Cancer statistics for Hispanics/Latinos, 2015

CA Cancer Journal for Clinicians

Volumn 65, Issue 6, 2015, Pages 457-480

  Siegel, Rebecca L ^a   Fedewa, Stacey A ^a   Miller, Kimberly D ^a   Goding Sauer, Ann ^a   Pinheiro, Paulo S ^b   Martinez Tyson, Dinorah ^c   Jemal, Ahmedin ^a  

^a AMERICAN CANCER SOCIETY   (United States)

^b UNIVERSITY OF NEVADA   (United States)

^c UNIVERSITY OF SOUTH FLORIDA   (United States)

Author keywords

Hispanic; Latino; statistics; surveillance

Indexed keywords

AGE DISTRIBUTION; ALCOHOL CONSUMPTION; ARTICLE; BILE DUCT CANCER; BREAST CANCER; BRONCHUS CANCER; CANCER INCIDENCE; CANCER MORTALITY; CANCER RISK; CANCER SCREENING; CANCER STAGING; CANCER STATISTICS; CHILDHOOD LEUKEMIA; COLORECTAL CANCER; ETHNIC DIFFERENCE; GALLBLADDER CANCER; HELICOBACTER INFECTION; HEPATITIS B; HEPATITIS C; HISPANIC; HUMAN; HUMAN IMMUNODEFICIENCY VIRUS INFECTION; LIVER CANCER; LUNG CANCER; MEXICAN; OBESITY; PAPILLOMAVIRUS INFECTION; PRIORITY JOURNAL; PROSTATE CANCER; RACE DIFFERENCE; SMOKING; STOMACH CANCER; SURVIVAL RATE; UNITED STATES; UTERINE CERVIX CANCER; ADOLESCENT; ADULT; AGED; CHILD; EARLY CANCER DIAGNOSIS; EPIDEMIOLOGY; ETHNOLOGY; FEMALE; FORECASTING; INCIDENCE; INFANT; MALE; MIDDLE AGED; MORTALITY; NEOPLASM; NEWBORN; PRESCHOOL CHILD; RISK FACTOR; SEX RATIO; STATISTICS AND NUMERICAL DATA; YOUNG ADULT;

ADOLESCENT; ADULT; AGE DISTRIBUTION; AGED; CHILD; CHILD, PRESCHOOL; EARLY DETECTION OF CANCER; FEMALE; FORECASTING; HISPANIC AMERICANS; HUMANS; INCIDENCE; INFANT; INFANT, NEWBORN; MALE; MIDDLE AGED; NEOPLASMS; RISK FACTORS; SEX DISTRIBUTION; UNITED STATES; YOUNG ADULT;

EID: 84947041581     PISSN: 00079235     EISSN: 15424863     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.3322/caac.21314     Document Type: Article

References (169)

