메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 371, Issue 1692, 2016, Pages

The offspring quantity-quality trade-off and human fertility variation

Author keywords

Demographic transition; Life history theory; Parental investment

Indexed keywords

BIRTH RATE; CLUTCH SIZE; DEMOGRAPHIC TRANSITION; FERTILITY; HUMAN EVOLUTION; INDIVIDUAL VARIATION; LIFE HISTORY THEORY; PARENTAL INVESTMENT; REPRODUCTIVE SUCCESS; SIBLING; TRADE-OFF;

EID: 84961927572     PISSN: 09628436     EISSN: 14712970     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1098/rstb.2015.0145     Document Type: Review
Times cited : (53)

References (139)
  • 1
    • 84961957557 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Gary Becker on the quantity and quality of children
    • Doepke M. 2015 Gary Becker on the quantity and quality of children. J. Demogr. Econ. 81, 59-66. (doi:10.1017/dem.2014.8)
    • (2015) J. Demogr. Econ , vol.81 , pp. 59-66
    • Doepke, M.1
  • 3
    • 0001133512 scopus 로고
    • On the interaction between quantity and quality of children
    • Becker GS, Lewis HG. 1973 On the interaction between quantity and quality of children. J. Polit. Econ. 81, S279-S288. (doi:10.1086/260166)
    • (1973) J. Polit. Econ , vol.81
    • Becker, G.S.1    Lewis, H.G.2
  • 4
    • 2942585702 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Evolutionary biology and rational choice in models of fertility
    • (eds KW Wachter, RA Bulatao, Washington, DC: National Academies Press
    • Lam D. 2003 Evolutionary biology and rational choice in models of fertility. In Offspring: human fertility behaviour in biodemographic perspective (eds KW Wachter, RA Bulatao), pp. 322-338. Washington, DC: National Academies Press.
    • (2003) Offspring: Human Fertility Behaviour in Biodemographic Perspective , pp. 322-338
    • Lam, D.1
  • 5
    • 84866870759 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Low fertility increases descendant socioeconomic position but reduces long-term fitness in a modern postindustrial society
    • Goodman A, Koupil I, Lawson DW. 2012 Low fertility increases descendant socioeconomic position but reduces long-term fitness in a modern postindustrial society. Proc. R. Soc. B 279, 4342-4351. (doi:10.1098/rspb.2012.1415)
    • (2012) Proc. R. Soc. B , vol.279 , pp. 4342-4351
    • Goodman, A.1    Koupil, I.2    Lawson, D.W.3
  • 6
    • 21844486535 scopus 로고
    • Does observed fertility maximize fitness among New Mexican men? A test of an optimality model and a new theory of parental investment in the embodied capital of offspring
    • Kaplan HS, Lancaster JB, Johnson SE, Bock JA. 1995 Does observed fertility maximize fitness among New Mexican men? A test of an optimality model and a new theory of parental investment in the embodied capital of offspring. Hum. Nat. 6, 325-360. (doi:10.1007/BF02734205)
    • (1995) Hum. Nat , vol.6 , pp. 325-360
    • Kaplan, H.S.1    Lancaster, J.B.2    Johnson, S.E.3    Bock, J.A.4
  • 7
    • 79955575824 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Family size and intergenerational social mobility during the fertility transition: Evidence of resource dilution from the city of Antwerp in nineteenth century Belgium
    • Van Bavel J, Moreels S, Van de Putte B, Matthijs K. 2011 Family size and intergenerational social mobility during the fertility transition: evidence of resource dilution from the city of Antwerp in nineteenth century Belgium. Demogr. Res. 24, 313-344. (doi:10.4054/DemRes.2011.24.14)
    • (2011) Demogr. Res , vol.24 , pp. 313-344
    • Van Bavel, J.1    Moreels, S.2    Van De Putte, B.3    Matthijs, K.4
  • 8
    • 33646772530 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Family size and schooling in sub-Saharan African settings: A reexamination
    • Eloundou-Enyegue PM, Williams L. 2006 Family size and schooling in sub-Saharan African settings: a reexamination. Demography 43, 25-52. (doi:10.1353/dem.2006.0002)
    • (2006) Demography , vol.43 , pp. 25-52
    • Eloundou-Enyegue, P.M.1    Williams, L.2
  • 9
    • 84961911660 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Life history theory and human reproductive behaviour
    • (ed. V Swami, Oxford, UK: BPS Blackwell
    • Lawson DW. 2011 Life history theory and human reproductive behaviour. In Evolutionary psychology: a critical introduction (ed. V Swami), pp. 183-214. Oxford, UK: BPS Blackwell.
    • (2011) Evolutionary Psychology: A Critical Introduction , pp. 183-214
    • Lawson, D.W.1
  • 12
    • 0002961686 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The biological basis of economic behavior
    • Robson AJ. 2001 The biological basis of economic behavior. J. Econ. Lit. 39, 11-33. (doi:10.1257/jel.39.1.11)
    • (2001) J. Econ. Lit , vol.39 , pp. 11-33
    • Robson, A.J.1
  • 13
    • 0028579667 scopus 로고
    • Evolutionary and wealth flows theories of fertility: Empirical tests and new models
    • Kaplan H. 1994 Evolutionary and wealth flows theories of fertility: empirical tests and new models. Popul. Dev. Rev. 20, 753-791. (doi:10.2307/2137661)
    • (1994) Popul. Dev. Rev , vol.20 , pp. 753-791
    • Kaplan, H.1
  • 15
    • 17644385588 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Biodemography of fertility and family formation
    • (eds KW Wachter, RA Bulatao, Washington, DC: National Academies Press
    • Wachter KA. 2003 Biodemography of fertility and family formation. In Offspring: human fertility behaviour in biodemographic perspective (eds KW Wachter, RA Bulatao), pp. 1-17. Washington, DC: National Academies Press.
