Smoking and caffeine consumption: a genetic analysis of their association

Addiction Biology

Volumn 22, Issue 4, 2017, Pages 1090-1102

  Treur, Jorien L ^a,b   Taylor, Amy E ^c   Ware, Jennifer J ^c   Nivard, Michel G ^a,b   Neale, Michael C ^d   McMahon, George ^c   Hottenga, Jouke Jan ^a,b   Baselmans, Bart M L ^a,b   Boomsma, Dorret I ^a,b   Munafò, Marcus R ^c   Vink, Jacqueline M ^a,b  

^a VU UNIVERSITY AMSTERDAM   (Netherlands)

^b VU UNIVERSITY MEDICAL CENTER   (Netherlands)

^c UNIVERSITY OF BRISTOL   (United Kingdom)

^d VIRGINIA COMMONWEALTH UNIVERSITY   (United States)

Author keywords

ALSPAC; caffeine; LD score regression; Mendelian randomization; smoking; twin modelling

Indexed keywords

CAFFEINE; CENTRAL STIMULANT AGENT;

ADULT; ARTICLE; COFFEE; CORRELATIONAL STUDY; DRINKING BEHAVIOR; ENVIRONMENTAL PARAMETERS; FEMALE; GENETIC ANALYSIS; GENETIC ASSOCIATION; GENETIC MODEL; GENETIC SUSCEPTIBILITY; GENOME-WIDE ASSOCIATION STUDY; HEREDITY; HUMAN; HUMAN EXPERIMENT; LONGITUDINAL STUDY; MALE; NETHERLANDS; PRIORITY JOURNAL; SMOKING; SMOKING CESSATION; TWINS; EPIDEMIOLOGY; GENETICS; QUESTIONNAIRE; REGISTER; RISK FACTOR; STATISTICS AND NUMERICAL DATA;

ADULT; CAFFEINE; CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM STIMULANTS; FEMALE; GENOME-WIDE ASSOCIATION STUDY; HUMANS; LONGITUDINAL STUDIES; MALE; NETHERLANDS; REGISTRIES; RISK FACTORS; SMOKING; SURVEYS AND QUESTIONNAIRES; TWINS;

EID: 84963611442     PISSN: 13556215     EISSN: 13691600     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1111/adb.12391     Document Type: Article

References (46)

