Catalyst-Free Growth of Three-Dimensional Graphene Flakes and Graphene/g-C3N4 Composite for Hydrocarbon Oxidation

ACS Nano

Volumn 10, Issue 3, 2016, Pages 3665-3673

  Chen, Ke ^a,c   Chai, Zhigang ^a   Li, Cong ^a,b   Shi, Liurong ^a   Liu, Mengxi ^a,f   Xie, Qin ^a   Zhang, Yanfeng ^a,b   Xu, Dongsheng ^a   Manivannan, Ayyakkannu ^d,e   Liu, Zhongfan ^a  

^a PEKING UNIVERSITY   (China)

^b PEKING UNIVERSITY   (China)

^c HENAN UNIVERSITY   (China)

^d West Virginia University   (United States)

^e NATIONAL ENERGY TECHNOLOGY LABORATORY   (United States)

^f NATIONAL CENTER FOR NANOSCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY   (China)

Author keywords

chemical vapor deposition; g C3N4; graphene; powder; three dimensional

Indexed keywords

CATALYST ACTIVITY; CATALYTIC OXIDATION; CHEMICAL VAPOR DEPOSITION; DEGRADATION; DEPOSITION; HYDROCARBON REFINING; POWDERS; THREE DIMENSIONAL COMPUTER GRAPHICS; VAPOR DEPOSITION;

ADVANCED TECHNOLOGY; CATALYST-FREE GROWTH; CATALYTIC OXIDATION ACTIVITY; COMMERCIAL APPLICATIONS; G-C3N4; HYDROCARBON OXIDATION; THREE-DIMENSIONAL GRAPHENE; THREEDIMENSIONAL (3-D);

GRAPHENE;

EID: 84961942681     PISSN: 19360851     EISSN: 1936086X     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.6b00113     Document Type: Article

References (46)

