Gender quotas and women's political leadership

American Political Science Review

Volumn 110, Issue 1, 2016, Pages 112-126

  O'Brien, Diana Z ^a   Rickne, Johanna ^b,c  

^a INDIANA UNIVERSITY   (United States)

^b RESEARCH INSTITUTE OF INDUSTRIAL ECONOMICS IFN   (Sweden)

^c UPPSALA UNIVERSITY   (Sweden)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

EID: 84961207412     PISSN: 00030554     EISSN: 15375943     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1017/S0003055415000611     Document Type: Conference Paper

References (88)

1. Alexander, Amy C. 2012. "Change in Women's Descriptive Representation and theBelief inWomen's Ability toGovern:AVirtuous Cycle." Politics & Gender 8 (4): 437-64.
2. Allen, Peter, David Cutts, and RosieCampbell. 2014. "Measuring the Quality of Politicians Elected by Gender Quotas-Are They Any Different?" Political Studies, published early online, September, doi:10.1111/1467-9248.12161.
3. Baltrunaite, Audinga, Piera Bello, Allesandra Casarico, and Paola Profeta. 2014, "Gender Quotas and the Quality of Politicians." Journal of Public Economics 118: 62-74.
4. Barnes, Tiffany D. 2014. "Women's Representation and Legislative CommitteeAppointments: The Case of the Argentine Provinces." Uruguayan Journal of Political Science 23 (2): 135-63.
5. Barnes, Tiffany D. 2016. Gendering Legislative Behavior: Institutional Constraints and Collaboration. New York: Cambridge University Press.
6. Barnes, Tiffany D., and Stephanie M. Burchard. 2013. "'Engendering' Politics The Impact of Descriptive Representation on Women's Political Engagement in Sub-Saharan Africa." Comparative Political Studies 47 (7): 767-90.
7. Bauer, Gretchen. 2012. "Let there be a Balance: Women in African Parliaments." Political Studies Review 10 (3): 370-84.
8. Bauer, Gretchen, and Hannah E. Britton eds. 2006. Women in African Parliaments. Boulder: Lynne Rienner.
9. Beaman, Lori, Raghabendra Chattopadhyay, Esther Duflo, Rohini Pande, and Petia Topalova. 2009. "PowerfulWomen: Does Exposure Reduce Bias?" Quarterly Journal of Economics 124 (4): 1497-540.
10. Beaman, Lori, Esther Duflo, Rohini Pande, and Petra Topalova. 2012. "Female Leadership Raises Aspirations and Educational Attainment for Girls: A Policy Experiment in India." Science Magazine 335 (6068): 582-6.
11. Besley,Timothy J.,Olle Folke,Torsten Persson, and Johanna Rickne. 2013. "Gender quotas and the crisis of the mediocre man: Theory and evidence from Sweden." IFN Working Paper No. 985.
12. Beckwith, Karen, and Kimberly Cowell-Meyers. 2007. "Sheer Numbers: Critical Representation Thresholds and Women's Political Representation." Perspectives on Politics 5 (3): 553-65.
13. Bhavani, Rikhil R. 2009. "Do Electoral Quotas Work after They Are Withdrawn? Evidence from a Natural Experiment in India." American Political Science Review 103 (1): 23-35.
14. Bille, Lars. 2001. Democratizing a Democratic Procedure: Myth or Reality? Candidate Selection inWestern European Parties, 1960- 1990. Party Politics 7 (3): 363-80.
15. Bird, Karen. 2003. "Who are the Women? Where are the Women? And What Difference Can They Make? Effects of Gender Parity in French Municipal Elections." French Politics 1 (1): 5-38.
16. Bittner, Amanda. 2011. Platform Or Personality?: The Role of Party Leaders in Elections. New York: Oxford University Press.
17. Bratton, Kathleen A. 2005. "Critical Mass Theory Revisited: The Behavior and Success of Token Women in State Legislatures." Politics & Gender 1 (1): 97-125.
18. Britton, Hannah E. 2005. Women in the South African Parliament: From Resistance to Governance. Champaign:University of Illinois Press.
19. Burnet, Jennie. 2011. "Women have Found Respect: GenderQuotas, Symbolic Representation and FemaleEmpowerment inRwanda." Politics & Gender 7 (3): 303-34.
20. Casas-Arce, Pablo, and Alberto Saiz. 2011. "Women and Power: Unwilling, Ineffective, or Held Back?" IZA Discussion Paper No. 5645.
