Does a transition in education equate to a transition in practice? Thai stakeholder's perceptions of the introduction of the Doctor of Pharmacy programme

BMC Medical Education

Volumn 15, Issue 1, 2015, Pages

  Chanakit, Teeraporn ^a   Low, Bee Yean ^b   Wongpoowarak, Payom ^c   Moolasarn, Summana ^d   Anderson, Claire ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF NOTTINGHAM   (United Kingdom)

^b UNIVERSITY OF NOTTINGHAM MALAYSIA CAMPUS   (Malaysia)

^c PRINCE OF SONGKLA UNIVERSITY   (Thailand)

^d UBON RATCHATHANI UNIVERSITY   (Thailand)

Author keywords

A qualitative study; Perceptions; PharmD programme; Preceptors; Stakeholders; Thailand; Transition; Workforce

Indexed keywords

CLINICAL COMPETENCE; CURRICULUM; EDUCATION; HEALTH PERSONNEL ATTITUDE; HUMAN; INTERVIEW; PHARMACY; QUALITATIVE RESEARCH; STANDARDS; THAILAND; TRENDS;

ATTITUDE OF HEALTH PERSONNEL; CLINICAL COMPETENCE; CURRICULUM; EDUCATION, PHARMACY, GRADUATE; HUMANS; INTERVIEWS AS TOPIC; PHARMACEUTICAL SERVICES; QUALITATIVE RESEARCH; THAILAND;

EID: 84947761516     PISSN: None     EISSN: 14726920     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1186/s12909-015-0473-4     Document Type: Article

References (118)

