Stabilization and dispersion of carbon nanomaterials in aqueous solutions: A review

Separation and Purification Technology

Volumn 156, Issue , 2015, Pages 861-874

  Al Hamadani, Yasir A J ^a   Chu, Kyoung Hoon ^a   Son, Ahjeong ^b   Heo, Jiyong ^c   Her, Namguk ^c   Jang, Min ^d   Park, Chang Min ^a   Yoon, Yeomin ^a  

^a University of South Carolina   (United States)

^b Ewha Womans University   (South Korea)

^c Korea Army Academy at Young Cheon   (South Korea)

^d UNIVERSITY OF MALAYA   (Malaysia)

Author keywords

Adsorption; Carbon nanomaterials; Carbon nanotubes; Dispersion; Fullerenes; Graphene oxides

Indexed keywords

ADSORPTION; CARBON NANOTUBES; DISPERSION (WAVES); FULLERENES; GRAPHENE; IONIC STRENGTH; MICROELECTRONICS; NANOSTRUCTURED MATERIALS; NANOTUBES; SOLUTIONS; STABILIZATION; WASTEWATER TREATMENT; WATER QUALITY; WATER TREATMENT; YARN;

CARBON NANO-MATERIALS; DISPERSING AGENT; GRAPHENE OXIDES; MECHANICAL RESONATORS; MICROELECTRIC DEVICES; RESEARCH CHALLENGES; ULTRA-SONICATION; WATER AND WASTEWATER TREATMENTS;

DISPERSIONS;

EID: 84959077263     PISSN: 13835866     EISSN: 18733794     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.seppur.2015.11.002     Document Type: Review

References (215)