21. Chattopadhyay, Raghabendra, and Esther Duflo. 2004. Women as Policy Makers: Evidence from a Randomized Policy Experiment in India. Econometrica 72 (5): 1409-43.
22. Cheng, Christine, and Margit Tavits. 2011. "Informal Influences in Selecting Female Political Candidates." Political Research Quarterly 64 (2): 460-71.
23. Childs, Sarah, and Mona Lena Krook. 2009. "Analysing Women's Substantive Representation: From Critical Mass to Critical Actors." Government and Opposition 44 (2): 125-45.
24. Childs, Sarah, and Krook, Mona L. 2012. "Labels and Mandates in the United Kingdom." In The Impact of Gender Quotas, eds. Susan Franceschet, Mona Lena Krook, and Jennifer F. Piscopo. New York: Oxford University Press, 89-102.
25. Clayton, Amanda. 2015. "Female Leadership, Electoral Gender Quotas andWomen's Political Engagement: Evidence from aRandomized Policy Experiment." Comparative Political Studies 48 (3): 333-69.
26. Cross, William P., and André Blais. 2012. Politics at the Centre: The Selection and Removal of PartyLeaders in theAnglo Parliamentary Democracies. New York: Oxford University Press.
27. Dahlerup, Drude, 1988. Vi har ventet lenge nok- H°andbog i Kvinderepresentation (We have waited long enough - Handbook in women's representation). Köpenhamn: Nordisk Ministerr° ad. Dahlerup, Drude, and Lenita Freidenvall. 2010. "Judging Gender Quotas: Predictions and Results." Policy & Politics 38 (3): 407-25.
28. Davidson-Schmich, Louise K. 2016. Gender Quotas and Democratic Participation: Recruiting Candidates for Elective Offices in Germany. Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Press.
29. Devlin, Claire, and Robert Elgie. 2008. "The Effect of Increased Women's Representation in Parliament: The Case of Rwanda." Parliamentary Affairs 61 (2): 237-54.
30. Diamond, Irene. 1977. Sex Roles in the State House. New Haven: Yale University Press.
31. Dowding, Keith, and Patrick Dumont. 2009. "Structural and Strategic Factors Affecting the Hiring and Firing ofMinisters." In The Selection ofMinisters in Europe:Hiring and Firing, eds. Keith Dowding and Patrick Dumont. London: Routledge, 1-20.
32. Escobar-Lemon, Maria, and Michelle Taylor-Robinson. 2005. "Women Ministers in Latin American Government: When, Where, and Why?" American Journal of Political Science 49 (4): 829-44.
33. Evans, Elizabeth. 2011. Gender and the Liberal Democrats: Representing Women? Manchester: Manchester University Press.
34. Fischer, J örn, Keith Dowding, and Patrick Dumont. 2012. "The duration and durability of cabinet ministers." International Political Science Review 33 (5): 505-19.
35. Franceschet, Susan, Mona Lena Krook, and Jennifer Piscopo, eds. 2012. The Impact of Gender Quotas. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
36. Franceschet, Susan, and Jennifer Piscopo. 2008. "GenderQuotas and Women's Substantive Representation: Lessons from Argentina." Politics & Gender 4 (3): 393-425.
37. Franceschet, Susan, and Jennifer M. Piscopo. 2012. "Gender and Political Backgrounds in Argentina." In The Impact of Gender Quotas, eds. Susan Franceschet, Mona Lena Krook, and Jennifer M. Piscopo. New York: Oxford University Press, 43-56.
38. Franceschet, Susan, and Jennifer M. Piscopo. 2014. "SustainingGendered Practices? Power, Parties, and Elite Political Networks in Argentina." Comparative Political Studies 47 (1): 85-110.
39. Galasso, Vincenzo, and Tommaso Nannicini. 2011. "Competing on Good Politicians." American Political Science Review 105 (1): 79-99.
40. Galligan, Yvonne, Sara Clavero, and Marina Calloni. 2007. Gender Politics andDemocracy inPost- Socialist Europe.FarmingtonHills: Barbara Budrich.
41. Geissel, Brigitte, and Evelin Hust. 2005. "Democratic Mobilisation Through Quotas: Experiences in India and Germany." Commonwealth and Comparative Politics 43 (2): 222-44.
42. Grey, Sandra. 2002. "Does Size Matter? Critical Mass and New Zealand's Women MPs." Parliamentary Affairs 55 (1): 19-29.