1. Colby SL, Ortman JM,. Projections of the Size and Composition of the U.S. Population: 2014 to 2060. Washington, DC: US Census Bureau; 2014.
2. Ennis SR, Rios-Vargas M, Albert NG,. The Hispanic Population: 2010: 2010 US Census Briefs. Washington, DC: US Census Bureau; 2011.
3. US Census Bureau. 2011-2013 American Community Survey 3-Year Estimates. Washington, DC: US Census Bureau; 2014.
4. Grant SR, Walker GV, Guadagnolo BA, Koshy M, Allen PK, Mahmood U,. Variation in insurance status by patient demographics and tumor site among nonelderly adult patients with cancer. Cancer. 2015; 121: 2020-2028.
5. National Center for Health Statistics. Health, United States, 2014: With Special Feature on Adults Aged 55-64. Hyattsville, MD: National Center for Health Statistics; 2015.
6. Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) Program. Number of Persons by Race and Hispanic Ethnicity for SEER Participants (2010 Census Data). seer.cancer.gov/registries/data.html. Accessed July 7, 2015.
7. Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) Program. SEER Stat Database: Incidence-SEER 13 Regs Research Data, Nov. 2014 Sub (1992-2012) -Linked To County Attributes-Total US, 1969-2013 Counties. Bethesda, MD: National Cancer Institute, Division of Cancer Control and Population Sciences, Surveillance Research Program, Surveillance Systems Branch; 2015.
8. Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) Program. SEER Stat Database: Incidence-SEER 18 Regs Research Data + Hurricane Katrina Impacted Louisiana Cases, Nov. 2014 Sub (1973-2012 varying)-Linked To County Attributes-Total US, 1969-2013 Counties. Bethesda, MD: National Cancer Institute, Division of Cancer Control and Population Sciences, Surveillance Research Program, Surveillance Systems Branch; 2015.
9. Arias E,. United States life tables by Hispanic origin. Vital Health Stat 2. 2010;(152): 1-33.
10. Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) Program. SEER Stat Database: North American Association of Central Cancer Registries (NAACCR) Incidence-CiNA Analytic File, 1995-2012, for NHIAv2 Origin, Custom File with County, ACS Facts & Figures Projection Project, NAACCR. Bethesda, MD: National Cancer Institute, Division of Cancer Control and Population Sciences, Surveillance Research Program, Cancer Statistics Branch; 2015.
11. Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) Program. SEER Stat Database: North American Association of Central Cancer Registries (NAACCR) Incidence-CiNA Analytic File, 1995-2012, for Expanded Races, Custom File With County, ACS Facts &Figures Projection Project, NAACCR. Bethesda, MD: National Cancer Institute, Division of Cancer Control and Population Sciences, Surveillance Research Program, Cancer Statistics Branch; 2015.
12. Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) Program. SEER Stat Database: Mortality-All COD, Aggregated With State, Total US (1990-2012) . Bethesda, MD: National Cancer Institute, Division of Cancer Control and Population Sciences, Surveillance Research Program, Surveillance Systems Branch; 2015. Underlying mortality data provided by National Center for Health Statistics (cdc.gov/nchs).
13. US Census Bureau. 2011 American Community Survey Public Use Microdata Sample. dataferrett.census.gov/TheDataWeb/index.html. Accessed July 1, 2015.
14. US Census Bureau. 2012 American Community Survey Public Use Microdata Sample. dataferrett.census.gov/TheDataWeb/index.html. Accessed July 1, 2015.
15. Fritz A, Percy C, Jack A, et al, eds. International Classification of Diseases for Oncology. 3rd ed. Geneva, Switzerland: World Health Organization; 2000.
16. Percy C, Van Holten V, Muir C,. International Classification of Diseases for Oncology. 2nd ed. Geneva, Switzerland; World Health Organization; 1990.
17. World Health Organization. Manual of the International Statistical Classification of Diseases Injuries and Causes of Death. Vol 1. 9th rev. Geneva, Switzerland: World Health Organization; 1975.