1. K. Tiede, A.B.A. Boxall, S.P. Tear, J. Lewis, H. David, and M. Hassellov Detection and characterization of engineered nanoparticles in food and the environment Food Addit. Contam. 25 2008 795 821
2. S. Perez, M. la Farre, and D. Barcelo Analysis, behavior and ecotoxicity of carbon-based nanomaterials in the aquatic environment Trac-Trend. Anal. Chem 28 2009 820 832
3. R.H. Baughman, A.A. Zakhidov, and W.A. de Heer Carbon nanotubes - the route toward applications Science 297 2002 787 792
4. M. Valcarcel, B.M. Simonet, S. Cardenas, and B. Suarez Present and future applications of carbon nanotubes to analytical science Anal. Bioanal. Chem. 382 2005 1783 1790
5. M.C. Roco Environmentally responsible development of nanotechnology Environ. Sci. Technol. 39 2005 106A 112A
6. P. Ball Roll up for the revolution Nature 414 2001 142 144
7. M.R. Wiesner, G.V. Lowry, P. Alvarez, D. Dionysiou, and P. Biswas Assessing the risks of manufactured nanomaterials Environ. Sci. Technol. 40 2006 4336 4345
8. T. Masciangioli, and W.X. Zhang Environmental technologies at the nanoscale Environ. Sci. Technol. 37 2003 102A 108A
9. A.K. Geim, and K.S. Novoselov The rise of graphene Nat. Mater. 6 2007 183 191
10. C.N.R. Rao, A.K. Sood, K.S. Subrahmanyam, and A. Govindaraj Graphene: the new two-dimensional nanomaterial Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 48 2009 7752 7777
11. N.B. Saleh, L.D. Pfefferle, and M. Elimelech Influence of biomacromolecules and humic acid on the aggregation kinetics of single-walled carbon nanotubes Environ. Sci. Technol. 44 2010 2412 2418
12. L.A. Girifalco, M. Hodak, and R.S. Lee Carbon nanotubes, buckyballs, ropes, and a universal graphitic potential Phys Rev. B 62 2000 13104
13. P.-C. Ma, N.A. Siddiqui, G. Marom, and J.-K. Kim Dispersion and functionalization of carbon nanotubes for polymer-based nanocomposites: a review Compos. A - Appl. Sci. Manuf. 41 2010 1345 1367
14. J. Pang, G. Xu, S. Yuan, Y. Tan, and F. He Dispersing carbon nanotubes in aqueous solutions by a silicon surfactant: experimental and molecular dynamics simulation study Colloid Surf. A 350 2009 101 108
15. F. Lu, X. Wang, M.J. Meziani, L. Cao, L. Tian, M.A. Bloodgood, J. Robinson, and Y.P. Sun Effective purification of single-walled carbon nanotubes with reversible noncovalent functionalization Langmuir 26 2010 7561 7564
16. R.J. Chen, S. Bangsaruntip, K.A. Drouvalakis, N. Wong Shi Kam, M. Shim, Y. Li, W. Kim, P.J. Utz, and H. Dai Noncovalent functionalization of carbon nanotubes for highly specific electronic biosensors Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. 100 2003 4984 4989
17. V. Datsyuk, P. Landois, J. Fitremann, A. Peigney, A.M. Galibert, B. Soula, and E. Flahaut Double-walled carbon nanotube dispersion via surfactant substitution J. Mater. Chem. 19 2009 2729 2736
18. W.L. Dou, X. Xin, and G.-Y. Xu Dispersion of carbon nanotubes by amphiphilic molecules ACTA Phys. - Chim. Sin. 25 2009 382 388
19. W.H. Duan, Q. Wang, and F. Collins Dispersion of carbon nanotubes with SDS surfactants: a study from a binding energy perspective Chem. Sci. 2 2011 1407 1413
20. J.H. Lee, U. Paik, J.Y. Choi, K.K. Kim, S.M. Yoon, J. Lee, B.K. Kim, J.M. Kim, M.H. Park, C.W. Yang, K.H. An, and Y.H. Lee Dispersion stability of single-walled carbon nanotubes using Nafion in bisolvent J. Phys. Chem. C 111 2007 2477 2483
21. N.N. Rozhkova Aggregation and stabilization of shungite carbon nanoparticles Russ. J. Gen. Chem. 83 2013 2676 2685
22. C.A. Dyke, and J.M. Tour Covalent functionalization of single-walled carbon nanotubes for materials applications J. Phys. Chem. A 108 2004 11151 11159
23. K. Balasubramanian, and M. Burghard Chemically functionalized carbon nanotubes Small 1 2005 180 192
24. A. Kukovecz, C. Kramberger, M. Holzinger, H. Kuzmany, J. Schalko, M. Mannsberger, and A. Hirsch On the stacking behavior of functionalized single-wall carbon nanotubes J. Phys. Chem. B 106 2002 6374 6380
25. O.V. Prezhdo, P.V. Kamat, and G.C. Schatz Virtual issue: graphene and functionalized graphene J. Phys. Chem. C 115 2011 3195 3197
26. S. Banerjee, T. Hemraj-Benny, and S.S. Wong Covalent surface chemistry of single-walled carbon nanotubes Adv. Mater. 17 2005 17 29
27. M.L. Sham, and J.K. Kim Surface functionalities of multi-wall carbon nanotubes after UV/ozone and TETA treatments Carbon 44 2006 768 777
28. 4 treatments J. Appl. Phys. 98 2005 074308
29. Y. Dror, W. Pyckhout-Hintzen, and Y. Cohen Conformation of polymers dispersing single-walled carbon nanotubes in water: a small-angle neutron scattering study Macromolecules 38 2005 7828 7836
30. K.C. Etika, M.A. Cox, and J.C. Grunlan Tailored dispersion of carbon nanotubes in water with pH-responsive polymers Polymer 51 2010 1761 1770
31. A. Jofre, J.B. Hutchison, R. Kishore, L.E. Locascio, and K. Helmerson Amphiphilic block copolymer nanotubes and vesicles stabilized by photopolymerization J. Phys. Chem. B 111 2007 5162 5166
32. G. Mountrichas, N. Tagmatarchis, and S. Pispas Synthesis and solution behavior of carbon nanotubes decorated with amphiphilic block polyelectrolytes J. Phys. Chem. B 111 2007 8369 8372
33. M. Suttipong, N.R. Tummala, A. Striolo, C.S. Batista, and J. Fagan Salt-specific effects in aqueous dispersions of carbon nanotubes Soft Matter 9 2013 3712 3719
