Autonoetic consciousness: Reconsidering the role of episodic memory in future-oriented self-projection

Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology

Volumn 69, Issue 2, 2016, Pages 381-401

  Klein, Stanley B ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA   (United States)

Author keywords

Autonoetic awareness; Episodic memory; Future oriented mental time travel

Indexed keywords

AWARENESS; CONSCIOUSNESS; EPISODIC MEMORY; HUMAN; NEUROPSYCHOLOGICAL TEST; PHYSIOLOGY; RECALL; SELF CONCEPT;

AWARENESS; CONSCIOUSNESS; HUMANS; MEMORY, EPISODIC; MENTAL RECALL; NEUROPSYCHOLOGICAL TESTS; SELF CONCEPT;

EID: 84957436533     PISSN: 17470218     EISSN: 17470226     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1080/17470218.2015.1007150     Document Type: Article

References (120)

1. A.Abraham, R.I.Schubotz, & Y.von Cramon, (2008). Thinking about the future versus the past in personal and non-personal contexts. Brain Research, 1233, 106–119. doi: 10.1016/j.brainres.2008.07.084
2. D.R.Addis, T.Cheng, R.P.Roberts, & D.L.Schacter, (2011). Hippocampal contributions to the episodic simulation of specific and general future events. Hippocampus, 21, 1045–1052. doi: 10.1002/hipo.20870
3. D.R.Addis, & D.L.Schacter, (2012). The hippocampus and imaging the future: Where do we stand? Frontiers in Human Neuroscience, 5, Article 173.
4. D.R.Addis, A.T.Wong, & D.L.Schacter, (2007). Remembering the past and imagining the future: Common and distinct neural substrates during event construction and elaboration. Neuropsychologia, 45, 1363–1377. doi: 10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2006.10.016
5. R.J.Anderson, (2012). Imagining novel futures: The roles of event plausibility andfamiliarity. Memory, 20, 443–451. doi: 10.1080/09658211.2012.677450
6. K.M.Arnold, K.B.McDermott, & K.K.Szpunar, (2011). Individual differences in timeperspective predict autonoetic experience. Consciousness and Cognition, 20, 712–719. doi: 10.1016/j.concog.2011.03.006
7. S.Arzy, S.Collette, S.Ionata, E.Fornari, & O.Blanke, (2009). Subjective mental time travel: The functional architecture of projecting the self to the past and future. European Journal of Neuroscience, 30, 2009–2017. doi: 10.1111/j.1460-9568.2009.06974.x
8. C.M.Atance, & D.K.O'Neill, (2001). Episodic future thinking. Trends in Cognitive Sciences, 5, 533–539. doi: 10.1016/S1364-6613(00)01804-0
9. C.M.Attance, & J.A.Sommerville, (2014). Assessing the role of memory in preschooler'sepisodic performance on episodic foresight tasks. Memory, 22, 118–128. doi: 10.1080/09658211.2013.820324
10. C.Bindschaedler, C.Perer-Faver, P.Maeder, T.Hirsbrunner, & S.Clarke, (2011). Growing up with bilateral hippocampal atrophy: From childhood to teenage. Cortex, 47, 931–944. doi: 10.1016/j.cortex.2010.09.005
11. D.Bischof-Koehler, (1985). On the phylogeny of human motivation. In L.H.Eckensberger & E.D.Lnatermann (Eds.), Emotion and reflexivitaet (pp. 3–47). Vienna: Urban & Schwarzenberg.
12. P.Boyer, (2009). What are memories for? Functions of recall in cognition and culture. In P.Boyer & J.V.Wertsch (Eds.), Memory in mind and culture (pp. 3–28). Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press.
13. M.Broman, A.L.Rose, G.Hotson, & C.M.Casey, (1997). Severe anterograde amnesia with onset in childhood as a result of anoxic encephalopathy. Brain, 120, 417–433. doi: 10.1093/brain/120.3.417
14. J.Brown, (1976). Recall and recognition. New York, NY: John Wiley & Sons Ltd.
15. F.H.Bradley, (1887). Why do we remember forwards and not backwards? Mind, 12, 579–582. doi: 10.1093/mind/os-12.48.579
