Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease in Latinos

Clinical Gastroenterology and Hepatology

Volumn 14, Issue 1, 2016, Pages 5-12

  Saab, Sammy ^a   Manne, Vignan ^b   Nieto, Jose ^c   Schwimmer, Jeffrey B ^d   Chalasani, Naga P ^e  

^a UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA   (United States)

^b AKRON GENERAL MEDICAL CENTER   (United States)

^c Borland Groover Clinic   (United States)

^d UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA SAN DIEGO   (United States)

^e INDIANA UNIVERSITY SCHOOL OF MEDICINE   (United States)

Author keywords

Epidemiology; Fatty Liver Disease; Latinos

Indexed keywords

CANCER RISK; CONSERVATIVE TREATMENT; CULTURAL FACTOR; DISEASE SEVERITY; ETHNIC DIFFERENCE; HEALTH CARE UTILIZATION; HEREDITY; HISPANIC; HUMAN; LIVER CELL CARCINOMA; LIVER CIRRHOSIS; LIVER TRANSPLANTATION; MASS SCREENING; NONALCOHOLIC FATTY LIVER; PATHOGENESIS; PREVALENCE; RACE DIFFERENCE; REVIEW; RISK FACTOR; SOCIOECONOMICS; UNITED STATES; NON-ALCOHOLIC FATTY LIVER DISEASE; PATHOLOGY;

HISPANIC AMERICANS; HUMANS; NON-ALCOHOLIC FATTY LIVER DISEASE; PREVALENCE; UNITED STATES;

EID: 84958853327     PISSN: 15423565     EISSN: 15427714     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.cgh.2015.05.001     Document Type: Review

References (102)

