Emergency general surgery in the geriatric patient

British Journal of Surgery

Volumn 103, Issue 2, 2016, Pages e52-e61

  Desserud, K F ^a   Veen, T ^a   Soreide K ^a,b  

^a STAVANGER UNIVERSITY HOSPITAL   (Norway)

^b UNIVERSITY OF BERGEN   (Norway)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

AGED; EMERGENCY TREATMENT; ETHICS; FORECASTING; FRAIL ELDERLY; GERIATRIC ASSESSMENT; HEALTH CARE DELIVERY; HOSPITALIZATION; HUMAN; LIVING WILL; LONG TERM CARE; MEDICAL ETHICS; PALLIATIVE THERAPY; PATIENT CARE PLANNING; POSTOPERATIVE CARE; POSTOPERATIVE COMPLICATIONS; PREOPERATIVE CARE; PROCEDURES; RISK FACTOR; SURGERY; TREATMENT OUTCOME;

ADVANCE DIRECTIVES; AGED; EMERGENCY TREATMENT; ETHICS, MEDICAL; FORECASTING; FRAIL ELDERLY; GERIATRIC ASSESSMENT; HEALTH SERVICES ACCESSIBILITY; HOSPITALIZATION; HUMANS; LONG-TERM CARE; MEDICAL FUTILITY; PALLIATIVE CARE; PATIENT CARE PLANNING; POSTOPERATIVE CARE; POSTOPERATIVE COMPLICATIONS; PREOPERATIVE CARE; RISK FACTORS; SURGICAL PROCEDURES, OPERATIVE;

EID: 84955200112     PISSN: 00071323     EISSN: 13652168     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1002/bjs.10044     Document Type: Review

References (89)