16. R.L.Buckner, & D.C.Carroll, (2007). Self-projection and the brain. Trends in Cognitive Sciences, 11, 49–57. doi: 10.1016/j.tics.2006.11.004
17. A.Byrne, (2010). Recollection, prediction, imagination. Philosophical Studies, 148, 15–26. doi: 10.1007/s11098-010-9508-1
18. J.Coleman, (1992). Ancient & medieval memories. New York, NY: CambridgeUniversity Press.
19. S.Corkin, (2013). Permanent present tense: The unforgettable life of amnesic patient H. M. New York, NY: Basic Books.
20. D.Cornish, (2011). Earlier and later if and only if past, present and future. Philosophy, 86, 41–58. doi: 10.1017/S0031819110000598
21. T.J.Cottle, & S.L.Klineberg, (1974). The present of things future: Explorations in the human experience of time. London, UK: Collier Macmillan Publishers.
22. C.F.Craver, D.Kwan, C.Steindam, & R.S.Rosenbaum, (2014). Individuals with episodic amnesia are not stuck in time. Neuropsychologia, 57, 191–195. doi: 10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2014.03.004
23. G.Dalla Barba, (2002). Memory, consciousness and temporality. Norwell, MA: Kluwer Academic Publishers.
24. G.Dalla Barba, J.Y.Cappelletti, M.Signorini, & G.Denes, (1997). Confabulation: Remembering another’ past, planning ?another’ future. Neurocase, 3, 425–436.
25. A.D'Argembeau, & M.van der Linden, (2004). Phenomenal characteristics associated withprojecting back into the past and forward into the future: Influence of valence andtemporal distance. Consciousness and Cognition, 13, 844–858. doi: 10.1016/j.concog.2004.07.007
26. R.Descartes, (1970). Philosophical letters. Oxford, UK: Clarendon Press. (A. Kenny, Ed. and Trans.).
27. J.C.Dunn, (2004). Remember-know: A matter of confidence. Psychological Review 111, 524–542. doi: 10.1037/0033-295X.111.2.524
28. H.Ebbinghaus, (1885/1913). Memory: A contribution to experimental psychology. New York, NY: Teacher's College, Columbia University. (Translated by H. A. Ruger & C. Bussenius).
29. J.K.Foster, & M.Jelicic, (1999). Memory: Systems, process, or function? New York, NY: Oxford University Press.
30. P.Fraisse, (1963). The psychology of time. London, UK: Harper & Row Publishers.
31. J.D.E.Gabrieli, (1998). Cognitive neuroscience of human memory. Annual Review of Psychology, 49, 87–115. doi: 10.1146/annurev.psych.49.1.87
32. D.G.Gadian, J.Aicardi, K.E.Watkins, D.A.Porter, M.Mishkin, & F.Vargha-Khadem, (2000). Developmental amnesia associated with early hypoxic-ischaemic injury. Brain, 123, 499–507. doi: 10.1093/brain/123.3.499
33. J.M.Gardiner, (2001). Episodic memory and autonoetic consciousness: A first-person approach. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B, 356, 1351–1361. doi: 10.1098/rstb.2001.0955
34. M.D.Grilli, & M.Verfaellie, (2014). Personal semantic memory: Insights fromneuropsychological research. Neuropsychologia, 61, 56–64. doi: 10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2014.06.012
35. B.Guillery-Girard, S.Martins, D.Parisot-Carbuccia, & F.Eustache, (2004). Semantic acquisition in childhood amnesic syndrome: A prospective study. NeuroReport, 15, 377–381. doi: 10.1097/00001756-200402090-00033
36. D.Hassabis, & E.A.Maguire, (2007). Deconstructing episodic memory with construction. Trends in Cognitive Sciences, 11, 299–306. doi: 10.1016/j.tics.2007.05.001
37. W.Heisenberg, (1958/1999). Physics and philosophy. Amherst, NY: Prometheus Books.
38. P.J.Hilts, (1995). Memory's ghost: The strange tale of Mr. M. New York, NY: Simon &Schuster.
39. C.Hoerl, (2008). On being stuck in time. Phenomenology and the Cognitive Sciences, 7, 485–500. doi: 10.1007/s11097-008-9089-z