1. Benowitz NL, Peng M, Jacob P (2003) Effects of cigarette smoking and carbon monoxide on chlorzoxazone and caffeine metabolism. Clin Pharmacol Ther 74:468–474. DOI: 10.1016/j.clpt.2003.07.001.
2. Boker S, Neale M, Maes H, Wilde M, Spiegel M, Brick T, Spies J, Estabrook R, Kenny S, Bates T, Mehta P, Fox J (2011) OpenMx: an open source extended structural equation modeling framework. Psychometrika 76:306–317. DOI: 10.1007/s11336-010-9200-6.
3. Boyd A, Golding J, Macleod J, Lawlor DA, Fraser A, Henderson J, Molloy L, Ness A, Ring S, Davey Smith G (2012) Cohort profile: the ‘Children of the 90s’—the index offspring of the Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children. Int J Epidemiol DOI: 10.1093/ije/dys064.
4. Brion M-JA, Shakhbazov K, Visscher PM (2013) Calculating statistical power in Mendelian randomization studies. Int J Epidemiol 42:1497–1501. DOI: 10.1093/ije/dyt179.
5. Bulik-Sullivan B, Finucane HK, Anttila V, Gusev A, Day FR, Loh PR, ReproGen Consortium, Psychiatric Genomics Consortium, Genetic Consortium for Anorexia Nervosa of the Wellcome Trust Case Control Consortium 3, Duncal L, Perry JR, Patterson N, Robinson EB, Daly MJ, Price AL, Neale BM (2015a). An Atlas of Genetic Correlations across Human Diseases and Traits. Nat Genet 47:1236–1241.
6. Bulik-Sullivan BK, Loh P-R, Finucane HK, Ripke S, Yang J, Schizophrenia Working Group of the Psychiatric Genomics Consortium, Patterson N, Daly MJ, Price AL, Neale BM (2015b) LD score regression distinguishes confounding from polygenicity in genome-wide association studies. Nat Genet 47:291–295. DOI: 10.1038/ng.3211.
7. Coffee and Caffeine Genetics Consortium, Cornelis MC, Byrne EM, Esko T, Nalls MA, Ganna A, Paynter N, Monda KL, Amin N, Fischer K, Renstrom F, Ngwa JS, Huikari V, Cavadino A, Nolte IM, Teumer A, Yu K, Marques-Vidal P, Rawal R, Manichaikul A, Wojczynski MK, Vink JM, Zhao JH, Burlutsky G, Lahti J, Mikkilä V, Lemaitre RN, Eriksson J, Musani SK, Tanaka T, Geller F, Luan J, Hui J, Mägi R, Dimitriou M, Garcia ME, Ho WK, Wright MJ, Rose LM, Magnusson PK, Pedersen NL, Couper D, Oostra BA, Hofman A, Ikram MA, Tiemeier HW, Uitterlinden AG, van Rooij FJ, Barroso I, Johansson I, Xue L, Kaakinen M, Milani L, Power C, Snieder H, Stolk RP, Baumeister SE, Biffar R, Gu F, Bastardot F, Kutalik Z, Jacobs DR Jr, Forouhi NG, Mihailov E, Lind L, Lindgren C, Michaëlsson K, Morris A, Jensen M, Khaw KT, Luben RN, Wang JJ, Männistö S, Perälä MM, Kähönen M, Lehtimäki T, Viikari J, Mozaffarian D, Mukamal K, Psaty BM, Döring A, Heath AC, Montgomery GW, Dahmen N, Carithers T, Tucker KL, Ferrucci L, Boyd HA, Melbye M, Treur JL, Mellström D, Hottenga JJ, Prokopenko I, Tönjes A, Deloukas P, Kanoni S, Lorentzon M, Houston DK, Liu Y, Danesh J, Rasheed A, Mason MA, Zonderman AB, Franke L, Kristal BS, International Parkinson's Disease Genomics Consortium (IPDGC), North American Brain Expression Consortium (NABEC), UK Brain Expression Consortium (UKBEC), Karjalainen J, Reed DR, Westra HJ, Evans MK, Saleheen D, Harris TB, Dedoussis G, Curhan G, Stumvoll M, Beilby J, Pasquale LR, Feenstra B, Bandinelli S, Ordovas JM, Chan AT, Peters U, Ohlsson C, Gieger C, Martin NG, Waldenberger M, Siscovick DS, Raitakari O, Eriksson JG, Mitchell P, Hunter DJ, Kraft P, Rimm EB, Boomsma DI, Borecki IB, Loos RJ, Wareham NJ, Vollenweider P, Caporaso N, Grabe HJ, Neuhouser ML, Wolffenbuttel BH, Hu FB, Hyppönen E, Järvelin MR, Cupples LA, Franks PW, Ridker PM, van Duijn CM, Heiss G, Metspalu A, North KE, Ingelsson E, Nettleton JA, van Dam RM, Chasman DI (2014) Genome-wide meta-analysis identifies six novel loci associated with habitual coffee consumption. Mol Psychiatry DOI: 10.1038/mp.2014.107.