1. Anderson C, Bates I, Brock T, Brown AN, Bruno A, Futter B, et al. Needs-based education in the context of globalization. Am J Pharm Educ. 2012;76(4):56.
2. Rouse M, Meštrovic A. Quality assurance of pharmacy education: the FIP Global Framework. The Hague, The Netherlands: International Pharmaceutical Federation (FIP); 2014.
3. Anderson C, Futter B. PharmD or needs based education: which comes first? Am J Pharm Educ. 2009;73(5):92.
4. FIP. 2012 FIP Global Pharmacy: Workforce report. International Pharmaceutical Federation (FIP), The Hague, The Natherlands. 2012. URL: www.fip.org/static/fipeducation/2012/FIP-Workforce-Report-2012/?page=hr2012. Accessed December 10 2013.
5. Manasse HR. Perpectives on the global evolution and development of pharmacy. Am J Health-Syst Pharm. 2013;70(8):675-9.
6. Anderson C, Bates I, Futter B, Gal D, Rouse M, Whitmarsh S. Global perspectives of pharmacy education and practice. World Med & Health Policy. 2010;2(1):2.
7. Frankel G, Louizos C, Austin Z. Canadian educational approaches for the advancement of pharmacy practice. Am J Pharm Educ. 2014;78(7):143.
8. Yoo S, Song S, Lee S, Kwon K, Kim E. Addressing the academic gap between 4- and 6-year pharmacy programs in South Korea. Am J Pharm Educ. 2014;78(8):149.
9. Austin Z, Ensom MHH. Education of Pharmacists in Canada. Am J Pharm Educ. 2008;72(6):128.
10. Kishi DT. Japanese pharmaceutical education: impications for Americans teaching Japanese pharmacy students. Am J Health Syst Pharm. 2001;58(11):1032-5.
11. Lin Y-Y. Evolution of Pharm D education and patient service in the USA. J Exp Clin Med. 2012;4(4):227-30.
12. Amir M. The after effects of implementing the PharmD degree in developing countries. Am J Pharm Educ. 2011;75(6):124. Letter.
13. Jamshed S, Babar ZUD, Masood I. The PharmD degree in developing countries. Am J Pharm Educ. 2007;71(6):125. Letter.
14. Ghayur MN. Pharmacy education in developing countries: need for a change. Am J Pharm Educ. 2008;72(4):94.
15. Thomas D, Paul MC, Sumitha C. Genesis and development of pharmacy education and Pharm D in Asia. Int J Pharm Ther. 2011;2(2):61-7.
16. Ahmed SI, Hassali MAA. The controversy of PharmD degree. Am J Pharm Educ. 2008;72(3):71. Letter.
17. Pramyothin P. Archives of 100 years Pharmacy Profession. Bangkok: Pharmacy for society foundation (PSF); 2013.
18. Pongcharoensuk P, Prakongpan S. Centennial pharmacy education in Thailand. J Asian Assoc Schools Pharm. 2012;1(1):8-15.
19. Kapol N, Maitreemit P, Pongcharoensuk P, Armstrong E. Evaluation of curricula content based on Thai pharmacy competency standards. Am J Pharm Educ. 2008;72(1):9.
20. Sonthisombat P. Pharmacy student and preceptor perceptions of preceptor teaching behaviors. Am J Pharm Educ. 2008;72(5):110.
21. Srisopa S, Asuphon O, Montakantikul P. Role of clinical pharmacists for managing infectious diseases in Thailand. J Infect Dis Antimicrob Agents. 2012;29(3):105-12.
22. Keokitichai S. Emerging core curriculum: assertive strategies in pharmacy education, research and practices. FIP's World Congress of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, 31 August - 4 September 2014 Bangkok, Thailand: 2014.
23. Sumpradit N, Suttajit S, Hunnangkul S, Wisaijohn T, Putthasri W. Comparison of self-reported professional competency across pharmacy education programs: a survey of Thai pharmacy graduates enrolled in the public service program. Adv Med Educ Pract. 2014;5:347-57.
24. The past, current status and future trends of pharmacy education in Thailand. In: Tassaneeyakul W, Suthisisang C, Paeratakul O, Sornlertlamvanich K, Napaporn J, Kongkaew C, editors. The General Assembly of Thai Pharmacy to Mark 100 Years of Pharmaceutical Practice and Studies in Thailand; Bangkok, Thailand 2013.
25. Faculty of Pharmacy Mahidol University. Brief History of Pharmacy Education in Thailand. 2013. URL: www.pharmacy.mahidol.ac.th/eng/aboutus.php. Accessed March 14 2014.
26. Nawanopparatsakul S, Keokitichai S, Wiyakarn S, Chantaraskul C. Challenges of pharmacy education in Thailand. Silpakorn University International Journal. 2009-2010; 9-10:19-39.
