Stable aqueous dispersions of graphitic nanoplatelets via the reduction of exfoliated graphite oxide in the presence of poly(sodium 4-styrenesulfonate)

Journal of Materials Chemistry

Volumn 16, Issue 2, 2006, Pages 155-158

  Stankovich, Sasha ^a   Piner, Richard D ^a   Chen, Xinqi ^a   Wu, Nianqiang ^b   Nguyen, Sonbinh T ^c   Ruoff, Rodney S ^a  

^a Northwestern University   (United States)

^b NORTHWESTERN UNIVERSITY   (United States)

^c NONE   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

DISPERSIONS; GRAPHITE; POLYMERS; REDUCTION; SOLUTIONS;

AQUEOUS DISPERSIONS; EXFOLIATED GRAPHITE; POLYMER-COATED GRAPHITIC NANOPLATELETS;

NANOSTRUCTURED MATERIALS;

EID: 33644659711     PISSN: 09599428     EISSN: 13645501     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1039/b512799h     Document Type: Article

References (25)

1. H. Fukushima L. T. Drzal Annu. Tech. Conf. Soc. Plast. Eng. 2003 61 2230 2234
2. B. T. Kelly, Physics of Graphite, Applied Science, London, 1981, 475 pp
3. H. He T. Riedl A. Lerf J. Klinowski J. Phys. Chem. 1996 100 19954 19958
4. H. He J. Klinowski M. Forster A. Lerf Chem. Phys. Lett. 1998 287 53 56
5. A. Lerf H. He M. Forster J. Klinowski J. Phys. Chem. B 1998 102 4477 4482
6. C. Hontoria-Lucas A. J. Lopez-Peinado J. d. D. Loepz-Gonzalez M. L. Rojas-Cervantes R. M. Martin-Aranda Carbon 1995 33 1585 1592
7. M. Hirata T. Gotou S. Horiuchi M. Fujiwara M. Ohba Carbon 2004 42 2929 2937
8. M. Hirata T. Gotou M. Ohba Carbon 2005 43 503 510
9. G. I. Titelman V. Gelman S. Bron R. L. Khalfin Y. Cohen H. Bianco-Peled Carbon 2005 43 641 649
10. A. B. Bourlinos D. Gournis D. Petridis T. Szabo A. Szeri I. Dekany Langmuir 2003 19 6050 6055
11. U. Hofmann A. Frenzel Kolloid Z. 1934 68 149 151
12. W. Hummers R. Offeman J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1958 80 1339
13. P. Liu K. Gong Carbon 1999 37 706 707
14. U. Hofmann E. Konig Z. Anorg. Allg. Chem. 1937 234 311 336
15. V. C. Moore M. S. Strano E. H. Haroz R. H. Hauge R. E. Smalley J. Schmidt Y. Talmon Nano Lett. 2003 3 1379 1382
16. Water content analysis was necessary as graphite oxide is a hygroscopic material and the water trapped between its layers certainly contributes to the higher oxygen content (water content as high as 25% was measured in our graphite oxide samples). The water content in the reduced material is much lower, as expected, and was measured to be 2.79%
17. Although the polymeric surfactant is expected to bind more strongly to the surface of the nanoplatelets in comparison to the monomeric surfactants, a high concentration of it is still needed to prevent precipitation
18. Even drying of the material at 150 °C and 3 mTorr for 24 h failed to alter its elemental composition
19. Based on elemental analysis and the assumption that the polymer nanoplatelet complex is quantitatively isolated
20. -1
21. D. Briggs and G. Beamson, High Resolution XPS of Organic Polymers: The Scienta ESCA300 Database, John Wiley & Sons Inc, New York, 1992, 266 pp
22. R. J. Waltman J. Pacansky C. W. Bates, Jr. Chem. Mater. 1993 5 1799 1804
23. Small amounts of PSS in the filtrate might be the result of incomplete removal of the excess polymer during the washing step in the synthesis of the polymer-platelet complex. They might also have been released from the platelet surface during the ultrasonic treatment needed to redisperse the dry polymer-platelet complex into water
24. J. Robertson, in Graphite and Precursors, ed., P. Delhaès, Gordon and Breach Publishers, Amsterdam, 2001, p. 257
25. C. A. Hunter K. R. Lawson J. Perkins C. J. Urch J. Chem. Soc., Perkin Trans. 2 2001 651 669