1. Stewart B, Khanduri P, McCord C, Ohene-Yeboah M, Uranues S, Vega Rivera F, et al. Global disease burden of conditions requiring emergency surgery. Br J Surg 2014; 101: e9-e22.
2. Shah AA, Haider AH, Zogg CK, Schwartz DA, Haut ER, Zafar SN, et al. National estimates of predictors of outcomes for emergency general surgery. J Trauma Acute Care Surg 2015; 78: 482-490.
3. Haider AH, Obirieze A, Velopulos CG, Richard P, Latif A, Scott VK, et al. Incremental cost of emergency versus elective surgery. Ann Surg 2015; 262: 260-266.
4. Rich PB, Adams SD,. Health care: economic impact of caring for geriatric patients. Surg Clin North Am 2015; 95: 11-21.
5. Prince MJ, Wu F, Guo Y, Gutierrez Robledo LM, O'Donnell M, Sullivan R, et al. The burden of disease in older people and implications for health policy and practice. Lancet 2015; 385: 549-562.
6. Ogola GO, Gale SC, Haider A, Shafi S,. The financial burden of emergency general surgery: national estimates 2010 to 2060. J Trauma Acute Care Surg 2015; 79: 444-448.
7. Bergenfelz A, Søreide K,. Improving outcomes in emergency surgery. Br J Surg 2014; 101: e1-e2.
8. Stewart BT, Wong E, Gupta S, Bastola S, Shrestha S, Kushner AL, et al. Surgical need in an ageing population: a cluster-based household survey in Nepal. Lancet 2015; 385 (Suppl 2): S5.
9. Ageing well: a global priority. Lancet 2012; 379: 1274.
10. Wang XQ, Chen PJ,. Population ageing challenges health care in China. Lancet 2014; 383: 870.
11. Halaweish I, Alam HB,. Changing demographics of the American population. Surg Clin North Am 2015; 95: 1-10.
12. Shah AA, Haider AH, Riviello R, Zogg CK, Zafar SN, Latif A, et al. Geriatric emergency general surgery: survival and outcomes in a low-middle income country. Surgery 2015; 158: 562-569.
13. Stoneham M, Murray D, Foss N,. Emergency surgery: the big three-abdominal aortic aneurysm, laparotomy and hip fracture. Anaesthesia 2014; 69 (Suppl 1): 700-780.
14. Gale SC, Shafi S, Dombrovskiy VY, Arumugam D, Crystal JS,. The public health burden of emergency general surgery in the United States: a 10-year analysis of the Nationwide Inpatient Sample-2001 to 2010. J Trauma Acute Care Surg 2014; 77: 202-208.
15. Bruns BR, Tesoriero R, Narayan M, Klyushnenkova EN, Chen H, Scalea TM, et al. Emergency general surgery: defining burden of disease in the State of Maryland. Am Surg 2015; 81: 829-834.
16. Deiner S, Westlake B, Dutton RP,. Patterns of surgical care and complications in elderly adults. J Am Geriatr Soc 2014; 62: 829-835.
17. Meling T, Harboe K, Søreide K,. Incidence of traumatic long-bone fractures requiring in-hospital management: a prospective age- and gender-specific analysis of 4890 fractures. Injury 2009; 40: 1212-1219.
18. Thorsen K, Søreide JA, Kvaloy JT, Glomsaker T, Søreide K,. Epidemiology of perforated peptic ulcer: age- and gender-adjusted analysis of incidence and mortality. World J Gastroenterol 2013; 19: 347-354.
19. Beadles CA, Meagher AD, Charles AG,. Trends in emergent hernia repair in the United States. JAMA Surg 2015; 150: 194-200.
20. Reite A, Søreide K, Ellingsen CL, Kvaløy JT, Vetrhus M,. Epidemiology of ruptured abdominal aortic aneurysms in a well-defined Norwegian population with trends in incidence, intervention rate, and mortality. J Vasc Surg 2015; 61: 1168-1174.
21. Hashmi A, Ibrahim-Zada I, Rhee P, Aziz H, Fain MJ, Friese RS, et al. Predictors of mortality in geriatric trauma patients: a systematic review and meta-analysis. J Trauma Acute Care Surg 2014; 76: 894-901.
22. Andersson RE,. Short and long-term mortality after appendectomy in Sweden 1987 to 2006. Influence of appendectomy diagnosis, sex, age, co-morbidity, surgical method, hospital volume, and time period. A national population-based cohort study. World J Surg 2013; 37: 974-981.
23. Ukkonen M, Kivivuori A, Rantanen T, Paajanen H,. Emergency abdominal operations in the elderly: a multivariate regression analysis of 430 consecutive patients with acute abdomen. World J Surg 2015 [Epub ahead of print].
24. Rangel EL, Cooper Z, Olufajo OA, Reznor G, Lipsitz SR, Salim A, et al. Mortality after emergency surgery continues to rise after discharge in the elderly: predictors of 1-year mortality. J Trauma Acute Care Surg 2015; 79: 349-358.