8. Davey Smith G, Ebrahim S (2003) ‘Mendelian randomization’: can genetic epidemiology contribute to understanding environmental determinants of disease? Int J Epidemiol 32:1–22. DOI: 10.1093/ije/dyg070.
9. Davey Smith G, Hemani G (2014) Mendelian randomization: genetic anchors for causal inference in epidemiological studies. Hum Mol Genet 23:R89–R98. DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddu328.
10. De Moor MM, Boomsma DI, Stubbe JH, Willemsen G, de Geus EC (2008) Testing causality in the association between regular exercise and symptoms of anxiety and depression. Arch Gen Psychiatry 65:897–905. DOI: 10.1001/archpsyc.65.8.897.
11. Falconer DS, Mackay TFC (1996) Introduction to Quantitative Genetics. Pearson Prentice Hall: Harlow, England.
12. Ferdman RA (2014) Here are the countries that drink the most coffee—the U.S. isn't in the top 10. Atl. Available at: http://www.theatlantic.com/business/archive/2014/01/here-are-the-countries-that-drink-the-most-coffee-the-us-isnt-in-the-top-10/283100/. Accessed 7 April, 2015.
13. Fernandez E, La Vecchia C, D'Avanzo B, Braga C, Negri E, Franceschi S (1997) Quitting smoking in Northern Italy: a cross-sectional analysis of 2621 subjects. Eur J Epidemiol 13:267–273. DOI: 10.1023/A:1007346018883.
14. Fraser A, Macdonald-Wallis C, Tilling K, Boyd A, Golding J, Davey Smith G, Henderson J, Macleod J, Molloy L, Ness A, Ring S, Nelson SM, Lawlor DA (2013) Cohort profile: the Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children: ALSPAC mothers cohort. Int J Epidemiol 42:97–110. DOI: 10.1093/ije/dys066.
15. Fredholm BB (2011). Notes on the history of caffeine use. In BB Fredholm ed. Methylxanthines. Handbook of Experimental Pharmacology (Vol. 200). Berlin Heidelberg: Springer-Verlag.
16. Freedman ND, Park Y, Abnet CC, Hollenbeck AR, Sinha R (2012) Association of coffee drinking with total and cause-specific mortality. N Engl J Med 366:1891–1904. DOI: 10.1056/NEJMoa1112010.
17. Gasior M, Jaszyna M, Munzar P, Witkin J, Goldberg S (2002) Caffeine potentiates the discriminative-stimulus effects of nicotine in rats. Psychopharmacology (Berl) 162:385–395. DOI: 10.1007/s00213-002-1113-3.
18. Hettema JM, Corey LA, Kendler KS (1999) A multivariate genetic analysis of the use of tobacco, alcohol, and caffeine in a population based sample of male and female twins. Drug Alcohol Depend 57:69–78. DOI: 10.1016/S0376-8716(99)00053-8.
19. Hewlett P, Smith A (2006) Correlates of daily caffeine consumption. Appetite 46:97–99. DOI: 10.1016/j.appet.2005.10.004.
20. Hinds DA, McMahon G, Kiefer AK, Do CB, Eriksson N, Evans DM, St Pourcain B, Ring SM, Mountain JL, Francke U, Davey-Smith G, Timpson NJ, Tung JY (2013) A genome-wide association meta-analysis of self-reported allergy identifies shared and allergy-specific susceptibility loci. Nat Genet 45, 907–911. doi: 10.1038/ng.2686 http://www.nature.com/ng/journal/v45/n8/abs/ng.2686.html#supplementary-information
21. Joeres R, Klinker H, Heusler H, Epping J, Zilly W, Richter E (1988) Influence of smoking on caffeine elimination in healthy volunteers and in patients with alcoholic liver cirrhosis. Hepatology 8:575–579. DOI: 10.1002/hep.1840080323.