27. The Royal Thai Government Gazette. The Medical Professions Act of 1936. 1937. URL: www.ratchakitcha.soc.go.th/DATA/PDF/2480/A/160.PDF. Accessed 06 March 2014.
28. rd April. The Pharmacy Council of Thailand's regulation about accredited pharmacy degree 2008. URL: www.pharmacycouncil.org/share/file/file-269.pdf. Accessed March 12 2014.
29. Pitaknitinun K, Jongsirilerd P. The coorperation project of the development and establish of curriculum of Master degree in clinical pharmacy in module system by Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Khon Kaen University, Chiangmai Univeristy, Silpakorn Univesity and Prince of Songkla University and Bureau of Health Service System Development, Department of Health Service Support. Ministry of Public Health. IJPS. 2008;4(2):1-12.
30. Pramyothin P, Sripanidkulchai B, Thirawarapan S, Khunkitti W. Strategies for managing pharmacy education in next two decades: Ministry of University Affairs, Thailand 1999.
31. College of Pharmacy University of Minnesota. Around the Globe: U.S.-Thai consortium helps improve pharmacy education in Thailand. Pharmacy Record. 2011.
32. Millard WJ, Kemp D. U.S.-Thai consortium activities. In: Office of research and graduate studies 2004-2005 Annual report. Florida: College of Pharmacy, University of Florida; 2005.
33. Sakolchai S. Challenging issues for higher education: How do Thai schools of pharmacy prepare themselves? 2004 US-Thai consortium meeting: A celebration of a decade of collaboration. Chicago, Illinois: US-Thai consortium; 2004.
34. Srichana T. Overview of the activites of US-Thai consortium on pharmacy education. 2012.
35. Sripanidkulchai B. U.S.-Thai consortium and development of pharmacy education in Thailand. In: American Association of Colleges of Pharmacy (AACP) meeting. Chicago: American Association of Colleges of Pharmacy; 2008.
36. Titwan A. Pharmacy education in Thailand: past-present-future. 2004 US-Thai consortium meeting: A celebration of a decade of collaboration. Chicago, Illinois: US-Thai consortium; 2004.
37. Chanakit T, Low BY, Wongpoowarak P, Moolasarn S, Anderson C. A survey of pharmacy education in Thailand. Am J Pharm Educ. 2014;78(9):161.
38. Matichon. Pharmacy curriculum change to a six-year programme across Thailand start from 2009. Matichon. 2007; p. 27.
39. Hill DS. The "Entry-Level" Doctor of Pharmacy (Pharm.D.) Degree Issue for Schools of Pharmacy in Canada. Association of Faculties of Pharmacy of Canada: Background Paper; 1999.
40. Carroll NV, Erwin WG, Beaman MA. A Comparison of practice patterns and job satisfaction of California and non-California PharmD graduates: Some implications for the entry level PharmD issue. Am J Pharm Educ. 1984;48(3):236-8.
41. Koda-Kimble M, Herfindal E, Shimomura S, Adler D, Bernstein L. Practice patterns, attitudes, and activities of University of California Pharm.D. graduates. Am J Hosp Pharm. 1985;42(11):2463-71.
42. Ried L, McGhan W. PharmD or BS: Does the degree really make a difference in pharmacists' job satisfaction. Am J Pharm Educ. 1986;50(1):1-5.
43. Barnett C, Matthews H. Practice patterns of BS, postbaccalaureate PharmD and entry-level PharmD graduates of one school of pharmacy. Am J Pharm Educ. 1992;56(4):367-73.
44. Fjortoft N, Lee M. Comparison of activities and attitudes of baccalaureate level and entry-level doctor of pharmacy graduates of the University of Illinois at Chicago. Ann Pharmacother. 1995;29:977-82.
45. Koleba T, Marin JG, Jewesson PJ. Entry-level PharmD degree programs in Canada: some facts and stakeholder opinions. Can Pharm J. 2006;139(6):42-50.
46. Mort JR, Houglum JE, Kaatz B. Use of Outcomes in the Development of an Entry Level PharmD Curriculum. Am J Pharm Ed. 1995;59:327-33.
47. Wongpoowarak P, Sitaruno S, Puttarak P, La-ongkaew S, editors. Stakeholders satisfaction toward the PharmD graduates of Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Prince of Songkla University. Southern Pharmacy Symposium 2013; Prince of Songkhla University International Convention Centre, Prince of Songkla University.
48. PharmaCafe.com. The Pharmacy Council will have policy for all 6 year PharmD programme;. 2008. URL: www.pharmacafe.com/board/viewtopic.php?f=31&t=19702&start=180. Accessed 23 April 2014) [in Thai].
