메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 6, Issue NOV, 2015, Pages

How peer-review constrains cognition: On the frontline in the knowledge sector

Author keywords

Distributed cognition; Distributed language; Ecological psychology; Embodied cognition; Epistemology; Languaging; Peer review; Representation

Indexed keywords


EID: 84949641901     PISSN: None     EISSN: 16641078     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2015.01706     Document Type: Article
Times cited : (21)

References (86)
  • 1
    • 84930572902 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • What is this cognition that is supposed to be embodied?
    • Aizawa, K. (2015). What is this cognition that is supposed to be embodied? Philos. Psychol. 28, 755-775. doi: 10.1080/09515089.2013.875280
    • (2015) Philos. Psychol , vol.28 , pp. 755-775
    • Aizawa, K.1
  • 2
    • 84871367368 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Do we have something to say? From re-search to roi-search and back again
    • Alvesson, M. (2013). Do we have something to say? From re-search to roi-search and back again. Organization 20, 79-90. doi: 10.1177/1350508412460996
    • (2013) Organization , vol.20 , pp. 79-90
    • Alvesson, M.1
  • 3
    • 84971730891 scopus 로고
    • Reliability, fairness, objectivity, and other inappropriate goals in peer-review
    • Bailar, J. C. (1991). Reliability, fairness, objectivity, and other inappropriate goals in peer-review. Behav. Brain Sci. 14, 137-138. doi: 10.1017/S0140525X00065705
    • (1991) Behav. Brain Sci , vol.14 , pp. 137-138
    • Bailar, J.C.1
  • 4
    • 0344585487 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The manuscript review process: the proper roles of authors, referees and editors
    • Bedeian, A. G. (2003). The manuscript review process: the proper roles of authors, referees and editors. J. Manag. Inq. 12, 331-338. doi: 10.1177/1056492603258974
    • (2003) J. Manag. Inq , vol.12 , pp. 331-338
    • Bedeian, A.G.1
  • 5
    • 45449090983 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Does evidence-based policy work? Learning from the UK experience
    • Boaz, A., Grayson, L., Levitt, R., and Solesbury, W. (2008). Does evidence-based policy work? Learning from the UK experience. Evid. Policy 4, 233-253. doi: 10.1332/174426408784614680
    • (2008) Evid. Policy , vol.4 , pp. 233-253
    • Boaz, A.1    Grayson, L.2    Levitt, R.3    Solesbury, W.4
  • 6
    • 84877103582 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Scientific peer review
    • Bornmann, L. (2011). Scientific peer review. Annu. Rev. Inform. Sci. Technol. 45, 197-245. doi: 10.1002/aris.2011.1440450112
    • (2011) Annu. Rev. Inform. Sci. Technol , vol.45 , pp. 197-245
    • Bornmann, L.1
  • 7
    • 56749183653 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Do editors and referees look for signs of scientific misconduct when reviewing manuscripts? A quantitative content analysis of studies that examined review criteria and reasons for accepting and rejecting manuscripts for publication
    • Bornmann, L., and Daniel, H. D. (2008). Do editors and referees look for signs of scientific misconduct when reviewing manuscripts? A quantitative content analysis of studies that examined review criteria and reasons for accepting and rejecting manuscripts for publication. Scientometrics 77, 416-432. doi: 10.1007/s11192-007-1950-2
    • (2008) Scientometrics , vol.77 , pp. 416-432
    • Bornmann, L.1    Daniel, H.D.2
  • 8
    • 0034419285 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • What events are: commentary on Stoffregen's "Affordances and Events."