1. Vernon G., Baranova A., Younossi Z.M. Systematic review: the epidemiology and natural history of non-alcoholic steatohepatitis in adults. Aliment Pharmacol Ther 2011, 34:274-285.
2. Bellentani S., Scaglioni F., Marino M., et al. Epidemiology of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. Dig Dis 2010, 28:155-161.
3. Bambha K., Belt P., Abraham M., et al. Nonalcoholic Steatohepatitis Clinical Research Network Research Group. Ethnicity and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. Hepatology 2012, 55:769-780.
4. Lazo M., Hernaez R., Eberhardt M.S., et al. Prevalence of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease in the United States: the Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, 1988-1994. Am J Epidemiol 2013, 178:38-45.
5. Goran M.I., Ventura E.E. Genetic predisposition and increasing dietary fructose exposure: the perfect storm for fatty liver disease in Latinos in the US. Dig Liver Dis 2012, 44:711-713.
6. Mohanty S.R., Troy T.N., Huo D., et al. Influence of ethnicity on histological differences in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. J Hepatol 2009, 50:797-804.
7. Weston S.R., Leyden W., Murphy R., et al. Racial and ethnic distribution of nonalcoholic fatty liver in persons with newly diagnosed chronic liver disease. Hepatology 2005, 41:372-379.
8. Schwimmer J.B., Deutsch R., Kahen T., et al. Prevalence of fatty liver in children and adolescents. Pediatrics 2006, 118:1388-1393.
9. Browning J.D., Szczepaniak L.S., Dobbins R., et al. Prevalence of hepatic steatosis in an urban population in the United States: impact of ethnicity. Hepatology 2004, 40:1387-1395.
10. Harrison S.A., Togerson S., Hayashi P.H. The natural history of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease: a clinical histopathological study. Am J Gastroenterol 2008, 98:2042-2047.
11. Argo C.K., Caldwell S.H. Epidemiology and natural history of non-alcoholic steatohepatitis. Clin Liver Dis 2009, 13:511-531.
12. Charlton M.R., Burns J.M., Pedersen R.A., et al. Frequency and outcomes of liver transplantation for nonalcoholic steatohepatitis in the United States. Gastroenterology 2011, 141:1249-1253.
13. Afzali A., Berry K., Ioannou G.N. Excellent posttransplant survival for patients with nonalcoholic steatohepatitis in the United States. Liver Transpl 2012, 18:29-37.
14. Population estimates. United States census bureau. Available: Accessed: February 10, 2014. http://www.census.gov/popest/data/historical/index.html.
15. Williams C.D., Stengel J., Asike M.I., et al. Prevalence of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease and nonalcoholic steatohepatitis among a largely middle-aged population utilizing ultrasound and liver biopsy: a prospective study. Gastroenterology 2011, 140:124-131.
16. Tiniakos D.G., Vos M.B., Brunt E.M. Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease: pathology and pathogenesis. Annu Rev Pathol 2010, 5:145-171.
17. Schwimmer J.B., McGreal N., Deutsch R., et al. Influence of gender, race, and ethnicity on suspected fatty liver in obese adolescents. Pediatrics 2005, 115:e561-e565.
18. Davis J.N., Le K.A., Walker R.W., et al. Increased hepatic fat in overweight Latino youth influenced by interactions between genetic variation in PNPLA3 and high dietary carbohydrate and sugar consumption. Am J Clin Nutr 2010, 92:1522-1527.
19. Fleischman M.W., Budoff M., Zeb I., et al. NAFLD prevalence differs among Latino subgroups: the multi-ethnic study of atherosclerosis. World J Gastroenterol 2014, 20:4987-4993.
20. Kallwitz E.R., Daviglus M.L., Allison M.A., et al. Prevalence of suspected nonalcoholic fatty liver disease in Hispanic/Latino individuals differs by heritage. Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol 2015, 13:569-576.
21. Dowman J.K., Tomlinson J.W., Newsome P.N. Pathogenesis of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. QJM 2010, 103:71-83.
22. Wree A., Broderick L., Canbay A., et al. From NAFLD to NASH to cirrhosis-new insights into disease mechanisms. Nat Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol 2013, 10:627-636.
23. Anstee Q.M., Day C.P. The genetics of NAFLD. Nat Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol 2013, 10:645-655.
24. Kral J.G., Lundholm K., Bjorntorp P., et al. Hepatic lipid metabolism in severe human obesity. Metabolism 1977, 26:1025-1031.
25. Sastre J., Pallardo F.V., Llopis J., et al. Glutathione depletion by hyperphagia-induced obesity. Life Sci 1989, 45:183-187.
26. Marchesini G., Bugianesi E., Forlani G., et al. Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease, steatohepatitis, and the metabolic syndrome. Hepatology 2003, 37:917-923.
