Dynamic coupling between electrode interface and donor/acceptor interface via charge dissociation in organic solar cells at device-operating condition

Journal of Physical Chemistry C

Volumn 119, Issue 5, 2015, Pages 2727-2732

  Wu, Ting ^a   Hsiao, Yu Che ^a   Li, Mingxing ^a   Kang, Nam Goo ^b   Mays, Jimmy W ^b   Hu, Bin ^a  

^a University of Tennessee   (United States)

^b UNIVERSITY OF TENNESSEE   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

BINDING ENERGY; CELL ENGINEERING; CHARGE TRANSFER; ELECTRODES; HETEROJUNCTIONS; POLYELECTROLYTES; SEMICONDUCTOR QUANTUM WELLS; SOLAR CELLS; SOLAR POWER GENERATION;

CHARGE TRANSFER STATE; DONOR/ACCEPTOR INTERFACE; ELECTRODE INTERFACE; OPERATING CONDITION; ORGANIC BULK-HETEROJUNCTION SOLAR CELLS; ORGANIC SOLAR CELL; PHOTO-VOLTAIC EFFICIENCY; PHOTOVOLTAIC PROCESS;

INTERFACE STATES;

EID: 84949117628     PISSN: 19327447     EISSN: 19327455     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcc.5b00082     Document Type: Article

References (58)

