure of perceived stress
    • Cohen S, Kamarck T, Mermelstein R. A global measure of perceived stress. J Health Soc Behav. 1983;24(4):385-396. doi:http://dx.doi. org/10.2307/2136404.
    • (1983) J Health Soc Behav. , vol.24 , Issue.4 , pp. 385-396
    • Cohen, S.1    Kamarck, T.2    Mermelstein, R.3
  • 46
    • 72049118417 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Simultaneous and sensitive measurement of nicotine, cotinine, trans-3'-hydroxycotinine and norcotinine in human plasma by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry
    • Shakleya DM, Huestis MA. Simultaneous and sensitive measurement of nicotine, cotinine, trans-3'-hydroxycotinine and norcotinine in human plasma by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci. 2009;877(29):3537-3542. doi:10.1016/j.jchromb.2009.08.033.
    • (2009) J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci. , vol.877 , Issue.29 , pp. 3537-3542
    • Shakleya, D.M.1    Huestis, M.A.2
  • 48
    • 33846328375 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Prediction methods for nicotine clearance using cotinine and 3-hydroxy-cotinine spot saliva samples II. Model application
    • Levi M, Dempsey DA, Benowitz NL, Sheiner LB. Prediction methods for nicotine clearance using cotinine and 3-hydroxy-cotinine spot saliva samples II. Model application. J Pharmacokinet Pharmacodyn. 2007;34(1):23-34. doi:10.1007/s10928-006-9026-0.
    • (2007) J Pharmacokinet Pharmacodyn. , vol.34 , Issue.1 , pp. 23-34
    • Levi, M.1    Dempsey, D.A.2    Benowitz, N.L.3    Sheiner, L.B.4
  • 49
    • 57449102593 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Nicotine metabolism in three ethnic/ racial groups with different risks of lung cancer
    • Derby KS, Cuthrell K, Caberto C, et al. Nicotine metabolism in three ethnic/ racial groups with different risks of lung cancer. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev. 2008;17(12):3526-3535. doi:10.1158/1055-9965. EPI-08-0424.
    • (2008) Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev. , vol.17 , Issue.12 , pp. 3526-3535
    • Derby, K.S.1    Cuthrell, K.2    Caberto, C.3
  • 51
    • 84863562973 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Reproducibility of the nicotine metabolite ratio in cigarette smokers
    • St Helen G, Novalen M, Heitjan DF, et al. Reproducibility of the nicotine metabolite ratio in cigarette smokers. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev. 2012;21(7):1105-1114. doi:10.1158/1055-9965. EPI-12-0236.
    • (2012) Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev. , vol.21 , Issue.7 , pp. 1105-1114
    • St Helen, G.1    Novalen, M.2    Heitjan, D.F.3
  • 52
    • 0032893074 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Smoke constituent exposure and stage of change in black and white women cigarette smokers
    • Ahijevych K, Parsley LA. Smoke constituent exposure and stage of change in black and white women cigarette smokers. Addict Behav. 1999;24(1):115-120. doi:10.1016/S0306-4603(98)00031-8.
    • (1999) Addict Behav. , vol.24 , Issue.1 , pp. 115-120
    • Ahijevych, K.1    Parsley, L.A.2
  • 53
    • 31544436023 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Dealing with an innovative industry: a look at flavored cigarettes promoted by mainstream brands
    • Lewis MJ, Wackowski O. Dealing with an innovative industry: a look at flavored cigarettes promoted by mainstream brands. Am J Public Health. 2006;96(2):244-251. doi:10.2105/AJPH.2004.061200.
    • (2006) Am J Public Health. , vol.96 , Issue.2 , pp. 244-251
    • Lewis, M.J.1    Wackowski, O.2
  • 54
    • 79955021471 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Menthol cigarettes and smoking cessation among racial/ethnic groups in the United States
    • Trinidad DR, Pérez-Stable EJ, Messer K, White MM, Pierce JP. Menthol cigarettes and smoking cessation among racial/ethnic groups in the United States. Addiction. 2010;105(suppl 1):84-94. doi:10.1111/ j.1360-0443.2010.03187.x.
    • (2010) Addiction. , vol.105 , pp. 84-94
    • Trinidad, D.R.1    Pérez-Stable, E.J.2    Messer, K.3    White, M.M.4    Pierce, J.P.5
  • 55
    • 79954986919 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Racial/ethnic differences in menthol cigarette smoking, population quit ratios and utilization of evidence-based tobacco cessation treatments
    • Stahre M, Okuyemi KS, Joseph AM, Fu SS. Racial/ethnic differences in menthol cigarette smoking, population quit ratios and utilization of evidence-based tobacco cessation treatments. Addiction. 2010;105(suppl 1):75-83. doi:10.1111/j.1360-0443.2010.03200.x.
    • (2010) Addiction. , vol.105 , pp. 75-83
    • Stahre, M.1    Okuyemi, K.S.2    Joseph, A.M.3    Fu, S.S.4
  • 56
    • 34247165002 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Nicotine metabolism and CYP2A6 activity in a population of black African descent: impact of gender and light smoking
    • Mwenifumbo JC, Sellers EM, Tyndale RF. Nicotine metabolism and CYP2A6 activity in a population of black African descent: impact of gender and light smoking. Drug Alcohol Depend. 2007;89(1):24-33. doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2006.11.012.
    • (2007) Drug Alcohol Depend. , vol.89 , Issue.1 , pp. 24-33
    • Mwenifumbo, J.C.1    Sellers, E.M.2    Tyndale, R.F.3
  • 57
    • 77951975960 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The effect of menthol containing cigarettes on adult smokers' exposure to nicotine and carbon monoxide
    • Wang J, Roethig HJ, Appleton S, Werley M, Muhammad-Kah R, Mendes P. The effect of menthol containing cigarettes on adult smokers' exposure to nicotine and carbon monoxide. Regul Toxicol Pharmacol. 2010;57(1):24-30. doi:10.1016/j.yrtph.2009.12.003.
    • (2010) Regul Toxicol Pharmacol. , vol.57 , Issue.1 , pp. 24-30
    • Wang, J.1    Roethig, H.J.2    Appleton, S.3    Werley, M.4    Muhammad-Kah, R.5    Mendes, P.6


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.