18. World Health Organization. Manual of the International Statistical Classification of Diseases Injuries and Causes of Death. Vol 1. 10th rev. Geneva, Switzerland: World Health Organization; 1990.
19. Chen HS, Portier K, Ghosh K, et al., Predicting US- and state-level cancer counts for the current calendar year: Part I: evaluation of temporal projection methods for mortality. Cancer. 2012; 118: 1091-1099.
20. National Center for Health Statistics, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. National Health Interview Survey Public Use Data File 2014. Atlanta, GA: National Center for Health Statistics, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention; 2015.
21. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. cdc.gov/nchs/nhanes.htm. Accessed May 23, 2014.
22. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Youth online: high school YRBS. nccd.cdc.gov/youthonline/App/Default.aspx. Accessed September 15, 2014.
23. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Datasets and Related Documentataion for the National Immunization Survey-Teen, 2008-2014. cdc.gov/nchs/nis/data-files-teen.htm. Accessed July 23, 2015.
24. Pinheiro PS, Sherman RL, Trapido EJ, et al., Cancer incidence in first generation U.S. Hispanics: Cubans, Mexicans, Puerto Ricans, and new Latinos. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev. 2009; 18: 2162-2169.
25. Reyes-Ortiz CA, Eschbach K, Zhang DD, Goodwin JS,. Neighborhood composition and cancer among Hispanics: tumor stage and size at time of diagnosis. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev. 2008; 17: 2931-2936.
26. Escarce J, Kapur K,. Access to and quality of health care. In:, Tienda M, Mitchell F, eds. Hispanics and the Future of America. Washington DC: Committee on Transforming Our Common Destiny, National Research Council National Academy Press; 2006: 410-415.
27. Le H, Ziogas A, Lipkin SM, Zell JA,. Effects of socioeconomic status and treatment disparities in colorectal cancer survival. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev. 2008; 17: 1950-1962.
28. Halpern MT, Ward EM, Pavluck AL, Schrag NM, Bian J, Chen AY,. Association of insurance status and ethnicity with cancer stage at diagnosis for 12 cancer sites: a retrospective analysis. Lancet Oncol. 2008; 9: 222-231.
29. Iqbal J, Ginsburg O, Rochon PA, Sun P, Narod SA,. Differences in breast cancer stage at diagnosis and cancer-specific survival by race and ethnicity in the United States. JAMA. 2015; 313: 165-173.
30. Pinheiro PS, Morris CR, Liu L, Bungum TJ, Altekruse SF,. The impact of follow-up type and missed deaths on population-based cancer survival studies for Hispanics and Asians. J Natl Cancer Inst Monogr. 2014; 2014: 210-217.
31. Franzini L, Ribble JC, Keddie AM,. Understanding the Hispanic paradox. Ethn Dis. 2001; 11: 496-518.
32. Turra CM, Elo IT,. The impact of salmon bias on the Hispanic mortality advantage: new evidence from Social Security data. Popul Res Policy Rev. 2008; 27: 515-530.
33. Martinez-Tyson D, Pathak EB, Soler-Vila H, Flores AM,. Looking under the Hispanic umbrella: cancer mortality among Cubans, Mexicans, Puerto Ricans and other Hispanics in Florida. J Immigr Minor Health. 2009; 11: 249-257.
34. Chlebowski RT, Chen Z, Anderson GL, et al., Ethnicity and breast cancer: factors influencing differences in incidence and outcome. J Natl Cancer Inst. 2005; 97: 439-448.
35. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). Progress in increasing breastfeeding and reducing racial/ethnic differences-United States, 2000-2008 births. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. 2013; 62: 77-80.
36. Martin JA, Hamilton BE, Osterman MJ, Curtin SC, Matthews TJ,. Births: final data for 2013. Natl Vital Stat Rep. 2015; 64: 1-65.
37. Sweeney C, Baumgartner KB, Byers T, et al., Reproductive history in relation to breast cancer risk among Hispanic and non-Hispanic white women. Cancer Causes Control. 2008; 19: 391-401.
38. Banegas MP, Leng M, Graubard BI, Morales LS,. The risk of developing invasive breast cancer in Hispanic women: a look across Hispanic subgroups. Cancer. 2013; 119: 1373-1380.