34. N.R. Tummala, B.H. Morrow, D.E. Resasco, and A. Striolo Stabilization of aqueous carbon nanotube dispersions using surfactants: insights from molecular dynamics simulations ACS Nano 4 2010 7193 7204
35. Q. Xiao, P.H. Wang, L.L. Ji, X.K. Tan, and L.L. Ouyang Dispersion of carbon nanotubes in aqueous solution with cationic surfactant CTAB J. Inorg. Mater. 22 2007 1122 1126
36. C. Zhang, W.W. Tjiu, W. Fan, Z. Yang, S. Huang, and T. Liu Aqueous stabilization of graphene sheets using exfoliated montmorillonite nanoplatelets for multifunctional free-standing hybrid films via vacuum-assisted self-assembly J. Mater. Chem. 21 2011 18011 18017
37. 60 - buckminsterfullerene Nature 318 1985 162 163
38. E.T. Thostenson, Z.F. Ren, and T.W. Chou Advances in the science and technology of carbon nanotubes and their composites: a review Compos. Sci. Technol. 61 2001 1899 1912
39. S. Iijima Helical microtubules of graphitic carbon Nature 354 1991 56 58
40. D.S. Bethune, C.H. Kiang, M.S. Devries, G. Gorman, R. Savoy, J. Vazquez, and R. Beyers Cobalt-catalyzed growth of carbon nanotubes with single-atomic-layer walls Nature 363 1993 605 607
41. J.N. Coleman, U. Khan, W.J. Blau, and Y.K. Gun'ko Small but strong: a review of the mechanical properties of carbon nanotube-polymer composites Carbon 44 2006 1624 1652
42. S. Iijima, and T. Ichihashi Single-shell carbon nanotubes of 1 nm diameter Nature 363 1993 603 605
43. J. Prasek, J. Drbohlavova, J. Chomoucka, J. Hubalek, O. Jasek, V. Adam, and R. Kizek Methods for carbon nanotubes synthesis - review J. Mater. Chem. 21 2011 15872 15884
44. K. Shimotani, K. Anazawa, H. Watanabe, and M. Shimizu New synthesis of multi-walled carbon nanotubes using an arc discharge technique under organic molecular atmospheres Appl. Phys. A - Mater. 73 2001 451 454
45. S.H. Jung, M.R. Kim, S.H. Jeong, S.U. Kim, O.J. Lee, K.H. Lee, J.H. Suh, and C.K. Park High-yield synthesis of multi-walled carbon nanotubes by arc discharge in liquid nitrogen Appl. Phys. A - Mater. 76 2003 285 286
46. D. Batani, T. Vinci, and D. Bleiner Laser-ablation and induced nanoparticle synthesis Laser Part. Beams 32 2014 1 7
47. N.M. Mubarak, E.C. Abdullah, N.S. Jayakumar, and J.N. Sahu An overview on methods for the production of carbon nanotubes J. Ind. Eng. Chem. 20 2014 1186 1197
48. K. Saeed, and Ibrahim Carbon nanotubes-properties and applications: a review Carbon Lett. 14 2013 131 144
49. Y. Jin, J. Chen, Q. Fu, B. Li, H. Zhang, and Y. Gong Low-temperature synthesis and characterization of helical carbon fibers by one-step chemical vapour deposition Appl. Surf. Sci. 324 2015 438 442
50. 2 nanocomposite by fluidized bed chemical vapor deposition and the synergistic effect in photocatalysis Particuology 14 2014 24 32
51. Y. Wang, X. Gao, H.J. Qian, Y. Ohta, X. Wu, G. Eres, K. Morokuma, and S. Irle Quantum chemical simulations reveal acetylene-based growth mechanisms in the chemical vapor deposition synthesis of carbon nanotubes Carbon 72 2014 22 37
52. Z.B. He, J.L. Maurice, C.S. Lee, C.S. Cojocaru, and D. Pribat Nickel catalyst faceting in plasma-enhanced direct current chemical vapor deposition of carbon nano fibers Arab. J. Sci. Eng. 35 2010 19 28
53. C.J. Unrau, R.L. Axelbaum, and C.S. Lo High-yield growth of carbon nanotubes on composite Fe/Si/O nanoparticle catalysts: a Car-Parrinello molecular dynamics and experimental study J. Phys. Chem. C 114 2010 10430 10435
54. J.H. Koo Polymer Nanocomposites: Processing, Characterization, and Applications 2006 McGraw-Hill New York
55. J.N. Coleman, U. Khan, and Y.K. Gun'ko Mechanical reinforcement of polymers using carbon nanotubes Adv. Mater. 18 2006 689 706
56. P.M. Ajayan, L.S. Schadler, and P.V. Braun Nanocomposite Science and Technology 2003 Wiley-VCH Weinheim
57. W.R. Collins, W. Lewandowski, E. Schmois, J. Walish, and T.M. Swager Claisen rearrangement of graphite oxide: a route to covalently functionalized graphenes Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 50 2011 8848 8852
58. D. Li, M.B. Mueller, S. Gilje, R.B. Kaner, and G.G. Wallace Processable aqueous dispersions of graphene nanosheets Nat. Nanotechnol. 3 2008 101 105
59. 60) suspensions J. Zhejiang Univ. Sci. 15 2014 634 642
60. H. Hyung, and J.H. Kim Natural organic matter (NOM) adsorption to multi-walled carbon nanotubes: effect of NOM characteristics and water quality parameters Environ. Sci. Technol. 42 2008 4416 4421
61. A.L. Alpatova, W. Shan, P. Babica, B.L. Upham, A.R. Rogensues, S.J. Masten, E. Drown, A.K. Mohanty, E.C. Alocilja, and V.V. Tarabara Single-walled carbon nanotubes dispersed in aqueous media via non-covalent functionalization: effect of dispersant on the stability, cytotoxicity, and epigenetic toxicity of nanotube suspensions Water Res. 44 2010 505 520
62. Y. Bai, F. Wu, D. Lin, and B. Xing Aqueous stabilization of carbon nanotubes: effects of surface oxidization and solution chemistry Environ. Sci. Pollut. Res. 21 2014 4358 4365
63. B. Smith, K. Wepasnick, K.E. Schrote, A.H. Bertele, W.P. Ball, C. O'Melia, and D.H. Fairbrother Colloidal properties of aqueous suspensions of acid-treated, multi-walled carbon nanotubes Environ. Sci. Technol. 43 2009 819 825
64. W. Chen, L. Duan, and D. Zhu Adsorption of polar and nonpolar organic chemicals to carbon nanotubes Environ. Sci. Technol. 41 2007 8295 8300