    • Chemero, A. (2000). What events are: commentary on Stoffregen's "Affordances and Events." Ecol. Psychol. 12, 37-42. doi: 10.1207/S15326969ECO1201_3
    • (2000) Ecol. Psychol , vol.12 , pp. 37-42
    • Chemero, A.1
  • 11
    • 0019885491 scopus 로고
    • Chance and consensus in peer review
    • Cole, S., Cole, J. R., and Simon, G. A. (1981). Chance and consensus in peer review. Science 214, 881-886. doi: 10.1126/science.7302566
    • (1981) Science , vol.214 , pp. 881-886
    • Cole, S.1    Cole, J.R.2    Simon, G.A.3
  • 13
    • 84907701087 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Linguistic embodiment and verbal constaints: human cognition and the scales of time
    • Cowley, S. J. (2014). Linguistic embodiment and verbal constaints: human cognition and the scales of time. Front. Psychol. 5:1085. doi: 10.3389/fpsyg.2014.01085
    • (2014) Front. Psychol , vol.5 , pp. 1085
    • Cowley, S.J.1
  • 15
  • 19
    • 0027924870 scopus 로고
    • Drawbacks of peer-review
    • Ernst, E., Saradeth, T., and Reach, K. L. (1993). Drawbacks of peer-review. Nature 363, 296. doi: 10.1038/363296a0
    • (1993) Nature , vol.363 , pp. 296
    • Ernst, E.1    Saradeth, T.2    Reach, K.L.3
  • 21
    • 1242269436 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Relationship between conflicts of interest and research results
    • Friedman, L. S., and Richter, E. D. (2004). Relationship between conflicts of interest and research results. J. Gen. Intern. Med. 19, 51-56. doi: 10.1111/j.1525-1497.2004.30617.x
    • (2004) J. Gen. Intern. Med , vol.19 , pp. 51-56
    • Friedman, L.S.1    Richter, E.D.2
  • 24
    • 64549087204 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The problem of agency in scientific distributed cognitive systems
    • Giere, R. N. (2004). The problem of agency in scientific distributed cognitive systems. J. Cogn. Cult. 4, 759-774. doi: 10.1163/1568537042484887
    • (2004) J. Cogn. Cult , vol.4 , pp. 759-774
    • Giere, R.N.1
  • 25
    • 34047150153 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Chicago, IL: University of Chicago Press
    • Giere, R. N. (2010). Scientific Perspectivism. Chicago, IL: University of Chicago Press.
    • (2010) Scientific Perspectivism
    • Giere, R.N.1
  • 26
    • 0037024254 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Making reviewers visible: openness, accountability, and credit
    • Godlee, F. (2002). Making reviewers visible: openness, accountability, and credit. J. Am. Med. Assoc. 287, 2762-2765.
    • (2002) J. Am. Med. Assoc , vol.287 , pp. 2762-2765
    • Godlee, F.1
  • 29
    • 0039810544 scopus 로고
    • Creative disagreement
    • Harnad, S. (1979). Creative disagreement. Sciences 19, 18-20. doi: 10.1002/j.2326-1951.1979.tb01767.x
    • (1979) Sciences , vol.19 , pp. 18-20
    • Harnad, S.1
  • 30
    • 77949404623 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Editorial judgments: a praxeology of 'voting' in peer review
    • Hirschauer, S. (2009). Editorial judgments: a praxeology of 'voting' in peer review. Soc. Stud. Sci. 40, 71-103. doi: 10.1177/0306312709335405
    • (2009) Soc. Stud. Sci , vol.40 , pp. 71-103
    • Hirschauer, S.1
  • 31
    • 84988425770 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • 'Distributed cognition: toward a new foundation for human-computer interaction research,'
    • (New York, NY: ACM Digital Library)
    • Hollan, J., Hutchins, E., and Kirsh, D. (2000). "Distributed cognition: toward a new foundation for human-computer interaction research," in Proceedings of the ACM Transactions on Computer-Human Interaction (TOCHI), Vol. 7 (New York, NY: ACM Digital Library), 174-196.