25. Symons NR, Moorthy K, Almoudaris AM, Bottle A, Aylin P, Vincent CA, et al. Mortality in high-risk emergency general surgical admissions. Br J Surg 2013; 100: 1318-1325.
26. Blansfield JA, Clark SC, Hofmann MT, Morris JB,. Alimentary tract surgery in the nonagenarian: elective vs. emergent operations. J Gastrointest Surg 2004; 8: 539-542.
27. Thorsen K, Søreide JA, Søreide K,. What is the best predictor of mortality in perforated peptic ulcer disease? A population-based, multivariable regression analysis including three clinical scoring systems. J Gastrointest Surg 2014; 18: 1261-1268.
28. Saunders DI, Murray D, Pichel AC, Varley S, Peden CJ,; UK Emergency Laparotomy Network. Variations in mortality after emergency laparotomy: the first report of the UK Emergency Laparotomy Network. Br J Anaesth 2012; 109: 368-375.
29. Svenningsen P, Manoharan T, Foss NB, Lauritsen ML, Bay-Nielsen M,. Increased mortality in the elderly after emergency abdominal surgery. Dan Med J 2014; 61: A4876.
30. Clegg A, Young J, Iliffe S, Rikke MO, Rockwood K,. Frailty in elderly people. Lancet 2013; 381: 752-762.
31. Kenig J, Zychiewicz B, Olszewska U, Barczynski M, Nowak W,. Six screening instruments for frailty in older patients qualified for emergency abdominal surgery. Arch Gerontol Geriatr 2015; 61: 437-442.
32. Ozban M, Birsen O, Senel M, Ozden A, Kabay B,. The analysis of scoring systems predicting mortality in geriatric emergency abdominal surgery. Ulus Travma Acil Cerrahi Derg 2015; 21: 182-186.
33. St-Louis E, Iqbal S, Feldman LS, Sudarshan M, Deckelbaum DL, Razek TS, et al. Using the age-adjusted Charlson comorbidity index to predict outcomes in emergency general surgery. J Trauma Acute Care Surg 2015; 78: 318-323.
34. Farhat JS, Velanovich V, Falvo AJ, Horst HM, Swartz A, Patton JH Jr, et al. Are the frail destined to fail? Frailty index as predictor of surgical morbidity and mortality in the elderly. J Trauma Acute Care Surg 2012; 72: 1526-1530.
35. Davis P, Hayden J, Springer J, Bailey J, Molinari M, Johnson P, et al. Prognostic factors for morbidity and mortality in elderly patients undergoing acute gastrointestinal surgery: a systematic review. Can J Surg 2014; 57: E44-E52.
36. Smith MC, Boylan MR, Tam SF, Lee R, Alfonso AE, Sugiyama G,. End-stage renal disease increases the risk of mortality after appendectomy. Surgery 2015; 158: 722-727.
37. Frenkel WJ, Jongerius EJ, Mandjes-van Uitert MJ, van Munster BC, de Rooij SE,. Validation of the Charlson Comorbidity Index in acutely hospitalized elderly adults: a prospective cohort study. J Am Geriatr Soc 2014; 62: 342-346.
38. Søreide K, Thorsen K, Søreide JA,. Predicting outcomes in patients with perforated gastroduodenal ulcers: artificial neural network modelling indicates a highly complex disease. Eur J Trauma Emerg Surg 2014; 1: 91-98.
39. Søreide K, Thorsen K, Harrison EM, Bingener J, Møller MH, Ohene-Yeboah M, et al. Perforated peptic ulcer. Lancet 2015; 386: 1288-1298.
40. Thorsen K, Søreide JA, Søreide K,. Scoring systems for outcome prediction in patients with perforated peptic ulcer. Scand J Trauma Resusc Emerg Med 2013; 21: 25.
41. Merani S, Payne J, Padwal RS, Hudson D, Widder SL, Khadaroo RG,. Predictors of in-hospital mortality and complications in very elderly patients undergoing emergency surgery. World J Emerg Surg 2014; 9: 43.
42. Glance LG, Lustik SJ, Hannan EL, Osloer TM, Mukamel DB, Qian F, et al. The Surgical Mortality Probability Model: derivation and validation of a simple risk prediction rule for noncardiac surgery. Ann Surg 2012; 255: 696-702.
43. Abbas SM, Kahokehr A, Mahmoud M, Hill AG,. The Simple Prognostic Index (SPI)-a pathophysiologic prognostic scoring tool for emergency laparotomy. J Surg Res 2010; 163: e59-e65.
44. Duron JJ, Duron E, Dugue T, Pujol J, Muscari F, Collet D, et al. Risk factors for mortality in major digestive surgery in the elderly: a multicenter prospective study. Ann Surg 2011; 254: 375-382.
45. Al-Temimi MH, Griffee M, Enniss TM, Preston R, Vargo D, Overton S, et al. When is death inevitable after emergency laparotomy? Analysis of the American College of Surgeons National Surgical Quality Improvement Program database. J Am Coll Surg 2012; 215: 503-511.