27. Kotronen A., Westerbacka J., Bergholm R., et al. Liver fat in the metabolic syndrome. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2007, 92:3490-3497.
28. Ferrannini E., Haffner S.M., Mitchell B.D., et al. Hyperinsulinemia: the key feature of a cardiovascular and metabolic syndrome. Diabetologia 1991, 34:416-422.
29. Haffner S.M., Valdez R.A., Hazuda H.P., et al. Prospective analysis of the insulin resistance syndrome (syndrome X). Diabetes 1992, 41:715-722.
30. Grundy S.M., Cleeman J.I., Daniels S.R., et al. Diagnosis and management of metabolic syndrome: an American Heart Association/ National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute Scientific Statement. Circulation 2005, 112:2735-2752.
31. Available: Accessed: February 17, 2014. http://www.idf.org/webdata/docs/MetS_def_update2006.pdf.
32. Paschos P., Paletas K. Non alcoholic fatty liver disease and metabolic syndrome. Hippokratia 2009, 13:9-19.
33. Machado M., Marques-Vidal P., Cortez-Pinto H. Hepatic histology in obese patients undergoing bariatric surgery. J Hepatol 2006, 45:600-606.
34. Smits M.M., Ioannou G.N., Boyko E.J., et al. Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease as an independent manifestation of the metabolic syndrome: results of a US national survey in three ethnic groups. J Gastroenterol Hepatol 2013, 28:664-670.
35. Rector R.S., Thyfault J.P., Wei Y., et al. Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease and the metabolic syndrome: an update. World J Gastroenterol 2008, 14:185-192.
36. Rafiq N., Younossi Z.M. Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease: a practical approach to evaluation and management. Clin Liver Dis 2009, 13:249-266.
37. Jeong S.K., Kim Y.K., Park J.W., et al. Impact of visceral fat on the metabolic syndrome and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. J Korean Med Sci 2008, 23:789-795.
38. Carroll J.F., Fulda K.G., Chiapa A.L., et al. Impact of race/ethnicity on the relationship between visceral fat and inflammatory biomarkers. Obesity (Silver Spring) 2009, 17:1420-1427.
39. Sunny N.E., Parks E.J., Browning J.D., et al. Excessive hepatic mitochondrial TCA cycle and gluconeogenesis in humans with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. Cell Metab 2011, 14:804-810.
40. Foster T., Anania F.A., Li D., et al. The prevalence and clinical correlates of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) in African Americans: the multiethnic study of atherosclerosis (MESA). Dig Dis Sci 2013, 58:2392-2398.
41. Targher G., Byrne C.D. Clinical review: nonalcoholic fatty liver disease: a novel cardiometabolic risk factor for type 2 diabetes and its complications. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2013, 98:483-495.
42. Schneider A.L., Lazo M., Selvin E., et al. Racial differences in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease in the US population. Obesity (Silver Spring) 2014, 22:292-299.
43. Williams K.H., Shackel N.A., Gorrell M.D., et al. Diabetes and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease: a pathogenic duo. Endocr Rev 2013, 34:84-129.
44. Schiller J.S., Lucas J.W., Ward B.W., et al. Summary health statistics for US adults: National Health Interview Survey, 2010. Vital Health Stat 10 2012, 252:1-207.
45. Profile: Hispanic/Latino Americans. Office of Minority Health: Latino/Latino profile. Available: Accessed: April 25, 2014. http://minorityhealth.hhs.gov/templates/browse.aspx?lvl=2%26lvlID=54.
46. Diabelea D., Mayer-Davis E.J., Saydah S., et al. Prevalence of type 1 and type 2 diabetes among children and adolescents from 2001-2009. JAMA 2014, 311:1778-1786.
47. Alazmi W.M., Regev A., Molina E.G., et al. Predictors of cirrhosis in Latino patients with nonalcoholic steatohepatitis. Dig Dis Sci 2006, 51:1725-1729.
48. Lomanco R., Ortiz-Lopez C., Orsak B., et al. Role of ethnicity in overweight and obese patients with nonalcoholic steatohepatitis. Hepatology 2011, 54:837-845.
49. Willner I.R., Waters B., Patil S.R., et al. Ninety patients with nonalcoholic steatohepatitis: insulin resistance, familial tendency, and severity of disease. Am J Gastroenterol 2001, 96:2957-2961.
50. Palmer N.D., Musani S.K., Yerges-Armstrong L.M., et al. Characterization of European ancestry nonalcoholic fatty liver disease-associated variants in individuals of African and Latino descent. Hepatology 2013, 58:966-975.
51. Schwimmer J.B., Celedon M.A., Lavine J.E., et al. Heritability of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. Gastroenterology 2009, 136:1585-1592.
52. Chalasani N., Younossi Z., Lavine J.E., et al. The diagnosis and management of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease: practice Guideline by the American Association for the Study of Liver Diseases, American College of Gastroenterology, and the American Gastroenterology Association. Hepatology 2012, 55:2005-2023.
