Probing Carrier Transport and Structure-Property Relationship of Highly Ordered Organic Semiconductors at the Two-Dimensional Limit

Physical Review Letters

Volumn 116, Issue 1, 2016, Pages

  Zhang, Yuhan ^a   Qiao, Jingsi ^b   Gao, Si ^a   Hu, Fengrui ^a   He, Daowei ^a   Wu, Bing ^a   Yang, Ziyi ^a   Xu, Bingchen ^a   Li, Yun ^a   Shi, Yi ^a   Ji, Wei ^b,c   Wang, Peng ^a   Wang, Xiaoyong ^a   Xiao, Min ^a,d   Xu, Hangxun ^e   Xu, Jian Bin ^a,f   Wang, Xinran ^a  

^a NANJING UNIVERSITY   (China)

^b RENMIN UNIVERSITY OF CHINA   (China)

^c SHANGHAI JIAO TONG UNIVERSITY   (China)

^d UNIVERSITY OF ARKANSAS   (United States)

^e UNIVERSITY OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY OF CHINA   (China)

^f CHINESE UNIVERSITY OF HONG KONG   (Hong Kong)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

CARRIER TRANSPORT; MODULATION; ORGANIC FIELD EFFECT TRANSISTORS; ULTRATHIN FILMS; VAN DER WAALS FORCES;

DIELECTRIC INTERFACE; ORGANIC ELECTRONICS; ORGANIC THIN FILMS; PENTACENE CRYSTALS; SATURATION THICKNESS; STRUCTURAL CHARACTERIZATION; STRUCTURAL MODULATIONS; STRUCTURE PROPERTY RELATIONSHIPS;

DENSITY FUNCTIONAL THEORY;

EID: 84954415278     PISSN: 00319007     EISSN: 10797114     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1103/PhysRevLett.116.016602     Document Type: Article

References (53)

