Therapeutic utility of the newly discovered properties of interleukin-21

Cytokine

Volumn 82, Issue , 2016, Pages 33-37

  Al Chami, E ^a   Tormo, A ^a   Khodayarian, F ^a   Rafei, M ^a  

^a UNIVERSITÉ DE MONTRÉAL   (Canada)

Author keywords

Hematopoiesis; Immunity; Interleukin 21; Regulatory cells; Signaling; Thymopoiesis

Indexed keywords

BIM PROTEIN; GRANULOCYTE MACROPHAGE COLONY STIMULATING FACTOR; INTERLEUKIN 10; INTERLEUKIN 12; INTERLEUKIN 12 RECEPTOR; INTERLEUKIN 13; INTERLEUKIN 4; JANUS KINASE 1; JANUS KINASE 3; STAT1 PROTEIN; STAT3 PROTEIN; STAT5A PROTEIN; STAT5B PROTEIN; T LYMPHOCYTE RECEPTOR; INTERLEUKIN 21; INTERLEUKIN DERIVATIVE;

ADAPTIVE IMMUNITY; ANTIGEN PRESENTING CELL; ARTICLE; CD4+ T LYMPHOCYTE; CELL VIABILITY; CYTOKINE PRODUCTION; CYTOKINE RELEASE; ENZYME ACTIVATION; HUMAN; INNATE IMMUNITY; LYMPHOCYTE DIFFERENTIATION; NONHUMAN; PRIORITY JOURNAL; PROTEIN EXPRESSION; PROTEIN FUNCTION; REGULATORY T LYMPHOCYTE; T LYMPHOCYTE ACTIVATION; ANIMAL; AUTOIMMUNE DISEASE; B LYMPHOCYTE; CLINICAL TRIAL (TOPIC); IMMUNOLOGY; NATURAL KILLER CELL; NEOPLASM; PATHOLOGY; T LYMPHOCYTE; VIRUS INFECTION;

ANIMALS; AUTOIMMUNE DISEASES; B-LYMPHOCYTES; CLINICAL TRIALS AS TOPIC; HUMANS; INTERLEUKINS; KILLER CELLS, NATURAL; NEOPLASMS; T-LYMPHOCYTES; VIRUS DISEASES;

EID: 84952039532     PISSN: 10434666     EISSN: 10960023     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.cyto.2015.12.018     Document Type: Article

References (54)