53. Sookoian S., Pirola C.J. Meta-analysis of the influence of I148M variant of patatin-like phospholipase domain containing 3 gene (PNPLA3) on the susceptibility and histological severity of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. Hepatology 2011, 53:1883-1894.
54. Romeo S., Kozlitina J., Xing C., et al. Genetic variation in PNPLA3 confers susceptibility to nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. Nat Genet 2008, 40:1461-1465.
55. Lavine J., Chalasani N., Guo X., et al. Novel genetic loci associated with histologic features of NAFLD in Latino boys (abstr). Gastroenterology 2013, 144(Suppl 1):S-946.
56. Available: Accessed: April 27, 2015. http://www.1000genomes.org/.
57. Darmon N., Drewnowski A. Does social class predict diet quality?. Am J Clin Nutr 2008, 87:1107-1117.
58. Caprio S., Daniels S.R., Drewnowski A., et al. Influence of race, ethnicity, and culture on childhood obesity: implications for prevention and treatment: a consensus statement of Shaping America's Health and the Obesity Society. Diabetes Care 2008, 31:2211-2221.
59. Office of Minority Health: African American profile. Available: Accessed: April 25, 2014. http://minorityhealth.hhs.gov/templates/browse.aspx?lvl=2%26lvlID=51.
60. Allen M.L., Elliot M.N., Morales L.S., et al. Adolescent participation in preventive health behaviors, physical activity, and nutrition: differences across immigrant generations for Asians and Latinos compared with Whites. Am J Public Health 2007, 97:337-343.
61. Unger J.B., Reynolds K., Shakib S., et al. Acculturation, physical activity, and fast-food consumption among Asian-American and Latino adolescents. J Community Health 2004, 29:467-481.
62. Crespo C.J., Smit E., Andersen R.E., et al. Race/ethnicity, social class and their relation to physical inactivity during leisure time: results from the Third National Health Nutrition Examination Survey, 1988-1994. Am J Prev Med 2000, 18:46-53.
63. Crespo C.J., Keteyian S.J., Heath G.W., et al. Leisure-time physical activity among US adults. Results from the Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. Arch Intern Med 1996, 156:93-98.
64. Bautista L., Reininger B., Gay J.L., et al. Perceived barriers to exercise in Hispanic adults by level of activity. J Phys Act Health 2011, 8:916-925.
65. LaBrecque D.R., Abbas Z., Anania F., et al. World Gastroenterology organization guidelines: Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease and nonalcoholic steatohepatitis. J Clin Gastroenterol 2014, 48:467-473.
66. Kallwitz E.R., Guzman G., TenCate V., et al. The histologic spectrum of liver disease in African-American, non-Latino white, and Latino obesity surgery patients. Am J Gastroenterol 2009, 104:64-69.
67. Doycheva I., Patel N., Peterson M., et al. Prognostic implication of liver histology in patients with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease in diabetes. J Diabetes Complications 2013, 27:293-300.
68. Hashimoto E., Tokushige K. Prevalence, gender, ethnic variations, and prognosis of NASH. J Gastroenterol 2011, 46(Suppl 1):63-69.
69. Ascha M.S., Hanouneh I.A., Lopez R., et al. The incidence and risk factors of hepatocellular carcinoma in patients with nonalcoholic steatohepatitis. Hepatology 2010, 51:1972-1978.
70. Singal A.G., Manjunath H., Yopp A.C., et al. The effect of PNPLA3 on fibrosis progression and development of hepatocellular carcinoma: a meta-analysis. Am J Gastroenterol 2014, 109:325-334.
71. Hepatocellular carcinoma-United States, 2001-2006. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep 2010, 59:517-520. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC).
72. Davila J.A., El-Serag H.B. Racial differences in survival of hepatocellular carcinoma in the United States: a population-based study. Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol 2006, 4:104-110.
73. Baumeister S.E., Volzke H., Marschall P., et al. Impact of fatty liver disease on healthcare utilization and costs in a general population: a 5-year observation. Gastroenterology 2008, 134:85-94.
74. Chehreh M.G., Vahedi M., Pourhoseingholi M.A., et al. Estimation of diagnosis and treatment costs of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease: a two-year observation. Hepat Mon 2013, 13:e7382.
75. Miller M., Stone N.J., Ballantyne C., et al. Triglycerides and cardiovascular disease: a scientific statement from the American Heart Association. Circulation 2011, 123:2292-2333.
76. Holt E.W. Describing the role of ethnicity in the progression of NAFLD: easier said than done?. Hepatology 2012, 56:2005. author reply 2005-2006.