43. Hagevi, Magnus. 1994. "Först till kvarn f °ar f örst mala. Riksdagsledam öternas utskottskarri är och anciennitetsprincipen." (First come first serve. Seniority and committee careers of Swedish parliamentarians) Statsvetenskaplig Tidskrift 97 (2): 175-205.
44. Harmel, Robert, Uk Heo, Alexander Tan, and Kenneth Janda. 1995. "Performance, Leadership, Factions and Party Change: An Empirical Analysis." West European Politics 18 (1): 1-33.
45. Heath, Michelle, Leslie Schwindt-Bayer, and Michelle Taylor- Robinson. 2005. "Women on the Sidelines: Women's Representation on Committees in Latin American Legislatures." American Journal of Political Science 49 (2): 420-36.
46. Jalalzai, Farida. 2013. Shattered, Cracked, or Firmly Intact? Women and the Executive Glass Ceiling Worldwide. New York: Oxford University Press.
47. Jones, Mark P. 2009. "Gender Quotas, Electoral Laws, and the Election of Women Evidence from the Latin American Vanguard." Comparative Political Studies 42 (1): 56-81.
48. Kanthak, Kristin, and George A. Krause. 2012. The Diversity Paradox: Political Parties, Legislatures, and the Organizational Foundations of Representation in America. NewYork: Oxford University Press.
49. Karpowitz, Christopher F., Tali Mendelberg, and Lee Shaker. 2012. "Gender Inequality in Deliberative Participation." American Political Science Review 106 (3): 533-47.
50. Kathlene, Lyn. 1994. "Power and Influence in State Legislative Policymaking: The Interaction of Gender and Position in Committee Hearing Debates." American Political Science Review 88 (3): 560-76.
51. Kathlene, Lyn, Susan E. Clarke, and Barbara A. Fox. 1991. "Ways Women Politicians are Making a Difference." In Gender and Policymaking: Studies of Women in Office, ed. Debra L. Dodson. New Brunswick: Center for the American Woman and Politics, 31-8.
52. Kerevel, Yann P., and Lonna Rae Atkeson. 2013. "Explaining the Marginalization of Women in Legislative Institutions." The Journal of Politics 75 (4): 980-92.
53. Kittilson, Miki C. 2006. Challenging Parties, Changing Parliaments - Women and Elected Office in Contemporary Western Europe. Columbus: Ohio State University Press.
54. Kittilson, Miki C. 2011. "Women, Parties and Platforms in Post- Industrial Democracies." Party Politics 17 (1): 66-92.
55. Kittilson, Miki C., and Leslie A. Schwindt-Bayer. 2012. The Gendered Effects of Electoral Institutions: Political Engagement and Participation. New York: Oxford University Press.
56. Krook, Mona Lena. 2009. Quotas for Women in Politics: Gender and Candidate Selection Reform Worldwide. New York: Oxford University Press.
57. Krook, Mona Lena, and Diana Z.O'Brien. 2012. "All the President's Men?TheAppointment of Female CabinetMinistersWorldwide." The Journal of Politics 74 (3): 840-55.
58. International IDEA. 2015. "Global Database of Quotas for Women." Stockholm University, and the Inter-Parliamentary Union. www.quotaproject.org. Accessed on January 23, 2015.
59. Lawless, Jennifer L., and Richard L. Fox. 2005. It Takes a Candidate: Why Women Don't Run for Office. New York: Cambridge University Press.
60. Link, Bruce, and Jo Phelan. 2001. "Conceptualizing Stigma" Annual Review of Sociology 27: 363-85.
61. Lovenduski, Joni. 2005. Feminizing Politics. Cambridge, UK: Polity Press.
62. Matland, Richard E. 2006. "Electoral Quotas: Frequency and Effectiveness." In Women, Quotas and Politics, ed. Drude Dahlerup. London: Routledge, 275-92.
63. McAllister, Ian. 2007. "The Personalization of Politics." In The Oxford Handbook of Political Behavior, eds. Russell J. Dalton and Hans-Dieter Klingemann. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 571-88.
64. Murray, Rainbow, 2010. "Second among Unequals? A Study of Whether France's 'Quota Women' Are up to the Job." Politics & Gender 6 (1): 93-118.
65. Murray, Rainbow. 2012. "Parity and Legislative Competence in France." In The Impacts of GenderQuotas, eds. Susan Franceschet, Mona Lena Krook, and Jennifer M. Piscopo. New York: Oxford University Press, 27-42.