    • (2003) Offspring: Human Fertility Behaviour in Biodemographic Perspective , pp. 1-17
    • Wachter, K.A.1
  • 16
    • 79551686795 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Parental investment and the optimization of human family size
    • Lawson DW, Mace R. 2011 Parental investment and the optimization of human family size. Phil. Trans. R. Soc. B 366, 333-343. (doi:10.1098/rstb.2010.0297)
    • (2011) Phil. Trans. R. Soc. B , vol.366 , pp. 333-343
    • Lawson, D.W.1    Mace, R.2
  • 17
    • 0034311796 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Optimizing offspring: The quantity-quality tradeoff in agropastoral Kipsigis
    • Borgerhoff Mulder M. 2000 Optimizing offspring: the quantity-quality tradeoff in agropastoral Kipsigis. Evol. Hum. Behav. 21, 391-410. (doi:10.1016/S1090-5138(00)00054-4)
    • (2000) Evol. Hum. Behav , vol.21 , pp. 391-410
    • Borgerhoff Mulder, M.1
  • 18
    • 39149098108 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The trade-off between number and size of offspring in humans and other primates
    • Walker RS, Gurven M, Burger O, Hamilton MJ. 2008 The trade-off between number and size of offspring in humans and other primates. Proc. R. Soc. B 275, 827-834. (doi:10.1098/rspb.2007.1511)
    • (2008) Proc. R. Soc. B , vol.275 , pp. 827-834
    • Walker, R.S.1    Gurven, M.2    Burger, O.3    Hamilton, M.J.4
  • 21
    • 83355163064 scopus 로고
    • The significance of clutch-size
    • Lack D. 1947 The significance of clutch-size. Ibis 89, 302-352. (doi:10.1111/j.1474-919X.1947.tb04155.x)
    • (1947) Ibis , vol.89 , pp. 302-352
    • Lack, D.1
  • 23
    • 0037316432 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Clutch size manipulation, hatching success and offspring phenotype in the ball python (Python regius)
    • Aubret F, Bonnet X, Shine R, Maumelat S. 2003 Clutch size manipulation, hatching success and offspring phenotype in the ball python (Python regius). Biol. J. Linn. Soc. 78, 263-272. (doi:10.1046/j.1095-8312.2003.00169.x)
    • (2003) Biol. J. Linn. Soc , vol.78 , pp. 263-272
    • Aubret, F.1    Bonnet, X.2    Shine, R.3    Maumelat, S.4
  • 24
    • 0026442969 scopus 로고
    • Clutch size in a parasitoid wasp: A manipulation experiment
    • Hardy ICW, Griffiths NT, Godfray HCJ. 1992 Clutch size in a parasitoid wasp: a manipulation experiment. J. Anim. Ecol. 61, 121-129. (doi:10.2307/5515)
    • (1992) J. Anim. Ecol , vol.61 , pp. 121-129
    • Hardy, I.1    Griffiths, N.T.2    Godfray, H.C.J.3
  • 25
    • 0041813241 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cost of reproduction in the wild: Manipulation of reproductive effort in the bank vole
    • Koivula M, Koskela E, Mappes T, Oksanen TA. 2003 Cost of reproduction in the wild: manipulation of reproductive effort in the bank vole. Ecology 84, 398-405. (doi:10.1890/0012-9658(2003)084[0398:CORITW]2.0.CO;2)
    • (2003) Ecology , vol.84 , pp. 398-405
    • Koivula, M.1    Koskela, E.2    Mappes, T.3    Oksanen, T.A.4
  • 26
    • 0036344485 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Hormonal manipulation of offspring number: Maternal effort and reproductive costs
    • Oksanen TA, Koskela E, Mappes T. 2002 Hormonal manipulation of offspring number: maternal effort and reproductive costs. Evolution 56, 1530-1537. (doi:10.1111/j.0014-3820.2002.tb01463.x)
    • (2002) Evolution , vol.56 , pp. 1530-1537
    • Oksanen, T.A.1    Koskela, E.2    Mappes, T.3
  • 27
    • 0035081253 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The individual optimization of fitness: Variation in reproductive output, including clutch size, mean nestling mass and offspring recruitment, in manipulated broods of great tits Parus major
    • Pettifor RA, Perrins CM, McCleery RH. 2008 The individual optimization of fitness: variation in reproductive output, including clutch size, mean nestling mass and offspring recruitment, in manipulated broods of great tits Parus major. J. Anim. Ecol. 70, 62-79. (doi:10.1111/j.1365-2656.2001.00465.x)
    • (2008) J. Anim. Ecol , vol.70 , pp. 62-79
    • Pettifor, R.A.1    Perrins, C.M.2    McCleery, R.H.3
  • 28
    • 0001026007 scopus 로고
    • Natural selection, the costs of reproduction, and a refinement of Lack’s principle
    • Williams, GC. 1966 Natural selection, the costs of reproduction, and a refinement of Lack’s principle. Am. Nat. 100, 687-690. (doi:10.1086/282461)
    • (1966) Am. Nat , vol.100 , pp. 687-690
    • Williams, G.C.1
  • 29
    • 0025206519 scopus 로고
    • Brood size manipulations in the kestrel (Falco tinnunculus): Effects on offspring and parent survival
    • Dijkstra C, Bult A, Biflsma S, Dann S, Meiger T, Zijlstra M. 1990 Brood size manipulations in the kestrel (Falco tinnunculus): effects on offspring and parent survival. J. Anim. Ecol. 59, 269-285. (doi:10.2307/5172)
    • (1990) J. Anim. Ecol , vol.59 , pp. 269-285
    • Dijkstra, C.1    Bult, A.2    Biflsma, S.3    Dann, S.4    Meiger, T.5    Zijlstra, M.6
  • 30
    • 0024193512 scopus 로고
    • The costs of reproduction in the collared flycatcher Ficedula albicollis
    • Gustafsson L, Sutherland WJ. 1988 The costs of reproduction in the collared flycatcher Ficedula albicollis. Nature 335, 813-815. (doi:10.1038/335813a0)
    • (1988) Nature , vol.335 , pp. 813-815
    • Gustafsson, L.1    Sutherland, W.J.2
  • 31
    • 84961908757 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Becker and the demographic transition
    • Lee R. 2015 Becker and the demographic transition. J. Demogr. Econ. 81, 67-74. (doi:10.1017/dem.2014.9)
    • (2015) J. Demogr. Econ , vol.81 , pp. 67-74
    • Lee, R.1
  • 32
    • 0034619351 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Clutch size evolution under sexual conflict enhances the stability of mating systems
    • Smith HG, Hardling R. 2000 Clutch size evolution under sexual conflict enhances the stability of mating systems. Proc. R. Soc. B 267, 2163-2170. (doi:10.1098/rspb.2000.1264)
    • (2000) Proc. R. Soc. B , vol.267 , pp. 2163-2170
    • Smith, H.G.1    Hardling, R.2
  • 33
    • 70449602348 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Parental and mating effort: Is there neccessarily a trade-off
    • Stiver KA, Alonzo SH. 2009 Parental and mating effort: is there neccessarily a trade-off? Int. J. Behav. Biol. 115, 1101-1126. (doi:10.1111/j.1439-0310.2009.01707.x)
    • (2009) Int. J. Behav. Biol , vol.115 , pp. 1101-1126
    • Stiver, K.A.1    Alonzo, S.H.2
  • 35
    • 84961909494 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Status competition, inequality, and fertility: Implications for the demographic transition
    • Shenk MK, Kaplan HS, Hooper PL. 2016 Status competition, inequality, and fertility: implications for the demographic transition. Phil. Trans. R. Soc. B 371, 20150150. (doi:10.1098/rstb.2015.0150)
    • (2016) Phil. Trans. R. Soc. B , vol.371
    • Shenk, M.K.1    Kaplan, H.S.2    Hooper, P.L.3
  • 36
    • 0026330705 scopus 로고
    • Constraints on the evolution of life histories and discussion
    • Patridge L, Sibly R, Beverton RJH, Hill WG. 1991 Constraints on the evolution of life histories and discussion. Phil. Trans. R. Soc. B 332, 3-13. (doi:10.1098/rstb.1991.0027)
    • (1991) Phil. Trans. R. Soc. B , vol.332 , pp. 3-13
    • Patridge, L.1    Sibly, R.2    Beverton, R.3    Hill, W.G.4
  • 37
    • 0008749163 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Rethinking rationality
    • (eds G Gigerenzer, R Selten, Oxford, UK: Oxford University Press
    • Gigerenzer G, Selten R. 2002 Rethinking rationality. In Bounded rationality: the adaptive toolbox (eds G Gigerenzer, R Selten), pp. 1-12. Oxford, UK: Oxford University Press.