1. Park, S. H.; Roy, A.; Beaupré, S.; Cho, S.; Coates, N.; Moon, J. S.; Moses, D.; Leclerc, M.; Lee, K.; Heeger, A. J. Bulk Heterojunction Solar Cells with Internal Quantum Efficiency Approaching 100% Nat. Photonics 2009, 3, 297-302
2. Zhao, G.; He, Y.; Li, Y. 6.5% Efficiency of Polymer Solar Cells based on Poly(3-hexylthiophene) and Indene-C(60) Bisadduct by Device Optimization Adv. Mater. 2010, 22, 4355-4358
3. Su, M. S.; Kuo, C. Y.; Yuan, M. C.; Jeng, U. S.; Su, C. J.; Wei, K. H. Improving Device Efficiency of Polymer/Fullerene Bulk Heterojunction Solar Cells through Enhanced Crystallinity and Reduced Grain Boundaries Induced by Solvent Additives Adv. Mater. 2011, 23, 3315-3319
4. He, Z.; Zhong, C.; Su, S.; Xu, M.; Wu, H.; Cao, Y. Enhanced Power-Conversion Efficiency in Polymer Solar Cells Using An Inverted Device Structure Nat. Photonics 2012, 6, 591-595
5. You, J.; Dou, L.; Yoshimura, K.; Kato, T.; Ohya, K.; Moriarty, T.; Emery, K.; Chen, C. C.; Gao, J.; Li, G. A Polymer Tandem Solar Cell with 10.6% Power Conversion Efficiency Nat. Commun. 2013, 4, 1446
6. Lu, L.; Yu, L. Understanding Low Bandgap Polymer PTB7 and Optimizing Polymer Solar Cells Based on It Adv. Mater. 2014, 26, 4413-4430
7. Lu, L.; Xu, T.; Chen, W.; Landry, E. S.; Yu, L. Ternary Blend Polymer Solar Cells with Enhanced Power Conversion Efficiency Nat. Photonics 2014, 8, 716-722
8. Khodabakhsh, S.; Sanderson, B. M.; Nelson, J.; Jones, T. S. Using Self-Assembling Dipole Molecules to Improve Charge Collection in Molecular Solar Cells Adv. Funct. Mater. 2006, 16, 95-100
9. 3 Adv. Funct. Mater. 2013, 23, 215-226
10. Boix, P. P.; Ajuria, J.; Etxebarria, I.; Pacios, R.; Garcia-Belmonte, G.; Bisquert, J. Role of ZnO Electron-Selective Layers in Regular and Inverted Bulk Heterojunction Solar Cells J. Phys. Chem. Lett. 2011, 2, 407-411
11. He, Z.; Zhong, C.; Huang, X.; Wong, W.-Y.; Wu, H.; Chen, L.; Su, S.; Cao, Y. Simultaneous Enhancement of Open-Circuit Voltage, Short-Circuit Current Density, and Fill Factor in Polymer Solar Cells Adv. Mater. 2011, 23, 4636-4643
12. Hsiao, Y.-C.; Zang, H.; Ivanov, I.; Xu, T.; Lu, L.; Yu, L.; Hu, B. Dielectric Interface Effects on Surface Charge Accumulation and Collection towards High-Efficiency Organic Solar Cells J. Appl. Phys. 2014, 115, 154506
13. Yuan, Y.; Reece, T. J.; Sharma, P.; Poddar, S.; Ducharme, S.; Gruverman, A.; Yang, Y.; Huang, J. Efficiency Enhancement in Organic Solar Cells with Ferroelectric Polymers Nat. Mater. 2011, 10, 296-302
14. Yip, H.-L.; Jen, A. K. Y. Recent Advances in Solution-Processed Interfacial Materials for Efficient and Stable Polymer Solar Cells Energy Environ. Sci. 2012, 5, 5994-6011
15. Huang, J.; Xu, Z.; Yang, Y. Low-Work-Function Surface Formed by Solution-Processed and Thermally Deposited Nanoscale Layers of Cesium Carbonate Adv. Funct. Mater. 2007, 17, 1966-1973
16. Prada, S.; Martinez, U.; Pacchioni, G. Work Function Changes Induced by Deposition of Ultrathin Dielectric Films on Metals: A Theoretical Analysis Phys. Rev. B 2008, 78, 235423
17. 2 Buffer Layer Used for Improving the Performance of Organic Photovoltaics ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces 2011, 3, 1063-1067
18. Gunes, S.; Neugebauer, H.; Sariciftci, N. S. Conjugated Olymer-Based Organic Solar Cells Chem. Rev. 2007, 107, 1324-1338
19. Deibel, C.; Strobel, T.; Dyakonov, V. Role of the Charge Transfer State in Organic Donor-Acceptor Solar Cells Adv. Mater. 2010, 22, 4097-4111
20. Thompson, B. C.; Frechet, J. M. Polymer-Fullerene Composite Solar Cells Angew. Chem., Int. Ed. 2008, 47, 58-77
21. Zhou, Y.; Tvingstedt, K.; Zhang, F.; Du, C.; Ni, W.-X.; Andersson, M. R.; Inganäs, O. Observation of a Charge Transfer State in Low-Bandgap Polymer/Fullerene Blend Systems by Photoluminescence and Electroluminescence Studies Adv. Funct. Mater. 2009, 19, 3293-3299