66. Murray, Rainbow. 2014. "Quotas for Men: Reframing Gender Quotas as a Means of Improving Representation for All." American Political Science Review 108 (3): 520-32.
67. Niven,David. 1998. "Party Elites andWomen Candidates:The Shape of Bias." Women & Politics 19 (2): 57-80.
68. Norris, Pippa, ed. 1997. Passages to Power: Legislative Recruitment in Advanced Democracies.Cambridge,UK: CambridgeUniversity Press.
69. O'Brien, Diana Z. 2012. "Quotas and Qualifications in Uganda." In The Impact of Gender Quotas, eds. Susan Franceschet, Mona Lena Krook, and Jennifer M. Piscopo. New York: Oxford University Press, 57-71.
70. O'Brien, Diana Z. 2015. "Rising to the Top: Gender, Political Performance, and Party Leadership in Advanced Industrial Democracies." American Journal of Political Science 59 (4): 1022-39.
71. Paxton, Pamela,Melanie M. Hughes, and Matthew A. Painter. 2010. "Growth in Women's Political Representation: A Longitudinal Exploration ofDemocracy,Electoral System andGenderQuotas." European Journal of Political Research 49 (1): 25-52.
72. Poguntke, Thomas, and Paul D Webb. 2005. The Presidentialization of Politics: A Comparative Study of Modern Democracies. New York: Oxford University Press.
73. Reynolds, Andrew. 1999. "Women in the Legislatures and Executives of theWorld: Knocking at the Highest Glass Ceiling." World Politics 51 (4): 547-72.
74. Rosenthal, Cindy Simon. 1998.WhenWomenLead: IntegrativeLeadership in State Legislatures. New York: Oxford University Press.
75. Russell, A., and Fieldhouse, E. (2005) Neither Left nor Right? The Liberal Democrats and the Electorate (Manchester: Manchester University Press).
76. Schwindt-Bayer, Leslie A. 2006. "Still Supermadres? Gender and the Policy Priorities of Latin American Legislators." American Journal of Political Science 50 (3): 570-85.
77. Schwindt-Bayer, Leslie A., 2009. "Making QuotasWork: The Effect of Gender Quota Laws on the Election of Women." Legislative Studies Quarterly 34 (1): 5-28.
78. Schwindt-Bayer, Leslie A., 2011. "Women who Win: Social Backgrounds, Paths to Power, and PoliticalAmbition inLatin American Legislatures." Politics & Gender 7 (1): 1-33.
79. Smooth, Wendy. 2011. "Standing for Women? Which Women? The Substantive Representation of Women's Interests and the Research Imperative of Intersectionality." Politics & Gender 7 (3): 436-41.
80. Stewart, Marianne C., and Harold D. Clarke. 1992. "The (Un)Importance of Party Leaders: Leader Images and Party Choice in the 1987 British Elections." Journal of Politics 54 (2): 447-70.
81. Thomas, Sue. 1994. How Women Legislate. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
82. Towns, Ann. 2003. "Understanding the Effects of Larger Ratios of Women in National Legislatures: Proportions and Gender Differentiation in Sweden and Norway." Women & Politics 25 (1): 1-29.
83. Tripp, Aili Mari, and Alice Kang. 2008. "The Global Impact of Quotas." Comparative Political Studies 41 (3): 338-61.
84. Tripp, Aili Mari,DiorKonaté, and Colleen Lowe-Morna. 2006. "Sub- Saharan Africa: On the Fast Track to Women's Political Representation. In Women, Quotas and Politics, ed. Drude Dahlerup. London: Routledge, 112-37.
85. Weeks, Ana Catalano, and LisaBaldez. 2015. "Quotas andQualifications: The Impact of Gender Quota Laws on the Qualifications of Legislators in the Italian Parliament." European Political Science Review, 7 (1): 119-44.
86. Xydias, Christina. 2014. "Women's Rights in Germany: Generations and Gender Quotas." Politics & Gender 10 (1): 4-32.
87. Yoon, Mi Yung. 2011. "More women in the Tanzanian legislature: Do numbers matter?" Journal of Contemporary African Studies 29 (1): 83-98.
88. Zetterberg, Pär, 2008. "The Downside of Gender Quotas? Institutional Constraints on Women in Mexican State Legislatures." Parliamentary Affairs 61 (3): 442-60.