    • (2002) Bounded Rationality: The Adaptive Toolbox , pp. 1-12
    • Gigerenzer, G.1    Selten, R.2
  • 39
    • 0032221251 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Adaptively relevant environments versus the environment of evolutionary adaptedness
    • Irons W. 1998 Adaptively relevant environments versus the environment of evolutionary adaptedness. Evol. Anthropol. Issues News Rev. 6, 194-204. (doi:10.1002/(SICI)1520-6505(1998)6:6,194::AID-EVAN2.3.0.CO;2-B)
    • (1998) Evol. Anthropol. Issues News Rev , vol.6 , pp. 194-220
    • Irons, W.1
  • 40
    • 84961875108 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The cultural evolution of fertility decline
    • Colleran H. 2016 The cultural evolution of fertility decline. Phil. Trans. R. Soc. B 371, 20150152. (doi:10.1098/rstb.2015.0152)
    • (2016) Phil. Trans. R. Soc. B , vol.371
    • Colleran, H.1
  • 41
    • 85179200246 scopus 로고
    • Berkeley, CA: University of California Press
    • Blake J. 1989 Family size and achievement. Berkeley, CA: University of California Press.
    • (1989) Family Size and Achievement
    • Blake, J.1
  • 42
    • 0035377614 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Number of siblings and intellectual development: The resource dilution explanation
    • Downey DB. 2000 Number of siblings and intellectual development: the resource dilution explanation. Am. Psychol. 56, 497-504. (doi:10.1037/0003-066X.56.6-7.497)
    • (2000) Am. Psychol , vol.56 , pp. 497-504
    • Downey, D.B.1
  • 43
    • 0023504236 scopus 로고
    • Clutch size in birds: A predation perspective
    • Lima S. 1987 Clutch size in birds: a predation perspective. Ecology 68, 1062-1070.
    • (1987) Ecology , vol.68 , pp. 1062-1070
    • Lima, S.1
  • 44
    • 64049106700 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Trade-offs in modern parenting: A longitudinal study of sibling competition for parental care. Evol. Hum
    • Lawson DW, Mace R. 2009 Trade-offs in modern parenting: a longitudinal study of sibling competition for parental care. Evol. Hum. Behav. 30, 170-183. (doi:10.1016/j.evolhumbehav.2008.12.001)
    • (2009) Behav , vol.30 , pp. 170-183
    • Lawson, D.W.1    Mace, R.2
  • 45
    • 84946350057 scopus 로고
    • Do tropical birds rear as many offspring as they can nourish?
    • Skutch AF. 1949 Do tropical birds rear as many offspring as they can nourish? Ibis 91, 430-458. (doi:10.1111/j.1474-919X.1949.tb02293.x)
    • (1949) Ibis , vol.91 , pp. 430-458
    • Skutch, A.F.1
  • 46
    • 0022838477 scopus 로고
    • The evolution of begging: Sibling competition and parent-offspring conflict
    • Harper AB. 1986 The evolution of begging: sibling competition and parent-offspring conflict. Am. Nat. 128, 99-114. (doi:10.1086/284542)
    • (1986) Am. Nat , vol.128 , pp. 99-114
    • Harper, A.B.1
  • 48
    • 0001143473 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Brothers and sisters: How sibling interactions affect optimal parental allocations
    • Borgerhoff Mulder M. 1998 Brothers and sisters: how sibling interactions affect optimal parental allocations. Hum. Nat. 9, 119-162. (doi:10.1007/s12110-998-1001-6)
    • (1998) Hum. Nat , vol.9 , pp. 119-162
    • Borgerhoff Mulder, M.1
  • 49
    • 84912100067 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Lethal coalitionary aggression and long-term alliance formation among Yanomamo¨ men
    • Macfarlan SJ, Walker RS, Flinn MV, Chagnon NA. 2014 Lethal coalitionary aggression and long-term alliance formation among Yanomamo¨ men. Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA 111, 16662-16669. (doi:10.1073/pnas.1418639111)
    • (2014) Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA , vol.111 , pp. 16662-16669
    • Macfarlan, S.J.1    Walker, R.S.2    Flinn, M.V.3    Chagnon, N.A.4
  • 50
    • 0022836233 scopus 로고
    • Advantages and disadvantages of egret and heron brood reduction
    • Parker GA, Mock DW. 1986 Advantages and disadvantages of egret and heron brood reduction. Evolution 40, 459-470. (doi:10.2307/2408569)
    • (1986) Evolution , vol.40 , pp. 459-470
    • Parker, G.A.1    Mock, D.W.2
  • 51
    • 33748244069 scopus 로고
    • Natural selection and the communal rearing of pups in African wild dogs (Lycaon pictus)
    • Malcom J, Marten K. 1982 Natural selection and the communal rearing of pups in African wild dogs (Lycaon pictus). Behav. Ecol. Sociobiol. 10, 1-13. (doi:10.1007/BF00296390)
    • (1982) Behav. Ecol. Sociobiol , vol.10 , pp. 1-13
    • Malcom, J.1    Marten, K.2
  • 52
    • 0011324889 scopus 로고
    • Similarity in the development of foraging mechanics among sibling ospreys
    • Edwards Jr TC. 1989 Similarity in the development of foraging mechanics among sibling ospreys. Condor 1, 30-36. (doi:10.2307/1368145)
    • (1989) Condor , vol.1 , pp. 30-36
    • Edwards, T.C.1
  • 53
    • 33645066054 scopus 로고
    • Sibships: Cooperation and competition among immature vervet monkeys
    • Lee P. 1987 Sibships: Cooperation and competition among immature vervet monkeys. Primates 28, 47-59. (doi:10.1007/BF02382182)
    • (1987) Primates , vol.28 , pp. 47-59
    • Lee, P.1
  • 54
    • 79952526207 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Co-residence patterns in huntergatherer societies show unique human social structure
    • Hill KR et al. 2011 Co-residence patterns in huntergatherer societies show unique human social structure. Science 331, 1286-1289. (doi:10.1126/science.1199071)
    • (2011) Science , vol.331 , pp. 1286-1289
    • Hill, K.R.1
  • 55
    • 77952670965 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Siblings and childhood mental health: Evidence for a later-born advantage