1. Novoselov, K. S.; Fal'ko, V.; Colombo, L.; Gellert, P.; Schwab, M.; Kim, K. A Roadmap for Graphene Nature 2012, 490, 192-200 10.1038/nature11458
2. Kostarelos, K.; Novoselov, K. S. Exploring the Interface of Graphene and Biology Science 2014, 344, 261-263 10.1126/science.1246736
3. Dai, L.; Xue, Y.; Qu, L.; Choi, H.; Baek, J. Metal-Free Catalysts for Oxygen Reduction Reaction Chem. Rev. 2015, 115, 4823-4892 10.1021/cr5003563
4. Huang, X.; Qi, X.; Boey, F.; Zhang, H. Graphene-Based Composites Chem. Soc. Rev. 2012, 41, 666-686 10.1039/C1CS15078B
5. Raccichini, R.; Varzi, A.; Passerini, S.; Scrosati, B. The Role of Graphene for Electrochemical Energy Storage Nat. Mater. 2015, 14, 271-279 10.1038/nmat4170
6. Bonaccorso, F.; Colombo, L.; Yu, G.; Stoller, M.; Tozzini, V.; Ferrari, A. C.; Ruoff, R. S.; Pellegrini, V. Graphene, Related Two-Dimensional Crystals, and Hybrid Systems for Energy Conversion and Storage Science 2015, 347, 1246501 10.1126/science.1246501
7. Dai, L. Functionalization of Graphene for Efficient Energy Conversion and Storage Acc. Chem. Res. 2013, 46, 31-42 10.1021/ar300122m
8. Stankovich, S.; Dikin, D. A.; Dommett, G. H.; Kohlhaas, K. M.; Zimney, E. J.; Stach, E. A.; Piner, R. D.; Nguyen, S. T.; Ruoff, R. S. Graphene-Based Composite Materials Nature 2006, 442, 282-286 10.1038/nature04969
9. Chua, C. K.; Pumera, M. Chemical Reduction of Graphene Oxide: A Synthetic Chemistry Viewpoint Chem. Soc. Rev. 2014, 43, 291-312 10.1039/C3CS60303B
10. Nicolosi, V.; Chhowalla, M.; Kanatzidis, M. G.; Strano, M. S.; Coleman, J. N. Liquid Exfoliation of Layered Materials Science 2013, 340, 1226419 10.1126/science.1226419
11. Paton, K. R.; Varrla, E.; Backes, C.; Smith, R. J.; Khan, U.; O'Neill, A.; Boland, C.; Lotya, M.; Istrate, O. M.; King, P. et al. Scalable Production of Large Quantities of Defect-Free Few-Layer Graphene by Shear Exfoliation in Liquids Nat. Mater. 2014, 13, 624-630 10.1038/nmat3944
12. Li, D.; Mueller, M. B.; Gilje, S.; Kaner, R. B.; Wallace, G. G. Processable Aqueous Dispersions of Graphene Nanosheets Nat. Nanotechnol. 2008, 3, 101-105 10.1038/nnano.2007.451
13. Zhao, M. Q.; Zhang, Q.; Huang, J. Q.; Tian, G. L.; Nie, J. Q.; Peng, H. J.; Wei, F. Unstacked Double-Layer Templated Graphene for High-Rate Lithium-Sulphur Batteries Nat. Commun. 2014, 5, 3410 10.1038/ncomms4410
14. Zhu, Y. W.; Murali, S.; Stoller, M. D.; Ganesh, K. J.; Cai, W.; Ferreira, P. J.; Pirkle, A.; Wallace, R. M.; Cychosz, K. A.; Thommes, M. et al. Carbon-Based Supercapacitors Produced by Activation of Graphene Science 2011, 332, 1537-1541 10.1126/science.1200770
15. Cao, X.; Yin, Z.; Zhang, H. Three-Dimensional Graphene Materials: Preparation, Structures and Application in Supercapacitors Energy Environ. Sci. 2014, 7, 1850-1865 10.1039/C4EE00050A
16. Cui, C.; Qian, W.; Yu, Y.; Kong, C.; Yu, B.; Xiang, L.; Wei, F. Highly Electroconductive Mesoporous Graphene Nanofibers and Their Capacitance Performance at 4 V J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2014, 136, 2256-2259 10.1021/ja412219r
17. Zhang, Z.; Zhang, J.; Chen, N.; Qu, L. Graphene Quantum Dots: An Emerging Material for Energy-Related Applications and Beyond Energy Environ. Sci. 2012, 5, 8869-8890 10.1039/c2ee22982j
18. Park, S.; Ruoff, R. S. Synthesis of Graphene-Based Nanosheets via Chemical Reduction of Exfoliated Graphite Oxide Nat. Nanotechnol. 2009, 4, 217-224 10.1038/nnano.2009.58
19. Pei, S. F.; Cheng, H. M. The Reduction of Graphene Oxide Carbon 2012, 50, 3210-3228 10.1016/j.carbon.2011.11.010
20. Khan, U.; O'Neill, A.; Porwal, H.; May, P.; Nawaz, K.; Coleman, J. N. Size Selection of Dispersed, Exfoliated Graphene Flakes by Controlled Centrifugation Carbon 2012, 50, 470-475 10.1016/j.carbon.2011.09.001
21. Chen, Z.; Ren, W.; Gao, L.; Liu, B.; Pei, S.; Cheng, H. M. Three-Dimensional Flexible and Conductive Interconnected Graphene Networks Grown by Chemical Vapour Deposition Nat. Mater. 2011, 10, 424-428 10.1038/nmat3001
22. Yan, K.; Fu, L.; Peng, H. L.; Liu, Z. F. Designed CVD Growth of Graphene via Process Engineering Acc. Chem. Res. 2013, 46, 2263-2274 10.1021/ar400057n
23. Wei, D. C.; Wu, B.; Guo, Y. L.; Yu, G.; Liu, Y. Q. Controllable Chemical Vapor Deposition Growth of Few Layer Graphene for Electronic Devices Acc. Chem. Res. 2013, 46, 106-115 10.1021/ar300103f
24. Reina, A.; Jia, X.; Ho, J.; Nezich, D.; Son, H.; Bulovic, V.; Dresselhaus, M. S.; Kong, J. Layer Area, Few-Layer Graphene Films on Arbitrary Substrates by Chemical Vapor Deposition Nano Lett. 2009, 9, 30-35 10.1021/nl801827v
25. Shan, C.; Tang, H.; Wong, T.; He, L.; Lee, S. T. Facile Synthesis of A Large Quantity of Graphene by Chemical Vapor Deposition: An Advanced Catalyst Carrier Adv. Mater. 2012, 24, 2491-2495 10.1002/adma.201200480