    • (2000) Proceedings of the ACM Transactions on Computer-Human Interaction (TOCHI) , vol.7 , pp. 174-196
    • Hollan, J.1    Hutchins, E.2    Kirsh, D.3
  • 32
    • 84896989595 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Regularity in the time-dependent distribution of the percentage of never-cited papers: an empirical pilot study based on the six journals
    • Hu, Z., and Wu, Y. (2014). Regularity in the time-dependent distribution of the percentage of never-cited papers: an empirical pilot study based on the six journals. J. Inform. 8, 136-146. doi: 10.1016/j.joi.2013.11.002
    • (2014) J. Inform , vol.8 , pp. 136-146
    • Hu, Z.1    Wu, Y.2
  • 34
    • 84890802562 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The cultural ecosystem of human cognition
    • Hutchins, E. (2014). The cultural ecosystem of human cognition. Philos. Psychol. 27, 34-49. doi: 10.1080/09515089.2013.830548
    • (2014) Philos. Psychol , vol.27 , pp. 34-49
    • Hutchins, E.1
  • 36
    • 33846563409 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Why most published research findings are false
    • Ioannidis, J. P. A. (2005). Why most published research findings are false. PLoS Med. 2:e124. doi: 10.1371/journal.pmed.0020124
    • (2005) PLoS Med , vol.2
    • Ioannidis, J.P.A.1
  • 37
    • 84911996633 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • 'The role of anticipation in reading,'
    • ed. S. J. Cowley (Amsterdam: John Benjamins)
    • Järvilehto, T., Nurkkala, V. M., and Koskela, K. (2011). "The role of anticipation in reading," in Distributed Language, ed. S. J. Cowley (Amsterdam: John Benjamins), 15-31.
    • (2011) Distributed Language , pp. 15-31
    • Järvilehto, T.1    Nurkkala, V.M.2    Koskela, K.3
  • 38
    • 0242267471 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A perspective of judgement and choice: mapping bounded rationality
    • Kahneman, D. (2003). A perspective of judgement and choice: mapping bounded rationality. Am. Psychol. 58, 697-721. doi: 10.1037/0003-066X.58.9.697
    • (2003) Am. Psychol , vol.58 , pp. 697-721
    • Kahneman, D.1
  • 39
    • 0000125532 scopus 로고
    • Prospect theory: an analysis of decision under risk
    • Kahneman, D., and Tversky, A. (1979). Prospect theory: an analysis of decision under risk. Econometrica 47, 263-292. doi: 10.2307/1914185
    • (1979) Econometrica , vol.47 , pp. 263-292
    • Kahneman, D.1    Tversky, A.2
  • 40
    • 78049250325 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Thinking with external representations
    • Kirsh, D. (2010). Thinking with external representations. AI Soc. 25, 441-454. doi: 10.1007/s00146-010-0272-8
    • (2010) AI Soc , vol.25 , pp. 441-454
    • Kirsh, D.1
  • 41
    • 84949488666 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • 'The importance of chance and interactivity in creativity,'
    • eds L. Malafouris, C. Gosden, and K. A. Overmann (Amsterdam: John Benjamins Publishing Company)
    • Kirsh, D. (2015). "The importance of chance and interactivity in creativity," in To Appear, Pragmatics & Cognition, Vol. 22, eds L. Malafouris, C. Gosden, and K. A. Overmann (Amsterdam: John Benjamins Publishing Company), 5-26.