    • Lawson DW, Mace R. 2010 Siblings and childhood mental health: evidence for a later-born advantage. Soc. Sci. Med. 70, 2061-2069. (doi:10.1016/j.socscimed.2010.03.009)
    • (2010) Soc. Sci. Med , vol.70 , pp. 2061-2069
    • Lawson, D.W.1    Mace, R.2
  • 56
    • 0002362308 scopus 로고
    • Bushman birth spacing: A test for optimal interbirth intervals
    • Blurton Jones N. 1986 Bushman birth spacing: a test for optimal interbirth intervals. Ethol. Sociobiol. 7, 91-105. (doi:10.1016/0162-3095(86)90002-6)
    • (1986) Ethol. Sociobiol , vol.7 , pp. 91-105
    • Blurton Jones, N.1
  • 57
    • 68149169600 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The force of selection on the human life cycle
    • Jones JH. 2009 The force of selection on the human life cycle. Evol. Hum. Behav. 30, 305-314. (doi:10.1016/j.evolhumbehav.2009.01.005)
    • (2009) Evol. Hum. Behav , vol.30 , pp. 305-314
    • Jones, J.H.1
  • 58
    • 0001594760 scopus 로고
    • Childspacing effects on infant and early child mortality
    • Hobcraft J, McDonald JW, Rutstein S. 1983 Childspacing effects on infant and early child mortality. Popul. Index 49, 585-618. (doi:10.2307/2737284)
    • (1983) Popul. Index , vol.49 , pp. 585-618
    • Hobcraft, J.1    McDonald, J.W.2    Rutstein, S.3
  • 59
    • 0023723326 scopus 로고
    • Fitness and fertility among kalahari !Kung
    • Pennington R, Harpending H. 1988 Fitness and fertility among kalahari !Kung. Am. J. Phys. Anthropol. 77, 303-319. (doi:10.1002/ajpa.1330770304)
    • (1988) Am. J. Phys. Anthropol , vol.77 , pp. 303-319
    • Pennington, R.1    Harpending, H.2
  • 60
    • 0010837826 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Birth order, sibling investment, and fertility among Ju/’Hoansi (!Kung)
    • Draper P, Hames R. 2000 Birth order, sibling investment, and fertility among Ju/’Hoansi (!Kung). Hum. Nat. 11, 117-156. (doi:10.1007/s12110-000-1016-0)
    • (2000) Hum. Nat , vol.11 , pp. 117-156
    • Draper, P.1    Hames, R.2
  • 62
    • 84937501622 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Measuring selective constraint on fertility in human life histories
    • Jones JH, Tuljapurkar S. 2015 Measuring selective constraint on fertility in human life histories. Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA 112, 8982-8986. (doi:10.1073/pnas.1422037112)
    • (2015) Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA , vol.112 , pp. 8982-8986
    • Jones, J.H.1    Tuljapurkar, S.2
  • 63
    • 53149112709 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Life-history theory, fertility and reproductive success in humans
    • Strassmann BI, Gillespie B. 2002 Life-history theory, fertility and reproductive success in humans. Proc. R. Soc. B 269, 553-562. (doi:10.1098/rspb.2001.1912)
    • (2002) Proc. R. Soc. B , vol.269 , pp. 553-562
    • Strassmann, B.I.1    Gillespie, B.2
  • 64
    • 33846293579 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Differential fitness costs of reproduction between the sexes
    • Penn DJ, Smith KR. 2007 Differential fitness costs of reproduction between the sexes. Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA 104, 553-558. (doi:10.1073/pnas.0609301103)
    • (2007) Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA , vol.104 , pp. 553-558
    • Penn, D.J.1    Smith, K.R.2
  • 65
    • 38849199113 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • When fecundity does not equal fitness: Evidence of an offspring quantity versus quality trade-off in preindustrial humans
    • Gillespie DOS, Russell AF, Lummaa V. 2008 When fecundity does not equal fitness: evidence of an offspring quantity versus quality trade-off in preindustrial humans. Proc. R. Soc. B 275, 713-722. (doi:10.1098/rspb.2007.1000)
    • (2008) Proc. R. Soc. B , vol.275 , pp. 713-722
    • Gillespie, D.1    Russell, A.F.2    Lummaa, V.3
  • 67
    • 84868136310 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The lifehistory trade-off between fertility and child survival
    • Lawson DW, Alvergne A, Gibson MA. 2012 The lifehistory trade-off between fertility and child survival. Proc. R. Soc. B 279, 4755-4764. (doi:10.1098/rspb.2012.1635)
    • (2012) Proc. R. Soc. B , vol.279 , pp. 4755-4764
    • Lawson, D.W.1    Alvergne, A.2    Gibson, M.A.3
  • 68
    • 13844284324 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Reproductive measures, fitness, and migrating Mennonites: An evolutionary analysis
    • Stevenson JC, Everson PM, Grimes M. 2004 Reproductive measures, fitness, and migrating Mennonites: an evolutionary analysis. Hum. Biol. 76, 667-687. (doi:10.1353/hub.2005.0010)
    • (2004) Hum. Biol , vol.76 , pp. 667-687
    • Stevenson, J.C.1    Everson, P.M.2    Grimes, M.3
  • 69
    • 84961914937 scopus 로고
    • Acquisition and allocation of resources: Their influence on variation in life history tactics
    • van Noordwijk A, de Jong G. 1986 Acquisition and allocation of resources: their influence on variation in life history tactics. Am. Nat. 128, 137-142. (doi:10.1086/284547)
    • (1986) Am. Nat , vol.128 , pp. 137-142
    • Van Noordwijk, A.1    De Jong, G.2
  • 70
    • 84937331668 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Perceiving mortality decline
    • Montgomery MR. 2000 Perceiving mortality decline. Popul. Dev. Rev. 26, 795-819. (doi:10.1111/j.1728-4457.2000.00795.x)
    • (2000) Popul. Dev. Rev , vol.26 , pp. 795-819
    • Montgomery, M.R.1
  • 71
    • 27544471217 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Reproductive strategies and decisions in Senegal: The role of child mortality
    • Randall S, Legrand T. 2003 Reproductive strategies and decisions in Senegal: the role of child mortality. Population-E 58, 687-715.