40. N.C.Hurley, E.A.Maguire, & F.Vargha-Khadem, (2011). Patient HC with developmental amnesia can construct future scenarios. Neuropsychologia, 49, 3620–3628. doi: 10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2011.09.015
41. D.H.Ingvar, (1985). “Memory for the future”: An essay on the temporal organization ofconscious awareness. Human Neurobiology, 4, 127–136.
42. M.Irish, D.R.Addis, J.R.Hodges, & O.Piguet, (2012). Considering the role ofsemantic memory in episodic future thinking: Evidence from semantic dementia. Brain, 135, 2178–2191. doi: 10.1093/brain/aws119
43. M.Irish, & O.Piguet, (2013). The pivotal role of semantic memory in remembering the past and imagining the future. Frontiers in Behavioral Neuroscience. doi:10.3389/fnbeh.2013.00027.
44. W.James, (1890). Principles of psychology (Vol.1). New York, NY: Henry Holt and Company.
45. R.Klee, (1997). Introduction to the philosophy of science: Cutting nature at its seams. New York, NY: Oxford University Press.
46. S.B.Klein, (2004). The cognitive neuroscience of knowing one's self. In M.A.Gazzaniga (Ed.), The Cognitive Neurosciences III (pp. 1007–1089). Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.
47. S.B.Klein, (2012). The self and its brain. Social Cognition, 30, 474–518. doi: 10.1521/soco.2012.30.4.474
48. S.B.Klein, (2013a). The complex act of projecting oneself into the future. WIREs CognitiveSciences, 4, 63–79. doi: 10.1002/wcs.1210
49. S.B.Klein. (2013b). The temporal orientation of memory: It's time for a change ofdirection. Journal of Applied Research in Memory and Cognition, 4, 222–234. doi: 10.1016/j.jarmac.2013.08.001
50. S.B.Klein, (2013c). Making the case that episodic recollection is attributable to operationsoccurring at retrieval rather than to content stored in a dedicated subsystem of long-term memory. Frontiers in Behavioral Neuroscience 7, 3. doi:103389/fnbeh.2013.00003
51. S.B.Klein, (2013d). Sameness and the self: Philosophical and psychological considerations. Frontiers in Psychology: Perception Science. doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2014.00029.
52. S.B.Klein, (2014a). The two selves: Metaphysical commitments and functionalindependence. New York, NY: Oxford University Press.
53. S.B.Klein, (2014b). Autonoesis and belief in a personal past: An evolutionary theory ofepisodic memory indices. Review of Philosophy and Psychology, 5, 427–447. doi: 10.1007/s13164-014-0181-8
54. S.B.Klein, (in press). What memory is. WIREs Cognitive Science.
55. S.B.Klein, L.Cosmides, J.Tooby, & S.Chance, (2002). Decisions and the evolution of memory: Multiple systems, multiple functions. Psychological Review, 109, 306–329. doi: 10.1037/0033-295X.109.2.306
56. S.B.Klein, & C.E.Gangi, (2010). The multiplicity of self: Neuropsychological evidence and its implications for the self as a construct in psychological research. The Year in Cognitive Neuroscience 2010: Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences, 1191, 1–15.
57. S.B.Klein, T.P.German, L.Cosmides, & R.Gabriel, (2004). A theory of autobiographicalmemory: Necessary components and disorders resulting from their loss. Social Cognition, 22, 460–490. doi: 10.1521/soco.22.5.460.50765
58. S.B.Klein, & M.L.Lax, (2010). The unanticipated resilience of trait self-knowledge in the face of neural damage. Memory, 18, 918–948. doi: 10.1080/09658211.2010.524651
59. S.B.Klein, & J.Loftus, (1993). The mental representation of trait and autobiographicalKnowledge about the self. In T.K.Srull & R.S.Wyer (Eds.), Advances in social cognition (Vol. 5, pp. 1–49). Hillsdale, NJ: Erlbaum.