22. Tvingstedt, K.; Vandewal, K.; Gadisa, A.; Zhang, F.; Manca, J.; Inganas, O. Electroluminescence from charge transfer states in polymer solar cells J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2009, 131, 11819-24
23. Chen, H.; Hu, S.; Zang, H.; Hu, B.; Dadmun, M. Precise Structural Development and its Correlation to Function in Conjugated Polymer: Fullerene Thin Films by Controlled Solvent Annealing Adv. Funct. Mater. 2013, 23, 1701-1710
24. Chen, H.; Peet, J.; Hu, S.; Azoulay, J.; Bazan, G.; Dadmun, M. The Role of Fullerene Mixing Behavior in the Performance of Organic Photovoltaics: PCBM in Low-Bandgap Polymers Adv. Funct. Mater. 2014, 24, 140-150
25. Kim, J. Y.; Kim, S. H.; Lee, H. H.; Lee, K.; Ma, W.; Gong, X.; Heeger, A. J. New Architecture for High-Efficiency Polymer Photovoltaic Cells Using Solution-Based Titanium Oxide as an Optical Spacer Adv. Mater. 2006, 18, 572-576
26. Westenhoff, S.; Howard, I. A.; Friend, R. H. Probing the Morphology and Energy Landscape of Blends of Conjugated Polymers with Sub-10 nm Resolution Phys. Rev. Lett. 2008, 101, 016102
27. Clarke, T. M.; Durrant, J. R. Charge Photogeneration in Organic Solar Cells Chem. Rev. 2010, 110, 6736-6767
28. Bakulin, A. A.; Rao, A.; Pavelyev, V. G.; van Loosdrecht, P. H.; Pshenichnikov, M. S.; Niedzialek, D.; Cornil, J.; Beljonne, D.; Friend, R. H. The Role of Driving Energy and Delocalized States for Charge Separation in Organic Semiconductors Science 2012, 335, 1340-1344
29. Campoy-Quiles, M.; Ferenczi, T.; Agostinelli, T.; Etchegoin, P. G.; Kim, Y.; Anthopoulos, T. D.; Stavrinou, P. N.; Bradley, D. D.; Nelson, J. Morphology Evolution via Self-Organization and Lateral and Vertical Diffusion in Polymer:Fullerene Solar Cell Blends Nat. Mater. 2008, 7, 158-164
30. Park, L. Y.; Munro, A. M.; Ginger, D. S. Controlling Film Morphology in Conjugated Polymer:Fullerene Blends with Surface Patterning J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2008, 130, 15916-15926
31. Bulliard, X.; Ihn, S.-G.; Yun, S.; Kim, Y.; Choi, D.; Choi, J.-Y.; Kim, M.; Sim, M.; Park, J.-H.; Choi, W. Enhanced Performance in Polymer Solar Cells by Surface Energy Control Adv. Funct. Mater. 2010, 20, 4381-4387
32. Morteani, A.; Sreearunothai, P.; Herz, L.; Friend, R.; Silva, C. Exciton Regeneration at Polymeric Semiconductor Heterojunctions Phys. Rev. Lett. 2004, 92, 247402
33. Zang, H.; Xu, Z.; Hu, B. Magneto-Optical Investigations on the Formation and Dissociation of Intermolecular Charge-Transfer Complexes at Donor-Acceptor Interfaces in Bulk-Heterojunction Organic Solar Cells J. Phys. Chem. B 2010, 114, 5704-5709
34. Gélinas, S.; Paré-Labrosse, O.; Brosseau, C.-N.; Albert-Seifried, S.; McNeill, C. R.; Kirov, K. R.; Howard, I. A.; Leonelli, R.; Friend, R. H.; Silva, C. The Binding Energy of Charge-Transfer Excitons Localized at Polymeric Semiconductor Heterojunctions J. Phys. Chem. C 2011, 115, 7114-7119
35. Zang, H.; Liang, Y.; Yu, L.; Hu, B. Intra-Molecular Donor-Acceptor Interaction Effects on Charge Dissociation, Charge Transport, and Charge Collection in Bulk-Heterojunction Organic Solar Cells Adv. Energy Mater. 2011, 1, 923-929
36. Hsieh, S.-N.; Hsiao, S.-W.; Chen, T.-Y.; Li, C.-Y.; Lee, C.-H.; Guo, T.-F.; Hsu, Y.-J.; Lin, T.-L.; Wei, Y.; Wen, T.-C. Self-Assembled Tetraoctylammonium Bromide as an Electron-Injection Layer for Cathode-Independent High-Efficiency Polymer Light-Emitting Diodes J. Mater. Chem. 2011, 21, 8715-8720
37. Li, M.; Wang, H.; He, L.; Zang, H.; Xu, H.; Hu, B. Optically tunable spin-exchange energy at donor:acceptor interfaces in organic solar cells Appl. Phys. Lett. 2014, 105, 023302
38. Knapp, E.-W.; Schulten, K. Magnetic Field Effect on the Hyperfine-Induced Electron Spin Motion in Radicals Undergoing Diamagnetic-Paramagnetic Exchange J. Chem. Phys. 1979, 71, 1878-1883