65. D. Lin, and B. Xing Adsorption of phenolic compounds by carbon nanotubes: role of aromaticity and substitution of hydroxyl groups Environ. Sci. Technol. 42 2008 7254 7259
66. Y. Bai, D. Lin, F. Wu, Z. Wang, and B. Xing Adsorption of Triton X-series surfactants and its role in stabilizing multi-walled carbon nanotube suspensions Chemosphere 79 2010 362 367
67. 60) nanoparticles to nanoparticle charge and electrokinetic properties Environ. Sci. Technol. 43 2009 7270 7276
68. M. Fang, L. Long, W. Zhao, L. Wang, and G. Chen pH-responsive chitosan-mediated graphene dispersions Langmuir 26 2010 16771 16774
69. D. Lin, N. Liu, K. Yang, L. Zhu, Y. Xu, and B. Xing The effect of ionic strength and pH on the stability of tannic acid-facilitated carbon nanotube suspensions Carbon 47 2009 2875 2882
70. 60 derivatives Environ. Sci. Technol. 43 2009 6597 6603
71. J. Brant, H. Lecoanet, and M.R. Wiesner Aggregation and deposition characteristics of fullerene nanoparticles in aqueous systems J. Nanopart. Res. 7 2005 545 553
72. 60 nanoparticles suspensions in wastewater J. Hazard. Mater. 244 2013 582 587
73. 60) nanoparticles Langmuir 22 2006 10994 11001
74. 2-reduced graphene oxide composites Nano Research 4 2011 795 806
75. M. Acik, D.R. Dreyer, C.W. Bielawski, and Y.J. Chabal Impact of ionic liquids on the exfoliation of graphite oxide J. Phys. Chem. C 116 2012 7867 7873
76. A.S. Adeleye, and A.A. Keller Long-term colloidal stability and metal leaching of single wall carbon nanotubes: effect of temperature and extracellular polymeric substances Water Res. 49 2014 236 250
77. D. Zhou, S.W. Bennett, and A.A. Keller Increased mobility of metal oxide nanoparticles due to photo and thermal induced disagglomeration PLoS ONE 7 2012 e37363
78. Y. Wu, Z. Guo, and Y. Feng Dispersion of single-walled carbon nanotubes in aqueous solution with a thermo-responsive pentablock terpolymer Colloid Polym. Sci. 292 2014 281 289
79. J. Zhang, and A. Wang pH- and thermo-responsive dispersion of single-walled carbon nanotubes modified with poly(N-isopropylacrylamide-co-acrylic acid) J. Colloid Interface Sci. 334 2009 212 216
80. H. Hyung, J.D. Fortner, J.B. Hughes, and J.-H. Kim Natural organic matter stabilizes carbon nanotubes in the aqueous phase Environ. Sci. Technol. 41 2007 179 184
81. H.-C. Flemming, T.R. Neu, and D.J. Wozniak The EPS matrix: the "House of Biofilm cells" J. Bacteriol. 189 2007 7945 7947
82. A. Pal, and A.K. Paul Microbial extracellular polymeric substances: central elements in heavy metal bioremediation Indian J. Microbiol. 48 2008 49 64
83. D. Lin, and B. Xing Tannic acid adsorption and its role for stabilizing carbon nanotube suspensions Environ. Sci. Technol. 42 2008 5917 5923
84. 60) nanoparticles in monovalent and divalent electrolyte solutions J. Colloid Interface Sci. 309 2007 126 134
85. M. Terashima, and S. Nagao Solubilization of 60 fullerene in water by aquatic humic substances Chem. Lett. 36 2007 302 303
86. X. Wang, S. Tao, and B. Xing Sorption and competition of aromatic compounds and humic acid on multiwalled carbon nanotubes Environ. Sci. Technol. 43 2009 6214 6219
87. R. Bandyopadhyaya, E. Nativ-Roth, O. Regev, and R. Yerushalmi-Rozen Stabilization of individual carbon nanotubes in aqueous solutions Nano Lett. 2 2002 25 28
88. P.G. De-Gennes Simple views on adhesion and fracture Can. J. Phys. 68 1990 1049 1054
89. E. Edri, and O. Regev "Shaken, Not Stable": dispersion mechanism and dynamics of protein-dispersed nanotubes studied via spectroscopy Langmuir 25 2009 10459 10465
90. 60) Appl. Clay Sci. 55 2012 36 43
91. A.J. Blanch, C.E. Lenehan, and J.S. Quinton Optimizing surfactant concentrations for dispersion of single-walled carbon nanotubes in aqueous Solution J. Phys. Chem. B 114 2010 9805 9811
92. L. Vaisman, H.D. Wagner, and G. Marom The role of surfactants in dispersion of carbon nanotubes Adv. Colloid Interface Sci. 128 2006 37 46
93. Z. Xu, X. Yang, and Z. Yang A Molecular simulation probing of structure and interaction for supramolecular sodium dodecyl sulfate/single-wall carbon nanotube Assemblies Nano Lett. 10 2010 985 991
94. S. Stankovich, R.D. Piner, X.Q. Chen, N.Q. Wu, S.T. Nguyen, and R.S. Ruoff Stable aqueous dispersions of graphitic nanoplatelets via the reduction of exfoliated graphite oxide in the presence of poly(sodium 4-styrenesulfonate) J. Mater. Chem. 16 2006 155 158
95. O.C. Compton, and S.T. Nguyen Graphene oxide, highly reduced graphene oxide, and graphene: versatile building blocks for carbon-based materials Small 6 2010 711 723
96. Y. Gao, M. Shi, R. Zhou, C. Xue, M. Wang, and H. Chen Solvent-dependent fluorescence property of multi-walled carbon nanotubes noncovalently functionalized by pyrene-derivatized polymer Nanotechnology 20 2009 135705
97. T. Hasan, V. Scardaci, P. Tan, A.G. Rozhin, W.I. Milne, and A.C. Ferrari Stabilization and "Debundling" of single-wall carbon nanotube dispersions in N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone (NMP) by polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) J. Phys. Chem. C 111 2007 12594 12602
98. A. Hirano, Y. Maeda, T. Akasaka, and K. Shiraki Synergistically enhanced dispersion of native protein-carbon nanotube conjugates by fluoroalcohols in aqueous solution Chem. Eur. J. 15 2009 9905 9910
99. 60 in a variety of solvents J. Phys. Chem. 97 1993 3379 3383
100. 60 fullerenes in water J. Chem. Phys. 123 2005 204504