    • (2015) To Appear, Pragmatics & Cognition , vol.22 , pp. 5-26
    • Kirsh, D.1
  • 42
    • 47749150648 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Naturalistic decision making
    • Klein, G. (2008). Naturalistic decision making. Hum. Factors 50, 456-460. doi: 10.1518/001872008X288385
    • (2008) Hum. Factors , vol.50 , pp. 456-460
    • Klein, G.1
  • 43
    • 30044449741 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cognitive linguistics, biology of cognition and biosemiotics: bridging the gaps
    • Kravchenko, A. (2006). Cognitive linguistics, biology of cognition and biosemiotics: bridging the gaps. Lang. Sci. 28, 51-75. doi: 10.1016/j.langsci.2005.02.002
    • (2006) Lang. Sci , vol.28 , pp. 51-75
    • Kravchenko, A.1
  • 44
    • 34547917222 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Essential properties of language, or, why language is not a code
    • Kravchenko, A. V. (2007). Essential properties of language, or, why language is not a code. Lang. Sci. 29, 650-671. doi: 10.1016/j.langsci.2007.01.004
    • (2007) Lang. Sci , vol.29 , pp. 650-671
    • Kravchenko, A.V.1
  • 45
    • 72549117078 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The experiential basis of speech and writing as different cognitive domains
    • Kravchenko, A. V. (2009). The experiential basis of speech and writing as different cognitive domains. Pragmat. Cogn. 17, 527-548. doi: 10.1075/pc.17.3.03kra
    • (2009) Pragmat. Cogn , vol.17 , pp. 527-548
    • Kravchenko, A.V.1
  • 50
    • 8744309355 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cognition and the language myth
    • Love, N. (2004). Cognition and the language myth. Lang. Sci. 26, 525-544. doi: 10.1016/j.langsci.2004.09.003
    • (2004) Lang. Sci , vol.26 , pp. 525-544
    • Love, N.1
  • 51
    • 72849140862 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Problems of citation analysis: a study of uncited and seldom-cited influences
    • MacRoberts, M. H., and MacRoberts, B. R. (2010). Problems of citation analysis: a study of uncited and seldom-cited influences. J. Am. Soc. Inform. Sci. Technol. 61, 1-12. doi: 10.1002/asi.21228
    • (2010) J. Am. Soc. Inform. Sci. Technol , vol.61 , pp. 1-12
    • MacRoberts, M.H.1    MacRoberts, B.R.2
  • 52
    • 84938419229 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Friends with benefits! Distributed cognition hooks up cognitive and social conceptions of science
    • Magnus, P. D., and McClamrock, R. (2015). Friends with benefits! Distributed cognition hooks up cognitive and social conceptions of science. Philos. Psychol. 28, 1114-1127. doi: 10.1080/09515089.2014.964857
    • (2015) Philos. Psychol , vol.28 , pp. 1114-1127
    • Magnus, P.D.1    McClamrock, R.2
  • 53
    • 43049090164 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Improving the peer-review process for grant applications: reliability, validity, bias, and generalizability
    • Marsh, H. W., Jayasinghe, U. W., and Bond, N. W. (2008). Improving the peer-review process for grant applications: reliability, validity, bias, and generalizability. Am. Psychol. 63, 160-168. doi: 10.1037/0003-066X.63.3.160
    • (2008) Am. Psychol , vol.63 , pp. 160-168
    • Marsh, H.W.1    Jayasinghe, U.W.2    Bond, N.W.3
  • 54
    • 0003036202 scopus 로고
    • 'Biology of language: the epistemology of reality,'
    • eds G. Miller and E. Lenneberg (New York, NY: Academic Press)
    • Maturana, H. R. (1978). "Biology of language: the epistemology of reality," in Psychology and Biology of Language and Thought, eds G. Miller and E. Lenneberg (New York, NY: Academic Press), 28-62.
    • (1978) Psychology and Biology of Language and Thought , pp. 28-62
    • Maturana, H.R.1
  • 56
    • 0001945277 scopus 로고
    • 'The Normative Structure of Science [1942] reprinted in Merton,'
    • ed. N. W. Storer (Chicago, IL: University of Chicago Press, 1973)
    • Merton, R. K. (1942). "The Normative Structure of Science [1942] reprinted in Merton," in The Sociology of Science, ed. N. W. Storer (Chicago, IL: University of Chicago Press, 1973).
    • (1942) The Sociology of Science
    • Merton, R.K.1
  • 57
    • 84861186857 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cambridge MA: Harvard University Press
    • Mirowski, P. (2011). Science-Mart. Cambridge MA: Harvard University Press.
    • (2011) Science-Mart
    • Mirowski, P.1
  • 59
    • 84913587203 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A framework to explore and develop criteria for assessing research quality in the humanities
    • Ochsner, M., and Hug, S. E. (2014). A framework to explore and develop criteria for assessing research quality in the humanities. Int. J. Educ. Law Policy 10, 55-68.