1. H. Li, G. Giri, J. B. H. Tok, and Z. Bao, MRS Bull. 38, 34 (2013). MRSBEA 0883-7694 10.1557/mrs.2012.309
2. C. Wang, H. Dong, W. Hu, Y. Liu, and D. Zhu, Chem. Rev. 112, 2208 (2012). CHREAY 0009-2665 10.1021/cr100380z
3. G. Giri, E. Verploegen, S. C. B. Mannsfeld, S. Atahan-Evrenk, D. H. Kim, S. Y. Lee, H. A. Becerril, A. Aspuru-Guzik, M. F. Toney, and Z. Bao, Nature (London) 480, 504 (2011). NATUAS 0028-0836 10.1038/nature10683
4. N. A. Minder, S. F. Lu, S. Fratini, S. Ciuchi, A. Facchetti, and A. F. Morpurgo, Adv. Mater. 26, 1254 (2014). ADVMEW 0935-9648 10.1002/adma.201304130
5. A. Dodabalapur, L. Torsi, and H. E. Katz, Science 268, 270 (1995). SCIEAS 0036-8075 10.1126/science.268.5208.270
6. F. Dinelli, M. Murgia, P. Levy, M. Cavallini, F. Biscarini, and D. M. De Leeuw, Phys. Rev. Lett. 92, 116802 (2004). PRLTAO 0031-9007 10.1103/PhysRevLett.92.116802
7. R. Ruiz, A. Papadimitratos, A. C. Mayer, and G. G. Malliaras, Adv. Mater. 17, 1795 (2005). ADVMEW 0935-9648 10.1002/adma.200402077
8. V. Podzorov, MRS Bull. 38, 15 (2013). MRSBEA 0883-7694 10.1557/mrs.2012.306
9. L. Jiang, H. Dong, Q. Meng, H. Li, M. He, Z. Wei, Y. He, and W. Hu, Adv. Mater. 23, 2059 (2011). ADVMEW 0935-9648 10.1002/adma.201004551
10. J. W. Wang and C. Jiang, Org. Electron. 16, 164 (2015). OERLAU 1566-1199 10.1016/j.orgel.2014.10.051
11. S. R. Forrest, Chem. Rev. 97, 1793 (1997). CHREAY 0009-2665 10.1021/cr941014o
12. X. D. Zhuang, Y. Y. Mai, D. Q. Wu, F. Zhang, and X. L. Feng, Adv. Mater. 27, 403 (2015). ADVMEW 0935-9648 10.1002/adma.201401857
13. H. Moon, Nat. Mater. 14, 628 (2015). NMAACR 1476-1122 10.1038/nmat4237
14. P. Kissel, D. J. Murray, W. J. Wulftange, V. J. Catalano, and B. T. King, Nat. Chem. 6, 774 (2014). NCAHBB 1755-4330 10.1038/nchem.2008
15. M. J. Kory, M. Worle, T. Weber, P. Payamyar, S. W. van de Poll, J. Dshemuchadse, N. Trapp, and A. D. Schluter, Nat. Chem. 6, 779 (2014). NCAHBB 1755-4330 10.1038/nchem.2007
16. D. He, Nat. Commun. 5, 5162 (2014). NCAOBW 2041-1723 10.1038/ncomms6162
17. J. W. Colson, A. R. Woll, A. Mukherjee, M. P. Levendorf, E. L. Spitler, V. B. Shields, M. G. Spencer, J. Park, and W. R. Dichtel, Science 332, 228 (2011). SCIEAS 0036-8075 10.1126/science.1202747
18. See Supplemental Material at http://link.aps.org/supplemental/10.1103/PhysRevLett.116.016602 for methods, supplementary figures and tables, which includes Refs. [19-32].
19. W. Regan, N. Alem, B. N. Alemán, B. Geng, C. a. l. Girit, L. Maserati, F. Wang, M. Crommie, and A. Zettl, Appl. Phys. Lett. 96, 113102 (2010). APPLAB 0003-6951 10.1063/1.3337091
20. G. E. Pike and C. H. Seager, Phys. Rev. B 10, 1421 (1974). PLRBAQ 0556-2805 10.1103/PhysRevB.10.1421
21. P. E. Blochl, Phys. Rev. B 50, 17953 (1994). PRBMDO 0163-1829 10.1103/PhysRevB.50.17953
22. G. Kresse and D. Joubert, Phys. Rev. B 59, 1758 (1999). PRBMDO 0163-1829 10.1103/PhysRevB.59.1758
23. G. Kresse and J. Furthmuller, Phys. Rev. B 54, 11169 (1996). PRBMDO 0163-1829 10.1103/PhysRevB.54.11169
24. M. Dion, H. Rydberg, E. Schroder, D. C. Langreth, and B. I. Lundqvist, Phys. Rev. Lett. 92, 246401 (2004). PRLTAO 0031-9007 10.1103/PhysRevLett.92.246401
25. K. Lee, E. D. Murray, L. Z. Kong, B. I. Lundqvist, and D. C. Langreth, Phys. Rev. B 82, 081101 (2010). PRBMDO 1098-0121 10.1103/PhysRevB.82.081101
26. J. Klimes, D. R. Bowler, and A. Michaelides, J. Phys. Condens. Matter 22, 074203 (2010). JCOMEL 0953-8984 10.1088/0953-8984/22/7/074203
27. J. Klimes, D. R. Bowler, and A. Michaelides, Phys. Rev. B 83, 195131 (2011). PRBMDO 1098-0121 10.1103/PhysRevB.83.195131
28. J. Heyd, G. E. Scuseria, and M. Ernzerhof, J. Chem. Phys. 118, 8207 (2003). JCPSA6 0021-9606 10.1063/1.1564060