    • (2003) Population-E , vol.58 , pp. 687-715
    • Randall, S.1    Legrand, T.2
  • 72
    • 39049184350 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Human parental effort and environmental risk
    • Quinlan RJ. 2007 Human parental effort and environmental risk. Proc. R. Soc. B 274, 121-125. (doi:10.1098/rspb.2006.3690)
    • (2007) Proc. R. Soc. B , vol.274 , pp. 121-125
    • Quinlan, R.J.1
  • 73
    • 0034767578 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Parental investment and child health in a Yanomamo village suffering short-term food stress
    • Hagen EH, Hames RB, Craig NM, Lauer MT, Price ME. 2001 Parental investment and child health in a Yanomamo village suffering short-term food stress. J. Biosoc. Sci. 33, 503-528. (doi:10.1017/S002193200100503X)
    • (2001) J. Biosoc. Sci , vol.33 , pp. 503-528
    • Hagen, E.H.1    Hames, R.B.2    Craig, N.M.3    Lauer, M.T.4    Price, M.E.5
  • 74
    • 33744958437 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Do human parents face a quantity-quality tradeoff?: Evidence from a Shuar community
    • Hagen EH, Barrett HC, Price ME. 2006 Do human parents face a quantity-quality tradeoff?: evidence from a Shuar community. Am. J. Phys. Anthropol. 130, 405-418. (doi:10.1002/ajpa.20272)
    • (2006) Am. J. Phys. Anthropol , vol.130 , pp. 405-418
    • Hagen, E.H.1    Barrett, H.C.2    Price, M.E.3
  • 75
    • 79960619496 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cooperation and competition in a cliff-dwelling people
    • Strassmann BI. 2011 Cooperation and competition in a cliff-dwelling people. Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA 108, 10894-10901. (doi:10.1073/pnas.1100306108)
    • (2011) Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA , vol.108 , pp. 10894-10901
    • Strassmann, B.I.1
  • 76
    • 79952762694 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The shape of things to come? Household dependency ratio and adolescent nutritional status in rural and urban Ethiopia
    • Hadley C, Belachew T, Lindstrom D, Tessema F. 2011 The shape of things to come? household dependency ratio and adolescent nutritional status in rural and urban Ethiopia. Am. J. Phys. Anthropol. 144, 643-652. (doi:10.1002/ajpa.21463)
    • (2011) Am. J. Phys. Anthropol , vol.144 , pp. 643-652
    • Hadley, C.1    Belachew, T.2    Lindstrom, D.3    Tessema, F.4
  • 77
    • 84937061483 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Sibling effects on nutritional status: Intersections of cooperation and competition across development
    • press
    • Helfrecht C, Meehan CL. In press. Sibling effects on nutritional status: Intersections of cooperation and competition across development. Am. J. Hum. Biol. (doi:10.1002/ajhb.22763)
    • Am. J. Hum. Biol
    • Helfrecht, C.1    Meehan, C.L.2
  • 78
    • 33646860992 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Children’s help and the pace of reproduction: Cooperative breeding in humans
    • Kramer KL. 2005 Children’s help and the pace of reproduction: cooperative breeding in humans. Evol. Anthropol. Issues News Rev. 14, 224-237. (doi:10.1002/evan.20082)
    • (2005) Evol. Anthropol. Issues News Rev , vol.14 , pp. 224-237
    • Kramer, K.L.1
  • 79
    • 0036761424 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Children’s economic roles in the Maya family life cycle: Cain, Caldwell and, Chayanov revisited
    • Lee RD, Kramer KL. 2004 Children’s economic roles in the Maya family life cycle: Cain, Caldwell and, Chayanov revisited. Popul. Dev. Rev. 28, 475-499. (doi:10.1111/j.1728-4457.2002.00475.x)
    • (2004) Popul. Dev. Rev , vol.28 , pp. 475-499
    • Lee, R.D.1    Kramer, K.L.2
  • 80
    • 36749081505 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Mace R. 2008 Who keeps children alive? A review of the effects of kin on child survival
    • Sear R, Mace R. 2008 Who keeps children alive? A review of the effects of kin on child survival. Evol. Hum. Behav. 29, 1-18. (doi:10.1016/j.evolhumbehav.2007.10.001)
    • Evol. Hum. Behav , vol.29 , pp. 1-18
    • Sear, R.1
  • 82
    • 0347792064 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A theory of fertility and parental investment in traditional and modern human societies
    • Kaplan H. 1996 A theory of fertility and parental investment in traditional and modern human societies. Am. J. Phys. Anthropol. 101, 91-135. (doi:10.1002/(SICI)1096-8644(1996)23þ,91::AIDAJPA4.3.0.CO;2-C)
    • (1996) Am. J. Phys. Anthropol , vol.101 , pp. 91-135
    • Kaplan, H.1
  • 83
    • 79551684826 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Modernization increases parental investment and sibling resource competition: Evidence from a rural development initiative in Ethiopia
    • Gibson MA, Lawson DW. 2011 ‘Modernization’ increases parental investment and sibling resource competition: evidence from a rural development initiative in Ethiopia. Evol. Hum. Behav. 32, 97-105. (doi:10.1016/j.evolhumbehav.2010.10.002)
    • (2011) Evol. Hum. Behav , vol.32 , pp. 97-105
    • Gibson, M.A.1    Lawson, D.W.2
  • 84
    • 21244470744 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Kinship and reproduction in a Caribbean community
    • Quinlan RJ, Flinn MV. 2005 Kinship and reproduction in a Caribbean community. Hum. Nat. 16, 32-57. (doi:10.1007/s12110-005-1006-3)
    • (2005) Hum. Nat , vol.16 , pp. 32-57
    • Quinlan, R.J.1    Flinn, M.V.2
  • 85
    • 0029667367 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Biased parental investment and reproductive success in Gabbra pastoralists
    • Mace R. 1996 Biased parental investment and reproductive success in Gabbra pastoralists. Behav. Ecol. Sociobiol. 38, 75-81. (doi:10.1007/s002650050219)
    • (1996) Behav. Ecol. Sociobiol , vol.38 , pp. 75-81
    • Mace, R.1
  • 86
    • 70350609855 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Intergenerational wealth transmission and the dynamics of inequality in small-scale societies
    • Borgerhoff Mulder M et al. 2009 Intergenerational wealth transmission and the dynamics of inequality in small-scale societies. Science 326, 682-688. (doi:10.1126/science.1178336)
    • (2009) Science , vol.326 , pp. 682-688
    • Borgerhoff Mulder, M.1
  • 87
    • 79952287541 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Land inheritance establishes sibling competition for marriage and reproduction in rural Ethiopia
    • Gibson MA, Gurmu E. 2011 Land inheritance establishes sibling competition for marriage and reproduction in rural Ethiopia. Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA 108, 2200-2204. (doi:10.1073/pnas.1010241108)
    • (2011) Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA , vol.108 , pp. 2200-2204
    • Gibson, M.A.1    Gurmu, E.2
  • 88
    • 0032576880 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The coevolution of human fertility and wealth inheritance strategies
    • Mace R. 1998 The coevolution of human fertility and wealth inheritance strategies. Phil. Trans. R. Soc. B 353, 389-397. (doi:10.1098/rstb.1998.0217)
    • (1998) Phil. Trans. R. Soc. B , vol.353 , pp. 389-397
    • Mace, R.1
  • 89
    • 85070685778 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • To marry again or not? A dynamic model for demographic transition
    • (eds L Cronk, NA Chagnon, W Irons, New York, NY: Aldine de Gruyter
    • Luttbeg B, Borgerhoff Mulder M, Mangel M. 2000 To marry again or not? A dynamic model for demographic transition. In Human behavior and adaptation: an anthropological perspective (eds L Cronk, NA Chagnon, W Irons), pp. 345-368. New York, NY: Aldine de Gruyter.