    • (2014) Int. J. Educ. Law Policy , vol.10 , pp. 55-68
    • Ochsner, M.1    Hug, S.E.2
  • 60
    • 84893811448 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Modelling the effects of subjective and objective decision making in scientific peer review
    • Park, I.-U., Peacey, M. W., and Munafo, M. R. (2014). Modelling the effects of subjective and objective decision making in scientific peer review. Nature 506, 93-96. doi: 10.1038/nature12786
    • (2014) Nature , vol.506 , pp. 93-96
    • Park, I.-U.1    Peacey, M.W.2    Munafo, M.R.3
  • 61
    • 0037617226 scopus 로고
    • eds M. Fisch, C. Kloesel, E. Moore, D. D. Roberts, L. A. Ziegler, and N. P. Atkinson (New York, NY: Indiana University Press)
    • Peirce, C. S. (1982). Writings of Charles S. Peirce: A chronological Edition. eds M. Fisch, C. Kloesel, E. Moore, D. D. Roberts, L. A. Ziegler, and N. P. Atkinson (New York, NY: Indiana University Press).
    • (1982) Writings of Charles S. Peirce: A chronological Edition
    • Peirce, C.S.1
  • 62
    • 79951790787 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The controversial policies of journal ratings: evaluating social sciences and humanities
    • Pontille, D., and Torny, D. (2010). The controversial policies of journal ratings: evaluating social sciences and humanities. Res. Eval. 19, 347-360. doi: 10.3152/095820210X12809191250889
    • (2010) Res. Eval , vol.19 , pp. 347-360
    • Pontille, D.1    Torny, D.2
  • 63
    • 84949659102 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • "Behind the scenes of scientific articles: defining categories of fraud and regulating cases,"
    • (Paris: Centre De Sociologie De L'innovation)
    • Pontille, D., and Torny, D. (2013). "Behind the scenes of scientific articles: defining categories of fraud and regulating cases," in CSI WORKING PAPERS 031 (Paris: Centre De Sociologie De L'innovation).
    • (2013) CSI WORKING PAPERS 031
    • Pontille, D.1    Torny, D.2
  • 64
    • 84940000100 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • From manuscript evaluation to article valuation: the changing technologies of journal peer review
    • Pontille, D., and Torny, D. (2015). From manuscript evaluation to article valuation: the changing technologies of journal peer review. Hum. Stud. 38, 57-79. doi: 10.1007/s10746-014-9335-z
    • (2015) Hum. Stud , vol.38 , pp. 57-79
    • Pontille, D.1    Torny, D.2
  • 66
    • 84859349720 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The evolution of language as controlled collectivity
    • Raczaszek-Leonardi, J., and Cowley, S. J. (2012). The evolution of language as controlled collectivity. Interact. Stud. 13, 1-16. doi: 10.1075/is.13.1.01rac
    • (2012) Interact. Stud , vol.13 , pp. 1-16
    • Raczaszek-Leonardi, J.1    Cowley, S.J.2
  • 67
    • 84949665478 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Curbing academic predators: JoTT's policy regarding citation of publications from predatory journals
    • Raghavan, R., Dahanukar, N., and Molur, S. (2015). Curbing academic predators: JoTT's policy regarding citation of publications from predatory journals. J. Threat. Taxa 7, 7609-7611. doi: 10.11609/JoTT.o4388.7609-11
    • (2015) J. Threat. Taxa , vol.7 , pp. 7609-7611
    • Raghavan, R.1    Dahanukar, N.2    Molur, S.3
  • 69
    • 0004230591 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press
    • Readings, B. (1996). The University in Ruins. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.
