Diabetes and infection: Assessing the association with glycaemic control in population-based studies

The Lancet Diabetes and Endocrinology

Volumn 4, Issue 2, 2016, Pages 148-158

  Pearson Stuttard, Jonathan ^a   Blundell, Samkeliso ^b   Harris, Tess ^c   Cook, Derek G ^c   Critchley, Julia ^c  

^a IMPERIAL COLLEGE LONDON   (United Kingdom)

^b NORTHWICK PARK HOSPITAL   (United Kingdom)

^c ST GEORGE'S UNIVERSITY OF LONDON   (United Kingdom)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

ANTIDIABETIC AGENT; HEMOGLOBIN A1C; INSULIN;

ADVERSE OUTCOME; AGING; COHORT ANALYSIS; DISEASE ASSOCIATION; EVIDENCE BASED MEDICINE; GLYCEMIC CONTROL; HIGH RISK PATIENT; HUMAN; INFECTION; INFECTION RISK; INFECTION SENSITIVITY; INSULIN DEPENDENT DIABETES MELLITUS; LONGITUDINAL STUDY; MEDICAL RESEARCH; MICROANGIOPATHY; MORBIDITY; MORTALITY; NON INSULIN DEPENDENT DIABETES MELLITUS; NONHUMAN; OBESITY; OBSERVATIONAL STUDY; POPULATION BASED CASE CONTROL STUDY; POPULATION RESEARCH; PRIORITY JOURNAL; QUALITY OF LIFE; RANDOMIZED CONTROLLED TRIAL (TOPIC); REVIEW; RISK REDUCTION; VASCULAR DISEASE; DIABETES COMPLICATIONS; INFECTION CONTROL;

DIABETES COMPLICATIONS; HUMANS; INFECTION; INFECTION CONTROL;

EID: 84958060099     PISSN: 22138587     EISSN: 22138595     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/S2213-8587(15)00379-4     Document Type: Review

References (77)