1. Kared H., Camous X., Larbi A. T cells and their cytokines in persistent stimulation of the immune system. Curr. Opin. Immunol. 2014, 29:79-85. 10.1016/j.coi.2014.05.003.
2. Leonard W.J. Cytokines and immunodeficiency diseases. Nat. Rev. Immunol. 2001, 1:200-208. 10.1038/35105066.
3. Buckley R.H. Molecular defects in human severe combined immunodeficiency and approaches to immune reconstitution. Annu. Rev. Immunol. 2004, 22:625-655. 10.1146/annurev.immunol.22.012703.104614.
4. Li Y., Bleakley M., Yee C. IL-21 influences the frequency, phenotype, and affinity of the antigen-specific CD8 T cell response. J. Immunol. (Baltimore, Md. 1950) 2005, 175:2261-2269.
5. Ozaki K., et al. A critical role for IL-21 in regulating immunoglobulin production. Science (New York, N.Y.) 2002, 298:1630-1634. 10.1126/science.1077002.
6. Parrish-Novak J., et al. Interleukin 21 and its receptor are involved in NK cell expansion and regulation of lymphocyte function. Nature 2000, 408:57-63. 10.1038/35040504.
7. Zeng R., et al. Synergy of IL-21 and IL-15 in regulating CD8+ T cell expansion and function. J. Exp. Med. 2005, 201:139-148. 10.1084/jem.20041057.
8. Steele N., et al. A phase 1 trial of recombinant human IL-21 in combination with cetuximab in patients with metastatic colorectal cancer. Br. J. Cancer 2012, 106:793-798. 10.1038/bjc.2011.599.
9. Thompson J.A., et al. Phase I study of recombinant interleukin-21 in patients with metastatic melanoma and renal cell carcinoma. J. Clin. Oncol.: Off. J. Am. Soc. Clin. Oncol. 2008, 26:2034-2039. 10.1200/jco.2007.14.5193.
10. Davis I.D., et al. Clinical and biological efficacy of recombinant human interleukin-21 in patients with stage IV malignant melanoma without prior treatment: a phase IIa trial. Clin. Can. Res.: Off. J. Am. Assoc. Can. Res. 2009, 15:2123-2129. 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-08-2663.
11. Yi J.S., Du M., Zajac A.J. A vital role for interleukin-21 in the control of a chronic viral infection. Science (New York, N.Y.) 2009, 324:1572-1576. 10.1126/science.1175194.
12. Novy P., Huang X., Leonard W.J., Yang Y. Intrinsic IL-21 signaling is critical for CD8 T cell survival and memory formation in response to vaccinia viral infection. J. Immunol. (Baltimore, Md. 1950) 2011, 186:2729-2738. 10.4049/jimmunol.1003009.
13. Elsaesser H., Sauer K., Brooks D.G. IL-21 is required to control chronic viral infection. Science (New York, N.Y.) 2009, 324:1569-1572. 10.1126/science.1174182.
14. Spolski R., Leonard W.J. Interleukin-21: basic biology and implications for cancer and autoimmunity. Annu. Rev. Immunol. 2008, 26:57-79. 10.1146/annurev.immunol.26.021607.090316.
15. Kim H.P., Korn L.L., Gamero A.M., Leonard W.J. Calcium-dependent activation of interleukin-21 gene expression in T cells. J. Biol. Chem. 2005, 280:25291-25297. 10.1074/jbc.M501459200.
16. Mehta D.S., Wurster A.L., Weinmann A.S., Grusby M.J. NFATc2 and T-bet contribute to T-helper-cell-subset-specific regulation of IL-21 expression. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 2005, 102:2016-2021. 10.1073/pnas.0409512102.
17. Harada M., et al. IL-21-induced Bepsilon cell apoptosis mediated by natural killer T cells suppresses IgE responses. J. Exp. Med. 2006, 203:2929-2937. 10.1084/jem.20062206.
18. Zeng R., et al. The molecular basis of IL-21-mediated proliferation. Blood 2007, 109:4135-4142. 10.1182/blood-2006-10-054973.
19. Ettinger R., et al. IL-21 induces differentiation of human naive and memory B cells into antibody-secreting plasma cells. J. Immunol. (Baltimore, Md.: 1950) 2005, 175:7867-7879.
20. Pene J., et al. Cutting edge: IL-21 is a switch factor for the production of IgG1 and IgG3 by human B cells. J. Immunol. (Baltimore, Md.: 1950) 2004, 172:5154-5157.
21. Avery D.T., Bryant V.L., Ma C.S., de Waal Malefyt R., Tangye S.G. IL-21-induced isotype switching to IgG and IgA by human naive B cells is differentially regulated by IL-4. J. Immunol. (Baltimore, Md.: 1950) 2008, 181:1767-1779.
22. Ozaki K., et al. Overexpression of interleukin 21 induces expansion of hematopoietic progenitor cells. Int. J. Hematol. 2006, 84:224-230. 10.1532/ijh97.06036.
23. Jin H., Malek T.R. Redundant and unique regulation of activated mouse B lymphocytes by IL-4 and IL-21. J. Leukoc. Biol. 2006, 80:1416-1423. 10.1189/jlb.0206096.
24. Good K.L., Bryant V.L., Tangye S.G. Kinetics of human B cell behavior and amplification of proliferative responses following stimulation with IL-21. J. Immunol. (Baltimore, Md.: 1950) 2006, 177:5236-5247.
25. Brenne A.T., et al. Interleukin-21 is a growth and survival factor for human myeloma cells. Blood 2002, 99:3756-3762.
26. Spolski R., Leonard W.J. Interleukin-21: a double-edged sword with therapeutic potential. Nat. Rev. Drug Discovery 2014, 13:379-395. 10.1038/nrd4296.
27. Brandt K., et al. Interleukin-21 inhibits dendritic cell-mediated T cell activation and induction of contact hypersensitivity in vivo. J. Invest. Dermatol. 2003, 121:1379-1382. 10.1046/j.1523-1747.2003.12603.x.