22. Jones RW, Ring S, Tyfield L, Hamvas R, Simmons H, Pembrey M, Golding J, ALSPAC Study Team (2000) A new human genetic resource: a DNA bank established as part of the Avon Longitudinal Study of Pregnancy and Childhood (ALSPAC). Eur J Hum Genet: EJHG 8:653–660. DOI: 10.1038/sj.ejhg.5200502.
23. Kendler KS, Schmitt E, Aggen SH, Prescott CA (2008) Genetic and environmental influences on alcohol, caffeine, cannabis, and nicotine use from early adolescence to middle adulthood. Arch Gen Psychiatry 65:674–682. DOI: 10.1001/archpsyc.65.6.674.
24. Kiecolt KJ, Aggen SH, Kendler KS (2013) Genetic and environmental influences on the relationship between mastery and alcohol dependence. Alcohol Clin Exp Res 37:905–913. DOI: 10.1111/acer.12058.
25. Langmann P, Bienert A, Zilly M, Väth T, Richter E, Klinker H (2000) Influence of smoking on cotinine and caffeine plasma levels in patients with alcoholic liver cirrhosis. Eur J Med Res 5:217–221.
26. McMahon G, Taylor AE, Davey Smith G, Munafò MR (2014) Phenotype refinement strengthens the association of AHR and CYP1A1 genotype with caffeine consumption. PLoS One 9:e103448. DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0103448.
27. Nivard MG, Mbarek H, Hottenga JJ, Smit JH, Jansen R, Penninx BW, Middeldorp CM, Boomsma DI (2014) Further confirmation of the association between anxiety and CTNND2: replication in humans. Genes Brain Behav 13:195–201. DOI: 10.1111/gbb.12095.
28. Olsen J (1993) Predictors of smoking cessation in pregnancy. Scand J Public Health 21:197–202. DOI: 10.1177/140349489302100309.
29. Palmer TM, Lawlor DA, Harbord RM, Sheehan NA, Tobias JH, Timpson NJ, Davey Smith G, Sterne JA (2012) Using multiple genetic variants as instrumental variables for modifiable risk factors. Stat Methods Med Res 21:223–242. DOI: 10.1177/0962280210394459.
30. Poelen EAP, Derks EM, Engels RCME, Van Leeuwe JFJ, Scholte RHJ, Willemsen G, Boomsma DI (2008) The relative contribution of genes and environment to alcohol use in early adolescents: are similar factors related to initiation of alcohol use and frequency of drinking? Alcohol Clin Exp Res 32:975–982. DOI: 10.1111/j.1530-0277.2008.00657.x.
31. Posthuma D, Beem AL, de Geus EJC, van Baal GCM, von Hjelmborg JB, Iachine I, Boomsma DI (2003) Theory and practice in quantitative genetics. Twin Res Hum Genet 6:361–376. DOI: 10.1375/twin.6.5.361.
32. Rezvani AH, Sexton HG, Johnson J, Wells C, Gordon K, Levin ED (2013) Effects of caffeine on alcohol consumption and nicotine self-administration in rats. Alcohol Clin Exp Res 37:1609–1617. DOI: 10.1111/acer.12127.
33. Shoaib M, Swanner LS, Yasar S, Goldberg SR (1999) Chronic caffeine exposure potentiates nicotine self-administration in rats. Psychopharmacology (Berl) 142:327–333. DOI: 10.1007/s002130050896.
34. Sorlie PD, Kannel WB (1990) A description of cigarette smoking cessation and resumption in the Framingham study. Prev Med 19:335–345. DOI: 10.1016/0091-7435(90)90033-G.
35. Swan GE, Carmelli D, Cardon LR (1996) The consumption of tobacco, alcohol, and coffee in caucasian male twins: a multivariate genetic analysis. J Subst Abuse 8:19–31. DOI: 10.1016/S0899-3289(96)90055-3.
36. Swan GE, Carmelli D, Cardon LR (1997) Heavy consumption of cigarettes, alcohol and coffee in male twins. J Stud Alcohol 58:182–190. DOI: 10.15288/jsa.1997.58.182.