1. IDF, (accessed July 14, 2015). http://www.idf.org/sites/default/files/IDF-Guideline-for-older-people-T2D.pdf.
2. Cheng YJ, Imperatore G, Geiss LS, et al. Secular changes in the age-specific prevalence of diabetes among U.S. adults: 1988-2010. Diabetes Care 2013, 36:2690-2696.
3. Sinclair AJ, Gadsby R, Penfold S, Croxson SC, Bayer AJ Prevalence of diabetes in care home residents. Diabetes Care 2001, 24:1066-1068.
4. Cockram CS, Lee N Diabetes and Infections. Textbook of Diabetes 2010, Wiley-Blackwell, Chichester. 4th edn. R. Holt, C. Cockram, A. Flyvbjerg, B. Goldstein (Eds.).
5. Dungan K, Harris E, Braithwaite S Type 2 diabetes and concomitant illness. Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: an Evidence Based Approach to Practical Management 2008, Humana Press, Totowa, NJ. M. Fienglos, M. Bethel (Eds.).
6. Muller LM, Gorter KJ, Hak E, et al. Increased risk of common infections in patients with type 1 and type 2 diabetes mellitus. Clin Infect Dis 2005, 41:281-288.
7. Gupta S, Koirala J, Khardori R, Khardori N Infections in diabetes mellitus and hyperglycemia. Infect Dis Clin North Am 2007, 21:617-638. vii.
8. Higa M Clinical epidemiology of fungal infection in diabetes. Nihon Rinsho 2008, 66:2239-2244. (in Japanese).
9. Handzel O, Halperin D Necrotizing (malignant) external otitis. Am Fam Physician 2003, 68:309-312.
10. Lee FY, Mossad SB, Adal KA Pulmonary mucormycosis: the last 30 years. Arch Intern Med 1999, 159:1301-1309.
11. Korbel L, Spencer JD Diabetes mellitus and infection: an evaluation of hospital utilization and management costs in the United States. J Diabetes Complications 2015, 29:192-195.
12. Shah BR, Hux JE Quantifying the risk of infectious diseases for people with diabetes. Diabetes Care 2003, 26:510-513.
13. McDonald HI, Nitsch D, Millett ER, Sinclair A, Thomas SL New estimates of the burden of acute community-acquired infections among older people with diabetes mellitus: a retrospective cohort study using linked electronic health records. Diabet Med 2014, 31:606-614.
14. 1c values and mortality risk in type 2 diabetes. population-based case-control study. PLoS One 2013, 8:e68008.
15. Vijan S, Sussman JB, Yudkin JS, Hayward RA Effect of patients' risks and preferences on health gains with plasma glucose level lowering in type 2 diabetes mellitus. JAMA Intern Med 2014, 174:1227-1234.
16. Wise J Diabetes is rising in OECD countries, report warns. BMJ 2015, 350:h3293.
17. NICE Guidelines CG66. Type 2 Diabetes NICE, (accessed Aug 4, 2015). http://www.nice.org.uk/nicemedia/pdf/cg66niceguideline.pdf.
18. Sinclair A, Morley JE, Rodriguez-Mañas L, et al. Diabetes mellitus in older people: position statement on behalf of the International Association of Gerontology and Geriatrics (IAGG), the European Diabetes Working Party for Older People (EDWPOP), and the International Task Force of Experts in Diabetes. J Am Med Dir Assoc 2012, 13:497-502.
19. Seshasai SR, Kaptoge S, Thompson A, et al. Diabetes mellitus, fasting glucose, and risk of cause-specific death. N Engl J Med 2011, 364:829-841. the Emerging Risk Factors Collaboration.
20. Hemmingsen B, Lund SS, Gluud C, et al. Intensive glycaemic control for patients with type 2 diabetes: systematic review with meta-analysis and trial sequential analysis of randomised clinical trials. BMJ 2011, 343:d6898.
21. Adverse events and their association with treatment regimens in the diabetes control and complications trial. Diabetes Care 1995, 18:1415-1427. The Diabetes Control and Complications Trial Research Group.
22. American Disease Association, (accessed July 14, 2015). http://www.diabetes.org/living-with-diabetes/treatment-and-care/blood-glucose-control/tight-diabetes-control.html.
23. Hirji I, Guo Z, Andersson SW, Hammar N, Gomez-Caminero A Incidence of urinary tract infection among patients with type 2 diabetes in the UK General Practice Research Database (GPRD). J Diabetes Complications 2012, 26:513-516.
24. Tessier D Optimal glycaemic control in the elderly: where is the evidence and who should be targeted?. Aging Health 2011, 7:89-96.
25. Association of British Clinical Diabetologists, (accessed July 14, 2015). http://www.diabetologists-abcd.org.uk/Audits/Care_Home_Diabetes_Audit.pdf.
26. Genuth S, Eastman R, Kahn R, et al. Implications of the United kingdom prospective diabetes study. Diabetes Care 2003, 26(suppl 1):S28-S32. the American Diabetes Association.
27. The effect of intensive treatment of diabetes on the development and progression of long-term complications in insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus. N Engl J Med 1993, 329:977-986. The Diabetes Control and Complications Trial Research Group.