46. Søreide K, Desserud KF,. Emergency surgery in the elderly: the balance between function, frailty, fatality and futility. Scand J Trauma Resusc Emerg Med 2015; 23: 10.
47. Smith AK, Williams BA, Lo B,. Discussing overall prognosis with the very elderly. N Engl J Med 2011; 365: 2149-2151.
48. Buck DL, Vester-Andersen M, Møller MH,. Surgical delay is a critical determinant of survival in perforated peptic ulcer. Br J Surg 2013; 100: 1045-1049.
49. Griffiths R, Beech F, Brown A, Dhesi J, Foo I, Goodall J, et al. Peri-operative care of the elderly 2014: Association of Anaesthetists of Great Britain and Ireland. Anaesthesia 2014; 69 (Suppl 1): 81-98.
50. Cooper Z, Courtwright A, Karlage A, Gawanda A, Block S,. Pitfalls in communication that lead to nonbeneficial emergency surgery in elderly patients with serious illness: description of the problem and elements of a solution. Ann Surg 2014; 260: 949-957.
51. Peden C, Scott MJ,. Anesthesia for emergency abdominal surgery. Anesthesiol Clin 2015; 33: 209-221.
52. Huddart S, Peden CJ, Swart M, McCormick B, Dickinson M, Mohammed MA, et al. Use of a pathway quality improvement care bundle to reduce mortality after emergency laparotomy. Br J Surg 2015; 102: 57-66.
53. Brown JB, Gestring ML, Forsythe RM, Stassen NA, Billiar TR, Peitzmann AB, et al. Systolic blood pressure criteria in the National Trauma Triage Protocol for geriatric trauma: 110 is the new 90. J Trauma Acute Care Surg 2015; 78: 352-359.
54. Martin RS, Farrah JP, Chang MC,. Effect of aging on cardiac function plus monitoring and support. Surg Clin North Am 2015; 95: 23-35.
55. Ramly E, Kaafarani HM, Velmahos GC,. The effect of aging on pulmonary function: implications for monitoring and support of the surgical and trauma patient. Surg Clin North Am 2015; 95: 53-69.
56. Baldea AJ,. Effect of aging on renal function plus monitoring and support. Surg Clin North Am 2015; 95: 71-83.
57. Joannidis M, Druml W, Forni LG, Groeneveld AB, Honore P, Oudemans-van Straaten HM, et al. Prevention of acute kidney injury and protection of renal function in the intensive care unit. Expert opinion of the Working Group for Nephrology, ESICM. Intensive Care Med 2010; 36: 392-411.
58. Mangram AJ, Shifflette VK, Mitchell CD, Johnson VA, Lorenzo M, Truitt MS, et al. The creation of a geriatric trauma unit 'G-60'. Am Surg 2011; 77: 1144-1146.
59. Carpenter CR, Platts-Mills TF,. Evolving prehospital, emergency department, and 'inpatient' management models for geriatric emergencies. Clin Geriatr Med 2013; 29: 31-47.
60. Weber DG, Bendinelli C, Balogh ZJ,. Damage control surgery for abdominal emergencies. Br J Surg 2014; 101: e109-e118.
61. Subramanian A, Balentine C, Palacio CH, Sansqiry S, Berger DH, Awad SS,. Outcomes of damage-control celiotomy in elderly nontrauma patients with intra-abdominal catastrophes. Am J Surg 2010; 200: 783-788.
62. Ni Q, Chen D, Xu R, Shang D,. The efficacy of percutaneous transhepatic gallbladder drainage on acute cholecystitis in high-risk elderly patients based on the Tokyo guidelines: a retrospective case-control study. Medicine (Baltimore) 2015; 94: e1442.
63. Preston SD, Southall AR, Nel M, Das SK,. Geriatric surgery is about disease, not age. J R Soc Med 2008; 101: 409-415.
64. Lu Y, Loffroy R, Lau JY, Barkun A,. Multidisciplinary management strategies for acute non-variceal upper gastrointestinal bleeding. Br J Surg 2014; 101: e34-e50.
65. Crofts TJ, Park KG, Steele RJ, Chung SS, Li AK,. A randomized trial of nonoperative treatment for perforated peptic ulcer. N Engl J Med 1989; 320: 970-973.
66. Kristjansson SR, Farinella E, Gaskell S, Audisio RA,. Surgical risk and post-operative complications in older unfit cancer patients. Cancer Treat Rev 2009; 35: 499-502.
67. Cauley CE, Panizales MT, Reznor G, Haynes AB, Havens JM, Kelley E, et al. Outcomes after emergency abdominal surgery in patients with advanced cancer: opportunities to reduce complications and improve palliative care. J Trauma Acute Care Surg 2015; 79: 399-406.
68. McCoy CC, Englum BR, Keenan JE, Vaslef SN, Shapiro ML, Scarborough JE,. Impact of specific postoperative complications on the outcomes of emergency general surgery patients. J Trauma Acute Care Surg 2015; 78: 912-918.