39. Keegan TH, John EM, Fish KM, Alfaro-Velcamp T, Clarke CA, Gomez SL,. Breast cancer incidence patterns among California Hispanic women: differences by nativity and residence in an enclave. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev. 2010; 19: 1208-1218.
40. Berry DA, Cronin KA, Plevritis SK, et al., Effect of screening and adjuvant therapy on mortality from breast cancer. N Engl J Med. 2005; 353: 1784-1792.
41. Breen N, Cronin KA, Meissner HI, et al., Reported drop in mammography: is this cause for concern? Cancer. 2007; 109: 2405-2409.
42. Press R, Carrasquillo O, Sciacca RR, Giardina EG,. Racial/ethnic disparities in time to follow-up after an abnormal mammogram. J Womens Health (Larchmt). 2008; 17: 923-930.
43. Stuver SO, Zhu J, Simchowitz B, Hassett MJ, Shulman LN, Weingart SN,. Identifying women at risk of delayed breast cancer diagnosis. Jt Comm J Qual Patient Saf. 2011; 37: 568-575.
44. Warner ET, Tamimi RM, Hughes ME, et al., Racial and ethnic differences in breast cancer survival: mediating effect of tumor characteristics and sociodemographic and treatment factors. J Clin Oncol. 2015; 33: 2254-2261.
45. Ooi SL, Martinez ME, Li CI,. Disparities in breast cancer characteristics and outcomes by race/ethnicity. Breast Cancer Res Treat. 2011; 127: 729-738.
46. Soto-Salgado M, Suarez E, Calo W, Cruz-Correa M, Figueroa-Valles NR, Ortiz AP,. Incidence and mortality rates for colorectal cancer in Puerto Rico and among Hispanics, non-Hispanic whites, and non-Hispanic blacks in the United States, 1998-2002. Cancer. 2009; 115: 3016-3023.
47. Center MM, Jemal A, Ward E,. International trends in colorectal cancer incidence rates. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev. 2009; 18: 1688-1694.
48. O'Neil ME, Henley SJ, Singh SD, et al,; Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). Invasive cancer incidence-Puerto Rico, 2007-2011. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. 2015; 64: 389-393.
49. Center MM, Jemal A, Smith RA, Ward E,. Worldwide variations in colorectal cancer. CA Cancer J Clin. 2009; 59: 366-378.
50. Jafri NS, Gould M, El-Serag HB, Duan Z, Davila JA,. Incidence and survival of colorectal cancer among Hispanics in the United States: a population-based study. Dig Dis Sci. 2013; 58: 2052-2060.
51. Siegel RL, Jemal A, Ward EM,. Increase in incidence of colorectal cancer among young men and women in the United States. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev. 2009; 18: 1695-1698.
52. Lee W, Nelson R, Mailey B, Duldulao MP, Garcia-Aguilar J, Kim J,. Socioeconomic factors impact colon cancer outcomes in diverse patient populations. J Gastrointest Surg. 2012; 16: 692-704.
53. US Department of Health and Human Services. The Health Consequences of Smoking-50 Years of Progress. A Report from the Surgeon General. Atlanta, GA: Department of Health and Human Services, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion; 2014.
54. Kaplan RC, Bangdiwala SI, Barnhart JM, et al., Smoking among U.S. Hispanic/Latino adults: the Hispanic community health study/study of Latinos. Am J Prev Med. 2014; 46: 496-506.
55. Haiman CA, Stram DO, Wilkens LR, et al., Ethnic and racial differences in the smoking-related risk of lung cancer. N Engl J Med. 2006; 354: 333-342.
56. Copeland G, Lake A, Firth R, et al., Cancer Incidence in North America: Vol I: Combined Cancer Incidence for the United States, Canada, and North America. Springfield, IL: North American Association of Central Cancer Registries; 2015.
57. Center MM, Jemal A, Lortet-Tieulent J, et al., International variation in prostate cancer incidence and mortality rates. Eur Urol. 2012; 61: 1079-1092.
58. El-Serag HB, Lau M, Eschbach K, Davila J, Goodwin J,. Epidemiology of hepatocellular carcinoma in Hispanics in the United States. Arch Intern Med. 2007; 167: 1983-1989.
59. Ramirez AG, Munoz E, Holden AE, Adeigbe RT, Suarez L,. Incidence of hepatocellular carcinoma in Texas Latinos, 1995-2010: an update. PLoS One. 2014; 9: e99365.