29. J. Heyd, G. E. Scuseria, and M. Ernzerhof, J. Chem. Phys. 124, 219906 (2006). JCPSA6 0021-9606 10.1063/1.2204597
30. W. Q. Deng and W. A. Goddard, J. Phys. Chem. B 108, 8614 (2004). JPCBFK 1520-6106 10.1021/jp0495848
31. S. Schiefer, M. Huth, A. Dobrinevski, and B. Nickel, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 129, 10316 (2007). JACSAT 0002-7863 10.1021/ja0730516
32. P. B. Paramonov, V. Coropceanu, and J. L. Bredas, Phys. Rev. B 78, 041403 (2008). PRBMDO 1098-0121 10.1103/PhysRevB.78.041403
33. I. N. Hulea, S. Fratini, H. Xie, C. L. Mulder, N. N. Iossad, G. Rastelli, S. Ciuchi, and A. F. Morpurgo, Nat. Mater. 5, 982 (2006). NMAACR 1476-1122 10.1038/nmat1774
34. J. Veres, S. D. Ogier, S. W. Leeming, D. C. Cupertino, and S. M. Khaffaf, Adv. Funct. Mater. 13, 199 (2003). AFMDC6 1616-301X 10.1002/adfm.200390030
35. Y. Harada, H. Ozaki, and K. Ohno, Phys. Rev. Lett. 52, 2269 (1984). PRLTAO 0031-9007 10.1103/PhysRevLett.52.2269
36. Y. L. Wang, W. Ji, D. X. Shi, S. X. Du, C. Seidel, Y. G. Ma, H. J. Gao, L. F. Chi, and H. Fuchs, Phys. Rev. B 69, 075408 (2004). PRBMDO 0163-1829 10.1103/PhysRevB.69.075408
37. S. C. B. Mannsfeld, A. Virkar, C. Reese, M. F. Toney, and Z. Bao, Adv. Mater. 21, 2294 (2009). ADVMEW 0935-9648 10.1002/adma.200803328
38. We believe the diffractions spots mainly come from 2L and above, because the electron reflections from IL and 1L are considerably weaker than those from the rest of the pentacene multilayers and hence not able to be recorded at the current imaging condition with a short acquisition time and low incident electron dose.
39. K. Kim, E. J. G. Santos, T. H. Lee, Y. Nishi, and Z. Bao, Small 11, 2037 (2015). SMALBC 1613-6810 10.1002/smll.201403006
40. V. C. Sundar, J. Zaumseil, V. Podzorov, E. Menard, R. L. Willett, T. Someya, and J. A. Rogers, Science 303, 1644 (2004). SCIEAS 0036-8075 10.1126/science.1094196
41. V. Podzorov, E. Menard, A. Borissov, V. Kiryukhin, J. A. Rogers, and M. E. Gershenson, Phys. Rev. Lett. 93, 086602 (2004). PRLTAO 0031-9007 10.1103/PhysRevLett.93.086602
42. D. Y. Zang, F. F. So, and S. R. Forrest, Appl. Phys. Lett. 59, 823 (1991). APPLAB 0003-6951 10.1063/1.105274
43. M. Grobosch, R. Schuster, T. Pichler, M. Knupfer, and H. Berger, Phys. Rev. B 74, 155202 (2006). PRBMDO 1098-0121 10.1103/PhysRevB.74.155202
44. R. He, X. Chi, A. Pinczuk, D. V. Lang, and A. P. Ramirez, Appl. Phys. Lett. 87, 211117 (2005). APPLAB 0003-6951 10.1063/1.2135494
45. R. He, N. G. Tassi, G. B. Blanchet, and A. Pinczuk, Appl. Phys. Lett. 96, 263303 (2010). APPLAB 0003-6951 10.1063/1.3458816
46. Considering the gap between HOMO, and LUMO in pentacene is 2.2-2.3 eV [Phys. Rev. Lett. 93, 086802 (2004); PRLTAO 0031-9007 10.1103/PhysRevLett.93.086802
47. Phys. Rev. B 71, 081202R (2005)], the observed exciton binding energy is on the order of 0.1 eV. PRBMDO 1098-0121 10.1103/PhysRevB.71.081202
48. Using a dielectric constant of 2.5 for pentacene [Phys. Rev. Lett. 98, 037402 (2007)], we can estimate the exciton radius of 5.7 nm. PRLTAO 0031-9007 10.1103/PhysRevLett.98.037402
49. M. C. J. M. Vissenberg and M. Matters, Phys. Rev. B 57, 12964 (1998). PRBMDO 0163-1829 10.1103/PhysRevB.57.12964
50. J. J. Brondijk, W. S. C. Roelofs, S. G. J. Mathijssen, A. Shehu, T. Cramer, F. Biscarini, P. W. M. Blom, and D. M. de Leeuw, Phys. Rev. Lett. 109, 056601 (2012). PRLTAO 0031-9007 10.1103/PhysRevLett.109.056601
51. D. Venkateshvaran, Nature (London) 515, 384 (2014). NATUAS 0028-0836 10.1038/nature13854
52. A. R. Brown, C. P. Jarrett, D. M. deLeeuw, and M. Matters, Synth. Met. 88, 37 (1997). SYMEDZ 0379-6779 10.1016/S0379-6779(97)80881-8
53. A. K. Geim and I. V. Grigorieva, Nature (London) 499, 419 (2013). NATUAS 0028-0836 10.1038/nature12385