28. Wan C.K., et al. The cytokines IL-21 and GM-CSF have opposing regulatory roles in the apoptosis of conventional dendritic cells. Immunity 2013, 38:514-527. 10.1016/j.immuni.2013.02.011.
29. Korn T., et al. IL-21 initiates an alternative pathway to induce proinflammatory T(H)17 cells. Nature 2007, 448:484-487. 10.1038/nature05970.
30. Attridge K., et al. IL-21 inhibits T cell IL-2 production and impairs Treg homeostasis. Blood 2012, 119:4656-4664. 10.1182/blood-2011-10-388546.
31. Peluso I., et al. IL-21 counteracts the regulatory T cell-mediated suppression of human CD4+ T lymphocytes. J. Immunol. (Baltimore, Md.: 1950) 2007, 178:732-739.
32. Spolski R., Kim H.P., Zhu W., Levy D.E., Leonard W.J. IL-21 mediates suppressive effects via its induction of IL-10. J. Immunol. (Baltimore, Md.: 1950) 2009, 182:2859-2867. 10.4049/jimmunol.0802978.
33. Pot C., et al. Cutting edge: IL-27 induces the transcription factor c-Maf, cytokine IL-21, and the costimulatory receptor ICOS that coordinately act together to promote differentiation of IL-10-producing Tr1 cells. J. Immunol. (Baltimore, Md.: 1950) 2009, 183:797-801. 10.4049/jimmunol.0901233.
34. Doganci A., et al. In the presence of IL-21 human cord blood T cells differentiate to IL-10-producing Th1 but not Th17 or Th2 cells. Int. Immunol. 2013, 25:157-169. 10.1093/intimm/dxs097.
35. Matsushita T., Yanaba K., Bouaziz J.D., Fujimoto M., Tedder T.F. Regulatory B cells inhibit EAE initiation in mice while other B cells promote disease progression. J. Clin. Investig. 2008, 118:3420-3430. 10.1172/jci36030.
36. Yanaba K., et al. IL-10-producing regulatory B10 cells inhibit intestinal injury in a mouse model. Am. J. Pathol. 2011, 178:735-743. 10.1016/j.ajpath.2010.10.022.
37. Watanabe R., et al. Regulatory B cells (B10 cells) have a suppressive role in murine lupus: CD19 and B10 cell deficiency exacerbates systemic autoimmunity. J. Immunol. (Baltimore, Md.: 1950) 2010, 184:4801-4809. 10.4049/jimmunol.0902385.
38. Haas K.M., et al. Protective and pathogenic roles for B cells during systemic autoimmunity in NZB/W F1 mice. J. Immunol. (Baltimore, Md. : 1950) 2010, 184:4789-4800. 10.4049/jimmunol.0902391.
39. Kalampokis I., Yoshizaki A., Tedder T.F. IL-10-producing regulatory B cells (B10 cells) in autoimmune disease. Arthritis Res. Therapy 2013, 15(Suppl 1):S1. 10.1186/ar3907.
40. Tedder T.F., Leonard W.J. Autoimmunity: regulatory B cells-IL-35 and IL-21 regulate the regulators. Nat. Rev. Rheumatol. 2014, 10:452-453. 10.1038/nrrheum.2014.95.
41. Yoshizaki A., et al. Regulatory B cells control T-cell autoimmunity through IL-21-dependent cognate interactions. Nature 2012, 491:264-268. 10.1038/nature11501.
42. Lindner S., et al. Interleukin 21-induced granzyme B-expressing B cells infiltrate tumors and regulate T cells. Can. Res. 2013, 73:2468-2479. 10.1158/0008-5472.can-12-3450.
43. Ciofani M., Zuniga-Pflucker J.C. The thymus as an inductive site for T lymphopoiesis. Annu. Rev. Cell Dev. Biol. 2007, 23:463-493. 10.1146/annurev.cellbio.23.090506.123547.
44. Rafei M., Rouette A., Brochu S., Vanegas J.R., Perreault C. Differential effects of gammac cytokines on postselection differentiation of CD8 thymocytes. Blood 2013, 121:107-117. 10.1182/blood-2012-05-433508.
45. Gruver A.L., Sempowski G.D. Cytokines, leptin, and stress-induced thymic atrophy. J. Leukoc. Biol. 2008, 84:915-923. 10.1189/jlb.0108025.
46. Savino W. The thymus is a common target organ in infectious diseases. PLoS Pathog. 2006, 2:e62. 10.1371/journal.ppat.0020062.
47. Wang S.D., Huang K.J., Lin Y.S., Lei H.Y. Sepsis-induced apoptosis of the thymocytes in mice. J. Immunol. (Baltimore, Md.: 1950) 1994, 152:5014-5021.
48. Zubkova I., Mostowski H., Zaitseva M. Up-regulation of IL-7, stromal-derived factor-1 alpha, thymus-expressed chemokine, and secondary lymphoid tissue chemokine gene expression in the stromal cells in response to thymocyte depletion: implication for thymus reconstitution. J. Immunol. (Baltimore, Md. 1950) 2005, 175:2321-2330.
49. Rafei M., Dumont-Lagace M., Rouette A., Perreault C. Interleukin-21 accelerates thymic recovery from glucocorticoid-induced atrophy. PLoS ONE 2013, 8:e72801. 10.1371/journal.pone.0072801.
50. Steinmann G.G. Changes in the human thymus during aging. Current topics in pathology. Ergebnisse der Pathologie 1986, 75:43-88.
51. Hale J.S., Boursalian T.E., Turk G.L., Fink P.J. Thymic output in aged mice. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 2006, 103:8447-8452. 10.1073/pnas.0601040103.
52. Haynes L., Eaton S.M., Burns E.M., Randall T.D., Swain S.L. Newly generated CD4 T cells in aged animals do not exhibit age-related defects in response to antigen. J. Exp. Med. 2005, 201:845-851. 10.1084/jem.20041933.
53. Rafei M., et al. Development and function of innate polyclonal TCRalphabeta+ CD8+ thymocytes. J. Immunol. (Baltimore, Md.: 1950) 2011, 187:3133-3144. 10.4049/jimmunol.1101097.
54. E. Al-Chami, A. Tormo, S. Paquin, R. Kanjarawi, S. Ziouani, M. Rafei, Interleukin-21 administration to aged mice rejuvenates their peripheral T-cell pool by triggering de novo thymopoiesis (accepted in Aging Cell).