39. Musewald, C.; Gilch, P.; Hartwich, G.; Pöllinger-Dammer, F.; Scheer, H.; Michel-Beyerle, M. E. Magnetic Field Dependence of Ultrafast Intersystem-Crossing: A Triplet Mechanism on the Picosecond Time Scale' J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1999, 121, 8876-8881
40. Heberle, A. P.; Haacke, S.; Oestreich, M.; Potemski, M.; Ruhle, W. W.; Maan, J. C.; Kohler, K.; Weimann, G.; Queisser, H. J. Time-Resolved Luminescence of Semiconductor Heterostructures in High Magnetic-Fields Physica B 1995, 204, 332-338
41. Reufer, M.; Walter, M. J.; Lagoudakis, P. G.; Hummel, A. B.; Kolb, J. S.; Roskos, H. G.; Scherf, U.; Lupton, J. M. Spin-Conserving Carrier Recombination in Conjugated Polymers Nat. Mater. 2005, 4, 340-346
42. Macia, F.; Wang, F.; Harmon, N. J.; Kent, A. D.; Wohlgenannt, M.; Flatte, M. E. Organic magnetoelectroluminescence for room temperature transduction between magnetic and optical information Nat. Commun. 2014, 5, 3609-3616
43. Xu, Z.; Hu, B. Photovoltaic Processes of Singlet and Triplet Excited States in Organic Solar Cells Adv. Funct. Mater. 2008, 18, 2611-2617
44. Yan, L.; Shao, M.; Graeff, C. F. O.; Hummelgen, I.; Ma, D. M.; Hu, B. Changing Inter-Molecular Spin-Orbital Coupling for Generating Magnetic Field Effects in Phosphorescent Organic Semiconductors Appl. Phys. Lett. 2012, 100, 013301
45. Turro, N. J.; Kraeutler, B. Magnetic field and magnetic isotope effects in organic photochemical reactions. A novel probe of reaction mechanisms and a method for enrichment of magnetic isotopes Acc. Chem. Res. 1980, 13, 369-377
46. Wohlgenannt, M.; Tandon, K.; Mazumdar, S.; Ramasesha, S.; Vardeny, Z. V. Formation cross-sections of singlet and triplet excitons in [pi]-conjugated polymers Nature 2001, 409, 494-497
47. 3 Chem. Phys. Lett. 2003, 378, 380-387
48. Wohlgenannt, M.; Vardeny, Z. V. Spin-Dependent Exciton Formation Rates in Conjugated Materials J. Phys.: Condens. Matter 2003, 15, R83-R107
49. Brocklehurst, B.; Dixon, R. S.; Gardy, E. M.; Lopata, V. J.; Quinn, M. J.; Singh, A.; Sargent, F. P. The effect of a magnetic field on the singlet/triplet ratio in geminate ion recombination Chem. Phys. Lett. 1974, 28, 361-363
50. Zang, H.; Yan, L.; Li, M.; He, L.; Gai, Z.; Ivanov, I.; Wang, M.; Chiang, L.; Urbas, A.; Hu, B. Magneto-dielectric effects induced by optically-generated intermolecular charge-transfer states in organic semiconducting materials Sci. Rep. 2013, 3, 2812
51. He, L.; Li, M.; Urbas, A.; Hu, B. Magnetophotoluminescence line-shape narrowing through interactions between excited states in organic semiconducting materials Phys. Rev. B 2014, 89, 155304
52. Hu, B.; Yan, L.; Shao, M. Magnetic-Field Effects in Organic Semiconducting Materials and Devices Adv. Mater. 2009, 21, 1500-1516
53. Hadziioannou, G.; Stein, R. S. Neutron Scattering Studies of Dimensions and of Interactions between Components in Polystyrene/Poly(vinyl methyl ether) and Poly(vinylidene fluoride)/Poly(methyl methacrylate) Amorphous Blends Macromolecules 1984, 17, 567-573
54. Jo, W. H.; Yoon, J. T.; Lee, S. C. Miscibility of Poly(vinylidene fluoride) and Poly(styrene-co-methyl methacrylate) Blends Polym. J. 1991, 23, 1243-1247
55. Nalwa, H. S. Ferroelectric Polymers: Chemistry, Physics, and Applications; Marcel Dekker Inc.: New York, 1995.
56. Zhao, C.; Qiao, X.; Chen, B.; Hu, B. Thermal Annealing Effect on Internal Electrical Polarization in Organic Solar Cells Org. Electron. 2013, 14, 2192-2197
57. Perrier, G.; de Bettignies, R.; Berson, S.; Lemaître, N.; Guillerez, S. Impedance Spectrometry of Optimized Standard and Inverted P3HT-PCBM Organic Solar Cells Sol. Energy Mater. Sol. Cells 2012, 101, 210-216
58. 2(F) Conducting Substrates J. Electrochem. Soc. 2003, 150, E293