Role of oral Minocycline in acute encephalitis syndrome in India - a randomized controlled trial

BMC Infectious Diseases

Volumn 16, Issue 1, 2016, Pages

  Kumar, Rashmi ^a   Basu, Anirban ^b   Sinha, Subrata ^b   Das, Manoj ^c   Tripathi, Piyush ^a   Jain, Amita ^a   Kumar, Chandrakanta ^a   Atam, Virendra ^a   Khan, Saima ^a   Singh, Amit Shanker ^a  

^a KING GEORGE'S MEDICAL UNIVERSITY   (India)

^b NATIONAL BRAIN RESEARCH CENTRE   (India)

^c The INCLEN Trust International   (India)

Author keywords

Acute encephalitis syndrome; Minocycline; Randomized controlled trial

Indexed keywords

MINOCYCLINE; PLACEBO;

ACUTE ENCEPHALITIS SYNDROME; ADOLESCENT; ARTICLE; CONTROLLED STUDY; DOUBLE BLIND PROCEDURE; DRUG EFFICACY; DRUG FATALITY; DRUG SAFETY; ENCEPHALITIS; FEMALE; HUMAN; INDIA; INFECTION CONTROL; JAPANESE ENCEPHALITIS; MAJOR CLINICAL STUDY; MALE; RANDOMIZED CONTROLLED TRIAL; SURVIVAL RATE; ACUTE DISEASE; CHILD; ENCEPHALITIS, JAPANESE; HOSPITAL; HOSPITAL MORTALITY; ORAL DRUG ADMINISTRATION; PRESCHOOL CHILD; SYNDROME;

ACUTE DISEASE; ADMINISTRATION, ORAL; ADOLESCENT; CHILD; CHILD, PRESCHOOL; ENCEPHALITIS; ENCEPHALITIS, JAPANESE; FEMALE; HOSPITAL MORTALITY; HOSPITALS; HUMANS; INDIA; MALE; MINOCYCLINE; SYNDROME;

EID: 84959369921     PISSN: None     EISSN: 14712334     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1186/s12879-016-1385-6     Document Type: Article

References (36)