    • (2000) Human Behavior and Adaptation: An Anthropological Perspective , pp. 345-368
    • Luttbeg, B.1    Borgerhoff Mulder, M.2    Mangel, M.3
  • 90
    • 0000335701 scopus 로고
    • Differential infant and child mortality in evolutionary perspective: DAta from late 17th to 19th century Ostfriesland (Germany)
    • (eds L Betzig, M Borgerhoff Mudler, Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press
    • Voland E. 1988 Differential infant and child mortality in evolutionary perspective: DAta from late 17th to 19th century Ostfriesland (Germany). In Human reproductive behaviour: a Darwinian perspective (eds L Betzig, M Borgerhoff Mudler), pp. 253-261. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press.
    • (1988) Human Reproductive Behaviour: A Darwinian Perspective , pp. 253-261
    • Voland, E.1
  • 91
    • 0346397984 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Why is son preference so persistent in East and South Asia? A cross-country study of China, India and the Republic of Korea
    • Das Gupta M, Zhenghua J, Bohua L, Zhenming X, Chung W, Hwa-Ok B. 2003 Why is son preference so persistent in East and South Asia? A cross-country study of China, India and the Republic of Korea. J. Dev. Stud. 40, 153-187. (doi:10.1080/00220380412331293807)
    • (2003) J. Dev. Stud , vol.40 , pp. 153-187
    • Das Gupta, M.1    Zhenghua, J.2    Bohua, L.3    Zhenming, X.4    Chung, W.5    Hwa-Ok, B.6
  • 92
    • 0002236571 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Ecological constraints on marriage in rural Ireland
    • Strassmann BI, Clarke A. 1998 Ecological constraints on marriage in rural Ireland. Evol. Hum. Behav. 19, 33-35. (doi:10.1016/S1090-5138(97)00103-7)
    • (1998) Evol. Hum. Behav , vol.19 , pp. 33-35
    • Strassmann, B.I.1    Clarke, A.2
  • 93
    • 21344485380 scopus 로고
    • Darwin and the puzzle of primogeniture
    • Hrdy SB, Judge DS. 1993 Darwin and the puzzle of primogeniture. Hum. Nat. 4, 1-45. (doi:10.1007/BF02734088)
    • (1993) Hum. Nat , vol.4 , pp. 1-45
    • Hrdy, S.B.1    Judge, D.S.2
  • 95
    • 43449098880 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Intrafamilial resource competition and mate competition shaped socialgroup- specific natal disperal in the 18th and 19th century Krummho¨rn population
    • Beise J, Voland E. 2008 Intrafamilial resource competition and mate competition shaped socialgroup- specific natal disperal in the 18th and 19th century Krummho¨rn population. Am. J. Hum. Biol. 20, 325-336. (doi:10.1002/ajhb.20730)
    • (2008) Am. J. Hum. Biol , vol.20 , pp. 325-336
    • Beise, J.1    Voland, E.2
  • 96
    • 85067504079 scopus 로고
    • European marriage patterns in perspective
    • (eds D Glass, D Eversley, London, UK: Edward Arnold
    • Hajnal J. 1965 European marriage patterns in perspective. In Population in history (eds D Glass, D Eversley), pp. 101-143. London, UK: Edward Arnold.
    • (1965) Population in History , pp. 101-143
    • Hajnal, J.1
  • 97
    • 0027750048 scopus 로고
    • Re-examination of Rendille population regulation
    • Roth EA. 1993 Re-examination of Rendille population regulation. Am. Anthropol. 95, 597-612. (doi:10.1525/aa.1993.95.3.02a00030)
    • (1993) Am. Anthropol , vol.95 , pp. 597-612
    • Roth, E.A.1
  • 98
    • 38949186045 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Women’s reproductive lives and the roles of their mothers and husbands among the matrilineal Khasi
    • Leonetti DL, Nath DC, Hemam NS. 2007 In-law conflict: women’s reproductive lives and the roles of their mothers and husbands among the matrilineal Khasi. Curr. Anthropol. 48, 861-890. (doi:10.1086/520976)
    • (2007) Curr. Anthropol , vol.48 , pp. 861-890
    • Leonetti, D.L.1    Nath, D.C.2    Hemam, N.S.3
  • 99
    • 84961872451 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • How does variance in fertility change over the demographic transition
    • Hruschka DJ, Burger O. 2016 How does variance in fertility change over the demographic transition? Phil. Trans. R. Soc. B 371, 20150155. (doi:1098/rstb.2015.0155)
    • (2016) Phil. Trans. R. Soc. B , vol.371
    • Hruschka, D.J.1    Burger, O.2
  • 100
    • 0036145478 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Risk-sensitive fertility: The variance compensation hypothesis
    • Winterhalder B, Leslie P. 2002 Risk-sensitive fertility: the variance compensation hypothesis. Evol. Hum. Behav. 23, 59-82. (doi:10.1016/S1090-5138(01)00089-7)
    • (2002) Evol. Hum. Behav. , vol.23 , pp. 59-82
    • Winterhalder, B.1    Leslie, P.2
  • 102
    • 0032228174 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Evolutionary ecology of human reproduction
    • Voland E. 1998 Evolutionary ecology of human reproduction. Annu. Rev. Anthropol. 27, 347-374. (doi:10.1146/annurev.anthro.27.1.347)
    • (1998) Annu. Rev. Anthropol , vol.27 , pp. 347-374
    • Voland, E.1
  • 103
    • 33845878527 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Capital or income breeding? A theoretical model of female reproductie strategies
    • Houston AI, Stephens PA, Boyd IL, Harding KC, McNamara JM. 2007 Capital or income breeding? A theoretical model of female reproductie strategies. Behav. Ecol. 18, 241-250. (doi:10.1093/beheco/arl080)
    • (2007) Behav. Ecol , vol.18 , pp. 241-250
    • Houston, A.I.1    Stephens, P.A.2    Boyd, I.L.3    Harding, K.C.4    McNamara, J.M.5
  • 104
    • 70449567247 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The ecology and evolutionary endocrinology of reproduction in the human female
    • Vitzthum V. 2009 The ecology and evolutionary endocrinology of reproduction in the human female. Am. J. Phys. Anthropol. 49, 95-136. (doi:10.1002/ajpa.21195)
    • (2009) Am. J. Phys. Anthropol , vol.49 , pp. 95-136
    • Vitzthum, V.1
  • 105
    • 0036741008 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • On the limits of the life cycle in ethnography: Towards a theory of vital conjunctures
    • Johnson-Hanks J. 2002 On the limits of the life cycle in ethnography: towards a theory of vital conjunctures. Am. Anthropol. 104, 865-880. (doi:10.1525/aa.2002.104.3.865)
    • (2002) Am. Anthropol , vol.104 , pp. 865-880
    • Johnson-Hanks, J.1
  • 106
    • 0033963512 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Evolutionary ecology of human life history
    • Mace R. 2000 Evolutionary ecology of human life history. Anim. Behav. 59, 1-10. (doi:10.1006/anbe.1999.1287)
    • (2000) Anim. Behav , vol.59 , pp. 1-10
    • Mace, R.1
  • 107
    • 79951816936 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Flexibility in reproductive timing in human females: Integrating ultimate and proximate explanations
    • Nettle D. 2011 Flexibility in reproductive timing in human females: integrating ultimate and proximate explanations. Phil. Trans. R. Soc. B 366, 357-365. (doi:10.1098/rstb.2010.0073)
    • (2011) Phil. Trans. R. Soc. B , vol.366 , pp. 357-365
    • Nettle, D.1
  • 108
    • 49449089731 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Pregnancy and lactation hinder growth and nutritional status of adolescent girls in rural Bangladesh
    • Rah JH, Christian P, Shamim AA, Arju UT, Labrique AB, Rashid M. 2008 Pregnancy and lactation hinder growth and nutritional status of adolescent girls in rural Bangladesh. J. Nutrtition 138, 1505-1511.