28. Gerstein HC, Werstuck GH Dysglycaemia, vasculopenia, and the chronic consequences of diabetes. Lancet Diabetes Endocrinol 2013, 1:71-78.
29. Gerstein HC, Miller ME, Byington RP, et al. Effects of intensive glucose lowering in type 2 diabetes. N Engl J Med 2008, 358:2545-2559. the Action to Control Cardiovascular Risk in Diabetes Study Group.
30. Patel A, MacMahon S, Chalmers J, et al. Intensive blood glucose control and vascular outcomes in patients with type 2 diabetes. N Engl J Med 2008, 358:2560-2572. the ADVANCE Collaborative Group.
31. Duckworth W, Abraira C, Moritz T, et al. Glucose control and vascular complications in veterans with type 2 diabetes. N Engl J Med 2009, 360:129-139. the VADT Investigators.
32. Chiasson JL, Le Lorier J Glycaemic control, cardiovascular disease, and mortality in type 2 diabetes. Lancet 2014, 384:1906-1907.
33. Kornum JB, Thomsen RW, Riis A, Lervang HH, Schønheyder HC, Sørensen HT Type 2 diabetes and pneumonia outcomes: a population-based cohort study. Diabetes Care 2007, 30:2251-2257.
34. Leibovici L, Yehezkelli Y, Porter A, Regev A, Krauze I, Harell D Influence of diabetes mellitus and glycaemic control on the characteristics and outcome of common infections. Diabet Med 1996, 13:457-463.
35. Bochicchio GV, Bochicchio KM, Joshi M, Ilahi O, Scalea TM Acute glucose elevation is highly predictive of infection and outcome in critically injured trauma patients. Ann Surg 2010, 252:597-602.
36. Falciglia M, Freyberg RW, Almenoff PL, D'Alessio DA, Render ML Hyperglycemia-related mortality in critically ill patients varies with admission diagnosis. Crit Care Med 2009, 37:3001-3009.
37. Whitcomb BW, Pradhan EK, Pittas AG, Roghmann MC, Perencevich EN Impact of admission hyperglycemia on hospital mortality in various intensive care unit populations. Crit Care Med 2005, 33:2772-2777.
38. Stegenga ME, van der Crabben SN, Blümer RM, et al. Hyperglycemia enhances coagulation and reduces neutrophil degranulation, whereas hyperinsulinemia inhibits fibrinolysis during human endotoxemia. Blood 2008, 112:82-89.
39. Stegenga ME, van der Crabben SN, Dessing MC, et al. Effect of acute hyperglycaemia and/or hyperinsulinaemia on proinflammatory gene expression, cytokine production and neutrophil function in humans. Diabet Med 2008, 25:157-164.
40. Restrepo BI, Twahirwa M, Rahbar MH, Schlesinger LS Phagocytosis via complement or Fc-gamma receptors is compromised in monocytes from type 2 diabetes patients with chronic hyperglycemia. PLoS One 2014, 9:e92977.
41. Hair PS, Echague CG, Rohn RD, Krishna NK, Nyalwidhe JO, Cunnion KM Hyperglycemic conditions inhibit C3-mediated immunologic control of Staphylococcus aureus. J Transl Med 2012, 10:35.
42. Ferracini M, Martins JO, Campos MR, Anger DB, Jancar S Impaired phagocytosis by alveolar macrophages from diabetic rats is related to the deficient coupling of LTs to the Fc gamma R signaling cascade. Mol Immunol 2010, 47:1974-1980.
43. Benfield T, Jensen JS, Nordestgaard BG Influence of diabetes and hyperglycaemia on infectious disease hospitalisation and outcome. Diabetologia 2007, 50:549-554.
44. Stoeckle M, Kaech C, Trampuz A, Zimmerli W The role of diabetes mellitus in patients with bloodstream infections. Swiss Med Wkly 2008, 138:512-519.
45. Kao LS, Knight MT, Lally KP, Mercer DW The impact of diabetes in patients with necrotizing soft tissue infections. Surg Infect (Larchmt) 2005, 6:427-438.
46. Suaya JA, Eisenberg DF, Fang C, Miller LG Skin and soft tissue infections and associated complications among commercially insured patients aged 0-64 years with and without diabetes in the U.S. PLoS One 2013, 8:e60057.
47. Kumar M, Roe K, Nerurkar PV, et al. Reduced immune cell infiltration and increased pro-inflammatory mediators in the brain of Type 2 diabetic mouse model infected with West Nile virus. J Neuroinflammation 2014, 11:80.
48. Berrou J, Fougeray S, Venot M, et al. Natural killer cell function, an important target for infection and tumor protection, is impaired in type 2 diabetes. PLoS One 2013, 8:e62418.
49. Draghi M, Pashine A, Sanjanwala B, et al. NKp46 and NKG2D recognition of infected dendritic cells is necessary for NK cell activation in the human response to influenza infection. J Immunol 2007, 178:2688-2698.
50. Allard R, Leclerc P, Tremblay C, Tannenbaum TN Diabetes and the severity of pandemic influenza A (H1N1) infection. Diabetes Care 2010, 33:1491-1493.
51. Knapp S Diabetes and infection: is there a link?-mini-review. Gerontology 2013, 59:99-104.
52. Casqueiro J, Casqueiro J, Alves C Infections in patients with diabetes mellitus: a review of pathogenesis. Indian J Endocrinol Metab 2012, 16(suppl 1):S27-S36.