1. Japanese encephalitis surveillance standards. Available from: http://www.path.org/files/WHO_surveillance:standards_JE.pdf. Accessed September 10, 2014.
2. Economic Profile of Uttar Pradesh Available from: http://www.economywatch.com/stateprofiles/uttarpradesh/profile.htm. Accessed September 10, 2014.
3. Roop Kumari, Pyare L Joshi A review of Japanese encephalitis in Uttar Pradesh, India. WHO South-East Asia Journal of Public Health 2012;1(4):374-395. Ministry of Health & Family Welfare, Government of India Operational Guidelines Japanese encephalitis vaccination in India September 2010.
4. Yrjanheikki J, Keinanen R, Pellikka M, Hokfelt T, Koistinaho J. Tetracyclines Inhibit microglial activation and are neuroprotective in global brain ischemia. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA. 1998;95:15769-74.
5. Arvin KL, Han BH, Du Y, Lin SZ, Paul SM, Holtzman DM. Minocycline markedly protects the neonatal brain against hypoxic-ischemic injury. Ann Neurol. 2002;52:54-61.
6. Yrjanheikki J, Tikka T, Keinanen R, Goldsteins G, Chan PH, Koistinaho J. A tetracycline derivative minocycline reduces inflammation and protects against focal cerebral ischemia with a wide therapeutic window. Proc Nat Acad Sci USA. 1999;96:13496-500.
7. Zhu S, Stavrovskaya IG, Drozda M, et al. Minocycline inhibits cytochrome C release and delays progression of amyotrphic lateral sclerosis in mice. Nature. 2002;417:74-8.
8. Wells J, Hurlbert J, Fehlings M, Yong VW. Neuroprotection by Minocycline facilitates significant recovery from spinal cord injury. Brain. 2003;126:1628-37.
9. Lee SM, Yune TY, Kim SJ, et al. Minocycline reduces cell death and improves functional recovery after traumatic spinal cord injury in the rat. J Neurotrauma. 2003;20:1017-27.
10. Stirling DP, Khodarahmi K, Liu J, et al. Minocycline treatment reduces delayed oligodendrocyte death, attenuates axonal dieback, and improves functional outcome after spinal cord injury. J Neurosci. 2004;24:2182-90.
11. Metz LM, Zhang Y, Yeung M, et al. Minocycline reduces gadolinium enhancing magnetic resonance imaging lesions in multiple sclerosis. Ann Neurol. 2004;55:756.
12. Du Y, Ma Z, Lin S, et al. Minocycline prevents nigrostraital dopaminergic neurodegeneration in the MPTP model of Parkinson's disease. Proc Nat Acad Sci USA. 2001;98:14669-74.
13. Chen M, Ona VO, Li M, et al. Minocycline inhibits caspase -1 and caspase-3 expression and delays mortality in a transgenic mouse model of Huntington's disease. Nat Med. 2000;6:797-801.
14. Krady JK, Basu A, Allen CM, et al. Minocycline reduces proinflammatory cytokine expression, microglial activation, and caspase -3 activation in a rodent model of diabetic retinopathy. Diabetes. 2005;54:1559-65.
15. Popovic N, Schubart A, Goetz BD, Zhang SC, Linington C, Duncan ID. Inhibition of autoimmune encephalomyelitis by a tetracycline. Ann Neurol. 2002;51:215-23.
16. Richardson-Burns SM, Tyler KL. Minocycline delays disease onset and mortality in reovirus encephalitis. Exp Neurol. 2005;192:331-9.
17. Zink MC, Uhrlaub J, DeWitt J, et al. Neuroprotective and anti-human immunodeficiency virus activity of Minocycline. JAMA. 2005;293:2003-11.
18. Michealis M, Kleinschmidt MC, Doerr HW, Cinalt Jr J. Minocycline inhibits West Nile virus replication and apoptosis in human neuronal cells. J Antimicrob Chemother. 2007;40:981-6.
19. Mishra MK, Basu A. Minocycline neuroprotects, reduces microglial activation, inhibits caspase 3 induction and viral replication following Japanese encephalitis. J Neurochem. 2006;105:1582-95.
20. Ghosh D, Basu A. Japanese encephalitis - a pathological and clinical perspective. PLOS Neglected Tropical diseases. 2009;3:e437.
21. Dutta K, Basu A. use of minocycline in viral infection. Indian J Med Res. 2011;133:467-70.
22. Gadkari DA, Shaikh BH. IgM antibody capture ELISA in the diagnosis of Japanese encephalitis, West Nile & dengue virus infections. Indian J Med Res. 1984;80:613-9.
23. Jennett B, Bond M. Assessment of outcome after severe brain damage. Lancet. 1975;1:480-4.
24. Hulley SB, Cummings SR. Designing Clinical Research: An Epidemiologic Approach. Baltimore: Williams & Wilkins; 1992. p. 218.
25. Amit Shanker Singh, Piyush Tripathi, Saima Firdaus Khan, Amita Jain, Virendra Atam, Rashmi Kumar Non neurological manifestations in acute encephalitis syndrome in Uttar Pradesh, India. J Neuroinfetious Dis 2014; 5: http://www.omicsonline.com/open-access/non-neurological-manifestations-in-acute-encephalitissyndrome-in-uttar-pradesh-india-2314-7326.1000143.pdf.
26. Kumar R, Tripathi P, Singh S, Banerjee G. Clinical features of children hospitalized during the 2005 epidemic of Japanese encephalitis in Uttar Pradesh. India Clinical Infectious Diseases. 2006;43:123-31.
27. Kumar R, Tripathi S, Tambe JJ, Arora V, Srivastava A, Nag VL. Dengue encephalopathy in children in northern India: Clinical features and comparison with nondengue. J Neurol Sciences. 2008;269:41-8.
28. Rathi N, Rathi A. Rickettsial Infections: Indian Perspective. Indian Pediatrics. 2010;47:157-64.
29. Khan SA, Dutta P, Borah J, et al. Leptospirosis presenting as acute encephalitis syndrome (AES) in Assam, India. Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Disease. 2012;151-153.
30. Glaser CA, Honarmand S, Anderson LJ, et al. Beyond Viruses: Clinical Profiles and Etiologies Associated with Encephalitis. Clinical Infect Dis. 2006;43:1565-77.
31. th September 2014.
32. Macdonald H, Kelly RG, Allen S, Noble JF, Kanegis LA. Pharmacokinetic studies on minocycline in man. Clin Pharmacol Ther. 1973;14:852-61.
33. Kang-Birken SL, Castel U, Prichard JG. Oral doxycycline for treatment of neurosyphilis in two patients infected with human immunodeficiency virus. Pharmacotherapy. 2010;30(4):119e-22e.
34. Dotewall L, Hagberg L. Successful oral doxycycline treatment of lyme disease associated facial palsy and meningitis. Clin Infect Dis. 1999;28:569-71.
35. Cunha BA. Minocycline versus Doxycycline in the Treatment of Lyme Neuroborreliosis. Clin Infect Dis. 2000;30:237-8.
36. Saivin S, Houin G. Clinical pharmacokinetics of doxycycline and minocycline. Clin Pharmacokinet. 1988;15:355-66.