77. United States Congress Senate Committee on Health, Education, Labor, and Pensions. Subcommittee on Public Health. Latino health: problems with coverage, access, and health disparities. September 23, 2002.
78. National Board of certification for medical interpreters. Available: Accessed: April 25, 2014. http://www.certifiedmedicalinterpreters.org/.
79. De Jesus M., Xiao C. Predicting health care utilization among Latinos: health locus of control beliefs or access factors?. Health Educ Behav 2014, 41:423-430.
80. Katz R.C., Kegeles S.S., Green B.L., et al. The Tuskegee Legacy Project: history, preliminary scientific findings, and unanticipated societal benefits. Dent Clin North Am 2003, 47:1-19.
81. Lopez-Cevallos D.F., Harvey S.M., Warren J.T. Medical mistrust, perceived discrimination, and satisfaction with health care among young-adult rural Latinos. J Rural Health 2014, 30:344-351.
82. Leaf P., Bruce M., Tischler G., et al. The relationship between demographic factors and attitudes toward mental health. J Community Psychol 1987, 15:275-284.
83. Marin B., Marin G., Padilla A., et al. Utilization of traditional and non-traditional sources of health care among Hispanics. Hispanic J Behavior Sci 1983, 5:65-80.
84. Takeuchi D., Leaf P., Kuo H.S. Ethnic differences in the perception of barriers to help-seeking. Soc Psychiatry Psychiat Epidemiol 1988, 23:273-280.
85. Langellier B.A., Chen J., Vargas-Bustamante A., et al. Understanding health care access and utilization disparities among Latino children in the United States. J Child Health Care 2014, Epub ahead of print.
86. Harrison S.A., Fecht W., Brunt E.M., et al. Orlistat for overweight subjects with nonalcoholic steatohepatitis: a randomized, prospective trial. Hepatology 2009, 49:80-86.
87. Promrat K., Kleiner D.E., Niemeier H.M., et al. Randomized controlled trial testing the effects of weight loss on nonalcoholic steatohepatitis. Hepatology 2010, 51:121-129.
88. Paramsothy P., Knopp R.H., Bertoni A.G., et al. Association of combinations of lipid parameters with carotid intima-media thickness and coronary artery calcium in the MESA (Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis). J Am Coll Cardiol 2010, 56:1034-1041.
89. Magkos F., Yannakoulia M., Chan J.L., et al. Management of the metabolic syndrome and type 2 diabetes through lifestyle modification. Annu Rev Nutr 2009, 29:223-256.
90. Mudaliar S., Henry R.R., Sanyal A.J., et al. Efficacy and safety of the Farnesoid X receptor agonist obeticholic acid in patients with type 2 diabetes and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. Gastroenterology 2013, 145:574-582.
91. Musso G., Gambino R., Cassader M., et al. A meta-analysis of randomized trials for the treatment of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. Hepatology 2010, 52:79-104.
92. Sanyal A.J., Chalasani N., Kowdley K.V., et al. Pioglitazone, vitamin E, or placebo for nonalcoholic steatohepatitis. N Engl J Med 2010, 362:1675-1685.
93. Lavine J.E., Schwimmer J.B., Van Natta M.L. Effect of vitamin E or metformin for treatment of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease in children and adolescents: the TONIC randomized controlled trial. JAMA 2011, 305:1659-1668.
94. Mummadi R.R., Kasturi K.S., Chennareddygari S., et al. Effect of bariatric surgery on nonalcoholic fatty liver disease: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol 2008, 6:1396-1402.
95. Chavez-Tapia N.C., Tellez-Avila F.I., Barrientos-Gutierrez T., et al. Bariatric surgery for non-alcoholic steatohepatitis in obese patients. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2010, 20:CD007340.
96. Cheung L.K., Lal L.S., Chow D.S., et al. Racial disparity in short-term outcomes after gastric bypass surgery. Obes Surg 2013, 23:2096-2103.
97. Admiraal W.M., Celik F., Gerdes V.E., et al. Ethnic differences in weight loss and diabetes remission after bariatric surgery. Diabetes Care 2012, 35:1951-1958.
98. Ng J., Seip R., Stone A., et al. Ethnic variation in weight loss, but no co-morbidity remission, after laparoscopic gastric banding and Roux-en-Y gastric bypass. Surg Obes Relat Dis 2015, 11:94-100.
99. Charlton M.R., Burns J.M., Pedersen P.A., et al. Frequency and outcome of liver transplantation for nonalcoholic steatohepatitis in the United States. Gastroenterology 2011, 141:1249-1253.
100. Thuluvanth P.J., Guidinger M.K., Fung J.J., et al. Liver transplantation in the United States, 1999-2008. Am J Transplant 2010, 10:1003-1019.
101. Kemmer N. Ethnic disparities in liver transplantation. Gastroenterol Hepatol 2011, 7:302-307.
102. Wong R.J., Aguilar M., Cheung R., et al. Nonalcoholic steatohepatitis is the second leading etiology of liver disease among adults awaiting liver transplantation in the United States. Gastroenterology 2015, 148:547-555.