    • (1996) The University in Ruins
    • Readings, B.1
  • 70
    • 79951791271 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Peer review practices: a content analysis of peer reviews in science funding
    • Reinhart, M. (2010). Peer review practices: a content analysis of peer reviews in science funding. Res. Eval. 19, 317-331. doi: 10.1186/gb-2014-15-3-r53
    • (2010) Res. Eval , vol.19 , pp. 317-331
    • Reinhart, M.1
  • 72
    • 84871201409 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Fraud Scandal in Debate Over Practices of Social Psychology
    • Shea, C. (2011). Fraud Scandal in Debate Over Practices of Social Psychology. The Chronicle of Higher Education. Available at: http://chronicle.com/article/As-Dutch-Research-Scandal/129746
    • (2011) The Chronicle of Higher Education
    • Shea, C.1
  • 74
    • 0003311857 scopus 로고
    • Bounded rationality and organizational learning
    • Simon, H. A. (1991). Bounded rationality and organizational learning. Organ. Sci. 2, 125-134. doi: 10.1287/orsc.2.1.125
    • (1991) Organ. Sci , vol.2 , pp. 125-134
    • Simon, H.A.1
  • 76
    • 0004281462 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cambridge: Cambridge University Press
    • Snow, C. P. (2012). The Two Cultures. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
    • (2012) The Two Cultures
    • Snow, C.P.1
  • 77
    • 84870328312 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Does incentive provision increase the quality of peer review?
    • Squazzoni, F., Bravo, G., and Takács, K. (2013). Does incentive provision increase the quality of peer review? An experimental study. Res. Policy 42, 287-294. doi: 10.1016/j.respol.2012.04.014
    • (2013) An experimental study. Res. Policy , vol.42 , pp. 287-294
    • Squazzoni, F.1    Bravo, G.2    Takács, K.3
  • 78
    • 85047683036 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Language, languaging, and the extended mind hypothesis
    • Steffensen, S. V. (2009). Language, languaging, and the extended mind hypothesis. Pragmat. Cogn. 17, 677-697. doi: 10.1075/pc.17.3.10ste
    • (2009) Pragmat. Cogn , vol.17 , pp. 677-697
    • Steffensen, S.V.1
  • 79
    • 84887204594 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • 'Human interactivity: problem-solving, solution-probing and verbal patterns in the wild,'
    • eds S. J. Cowley and F. Vallée-Tourangeau (London: Springer)
    • Steffensen, S. V. (2013). "Human interactivity: problem-solving, solution-probing and verbal patterns in the wild," in Cognition Beyond the Brain: Computation, Inteactivity and Human Artifice, eds S. J. Cowley and F. Vallée-Tourangeau (London: Springer), 195-221.
    • (2013) Cognition Beyond the Brain: Computation, Inteactivity and Human Artifice , pp. 195-221
    • Steffensen, S.V.1
  • 80
    • 84903035283 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Improving Decisions About Health, Wealth, and Happiness. New Haven, CT: Yale University Press
    • Thaler, R. H., and Sunstein, C. R. (2008). Nudge. Improving Decisions About Health, Wealth, and Happiness. New Haven, CT: Yale University Press.
    • (2008) Nudge
    • Thaler, R.H.1    Sunstein, C.R.2
  • 81
    • 79960867039 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • First-order languaging dynamics and second-order language: the distributed language view
    • Thibault, P. J. (2011). First-order languaging dynamics and second-order language: the distributed language view. Ecol. Psychol. 23, 210-245. doi: 10.1080/10407413.2011.591274
    • (2011) Ecol. Psychol , vol.23 , pp. 210-245
    • Thibault, P.J.1
  • 82
    • 79955781225 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Inhibitory spillover increased urination urgency facilitates impulse control in unrelated domains
    • Tuk, M. A., Trampe, D., and Warlop, L. (2011). Inhibitory spillover increased urination urgency facilitates impulse control in unrelated domains. Psychol. Sci. 22, 627-633. doi: 10.1177/0956797611404901
    • (2011) Psychol. Sci , vol.22 , pp. 627-633
    • Tuk, M.A.1    Trampe, D.2    Warlop, L.3


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.