    • (2008) J. Nutrtition , vol.138 , pp. 1505-1511
    • Rah, J.H.1    Christian, P.2    Shamim, A.A.3    Arju, U.T.4    Labrique, A.B.5    Rashid, M.6
  • 109
    • 0029490678 scopus 로고
    • Women’s education and fertility: Results from 26 demograhic and health surveys
    • Castro Martın T. 1995 Women’s education and fertility: results from 26 demograhic and health surveys. Stud. Fam. Plann. 26, 187-202. (doi:10.2307/2137845)
    • (1995) Stud. Fam. Plann , vol.26 , pp. 187-202
    • Castro Martın, T.1
  • 110
    • 79961093480 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Childbearing impeded education more than education impeded childbearing among Norwegian women
    • Cohen JE, Kravdal Ø, Keilman N. 2011 Childbearing impeded education more than education impeded childbearing among Norwegian women. Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA 108, 11830-11835. (doi:10.1073/pnas.1107993108)
    • (2011) Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA , vol.108 , pp. 11830-11835
    • Cohen, J.E.1    Kravdal, Ø.2    Keilman, N.3
  • 111
    • 84961875466 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Wealth, fertility and adaptive behaviour in industrial populations
    • Stulp G, Barrett L. 2016 Wealth, fertility and adaptive behaviour in industrial populations. Phil. Trans. R. Soc. B 371, 20150153. (doi:10.1098/rstb.2015.0153)
    • (2016) Phil. Trans. R. Soc. B , vol.371
    • Stulp, G.1    Barrett, L.2
  • 112
    • 0000186032 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Fertility and mode of subsistence: A phylogenetic analysis
    • Sellen DW, Mace R. 1997 Fertility and mode of subsistence: a phylogenetic analysis. Curr. Anthropol. 38, 878-889. (doi:10.1086/204677)
    • (1997) Curr. Anthropol , vol.38 , pp. 878-889
    • Sellen, D.W.1    Mace, R.2
  • 113
    • 0027754455 scopus 로고
    • The fertility of agricultural and non-agricultural traditional societies
    • Bentley GR, Goldberg T, Jasienska GZY. 1993 The fertility of agricultural and non-agricultural traditional societies. Popul. Stud. 47, 269-281. (doi:10.1080/0032472031000147006)
    • (1993) Popul. Stud , vol.47 , pp. 269-281
    • Bentley, G.R.1    Goldberg, T.2    Jasienska, G.3
  • 114
    • 0347459441 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • An evolutionary and ecological analysis of human fertility, mating patterns, and parental investment
    • (eds R Bulatao, KW Wachter, Washington, DC: National Academies Press
    • Kaplan HS, Lancaster JB. 2003 An evolutionary and ecological analysis of human fertility, mating patterns, and parental investment. In Offspring: human fertility behaviour in biodemographic perspective (eds R Bulatao, KW Wachter), pp. 170-223. Washington, DC: National Academies Press.
    • (2003) Offspring: Human Fertility Behaviour in Biodemographic Perspective , pp. 170-223
    • Kaplan, H.S.1    Lancaster, J.B.2
  • 115
    • 84961911693 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Evidence for quantity-quality trade-offs, sex-specific parental investment, and variance compensation in colonized Agta foragers undergoing demographic transition
    • press
    • Ross C et al. In press. Evidence for quantity-quality trade-offs, sex-specific parental investment, and variance compensation in colonized Agta foragers undergoing demographic transition. Evol. Hum. Behav.
    • Evol. Hum. Behav
    • Ross, C.1
  • 116
    • 84874960397 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Maternity, paternity and parental care
    • (eds NJ Royle, PT Smiseth, M Ko¨lliker, Oxford, UK: Oxford University Press
    • Alonzo SH, Klug H. 2012 Maternity, paternity and parental care. In The evolution of parental care (eds NJ Royle, PT Smiseth, M Ko¨lliker), pp. 189-205. Oxford, UK: Oxford University Press.
    • (2012) The Evolution of Parental Care , pp. 189-205
    • Alonzo, S.H.1    Klug, H.2
  • 117
    • 45149094780 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Parental investment, sexual selection and sex ratios
    • Kokko H, Jennions MD. 2008 Parental investment, sexual selection and sex ratios. J. Evol. Biol. 21, 919-948. (doi:10.1111/j.1420-9101.2008.01540.x)
    • (2008) J. Evol. Biol , vol.21 , pp. 919-948
    • Kokko, H.1    Jennions, M.D.2
  • 118
    • 72649101939 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The evolutionary and ecological roots of human social organization
    • Kaplan HS, Hooper PL, Gurven M. 2009 The evolutionary and ecological roots of human social organization. Phil. Trans. R. Soc. B 364, 3289-3299. (doi:10.1098/rstb.2009.0115)
    • (2009) Phil. Trans. R. Soc. B , vol.364 , pp. 3289-3299
    • Kaplan, H.S.1    Hooper, P.L.2    Gurven, M.3
  • 119
    • 0000470049 scopus 로고
    • Bridewealth and its correlates: Quantifying changes over time
    • Borgerhoff Mulder M. 1995 Bridewealth and its correlates: quantifying changes over time. Curr. Anthropol. 36, 573-603. (doi:10.1086/204405)
    • (1995) Curr. Anthropol , vol.36 , pp. 573-603
    • Borgerhoff Mulder, M.1
  • 120
    • 84990745765 scopus 로고
    • Female choice in humans: A conditional mate selection strategy of the Krummhorn women (Germany, 1720-1874)
    • Voland E, Engel MC. 1990 Female choice in humans: a conditional mate selection strategy of the Krummhorn women (Germany, 1720-1874). Ethology 84, 144-154. (doi:10.1111/j.1439-0310.1990.tb00791.x)
    • (1990) Ethology , vol.84 , pp. 144-154
    • Voland, E.1    Engel, M.C.2
  • 121
    • 0000174174 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Marriage as a reproductive contract: Patterns of marriage, divorce, and remarriage
    • Buckle L, Gallup GG Jr, Rodd ZA. 1996 Marriage as a reproductive contract: patterns of marriage, divorce, and remarriage. Ethol. Sociobiol. 17, 363-377. (doi:10.1016/S0162-3095(96)00075-1)
    • (1996) Ethol. Sociobiol , vol.17 , pp. 363-377
    • Buckle, L.1    Gallup, G.G.2    Rodd, Z.A.3
  • 122
    • 84935646114 scopus 로고
    • Causes of conjual dissolution: A cross-cultural study
    • Betzig L. 1989 Causes of conjual dissolution: a cross-cultural study. Curr. Anthropol. 30, 654-676. (doi:10.1086/203798)
    • (1989) Curr. Anthropol , vol.30 , pp. 654-676