49. ASTV Manager Online. Pharmacy oppose the transition to a six-year pharmacy curriculum. ASTV Manager Online2009.
50. The Pharmacy Council of Thailand. The core pharmacy course structure guideline. 2012. URL: www.pharmacycouncil.org/share/file/file-193.pdf. Accessed October 10 2013.
51. Anderson C. Education trends, innovations and transformations - case studies. In: Bruno A, editor. 2013 FIDEd Global Education Report. The Natherlands: International Pharmaceutical Federation (FIP); 2013. p. 24-33.
52. The Pharmacy Council of Thailand. Competency in industrial pharmacy. The Pharmacy Council of Thailand. 2013. URL: www.pharmacycouncil.org/share/file/file-469.pdf. Accessed 20 March 2014.
53. The Pharmacy Council of Thailand. Thai Pharmacy Competency Standards. The Pharmacy Council of Thailand. 2012. URL: www.pharmacycouncil.org/share/file/file-195.pdf. Accessed 20 March 2014.
54. Bates I, Bruno A, Arakawa N. Global education description: 2013 FIPEd Global Education Report. In: 2013 FIPEd Global Education Report. International Pharmaceutical Federation, The Natherlands. 2013. URL: www.fip.org/files/fip/FIPEd-Global-Education-Report-2013.pdf. Accessed March 06 2014.
55. Hoat LN, Viet NL, Wilt G, Broerse J, Ruitenberg E, Wright E. Motivation of university and non-university stakeholders to change medical education in Vietnam. BMC Med Educ. 2009;9:49.
56. Anderson C, Brock T, Bates I, Rouse M, Marriott J, Manasse H, et al. Transforming Health Professional Education. Am J Pharm Educ. 2011;75:2.
57. Kirschenbaum HL, Brown ME, Kalis MM. Programmatic curricular outcomes assessment at colleges and schools of pharmacy in the United States and Puerto Rico. Am J Pharm Educ. 2006;70(1):8.
58. MacCarrick G. Curriculum reform: a narrated journey. Med Educ. 2009;43:979-88.
59. Hinton L, Kurinczuk JJ, Ziebland S. Reassured or fobbed off? Perspectives on infertility consultations in primary care: a qualitative study. Br J Gen Pract. 2012;62(599):e438-45.
60. Harvey J, Avery AJ, Ashcroft D, Boyd M, Phipps DL, Barber N. Exploring safety systems for dispensing in community pharmacies: focusing on how staff relate to organizational components. Res Social Adm Pharm. 2015;11(2):216-27.
61. Guion LA. Triangulation: establishing the validity of qualitative studies. Department of Family, Youth and Community Sciences, Florida Cooperative Extension Service, Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences, University of Florida. 2002. URL: www.rayman-bacchus.net/uploads/documents/Triangulation.pdf. Accessed 10 September 2015.
62. Creswell JW. Qualitative Inquiry and Research Design: Choosing Among Five Approaches. Thousand Oaks, CA: SAGE publications, Inc; 2013.
63. Illing JC, Morrow GM, Kergon CRRn, Burford BC, Baldauf BK, Davies CL et al. Perceptions of UK medical graduates' perparedness for practice: a multi-centre qualitative study reflecting the importance of learning on the job. BMC Med Educ. 2013;13(34). doi: 10.1186/1472-6920-13-34.
64. Hinton L, Locock L, Knight M. Maternal critical care: what can we learn from patient experience? A qualitative study. BMJ Open. 2015;5(4):e006676. doi: 10.1136/bmjopen-2014-006676.
65. Hinton L, Locock L, Knight M. Partner experiences of Near-Miss events in pregnancy and childbirth in the UK: a qualitative study. PLOS ONE. 2014;9(4):e91735.
66. Glaser BG, Strauss AL. The discovery of grounded theory: strategies for qualitative research. London: AldineTransaction; 1967.
67. Charmaz K. Constructing grounded theory: a practical guide through qualitative analysis. London: SAGE Publications Ltd; 2006.
68. Flick U. An introduction to qualitative research. London: Sage Publications Ltd; 2009.
69. Lee ML, Hassali MA, Shafie AA. A qualitative exploration of the reasons for the discontinuation of smoking cessation treatment among quit smoking clinics' defaulters and health care providers in Malaysia. Res Social Adm Pharm. 2013;9(4):405-18.
70. Corden A, Sainsbury R. Using verbatim quotations in reporting qualitative social research: researchers' views. Social policy research unit: University of York; 2006.