101. R.G. Alargova, S. Deguchi, and K. Tsujii Stable colloidal dispersions of fullerenes in polar organic solvents J. Am. Chem. Soc. 123 2001 10460 10467
102. 60 fullerene concentrations in water Environ. Toxicol. Chem. 27 2008 1852 1859
103. 60 fullerenes in water: evidence for genotoxicity Environ. Sci. Technol. 40 2006 7394 7401
104. S. Stankovich, R.D. Piner, S.T. Nguyen, and R.S. Ruoff Synthesis and exfoliation of isocyanate-treated graphene oxide nanoplatelets Carbon 44 2006 3342 3347
105. C. Xu, X. Wu, J. Zhu, and X. Wang Synthesis of amphiphilic graphite oxide Carbon 46 2008 386 389
106. M.F. Islam, E. Rojas, D.M. Bergey, A.T. Johnson, and A.G. Yodh High weight fraction surfactant solubilization of single-wall carbon nanotubes in water Nano Lett. 3 2003 269 273
107. O. Matarredona, H. Rhoads, Z.R. Li, J.H. Harwell, L. Balzano, and D.E. Resasco Dispersion of single-walled carbon nanotubes in aqueous solutions of the anionic surfactant NaDDBS J. Phys. Chem. B 107 2003 13357 13367
108. S.H. Min, C. Lee, and J. Jang Dissipative particle dynamics modeling of a graphene nanosheet and its self-assembly with surfactant molecules Soft Matter 8 2012 8735 8742
109. J. Yu, N. Grossiord, C.E. Koning, and J. Loos Controlling the dispersion of multi-wall carbon nanotubes in aqueous surfactant solution Carbon 45 2007 618 623
110. M. Antonietti, Y. Shen, T. Nakanishi, M. Manuelian, R. Campbell, L. Gwee, Y.A. Elabd, N. Tambe, R. Crombez, and J. Texter Single-wall carbon nanotube latexes ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces 2 2010 649 653
111. E.M. Di Meo, A. Di Crescenzo, D. Velluto, C.P. O'Neil, D. Demurtas, J.A. Hubbell, and A. Fontana Assessing the role of poly(ethylene glycol-bl-propylene sulfide) (PEG-PPS) block copolymers in the preparation of carbon nanotube biocompatible dispersions Macromolecules 43 2010 3429 3437
112. C. Doe, S.M. Choi, S.R. Kline, H.S. Jang, and T.H. Kim Charged rod-like nanoparticles assisting single-walled carbon nanotube dispersion in water Adv. Funct. Mater. 18 2008 2685 2691
113. 70, in water. Preparation and characterization Langmuir 17 2001 6013 6017
114. 60 clathrate single-crystals Appl. Phys. A - Mater. 56 1993 231 233
115. R. Hao, W. Qian, L. Zhang, and Y. Hou Aqueous dispersions of TCNQ-anion-stabilized graphene sheets Chem. Commun. 2008 6576 6578
116. X. Li, X. Wang, L. Zhang, S. Lee, and H. Dai Chemically derived, ultrasmooth graphene nanoribbon semiconductors Science 319 2008 1229 1232
117. Y. Huang, and E. Terentjev Dispersion and rheology of carbon nanotubes in polymers Int. J. Mater. Form. 1 2008 63 74
118. B. Benedict, P.E. Pehrsson, and W. Zhao Optically sensing additional sonication effects on dispersed HiPco nanotubes in aerated water J. Phys. Chem. B 109 2005 7778 7780
119. J. Hilding, E.A. Grulke, Z.G. Zhang, and F. Lockwood Dispersion of carbon nanotubes in liquids J. Disper. Sci. Technol. 24 2003 1 41
120. Q. Zaib, I.A. Khan, Y. Yoon, J.R.V. Flora, Y.-G. Park, and N.B. Saleh Ultrasonication study for suspending single-walled carbon nanotubes in water J. Nanosci. Nanotechnol. 12 2012 3909 3917
121. D.P. Jaisi, N.B. Saleh, R.E. Blake, and M. Elimelech Transport of single-walled carbon nanotubes in porous media: filtration mechanisms and reversibility Environ. Sci. Technol. 42 2008 8317 8323
122. S.W. Nam, C. Jung, H. Li, M. Yu, J.R.V. Flora, L.K. Boateng, N. Her, K.D. Zoh, and Y. Yoon Adsorption characteristics of diclofenac and sulfamethoxazole to graphene oxide in aqueous solution Chemosphere 136 2015 20 26
123. L. Joseph, Q. Zaib, I.A. Khan, N.D. Berge, Y.G. Park, N.B. Saleh, and Y. Yoon Removal of bisphenol A and 17 alpha-ethinyl estradiol from landfill leachate using single-walled carbon nanotubes Water Res. 45 2011 4056 4068
124. M. Machida, T. Mochimaru, and H. Tatsumoto Lead(II) adsorption onto the graphene layer of carbonaceous materials in aqueous solution Carbon 44 2006 2681 2688
125. Y.T. Shieh, G.L. Liu, H.H. Wu, and C.C. Lee Effects of polarity and pH on the solubility of acid-treated carbon nanotubes in different media Carbon 45 2007 1880 1890
126. B. Smith, K. Wepasnick, K.E. Schrote, H.-H. Cho, W.P. Ball, and D.H. Fairbrother Influence of surface oxides on the colloidal stability of multi-walled carbon nanotubes: a structure-property relationship Langmuir 25 2009 9767 9776
127. T.J. Simmons, J. Bult, D.P. Hashim, R.J. Linhardt, and P.M. Ajayan Noncovalent functionalization as an alternative to oxidative acid treatment of single wall carbon nanotubes with applications for polymer composites ACS Nano 3 2009 865 870
128. X. An, T.J. Simmons, R. Shah, C. Wolfe, K.M. Lewis, M. Washington, S.K. Nayak, S. Talapatra, and S. Kar Stable aqueous dispersions of noncovalently functionalized graphene from graphite and their multifunctional high-performance applications Nano Lett. 10 2010 4295 4301
129. J.C. Grunlan, L. Liu, and Y.S. Kim Tunable single-walled carbon nanotube microstructure in the liquid and solid states using poly(acrylic acid) Nano Lett. 6 2006 911 915
130. 60 films Science 259 1993 955 957
131. W.J. Cooper, and R.G. Zika Photochemical formation of hydrogen-peroxide in surface and ground waters exposed to sunlight Science 220 1983 711 712
132. 60 fullerene dispersion in water enhanced by natural organic matter and sunlight Environ. Sci. Technol. 43 2009 3574 3579