60. S.B.Klein, J.Loftus, & J.F.Kihlstrom, (2002). Memory and temporal experience: The effects of episodic memory loss on an amnesic patient's ability to remember the past and imagine the future. Social Cognition, 20, 353–379. doi: 10.1521/soco.20.5.353.21125
61. S.B.Klein, & S.Nichols, (2013). Memory and the sense of personal identity. Mind, 121, 677–702. doi: 10.1093/mind/fzs080
62. S.B.Klein, T.E.Robertson, & A.W.Delton, (2010). Facing the future: Memory as anevolved system for planning future acts. Memory & Cognition, 38, 13–22. doi: 10.3758/MC.38.1.13
63. S.B.Klein, K.Rozendal, & L.Cosmides, (2002). A social-cognitive neuroscience analysis of the self. Social Cognition, 20, 105–135. doi: 10.1521/soco.20.2.105.20991
64. D.Kwan, C.F.Craver, L.Green, J.Myerson, P.Boyer, & R.S.Rosenbaum, (2012). Future decision-making without episodic mental time travel. Hippocampus, 22, 1215–1219. doi: 10.1002/hipo.20981
65. T.Lane, (2012). Toward an explanatory framework for mental ownership. Phenomenologyand the Cognitive Sciences, 11, 251–286. doi: 10.1007/s11097-012-9252-4
66. B.Levine, E.Black, R.Cabeza, M.Sinden, A.R.McIntosh, J.P.Toth, E.Tulgin, & D.T.Stuss, (1998). Episodic memory and the self in a case of isolated retrograde amnesia. Brain, 121, 1951–1973. doi: 10.1093/brain/121.10.1951
67. A.Loizou, (1986). The reality of time. Aldershot, UK: Gower Publishing Co.
68. A.R.Luria, (1972). The man with a shattered world. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.
69. E.A.Maguire, & S.L.Mullally, (2013). The hippocampus: A manifesto for change. Journal of Experimental Psychology: General, 142, 1180–1189. doi: 10.1037/a0033650
70. L.Manning, E.Denkova, & L.Unterberger, (2013). Autobiographical significance in past and future public semantic memory: A case-study. Cortex, 49, 2007–2020. doi: 10.1016/j.cortex.2012.11.007
71. H.J.Markowitsch, (2003). Autonoetic consciousness. In T.Kircher & A.David (Eds.), Theself in neuroscience and psychiatry (pp. 180–196). Cambridge, UK: CambridgeUniversity Press.
72. H.J.Markowitsch, & A.Staniliou, (2011). Memory, autonoetic consciousness, and the self. Consciousness and Cognition, 20, 16–39. doi: 10.1016/j.concog.2010.09.005
73. H.J.Markowitsch, & A.Staniloiu, (2013). The impairment of recollection in functional amnesic states. Cortex, 49, 1494–1510. doi: 10.1016/j.cortex.2012.05.020
74. P.Martinelli, M.Sperduti, & P.Piolino, (2013). Neural substrates of the self- memory system: New insights from a meta-analysis. Human Brain Mapping, 34, 1515–1529. doi: 10.1002/hbm.22008
75. M.Mathen, (2010). Is memory preservative? Philosophical Studies, 148, 3–14. doi: 10.1007/s11098-010-9501-8
76. J.M.E.McTaggart, (1908). The unreality of time. Mind, 68, 457–484. doi: 10.1093/mind/XVII.4.457
77. K.Michaelian, S.B.Klein, & K.K.Szpunar, (forthcoming) Seeing the future: Theoretical perspectives on future-oriented mental time travel. Oxford, UK: Oxford University Press.
78. S.L.Mullaley, F.Varga-Khadem, & E.A.Maguire, (2014). Scene construction indevelopmental amnesia: An fMRI study. Neuropsychologia, 52, 1–10. doi: 10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2013.11.001
79. L.Nadel, A.Hupbach, R.Gomez, & K.Newman-Smith, (2012). Memory formation, consolidation and transformation. Neuroscience and Biobehavioral Reviews, 36, 1640–1645. doi: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2012.03.001
80. L.Nadel, & M.Moscovitch, (1997). Memory consolidation, retrograde amnesia and the hippocampal complex. Current Opinion in Neurobiology, 7, 217–227. doi: 10.1016/S0959-4388(97)80010-4