71. Lincoln YS, Guba EG. Naturalistic inquiry. Newbury Park: Sage Publications; 1985.
72. Guba EG. ERIC/ECTJ Annual Review Paper: Criteria for asessing the trustworthiness of naturalistic inquiries. Educational Communication and Technology. 1981;29(2):75-91.
73. Gill PJ, Hislop J, Mant D, Harnden A. General practitioners' views on quality markers for children in UK primary care: a qualitative study. BMC Family Practice 2012; 13(92). doi: 10.1186/1471-2296-13-92.
74. Larson ML. Meaning-based translation: a guide to cross-language equivalence. 2nd ed. New York: University Press of American, Inc.; 1998.
75. Chen H, Boore JR. Translation and back-translation in qualitative nursing research: methodological review. J Clin Nurs. 2010;19(1-2):234-9.
76. Squires A. Methodological challenges in cross-language qualitative research: a research review. Int J Nurs Stud. 2009;46(2):277-87. doi: 10.1016/j.ijnurstu.2008.08.006.
77. Kamarudin G, Penm J, Chaar B, Moles R. Preparing hospital pharmacists to prescribe: stakeholders' views of postgraduate courses. Int J Pharm Pract. 2013;21(4):243-51.
78. Fereday J, Muir-Cochrane E. Demonstrating rigor using thematic analysis: a hybrid approach of inductive and deductive coding and theme development. International Journal of Qualitative Methods. 2006;5(1):80-92.
79. Whiteley A. Grouned research: A modified grounded theory for the business setting. Graduate School of Business Working Paper Series: no.19. Curtin University of Technology, Graduate School of Business; 2000.
80. Saleh AM, Shabila NP, Dabbagh AA, Al-Tawil NG, Al-Hadithi TS. A qualitative assessment of faculty perspectives of small group teaching experience in Iraq. BMC Med Educ. 2015;15(19). doi: 10.1186/s12909-015-0304-7.
81. Latif A, Boardman HF, Pollock K. A qualitative study exploring the impact and consequence of the medicines use review service on pharmacy support-staff. Pharm Pract (Granada). 2013;11(2):118-24.
82. Payakachat N, Gubbins PO, Ragland D, Norman SE, Flowers SK, Stowe CD, et al. Academic help-seeking behavior among student pharmacists. Am J Pharm Educ. 2013;77(1):7.
83. Guest G, MacQueen KM, Namey EE. Validity and reliability (credibility and dependability) in qualitative research and data analysis. In: Knight V, Habib L, Koscielak K, Virding A, Rosenstein A, editors. Applied thematic analysis. London: Sage Publications; 2012. p. 79-106.
84. Anderson C. Presenting and evaluation qualitative research. Am J Pharm Educ. 2010;74(8):141.
85. Creswell JW. Research design, qualitative, quantitative, and mixed methods approaches. Thousand Oaks: Sage; 2003.
86. Braun V, Clarke V. Using thematic analysis in psychology. Qualitative Research in Psychology. 2008;3(2):77-101.
87. Ziebland S, McPherson A. Making sense of qualitative data analysis: an introduction with illustrations from DIPEX (personal experiences of health and illness). Med Educ. 2006;40:405-14.
88. Strauss AL, Corbin JM. Basics of qualitative research: Grounded theory procedures and techniques. Newbury Park: Sage Publications; 1990.
89. Dolder C, Nakagawa S, Sakamaki A. Changes in Japanese pharmacy education and practice. Am J Health-Syst Pharm. 2008;65(3):201-2. Letter.
90. Raman-Wilms L. Evolution in pharmacy education: developing effective patient care practitioners. Can J Hosp Pharm. 2012;65(4):253-7.
91. American Association of Colleges of Pharmacy. Commission to implement change in pharmaceutical education. American Association of Colleges of Pharmacy (AACP). 2013. URL: www.aacp.org/resources/historicaldocuments/Documents/COMMISSPOSPAPER3.pdf. Accessed December 01 2013.
92. Kim E, Ghimire S. Career perspectives of future graduates of the newly implemented 6-year pharmacy educational system in South Korea. Am J Pharm Educ. 2013;77(2):37. Letters.
93. Knapp DA. The rocky road to educational change: adopting the entry-level PharmD at Maryland, 1989-93. J Am Pharm Assoc. 2011;51(6):692-701.
94. Janke KK, Traynor AP, Boyle CJ. Competencies for student leadership development in Doctor of Pharmacy curricula to assist curriculum committees and leadership instructors. Am J Pharm Educ. 2013;77(10):222.