133. S. Zhang, L. Sun, H.Y. Chen, N.Y. Yuan, and J.N. Ding One-pot photoetching to control size, surface oxygen groups, and dispersion of fullerene particles in water J. Nanopart. Res. 15 2013 (UNSP 1867)
134. 60 fullerene coating as a solid-phase photosensitizer of singlet oxygen Opt. Spectrosc. 105 2008 720 725
135. 60 clusters in sunlight Environ. Sci. Technol. 43 2009 362 367
136. 2+ on carbon nanotubes Water Res. 39 2005 605 609
137. Y. Ge, Z. Li, D. Xiao, P. Xiong, and N. Ye Sulfonated multi-walled carbon nanotubes for the removal of copper(II) from aqueous solutions J. Ind. Eng. Chem. 20 2014 1765 1771
138. M.A. Salam, G. Al-Zhrani, and S.A. Kosa Removal of heavy metal ions from aqueous solution by multi-walled carbon nanotubes modified with 8-hydroxyquinoline: kinetic study J. Ind. Eng. Chem. 20 2014 572 580
139. 2 as adsorbents from aqueous solution J. Ind. Eng. Chem. 20 2014 3186 3194
140. M.A. Baghapour, S. Pourfadakari, and A.H. Mahvi Investigation of Reactive Red Dye 198 removal using multiwall carbon nanotubes in aqueous solution J. Ind. Eng. Chem. 20 2014 2921 2926
141. J.Y. Chen, W. Chen, and D. Zhu Adsorption of nonionic aromatic compounds to single-walled carbon nanotubes: effects of aqueous solution chemistry Environ. Sci. Technol. 42 2008 7225 7230
142. J. Heo, H. Kim, N. Her, S. Lee, Y.G. Park, and Y. Yoon Natural organic matter removal in single-walled carbon nanotubes-ultrafiltration membrane systems Desalination 298 2012 75 84
143. J.K. Im, J. Heo, L.K. Boateng, N. Her, J.R.V. Flora, J. Yoon, K.D. Zoh, and Y. Yoon Ultrasonic degradation of acetaminophen and naproxen in the presence of single-walled carbon nanotubes J. Hazard. Mater. 254 2013 284 292
144. K. Yang, L. Zhu, and B. Xing Adsorption of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons by carbon nanomaterials Environ. Sci. Technol. 40 2006 1855 1861
145. K. Gai, B. Shi, X. Yan, and D. Wang Effect of dispersion on adsorption of atrazine by aqueous suspensions of fullerenes Environ. Sci. Technol. 45 2011 5959 5965
146. M.J. Benotti, R.A. Trenholm, B.J. Vanderford, J.C. Holady, B.D. Stanford, and S.A. Snyder Pharmaceuticals and endocrine disrupting compounds in US drinking water Environ. Sci. Technol. 43 2009 597 603
147. P. Westerhoff, Y. Yoon, S. Snyder, and E. Wert Fate of endocrine-disruptor, pharmaceutical, and personal care product chemicals during simulated drinking water treatment processes Environ. Sci. Technol. 39 2005 6649 6663
148. Y. Yoon, P. Westerhoff, S.A. Snyder, and E.C. Wert Nanofiltration and ultrafiltration of endocrine disrupting compounds, pharmaceuticals and personal care products J. Membr. Sci. 270 2006 88 100
149. Y. Yoon, P. Westerhoff, S.A. Snyder, E.C. Wert, and J. Yoon Removal of endocrine disrupting compounds and pharmaceuticals by nanofiltration and ultrafiltration membranes Desalination 202 2007 16 23
150. S.A. Snyder, S. Adham, A.M. Redding, F.S. Cannon, J. DeCarolis, J. Oppenheimer, E.C. Wert, and Y. Yoon Role of membranes and activated carbon in the removal of endocrine disruptors and pharmaceuticals Desalination 202 2007 156 181
151. J. Ryu, Y. Yoon, and J. Oh Occurrence of endocrine disrupting compounds and pharmaceuticals in 11 WWTPs in Seoul, Korea KSCE J. Civ. Eng. 15 2011 57 64
152. Y. Yoon, J. Ryu, J. Oh, B.G. Choi, and S.A. Snyder Occurrence of endocrine disrupting compounds, pharmaceuticals, and personal care products in the Han River (Seoul, South Korea) Sci. Total Environ. 408 2010 636 643
153. X. Ren, C. Chen, M. Nagatsu, and X. Wang Carbon nanotubes as adsorbents in environmental pollution management: a review Chem. Eng. J. 170 2011 395 410
154. H. Andersen, H. Siegrist, B. Halling-Sorensen, and T.A. Ternes Fate of estrogens in a municipal sewage treatment plant Environ. Sci. Technol. 37 2003 4021 4026
155. L. Joseph, L.K. Boateng, J.R.V. Flora, Y.G. Park, A. Son, M. Badawy, and Y. Yoon Removal of bisphenol A and 17 alpha-ethinyl estradiol by combined coagulation and adsorption using carbon nanomaterials and powdered activated carbon Sep. Purif. Technol. 107 2013 37 47
156. R. Alexy, T. Kumpel, and K. Kummerer Assessment of degradation of 18 antibiotics in the Closed Bottle Test Chemosphere 57 2004 505 512
157. A.J. Al-Rajab, L. Sabourin, A. Scott, D.R. Lapen, and E. Topp Impact of biosolids on the persistence and dissipation pathways of triclosan and triclocarban in an agricultural soil Sci. Total Environ. 407 2009 5978 5985
158. K. Bester, and D. Schafer Activated soil filters (bio filters) for the elimination of xenobiotics (micro-pollutants) from storm- and waste waters Water Res. 43 2009 2639 2646
159. B.D. Blair, J.P. Crago, C.J. Hedman, R.J.F. Treguer, C. Magruder, L.S. Royer, and R.D. Klaper Evaluation of a model for the removal of pharmaceuticals, personal care products, and hormones from wastewater Sci. Total Environ. 444 2013 515 521
160. H. Del Rio, J. Suarez, J. Puertas, and P. Ures PPCPs wet weather mobilization in a combined sewer in NW Spain Sci. Total Environ. 449 2013 189 198
161. B. Kasprzyk-Hordern, R.M. Dinsdale, and A.J. Guwy The removal of pharmaceuticals, personal care products, endocrine disruptors and illicit drugs during wastewater treatment and its impact on the quality of receiving waters Water Res. 43 2009 363 380