81. A.Newell, (1973). You can't play 20 questions with nature and win: Projective comments on the papers of this symposium. In W.G.Chase (Ed.), Visual information processing (pp. 283–308). San Francisco, CA: Academic Press.
82. L.Nyberg, A.S.N.Kim, R.Habib, B.Levine, & E.Tulving, (2010). Consciousness ofsubjective time in the brain. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 107, 22356–22359.
83. G.Pezzulo, (2008). Coordinating with the future: The anticipatory nature of representation. Minds & Machines, 18, 179–225. doi: 10.1007/s11023-008-9095-5
84. P.Piolino, B.Desgranges, L.Manning, P.North, C.Jokic, & F.Eustache, (2007). Autobiographical memory: The sense of recollection and executive functions after severe traumatic brain injury. Cortex, 43, 176–195. doi: 10.1016/S0010-9452(08)70474-X
85. E.Race, M.N.Keane, M.Verfaellie, (2011). Medial temporal lobe damage causes deficits in episodic memory and episodic future thinking not attributable to deficits in narrative construction. Journal of Neuroscience, 31, 10262–10269. doi: 10.1523/JNEUROSCI.1145-11.2011
86. L.Renoult, P.S.R.Davidson, D.J.Palombo, M.Moscovitch, & B.Levine, (2012). Personal semantics: At the crossroads of semantic and episodic memory. Trends in Cognitive Sciences, 16, 550–558. doi: 10.1016/j.tics.2012.09.003
87. R.S.Rosenbaum, A.Gilboa, & M.Moscovitch, (2014). Case studies continue to illuminate the cognitive neuroscience of memory. Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences. doi:10.1111/nyas.12467
88. J.Rybash, (1999). Aging and the autobiographical memory: The long and bumpy road. Journal of Adult Development, 6, 1–10. doi: 10.1023/A:1021667823176
89. Saint Augustine. (1997). The confessions. Hyde park, NY: New City Press. (Translated by M. Boulding).
90. D.L.Schacter, (1982). The stranger behind the engram: Theories of memory and the science of psychology. Hillsdale, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates.
91. D.L.Schacter, & D.R.Addis, (2007). The cognitive neuroscience of constructive memory: Remembering the past and imagining the future. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B, 362, 773–786. doi: 10.1098/rstb.2007.2087
92. D.L.Schacter, D.R.Addis, D.Hassabis, V.C.Martin, R.N.Spreng, & K.K.Szpunar, (2012). The future of memory: Remembering, imagining, and the brain. Neuron, 76, 677–694. doi: 10.1016/j.neuron.2012.11.001
93. D.L.Schacter, D.R.Addis, & R.L.Buckner, (2008). Episodic simulation of future events: Concepts, data, and applications. Annals of the New York Academy of Science, 1124, 39–60. doi: 10.1196/annals.1440.001
94. W.B.Scoville, & B.Milner, (1957). Loss of recent memory after bilateral hippocampallesions. The Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery and Psychiatry, 20, 11–21. doi: 10.1136/jnnp.20.1.11
95. R.Sorabji, (1972). Aristotle on memory. Providence, RI: Brown University Press.
96. SPSP Annual Convention. (2015, 26–28 February). Subjective Time & Mental Time Travel. Long Beach Convention Center, Long Beach, California.
97. L.R.Squire, (2009). The legacy of patient H. M. for neuroscience. Neuron, 61, 6–9. doi: 10.1016/j.neuron.2008.12.023
98. L.R.Squire, A.S.van der Horst, G.R.McDuff, J.C.Frascino, R.O.Hopkins, & K.N.Maudlin, (2010). Role of the hippocampus in remembering the past and imagining the future. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 107, 19044–19048. doi: 10.1073/pnas.1014391107
99. D.T.Stuss, & D.A.Guzman, (1988). Severe remote mmeory loss with minimal anterograde amnesia: A clincial note. Brain and Cognition, 8, 21–30. doi: 10.1016/0278-2626(88)90036-X