69. Speicher PJ, Lagoo-Deenadayalan SA, Galanos AN, Pappas TN, Scarborough JE,. Expectations and outcomes in geriatric patients with do-not-resuscitate orders undergoing emergency surgical management of bowel obstruction. JAMA Surg 2013; 148: 23-28.
70. Chow WB, Merkow RP, Cohen ME, Bilimoria KY, Ko CY,. Association between postoperative complications and reoperation for patients undergoing geriatric surgery and the effect of reoperation on mortality. Am Surg 2012; 78: 1137-1142.
71. Ansaloni L, Catena F, Chattat R, Fortuna D, Franceschi C, Mascitti P, et al. Risk factors and incidence of postoperative delirium in elderly patients after elective and emergency surgery. Br J Surg 2010; 97: 273-280.
72. Zaal IJ, Devlin JW, Peelen LM, Slooter AJ,. A systematic review of risk factors for delirium in the ICU. Crit Care Med 2015; 43: 40-47.
73. American Geriatrics Society Expert Panel on Postoperative Delirium in Older Adults. American Geriatrics Society abstracted clinical practice guideline for postoperative delirium in older adults. J Am Geriatr Soc 2015; 63: 142-150.
74. Hwabejire JO, Kaafarani HM, Lee J, Yeh DD, Fagenholz P, King DR, et al. Patterns of injury, outcomes, and predictors of in-hospital and 1-year mortality in nonagenarian and centenarian trauma patients. JAMA Surg 2014; 149: 1054-1059.
75. Gazala S, Tul Y, Wagg A, Widder SL, Khadaroo RG,; Acute Care and Emergency Surgery Group. Quality of life and long-term outcomes of octo- and nonagenarians following acute care surgery: a cross sectional study. World J Emerg Surg 2013; 8: 23.
76. Partridge JS, Harari D, Martin FC, Dhesi JK,. The impact of pre-operative comprehensive geriatric assessment on postoperative outcomes in older patients undergoing scheduled surgery: a systematic review. Anaesthesia 2014; 69 (Suppl 1): 8-16.
77. Grudzen C, Richardson LD, Baumlin KM, Winkel G, Davila C, Nq K, et al. Redesigned geriatric emergency care may have helped reduce admissions of older adults to intensive care units. Health Aff (Millwood) 2015; 34: 788-795.
78. Mangram AJ, Mitchell CD, Shifflette VK, Lorenzo M, Truitt MS, Goel A, et al. Geriatric trauma service: a one-year experience. J Trauma Acute Care Surg 2012; 72: 119-122.
79. Boddaert J, Cohen-Bittan J, Khiami F, Le Manach Y, Raux M, Beinis JY, et al. Postoperative admission to a dedicated geriatric unit decreases mortality in elderly patients with hip fracture. PLoS One 2014; 9: e83795.
80. Nohra E, Bochicchio GV,. Management of the gastrointestinal tract and nutrition in the geriatric surgical patient. Surg Clin North Am 2015; 95: 85-101.
81. Schwarze ML, Redmann AJ, Brasel KJ, Alexander GC,. The role of surgeon error in withdrawal of postoperative life support. Ann Surg 2012; 256: 10-15.
82. Lissauer ME, Naranjo LS, Kirchoffner J, Scalea TM, Johnson SB,. Patient characteristics associated with end-of-life decision making in critically ill surgical patients. J Am Coll Surg 2011; 213: 766-770.
83. Scarborough JE, Pappas TN, Bennett KM, Lagoo-Deenadayalan S,. Failure-to-pursue rescue: explaining excess mortality in elderly emergency general surgical patients with preexisting 'do-not-resuscitate' orders. Ann Surg 2012; 256: 453-461.
84. Peschman J, Brasel KJ,. End-of-life care of the geriatric surgical patient. Surg Clin North Am 2015; 95: 191-202.
85. Coats TJ,. Barriers, regulations and solutions in emergency surgery research. Br J Surg 2014; 101: e3-e4.
86. Hempenius L, Slaets JP, Boelens MA, van Asselt DZ, de Bock GH, Wiggers T,. Inclusion of frail elderly patients in clinical trials: solutions to the problems. J Geriatr Oncol 2013; 4: 26-31.
87. Glickman SW, Anstrom KJ, Lin L, Chandra A, Laskowitz DT, Woods CW, et al. Challenges in enrollment of minority, pediatric, and geriatric patients in emergency and acute care clinical research. Ann Emerg Med 2008; 51: 775-780.e3.
88. Jones CW, Hunold KM, Isaacs CG, Platt-Mills TF,. Randomized trials in emergency medicine journals, 2008 to 2011. Am J Emerg Med 2013; 31: 231-235.
89. Prestmo A, Hagen G, Sletvold O, Helbostad JL, Thingstad P, Taraldsen K, et al. Comprehensive geriatric care for patients with hip fractures: a prospective, randomised, controlled trial. Lancet 2015; 385: 1623-1633.