37. Swanson JA, Lee JW, Hopp JW (1994) Caffeine and nicotine: a review of their joint use and possible interactive effects in tobacco withdrawal. Addict Behav 19:229–256. DOI: 10.1016/0306-4603(94)90027-2.
38. TAG (2010) Genome-wide meta-analyses identify multiple loci associated with smoking behavior. Nat Genet 42, 441–447. doi: http://www.nature.com/ng/journal/v42/n5/suppinfo/ng.571_S1.html
39. Taylor M, Carslake D, Ware JJ, Taylor AE, Davey Smith G, Hickman M, Romundstad P, Munafo MR (under review) Is smoking causally related to lower socio-economic position? A Mendel Random Anal.
40. Thorgeirsson TE, Gudbjartsson DF, Surakka I, Vink JM, Amin N, Geller F, Sulem P, Rafnar T, Esko T, Walter S, Gieger C, Rawal R, Mangino M, Prokopenko I, Mägi R, Keskitalo K, Gudjonsdottir IH, Gretarsdottir S, Stefansson H, Thompson JR, Aulchenko YS, Nelis M, Aben KK, den Heijer M, Dirksen A, Ashraf H, Soranzo N, Valdes AM, Steves C, Uitterlinden AG, Hofman A, Tönjes A, Kovacs P, Hottenga JJ, Willemsen G, Vogelzangs N, Döring A, Dahmen N, Nitz B, Pergadia ML, Saez B, De Diego V, Lezcano V, Garcia-Prats MD, Ripatti S, Perola M, Kettunen J, Hartikainen AL, Pouta A, Laitinen J, Isohanni M, Huei-Yi S, Allen M, Krestyaninova M, Hall AS, Jones GT, van Rij AM, Mueller T, Dieplinger B, Haltmayer M, Jonsson S, Matthiasson SE, Oskarsson H, Tyrfingsson T, Kiemeney LA, Mayordomo JI, Lindholt JS, Pedersen JH, Franklin WA, Wolf H, Montgomery GW, Heath AC, Martin NG, Madden PA, Giegling I, Rujescu D, Järvelin MR, Salomaa V, Stumvoll M, Spector TD, Wichmann HE, Metspalu A, Samani NJ, Penninx BW, Oostra BA, Boomsma DI, Tiemeier H, van Duijn CM, Kaprio J, Gulcher JR, ENGAGE Consortium, McCarthy MI, Peltonen L, Thorsteinsdottir U, Stefansson K (2010) Sequence variants at CHRNB3-CHRNA6 and CYP2A6 affect smoking behavior. Nat Genet 42, 448–453. doi: http://www.nature.com/ng/journal/v42/n5/suppinfo/ng.573_S1.html
41. Treur JL, Taylor AE, Ware JW, McMahon G, Hottenga J-J, Baselmans BML, Boosma DI, Munafò MR, Vink JM (2016) Observational associations between smoking and caffeine consumption in two European cohorts. Addiction, in press. DOI: 10.1111/add.13298.
42. Vink J, Willemsen G, Boomsma D (2005) Heritability of smoking initiation and nicotine dependence. Behav Genet 35:397–406. DOI: 10.1007/s10519-004-1327-8.
43. Vink JM, Staphorsius AS, Boomsma DI (2009) A genetic analysis of coffee consumption in a sample of Dutch twins. Twin Res Hum Genet 12:127–131. DOI: 10.1375/twin.12.2.127.
44. Willemsen G, de Geus EJC, Bartels M, van Beijsterveldt CEMT, Brooks AI, Estourgie-van Burk GF, Fugman DA, Hoekstra C, Hottenga JJ, Kluft K, Meijer P, Montgomery GW, Rizzu P, Sondervan D, Smit AB, Spijker S, Suchiman HE, Tischfield JA, Lehner T, Slagboom PE, Boomsma DI (2010) The Netherlands Twin Register Biobank: a resource for genetic epidemiological studies. Twin Res Hum Genet 13:231–245. DOI: 10.1375/twin.13.3.231.
45. Willemsen G, Vink JM, Abdellaoui A, den Braber A, van Beek JHDA, Draisma HHM, van Dongen J, van ‘t Ent D, Geels LM, van Lien R, Ligthart L, Kattenberg M, Mbarek H, de Moor MH, Neijts M, Pool R, Stroo N, Kluft C, Suchiman HE, Slagboom PE, de Geus EJ, Boomsma DI (2013) The Adult Netherlands Twin Register: twenty-five years of survey and biological data collection. Twin Res Hum Genet 16:271–281. DOI: 10.1017/thg.2012.140.
46. Wray NR, Visscher PM (2015) Quantitative genetics of disease traits. J Anim Breed Genet 132:198–203. DOI: 10.1111/jbg.12153.