162. T. Kistemann, E. Rind, A. Rechenburg, C. Koch, T. Classen, S. Herbst, I. Wienand, and M. Exner A comparison of efficiencies of microbiological pollution removal in six sewage treatment plants with different treatment systems Int. J. Hyg. Environ. Health 211 2008 534 545
163. J. Meyer, and K. Bester Organophosphate flame retardants and plasticisers in wastewater treatment plants J. Environ. Monitor. 6 2004 599 605
164. S.K. Maeng, S.K. Sharma, K. Lekkerkerker-Teunissen, and G.L. Amy Occurrence and fate of bulk organic matter and pharmaceutically active compounds in managed aquifer recharge: a review Water Res. 45 2011 3015 3033
165. S.A. Snyder, J. Leising, P. Westerhoff, Y. Yoon, H. Mash, and B. Vanderford Biological and physical attenuation of endocrine disruptors and pharmaceuticals: implications for water reuse Ground Water Monit. Rem. 24 2004 108 118
166. S. Agnihotri, J.P.B. Mota, M. Rostam-Abadi, and M.J. Rood Theoretical and experimental investigation of morphology and temperature effects on adsorption of organic vapors in single-walled carbon nanotubes J. Phys. Chem. B 110 2006 7640 7647
167. H. Nishikiori, T. Tanigaki, M. Endo, and T. Fujii Quantitative characterization of acidic groups on acid-treated multi-walled carbon nanotubes using 1-aminopyrene as a fluorescent probe Carbon 66 2014 560 566
168. E. Shulga, K. Pohako, A. Treshchalov, U. Joost, V. Kisand, and I. Kink Functionalisation of aligned carbon nanotubes with nitric acid vapour Micro Nano Lett. 6 2011 704 708
169. Q. Zaib, I.A. Khan, N.B. Saleh, J.R.V. Flora, Y.G. Park, and Y. Yoon Removal of bisphenol A and 17 beta-Estradiol by single-walled carbon nanotubes in aqueous solution: adsorption and molecular modeling Water Air Soil Pollut. 223 2012 3281 3293
170. K. Peng, L.-Q. Liu, H. Li, H. Meyer, and Z. Zhang Room temperature functionalization of carbon nanotubes using an ozone/water vapor mixture Carbon 49 2011 70 76
171. W.L. Yim, and J.K. Johnson Ozone oxidation of single walled carbon nanotubes from density functional theory J. Phys. Chem. C 113 2009 17636 17642
172. D. Kolacyak, J. Ihde, C. Merten, A. Hartwig, and U. Lommatzsch Fast functionalization of multi-walled carbon nanotubes by an atmospheric pressure plasma jet J. Colloid Interface Sci. 359 2011 311 317
173. J. Bohdziewicz, and G. Kaminska Kinetics and equilibrium of the sorption of bisphenol A by carbon nanotubes from wastewater Water Sci. Technol. 68 2013 1306 1314
174. Y.M. Yoon, P. Westerhoff, S.A. Snyder, and M. Esparza HPLC-fluorescence detection and adsorption of bisphenol A, 17 beta-estradiol, and 17 alpha-ethynyl estradiol on powdered activated carbon Water Res. 37 2003 3530 3537
175. M. Teixido, J.J. Pignatello, J.L. Beltran, M. Granados, and J. Peccia Speciation of the ionizable antibiotic sulfamethazine on black carbon (biochar) Environ. Sci. Technol. 45 2011 10020 10027
176. A. Llinas, J.C. Burley, K.J. Box, R.C. Glen, and J.M. Goodman Diclofenac solubility: independent determination of the intrinsic solubility of three crystal forms J. Med. Chem. 50 2007 979 983
177. W.H. Xie, W.Y. Shiu, and D. Mackay A review of the effect of salts on the solubility of organic compounds in seawater Mar. Environ. Res. 44 1997 429 444
178. Y. Feng, Z. Zhang, P. Gao, H. Su, Y. Yu, and N. Ren Adsorption behavior of EE2 (17 alpha-ethinylestradiol) onto the inactivated sewage sludge: kinetics, thermodynamics and influence factors J. Hazard. Mater. 175 2010 970 976
179. G.C. Chen, X.Q. Shan, Z.G. Pei, H. Wang, L.R. Zheng, J. Zhang, and Y.-N. Xie Adsorption of diuron and dichlobenil on multiwalled carbon nanotubes as affected by lead J. Hazard. Mater. 188 2011 156 163
180. B. Shi, X. Zhuang, X. Yan, J. Lu, and H. Tang Adsorption of atrazine by natural organic matter and surfactant dispersed carbon nanotubes J. Environ. Sci. China 22 2010 1195 1202
181. G.P. Rao, C. Lu, and F. Su Sorption of divalent metal ions from aqueous solution by carbon nanotubes: a review Sep. Purif. Technol. 58 2007 224 231
182. C. Lu, and C. Liu Removal of nickel(II) from aqueous solution by carbon nanotubes J. Chem. Technol. Biotechnol. 81 2006 1932 1940
183. Y.H. Li, S.G. Wang, Z.K. Luan, J. Ding, C.L. Xu, and D.H. Wu Adsorption of cadmium(II) from aqueous solution by surface oxidized carbon nanotubes Carbon 41 2003 1057 1062
184. C.Y. Lu, and H.S. Chiu Adsorption of zinc(II) from water with purified carbon nanotubes Chem. Eng. Sci. 61 2006 1138 1145
185. Y.H. Li, Y.Q. Zhu, Y.M. Zhao, D.H. Wu, and Z.K. Luan Different morphologies of carbon nanotubes effect on the lead removal from aqueous solution Diam. Relat. Mater. 15 2006 90 94
186. L. Ji, Y. Shao, Z. Xu, S. Zheng, and D. Zhu Adsorption of monoaromatic compounds and pharmaceutical antibiotics on carbon nanotubes activated by KOH etching Environ. Sci. Technol. 44 2010 6429 6436
187. M.A. Chappell, A.J. George, K.M. Dontsova, B.E. Porter, C.L. Price, P. Zhou, E. Morikawa, A.J. Kennedy, and J.A. Steevens Surfactive stabilization of multi-walled carbon nanotube dispersions with dissolved humic substances Environ. Pollut. 157 2009 1081 1087
188. S.A. Ntim, O. Sae-Khow, F.A. Witzmann, and S. Mitra Effects of polymer wrapping and covalent functionalization on the stability of MWCNT in aqueous dispersions J. Colloid Interface Sci. 355 2011 383 388