26. Yoon, J. C.; Lee, J. S.; Kim, S. I.; Kim, K. H.; Jang, J. H. Three-Dimensional Graphene Nano-Networks with High Quality and Mass Production Capability via Precursor-Assisted Chemical Vapor Deposition Sci. Rep. 2013, 3, 1788 10.1038/srep01788
27. x by A Vapor-Solid-Solid Mechanism J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2011, 133, 197-199 10.1021/ja107855q
28. 4 Nanocomposites: Functional Dyads for Selective Oxidation of Saturated Hydrocarbons J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2011, 133, 8074-8077 10.1021/ja200997a
29. Wang, Y.; Zhang, J.; Wang, X.; Antonietti, M.; Li, H. Boron- and Fluorine-Containing Mesoporous Carbon Nitride Polymers: Metal-Free Catalysts for Cyclohexane Oxidation Angew. Chem., Int. Ed. 2010, 49, 3356-3359 10.1002/anie.201000120
30. Cancado, L. G.; Jorio, A.; Martins Ferreira, E. H.; Stavale, F.; Achete, C. A.; Capaz, R. B.; Moutinho, M. V. O.; Lombardo, A.; Kulmala, T. S.; Ferrari, A. C. Quantifying Defects in Graphene via Raman Spectroscopy at Different Excitation Energies Nano Lett. 2011, 11, 3190-3196 10.1021/nl201432g
31. Meyer, J. C.; Geim, A. K.; Katsnelson, M.; Novoselov, K.; Booth, T.; Roth, S. The Structure of Suspended Graphene Sheets Nature 2007, 446, 60-63 10.1038/nature05545
32. Jeon, I. Y.; Shin, Y. R.; Sohn, G. J.; Choi, H. J.; Bae, S. Y.; Mahmood, J.; Jung, S. M.; Seo, J. M.; Kim, M. J.; Chang, D. W. et al. Edge-Carboxylated Graphene Nanosheets via Ball Milling Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. 2012, 109, 5588-5593 10.1073/pnas.1116897109
33. Dreyer, D. R.; Park, S.; Bielawski, C. W.; Ruoff, R. S. The Chemistry of Graphene Oxide Chem. Soc. Rev. 2010, 39, 228-240 10.1039/B917103G
34. Stankovich, S.; Dikin, D. A.; Piner, R. D.; Kohlhaas, K. A.; Kleinhammes, A.; Jia, Y.; Wu, Y.; Nguyen, S. T.; Ruoff, R. S. Synthesis of Graphene-Based Nanosheets via Chemical Reduction of Exfoliated Graphite Oxide Carbon 2007, 45, 1558-1565 10.1016/j.carbon.2007.02.034
35. Chen, J.; Wen, Y.; Guo, Y.; Wu, B.; Huang, L.; Xue, Y.; Geng, D.; Wang, D.; Yu, G.; Liu, Y. Oxygen-Aided Synthesis of Polycrystalline Graphene on Silicon Dioxide Substrates J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2011, 133, 17548-17551 10.1021/ja2063633
36. Cheung, C. L.; Kurtz, A.; Park, H.; Lieber, C. M. Diameter-Controlled Synthesis of Carbon Nanotubes J. Phys. Chem. B 2002, 106, 2429-2433 10.1021/jp0142278
37. Lu, C.; Liu, J. Controlling the Diameter of Carbon Nanotubes in Chemical Vapor Deposition Method by Carbon Feeding J. Phys. Chem. B 2006, 110, 20254-20257 10.1021/jp0632283
38. Zheng, Y.; Liu, J.; Liang, J.; Jaroniec, M.; Qiao, S. Z. Graphitic Carbon Nitride Materials: Controllable Synthesis and Applications in Fuel Cells and Photocatalysis Energy Environ. Sci. 2012, 5, 6717-6731 10.1039/c2ee03479d
39. Yang, S.; Feng, X.; Wang, X.; Mullen, K. Graphene-Based Carbon Nitride Nanosheets as Efficient Metal-Free Electrocatalysts for Oxygen Reduction Reactions Angew. Chem., Int. Ed. 2011, 50, 5339-5343 10.1002/anie.201100170
40. Liang, Q.; Li, Z.; Huang, Z. H.; Kang, F. Y.; Yang, Q. H. Holey Graphitic Carbon Nitride Nanosheets with Carbon Vacancies for Highly Improved Photocatalytic Hydrogen Production Adv. Funct. Mater. 2015, 25, 6885-6892 10.1002/adfm.201503221
41. Sheng, Z. H.; Shao, L.; Chen, J. J.; Bao, W. J.; Wang, F. B.; Xia, X. H. Catalyst-Free Synthesis of Nitrogen-Doped Graphene via Thermal Annealing Graphite Oxide with Melamine and Its Excellent Electrocatalysis ACS Nano 2011, 5, 4350-4358 10.1021/nn103584t
42. Huang, H.; Yang, S.; Vajtai, R.; Wang, R.; Ajayan, P. M. Pt-Decorated 3D Architectures Built from Graphene and Graphitic Carbon Nitride Nanosheets as Efficient Methanol Oxidation Catalysts Adv. Mater. 2014, 26, 5160-5165 10.1002/adma.201401877
43. Liang, Q.; Li, Z.; Yu, X.; Huang, Z. H.; Kang, F. Y.; Yang, Q. H. Macroscopic 3D Porous Graphitic Carbon Nitride Monolith for Enhanced Photocatalytic Hydrogen Evolution Adv. Mater. 2015, 27, 4634-4639 10.1002/adma.201502057
44. 2 to Methane Chem. Commun. 2015, 51, 858-861 10.1039/C4CC08996K
45. Zhou, W.; Wischert, R.; Xue, K.; Zheng, Y.; Albela, B.; Bonneviot, L.; Clacens, J.; De Campo, F.; Pera-Titus, M.; Wu, P. Highly Selective Liquid-Phase Oxidation of Cyclohexane to KA Oil over Ti-MWW Catalyst: Evidence of Formation of Oxyl Radicals ACS Catal. 2014, 4, 53-62 10.1021/cs400757j
46. Maschmeyer, T.; Oldroyd, R. D.; Sankar, G.; Thomas, J. M.; Shannon, I. J.; Catlow, C. R. A.; Klepetko, J. A.; Masters, A. F.; Beattie, J. K. Designing A Solid Catalyst for the Selective Low-Temperature Oxidation of Cyclohexane to Cyclohexanone Angew. Chem., Int. Ed. Engl. 1997, 36, 1639-1642 10.1002/anie.199716391