53. Bartelink ML, Hoek L, Freriks JP, Rutten GE Infections in patients with type 2 diabetes in general practice. Diabetes Res Clin Pract 1998, 40:15-19.
54. Boyko EJ, Fihn SD, Scholes D, Chen CL, Normand EH, Yarbro P Diabetes and the risk of acute urinary tract infection among postmenopausal women. Diabetes Care 2002, 25:1778-1783.
55. Boyko EJ, Fihn SD, Scholes D, Abraham L, Monsey B Risk of urinary tract infection and asymptomatic bacteriuria among diabetic and nondiabetic postmenopausal women. Am J Epidemiol 2005, 161:557-564.
56. Czaja CA, Rutledge BN, Cleary PA, Chan K, Stapleton AE, Stamm WE Urinary tract infections in women with type 1 diabetes mellitus: survey of female participants in the epidemiology of diabetes interventions and complications study cohort. J Urol 2009, 181:1129-1134. the Diabetes Control and Complications Trial/Epidemiology of Diabetes Interventions and Complications Research Group, discussion 1134-35.
57. Davis TM, Clifford RM, Davis WA Effect of insulin therapy on quality of life in type 2 diabetes mellitus: the Fremantle Diabetes Study. Diabetes Res Clin Pract 2001, 52:63-71. the Fremantle Diabetes Study.
58. Gorter KJ, Hak E, Zuithoff NP, Hoepelman AI, Rutten GE Risk of recurrent acute lower urinary tract infections and prescription pattern of antibiotics in women with and without diabetes in primary care. Fam Pract 2010, 27:379-385.
59. Hammar N, Farahmand B, Gran M, Joelson S, Andersson SW Incidence of urinary tract infection in patients with type 2 diabetes. Experience from adverse event reporting in clinical trials. Pharmacoepidemiol Drug Saf 2010, 19:1287-1292.
60. Kornum JB, Thomsen RW, Riis A, Lervang HH, Schønheyder HC, Sørensen HT Diabetes, glycemic control, and risk of hospitalization with pneumonia: a population-based case-control study. Diabetes Care 2008, 31:1541-1545.
61. Liu J Impact of diabetes mellitus on pneumonia mortality in a senior population: results from the NHANES III follow-up study. J Geriatr Cardiol 2013, 10:267-271.
62. Simonsen JR, Harjutsalo V, Järvinen A, et al. Bacterial infections in patients with type 1 diabetes: a 14-year follow-up study. BMJ Open Diabetes Res Care 2015, 3:e000067. the FinnDiane Study Group.
63. Thomsen RW, Riis AH, Kjeldsen S, Schønheyder HC Impact of diabetes and poor glycaemic control on risk of bacteraemia with haemolytic streptococci groups A, B, and G. J Infect 2011, 63:8-16.
64. Laupland KB, Gregson DB, Zygun DA, Doig CJ, Mortis G, Church DL Severe bloodstream infections: a population-based assessment. Crit Care Med 2004, 32:992-997.
65. Al-Rubeaan KA, Moharram O, Al-Naqeb D, Hassan A, Rafiullah MR Prevalence of urinary tract infection and risk factors among Saudi patients with diabetes. World J Urol 2013, 31:573-578.
66. Odone A, Houben RM, White RG, Lönnroth K The effect of diabetes and undernutrition trends on reaching 2035 global tuberculosis targets. Lancet Diabetes Endocrinol 2014, 2:754-764.
67. IFCC, (accessed Aug 2, 2015). http://www.ngsp.org/docs/IFCCstd.pdf.
68. Smeeth L, Donnan PT, Cook DG The use of primary care databases: case-control and case-only designs. Fam Pract 2006, 23:597-604.
69. Borenstein M, Hedges LV, Higgins JPT, Rothstein HR Publication Bias. Introduction to Meta-Analysis 2009, John Wiley & Sons, Chichester. M. Borenstein, L.V. Hedges, J.P.T. Higgins, H.R. Rothstein (Eds.).
70. Sobngwi E, Ndour-Mbaye M, Boateng KA, et al. Type 2 diabetes control and complications in specialised diabetes care centres of six sub-Saharan African countries: the Diabcare Africa study. Diabetes Res Clin Pract 2012, 95:30-36.
71. Grant P Management of diabetes in resource-poor settings. Clin Med 2013, 13:27-31.
72. Young F, Critchley JA, Johnstone LK, Unwin NC A review of co-morbidity between infectious and chronic disease in Sub Saharan Africa: TB and diabetes mellitus, HIV and metabolic syndrome, and the impact of globalization. Global Health 2009, 5:9.
73. McCrimmon RJ, Ryan CM, Frier BM Diabetes and cognitive dysfunction. Lancet 2012, 379:2291-2299.
74. Iwashyna TJ, Ely EW, Smith DM, Langa KM Long-term cognitive impairment and functional disability among survivors of severe sepsis. JAMA 2010, 304:1787-1794.
75. Shah FA, Pike F, Alvarez K, et al. Bidirectional relationship between cognitive function and pneumonia. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2013, 188:586-592.
76. Yaffe K, Falvey C, Hamilton N, et al. Diabetes, glucose control, and 9-year cognitive decline among older adults without dementia. Arch Neurol 2012, 69:1170-1175.
77. Tuligenga RH, Dugravot A, Tabák AG, et al. Midlife type 2 diabetes and poor glycaemic control as risk factors for cognitive decline in early old age: a post-hoc analysis of the Whitehall II cohort study. Lancet Diabetes Endocrinol 2014, 2:228-235.