    • Betzig, L.1
  • 123
  • 124
    • 0037212419 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The effects of kin on female fertility in rural Gambia
    • Sear R, Mace R, McGregor I. 2003 The effects of kin on female fertility in rural Gambia. Evol. Hum. Behav. 24, 25-42. (doi:10.1016/S1090-5138(02)00105-8)
    • (2003) Evol. Hum. Behav , vol.24 , pp. 25-42
    • Sear, R.1    Mace, R.2    McGregor, I.3
  • 125
    • 70349396035 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Tradeoffs and sexual conflict over women’s fertility preferences in Mpimbwe
    • Borgerhoff Mulder M. 2009 Tradeoffs and sexual conflict over women’s fertility preferences in Mpimbwe. Am. J. Hum. Biol. 21, 478-487. (doi:10.1002/ajhb.20885)
    • (2009) Am. J. Hum. Biol , vol.21 , pp. 478-487
    • Borgerhoff Mulder, M.1
  • 126
    • 84961878228 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • What do men want? Re-examining whether men benefit from higher fertility than is optimal for women
    • Moya C, Snopkowski K, Sear R. 2016 What do men want? Re-examining whether men benefit from higher fertility than is optimal for women. Phil. Trans. R. Soc. B 371, 20150149. (doi:10.1098/rstb.2015.0149)
    • (2016) Phil. Trans. R. Soc. B , vol.371
    • Moya, C.1    Snopkowski, K.2    Sear, R.3
  • 127
    • 72449201693 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Evolution of monogamous marriage by maximization of inclusive fitness
    • Fortunato L, Archetti M. 2010 Evolution of monogamous marriage by maximization of inclusive fitness. J. Evol. Biol. 23, 149-156. (doi:10.1111/j.1420-9101.2009.01884.x)
    • (2010) J. Evol. Biol , vol.23 , pp. 149-156
    • Fortunato, L.1    Archetti, M.2
  • 128
    • 0028983967 scopus 로고
    • The male’s dilemma: Increased offspring production is more paternity to steal
    • Hawkes K, Rogers AR, Charnov E. 1995 The male’s dilemma: increased offspring production is more paternity to steal. Evol. Ecol. 9, 662-677. (doi:10.1007/BF01237661)
    • (1995) Evol. Ecol , vol.9 , pp. 662-677
    • Hawkes, K.1    Rogers, A.R.2    Charnov, E.3
  • 129
    • 0024483516 scopus 로고
    • Evolution and the demand for children
    • Turke PW. 1989 Evolution and the demand for children. Popul. Dev. Rev. 15, 61-90. (doi:10.2307/1973405)
    • (1989) Popul. Dev. Rev , vol.15 , pp. 61-90
    • Turke, P.W.1
  • 130
    • 0029507460 scopus 로고
    • When are children from large families disadvantaged? Evidence from cross-national analyses
    • Desai S. 1995 When are children from large families disadvantaged? Evidence from cross-national analyses. Popul. Stud. 49, 195-210. (doi:10.1080/0032472031000148466)
    • (1995) Popul. Stud , vol.49 , pp. 195-210
    • Desai, S.1
  • 131
    • 0002939816 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • More status or more children? Social status, fertility reduction, and longterm fitness
    • Boone JL, Kessler KL. 1999 More status or more children? Social status, fertility reduction, and longterm fitness. Evol. Hum. Behav. 20, 257-277. (doi:10.1016/S1090-5138(99)00011-2)
    • (1999) Evol. Hum. Behav , vol.20 , pp. 257-277
    • Boone, J.L.1    Kessler, K.L.2
  • 132
    • 14644413576 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Low fertility in humans as the evolutionary outcome of snowballing resource games
    • Hill SE, Reeve HK. 2005 Low fertility in humans as the evolutionary outcome of snowballing resource games. Behav. Ecol. 16, 398-402. (doi:10.1093/beheco/ari001)
    • (2005) Behav. Ecol , vol.16 , pp. 398-402
    • Hill, S.E.1    Reeve, H.K.2
  • 133
    • 84957588828 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Too materialistic to get married and have children?
    • Li NP, Lim AJY, Tsai MH, Jiaqing O. 2015 Too materialistic to get married and have children? PLoS ONE 10, e0126543. (doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0126543)
    • (2015) Plos ONE , vol.10
    • Li, N.P.1    Lim, A.2    Tsai, M.H.3    Jiaqing, O.4
  • 135
    • 84893151600 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Correlations in fertility across generations: Can low fertility persist
    • Kolk M, Cownden D, Enquist M. 2014 Correlations in fertility across generations: can low fertility persist? Proc. R. Soc. B 281, 20132561. (doi:10.1098/rspb.2013.2561)
    • (2014) Proc. R. Soc. B , vol.281
    • Kolk, M.1    Cownden, D.2    Enquist, M.3
  • 136
    • 0036125843 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Evolutionary approach to below replacement fertility
    • Kaplan H, Lancaster JB, Tucker WT, Anderson KG. 2002 Evolutionary approach to below replacement fertility. Am. J. Hum. Biol. 14, 233-256. (doi:10.1002/ajhb.10041)
    • (2002) Am. J. Hum. Biol , vol.14 , pp. 233-256
    • Kaplan, H.1    Lancaster, J.B.2    Tucker, W.T.3    Erson, K.G.4
  • 137
    • 84871327530 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Fertility, parental investment, and theearly adoption of modern contraception in rural Ethiopia
    • Alvergne A, Lawson DW, Clarke PMR, Gurmu E, Mace R. 2013 Fertility, parental investment, and theearly adoption of modern contraception in rural Ethiopia. Am. J. Hum. Biol. 25, 107-115. (doi:10.1002/ajhb.22348)
    • (2013) Am. J. Hum. Biol , vol.25 , pp. 107-115
    • Alvergne, A.1    Lawson, D.W.2    Clarke, P.3    Gurmu, E.4    Mace, R.5
  • 138
    • 44949130678 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Understanding the returns to delayed childbearing for working women
    • Buckles K. 2008 Understanding the returns to delayed childbearing for working women. Am. Econ. Rev. 98, 403-407. (doi:10.1257/aer.98.2.403)
    • (2008) Am. Econ. Rev , vol.98 , pp. 403-407
    • Buckles, K.1
  • 139
    • 33646379145 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Lonely hearts or sex in the city? Density-dependent effects in mating systems
    • Kokko H, Rankin DJ. 2006 Lonely hearts or sex in the city? Density-dependent effects in mating systems. Phil. Trans. R. Soc. B 28, 319-334. (doi:10.1098/rstb.2005.1784)
    • (2006) Phil. Trans. R. Soc. B , vol.28 , pp. 319-334
    • Kokko, H.1    Rankin, D.J.2


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.