95. Ngorsuraches S, Chaibu B. Pharmacist compensation survey in Thailand. Thai J Pharm Sci. 2004;28(3-4):125-34.
96. Aisoonphisarnkul P, Kittisopee T, Sakulbumrungsil R. A needs assessment study of pharmaceutical care curriculum. Thai J Hosp Pharm. 2012;22(2):153-67.
97. National Statistical Office. Average montly income per household: 1996-2013. In: Office NS, editor. Bangkok, Thailand: Ministry of Information and Communication technology; 2013.
98. Clungsombat M. The analysis of expenditure per student of Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Naresuan University in the 2005 fiscal year. Phitsanulok: Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Naresuan University; 2005.
99. Ziderman A. Student loans in Thailand: are they effective, equitable, sustainable? Bangkok: UNESCO Bangkok: International Institute for Educational Planning; 2003.
100. Cain J, Campbell T, Congdon HB, Hancock K, Kaun M, Lockman PR, et al. Pharmacy student debt and return on investment of a pharmacy education. Am J Pharm Educ. 2014;78(1):5.
101. Cain J, Campbell T, Congdon HB, Hancock K, Kaun M, Lockman PR, et al. Complex issues affecting student pharmacist debt. Am J Pharm Educ. 2014;78(7):131.
102. Danielson J, Craddick K, Eccles D, Kwasnik A, O'Sullivan TA. A qualitative analysis of common concerns about challenges facing pharmacy experiential education programs. Am J Pharm Educ. 2015;79(1):6.
103. Chan TY, Candlish C, Markham A, Worsley A. An analysis of transnational pharmacy education in Asia Pacific Region. Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia: Presentation at the 9th Commonwealth Pharmaceutical Association Conference cum Malaysian Pharmaceutical Society Pharmacy Scientific Conference 2007; 2007.
104. Babar Z, Scahill SL, Akhlaq M, Garg S. A bibliometric review of pharmacy education literature in the context of low-to middle-income countries. Currents Pharm Teach Learn. 2013;5(3):218-32.
105. Prapunwattana M. Thailand pharmacy professional assembly (99 years). Nonthaburi: The Pharmacy Council of Thailand; 2012. p. 60.
106. Anderson C, Bates I, Brock T, Brown A, Bruno A, Gal D, et al. Highlights from the FIPEd Global Education Report. Am J Pharm Educ. 2014;78(1):4.
107. Sherer R, Dong H, Yenfeng Z, Stern S, Jiong Y, Matlin K, et al. Medical education reform in Wuhan University, China: A preliminary report of an international collaboration. Teach Learn Med. 2015;25(2):148-54.
108. Maitreemit P, Pongcharoensuk P, Kapol N, Armstrong EP. Pharmacist perceptions of new competency standards. Pharm Pract (Granada). 2008;6(3):113-20.
109. Hall J. The profession and practice of pharmacy. Pharmacy practice. Oxford: Oxford University Press; 2013.
110. The Pharmacy Education Consortium of Thailand (PECT). The Pharmacy Education Consortium of Thailand:Organization profile 2014. 2014. URL: www.pect.pharmacycouncil.org/?page-id=199. Accessed 07 May 2015.
111. Cain J, Noel Z, Smith KM, Romanelli F. Four rights of the pharmacy educational consumer. Am J Pharm Educ. 2014;78(6):115.
112. Why parents play an important role in university life. In: The Independent. 13 August 2006. URL: www.independent.co.uk/news/education/higher/why-parents-play-an-important-role-in-university-life-411868.html.
113. Harper CE, Sax LJ, Wolf DSS. The role of parents in college students' sociopolical awareness, academic and social development. J Student Affairs Res Pract. 2012;49(2):137-56.
114. Yanchick VA. Multidisciplinary Education: a challenge for pharmacy education. Am J Pharm Educ. 2004;68(3):77.
115. Al-Arifi MN. Patients' perception, views and satisfaction with pharmacists' role as health care provider in community pharmacy setting at Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. Saudi Pharm J. 2012;20(4):323-30.
116. Shiyanbola OO, Mort JR. Patients' perceived value of pharmacy quality measures: a mixed-methods study. BMJ Open. 2015;5:e006086.
117. O'Keefe M, Jones A. Promoting lay participation in medical school curriculum development: lay and faculty perceptions. Med Educ. 2007;41:130-7.
118. The General Pharmaceutical Council. Public perceptions of pharmacies: Ipsos Public Affairs: The Social Research and Corporate Reputation Specialists. 2014.