189. I. Schwyzer, R. Kaegi, L. Sigg, and B. Nowack Colloidal stability of suspended and agglomerate structures of settled carbon nanotubes in different aqueous matrices Water Res. 47 2013 3910 3920
190. S.-R. Chae, Y. Xiao, S. Lin, T. Noeiaghaei, J.-O. Kim, and M.R. Wiesner Effects of humic acid and electrolytes on photocatalytic reactivity and transport of carbon nanoparticle aggregates in water Water Res. 46 2012 4053 4062
191. H. Mashayekhi, S. Ghosh, P. Du, and B. Xing Effect of natural organic matter on aggregation behavior of C-60 fullerene in water J. Colloid Interface Sci. 374 2012 111 117
192. C. Jung, A. Son, N. Her, K.D. Zoh, J. Cho, Y. Yoon, Removal of endocrine disrupting compounds, pharmaceuticals, and personal care products in water using carbon nanotubes: a review, J. Ind. Eng. Chem. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jiec.2014.12.035 (in press).
193. H.H. Cho, H. Huang, and K. Schwab Effects of solution chemistry on the adsorption of ibuprofen and triclosan onto carbon nanotubes Langmuir 27 2011 12960 12967
194. J.L. Sotelo, A.R. Rodriguez, M.M. Mateos, S.D. Hernandez, S.A. Torrellas, and J.G. Rodriguez Adsorption of pharmaceutical compounds and an endocrine disruptor from aqueous solutions by carbon materials J. Environ. Sci. Health B 47 2012 640 652
195. P. Oleszczuk, B. Pan, and B. Xing Adsorption and desorption of oxytetracycline and carbamazepine by multiwalled carbon nanotubes Environ. Sci. Technol. 43 2009 9167 9173
196. L. Ji, W. Chen, S. Zheng, Z. Xu, and D. Zhu Adsorption of sulfonamide antibiotics to multiwalled carbon nanotubes Langmuir 25 2009 11608 11613
197. M. Xia, A. Li, Z. Zhu, Q. Zhou, and W. Yang Factors influencing antibiotics adsorption onto engineered adsorbents J. Environ. Sci. China 25 2013 1291 1299
198. Y. Gao, Y. Li, L. Zhang, H. Huang, J. Hu, S.M. Shah, and X. Su Adsorption and removal of tetracycline antibiotics from aqueous solution by graphene oxide J. Colloid Interface Sci. 368 2012 540 546
199. Y. Lu, M. Jiang, C. Wang, Y. Wang, and W. Yang Effects of matrix and functional groups on tylosin adsorption onto resins and carbon nanotubes Water Air Soil Pollut. 224 2013
200. N. Cai, and P. Larese-Casanova Sorption of carbamazepine by commercial graphene oxides: a comparative study with granular activated carbon and multiwalled carbon nanotubes J. Colloid Interface Sci. 426 2014 152 161
201. I. Lerman, Y. Chen, B. Xing, and B. Chefetz Adsorption of carbamazepine by carbon nanotubes: effects of DOM introduction and competition with phenanthrene and bisphenol A Environ. Pollut. 182 2013 169 176
202. H. Wei, S. Deng, Q. Huang, Y. Nie, B. Wang, J. Huang, and G. Yu Regenerable granular carbon nanotubes/alumina hybrid adsorbents for diclofenac sodium and carbamazepine removal from aqueous solution Water Res. 47 2013 4139 4147
203. S. Zhou, Y. Shao, N. Gao, J. Deng, and C. Tan Equilibrium, kinetic, and thermodynamic studies on the adsorption of triclosan onto multi-walled carbon nanotubes Clean: Soil Air Water 41 2013 539 547
204. L. Joseph, J. Heo, Y.G. Park, J.R.V. Flora, and Y. Yoon Adsorption of bisphenol A and 17 alpha-ethinyl estradiol on single walled carbon nanotubes from seawater and brackish water Desalination 281 2011 68 74
205. L. Zhang, P. Fang, L. Yang, J. Zhang, and X. Wang Rapid method for the separation and recovery of endocrine-disrupting compound bisphenol AP from wastewater Langmuir 29 2013 3968 3975
206. B. Pan, D. Lin, H. Mashayekhi, and B. Xing Adsorption and hysteresis of bisphenol A and 17 alpha-ethinyl estradiol on carbon nanomaterials Environ. Sci. Technol. 42 2008 5480 5485
207. Q. Fang, and B. Chen Adsorption of perchlorate onto raw and oxidized carbon nanotubes in aqueous solution Carbon 50 2012 2209 2219
208. J.C. Lou, Y.S. Hsu, K.L. Hsu, M.S. Chou, and J.Y. Han Comparing the removal of perchlorate when using single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) or granular activated carbon: adsorption kinetics and thermodynamics J. Environ. Sci. Health A 49 2014 503 513
209. A.J. Brooks, H.-N. Lim, and J.E. Kilduff Adsorption uptake of synthetic organic chemicals by carbon nanotubes and activated carbons Nanotechnology 23 2012
210. G.C. Chen, X.Q. Shan, Y.Q. Zhou, X.E. Shen, H.L. Huang, and S.U. Khan Adsorption kinetics, isotherms and thermodynamics of atrazine on surface oxidized multiwalled carbon nanotubes J. Hazard. Mater. 169 2009 912 918
211. N. Rambabu, C.A. Guzman, J. Soltan, and V. Himabindu Adsorption Characteristics of atrazine on granulated activated carbon and carbon nanotubes Chem. Eng. Technol. 35 2012 272 280
212. W.W. Tang, G.M. Zeng, J.L. Gong, Y. Liu, X.Y. Wang, Y.Y. Liu, Z.F. Liu, L. Chen, X.R. Zhang, and D.Z. Tu Simultaneous adsorption of atrazine and Cu(II) from wastewater by magnetic multi-walled carbon nanotube Chem. Eng. J. 211 2012 470 478
213. X.M. Yan, B.Y. Shi, J.J. Lu, C.H. Feng, D.S. Wang, and H.X. Tang Adsorption and desorption of atrazine on carbon nanotubes J. Colloid Interface Sci. 321 2008 30 38
214. Z. Wu, H. Zhong, X. Yuan, H. Wang, L. Wang, X. Chen, G. Zeng, and Y. Wu Adsorptive removal of methylene blue by rhamnolipid-functionalized graphene oxide from wastewater Water Res. 67 2014 330 344
215. M.H. Dehghani, A. Naghizadeh, A. Rashidi, and E. Derakhshani Adsorption of reactive blue 29 dye from aqueous solution by multiwall carbon nanotubes Desalin. Water Treat. 51 2013 7655 7662