100. T.Suddendorf, (1994). The discovery of the fourth dimension: Mental time travel and human evolution. (Master's Thesis). University of Waikato, Hamilton, New Zealand.
101. T.Suddendorf, (2010). Episodic memory versus episodic foresight: Similarities and differences. WIREs Cognitive Science, 1, 99–107. doi: 10.1002/wcs.23
102. T.Suddendorf, (2013). The gap: The science of what separates us from other animals. New York, NY: Basic Books.
103. T.Suddendorf, D.R.Addis, & M.C.Corbaillis, (2009). Mental time travel and theshaping of the mind. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B, 364, 1317–1324. doi: 10.1098/rstb.2008.0301
104. T.Suddendorf, & M.C.Corballis, (1997). Mental time travel and the evolution of the human mind. Genetic, Social, and General Psychology Monographs, 123, 133–167.
105. T.Suddendorf, & M.C.Corballis, (2007) The evolution of foresight: What is mental time travel, and is it unique to humans? Behavioral and Brain Sciences, 30, 299–313.
106. K.K.Szpunar, (2010). Episodic future thought: An emerging concept. Perspectives on Psychological Science, 5, 142–162. doi: 10.1177/1745691610362350
107. K.K.Szpunar, & K.B.McDermott, (2008). Episodic future thought and its relation to remembering: Evidence from ratings of subjective experience. Consciousness and Cognition, 17, 330–334. doi: 10.1016/j.concog.2007.04.006
108. K.K.Szpunar, & E.Tulving, (2011). Varieties of future experience. In M.Bar (Ed.), Predictions and the brain: Using our past to generate a future (pp. 3–12). New York, NY: Oxford University Press.
109. E.Tulving, (1972). Episodic and semantic memory. In E.Tulving & W.Donaldson (Eds.), Organization of memory (pp. 381–403). New York: Academic Press.
110. E.Tulving, (1983). Elements of episodic memory. New York: Oxford University Press.
111. E.Tulving, (1985). Memory and consciousness. Canadian Psychology/ PsychologieCanadienne, 26, 1–12. doi: 10.1037/h0080017
112. E.Tulving, (1993). What is episodic memory? Current Directions in Psychological Science, 2, 67–70. doi: 10.1111/1467-8721.ep10770899
113. E.Tulving, (2002). Episodic memory: From mind to brain. Annual Review of Psychology, 53, 1–25. doi: 10.1146/annurev.psych.53.100901.135114
114. E.Tulving, (2005). Episodic memory and autonoesis: Uniquely human? In H.S.Terrace & J.Metcalfe (Eds.). The missing link in cognition: Origins of self-reflective consciousness (pp. 3–56). Oxford, UK: Oxford University Press.
115. E.Tulving, & K.K.Szpunar, (2012). Does the future exist? In B.Levine & F.I.M.Craik (Eds.), Mind and the frontal lobes: Cognition, behavior, and brain imaging (pp. 248–263). New York, NY: Oxford University Press.
116. M.Verfaellie, E.Race, & M.M.Keane, (2013). Medial temporal lobe contributions to future thinking: Evidence from neuroimaging and amnesia. Psychologica Belgica, 52, 77–94. doi: 10.5334/pb-52-2-3-77
117. M.A.Wheeler, (2005). Theories of memory and consciousness. In E.Tulving & F.I.M.Craik (Eds.). The Oxford handbook of memory (pp. 597–608). Oxford, UK: Oxford University Press.
118. M.A.Wheeler, D.T.Stuss, & E.Tulving, (1997). Toward a theory of episodic memory: Thefrontal lobes and autonoetic consciousness. Psychological Bulletin, 121, 331–354. doi: 10.1037/0033-2909.121.3.331
119. J.M.C.Williams, N.C.Ellis, C.Tyers, H.Healy, G.Rose, & A.K.MacLeod, (1996). The specificity of autobiographical memory and imageability of the future. Memory & Cognition, 24, 116–125. doi: 10.3758/BF03197278
120. D.Zeithamova, M.L.Schlichting, & A.R.Preston, (2012). The hippocampus and inferential reasoning: Building memories to navigate the future. Frontiers in Human Neuroscience, 6, 1–14. doi: 10.3389/fnhum.2012.00070