60. Setiawan VW, Hernandez BY, Lu SC, et al., Diabetes and racial/ethnic differences in hepatocellular carcinoma risk: the multiethnic cohort. J Natl Cancer Inst. 2014; 106. pii: dju326.
61. Armstrong GL, Alter MJ, McQuillan GM, Margolis HS,. The past incidence of hepatitis C virus infection: implications for the future burden of chronic liver disease in the United States. Hepatology. 2000; 31: 777-782.
62. Davila JA, Morgan RO, Shaib Y, McGlynn KA, El-Serag HB,. Hepatitis C infection and the increasing incidence of hepatocellular carcinoma: a population-based study. Gastroenterology. 2004; 127: 1372-1380.
63. Ferlay J, Soerjomataram I, Ervik M, et al,; International Agency for Research on Cancer, World Health Organization. GLOBOCAN 2012: estimated cancer incidence, mortality, and prevalence worldwide in 2012. globocan.iarc.fr. Accessed May 12, 2015.
64. Kamangar F, Dawsey SM, Blaser MJ, et al., Opposing risks of gastric cardia and noncardia gastric adenocarcinomas associated with Helicobacter pylori seropositivity. J Natl Cancer Inst. 2006; 98: 1445-1452.
65. Chang ET, Gomez SL, Fish K, et al., Gastric cancer incidence among Hispanics in California: patterns by time, nativity, and neighborhood characteristics. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev. 2012; 21: 709-719.
66. Mayne ST, Navarro SA,. Diet, obesity and reflux in the etiology of adenocarcinomas of the esophagus and gastric cardia in humans. J Nutr. 2002; 132 (suppl 11): 3467S-3470S.
67. Bertuccio P, Chatenoud L, Levi F, et al., Recent patterns in gastric cancer: a global overview. Int J Cancer. 2009; 125: 666-673.
68. Horner MJ, Altekruse SF, Zou Z, Wideroff L, Katki HA, Stinchcomb DG,. U.S. geographic distribution of prevaccine era cervical cancer screening, incidence, stage, and mortality. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev. 2011; 20: 591-599.
69. Schiffman M, Castle PE, Jeronimo J, Rodriguez AC, Wacholder S,. Human papillomavirus and cervical cancer. Lancet. 2007; 370: 890-907.
70. Watson M, Saraiya M, Benard V, et al., Burden of cervical cancer in the United States, 1998-2003. Cancer. 2008; 113: 2855-2864.
71. Galic V, Herzog TJ, Lewin SN, et al., Prognostic significance of adenocarcinoma histology in women with cervical cancer. Gynecol Oncol. 2012; 125: 287-291.
72. Coker AL, Desimone CP, Eggleston KS, White AL, Williams M,. Ethnic disparities in cervical cancer survival among Texas women. J Womens Health (Larchmt). 2009; 18: 1577-1583.
73. Coker AL, Eggleston KS, Du XL, Ramondetta L,. Ethnic disparities in cervical cancer survival among Medicare eligible women in a multiethnic population. Int J Gynecol Cancer. 2009; 19: 13-20.
74. Patel DA, Barnholtz-Sloan JS, Patel MK, Malone JM Jr, Chuba PJ, Schwartz K,. A population-based study of racial and ethnic differences in survival among women with invasive cervical cancer: analysis of Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results data. Gynecol Oncol. 2005; 97: 550-558.
75. Henley SJ, Weir HK, Jim MA, Watson M, Richardson LC,. Gallbladder cancer incidence and mortality, United States 1999-2011 [published online ahead of print June 12, 2015 ]. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev.
76. Randi G, Franceschi S, La Vecchia C,. Gallbladder cancer worldwide: geographical distribution and risk factors. Int J Cancer. 2006; 118: 1591-1602.
77. Stinton LM, Shaffer EA,. Epidemiology of gallbladder disease: cholelithiasis and cancer. Gut Liver. 2012; 6: 172-187.
78. Shrikhande SV, Barreto SG, Singh S, Udwadia TE, Agarwal AK,. Cholelithiasis in gallbladder cancer: coincidence, cofactor, or cause! Eur J Surg Oncol. 2010; 36: 514-519.
79. Renehan AG, Tyson M, Egger M, Heller RF, Zwahlen M,. Body-mass index and incidence of cancer: a systematic review and meta-analysis of prospective observational studies. Lancet. 2008; 371: 569-578.
80. Ren HB, Yu T, Liu C, Li YQ,. Diabetes mellitus and increased risk of biliary tract cancer: systematic review and meta-analysis. Cancer Causes Control. 2011; 22: 837-847.
81. Fernandez E, Gallus S, Bosetti C, Franceschi S, Negri E, La Vecchia C,. Hormone replacement therapy and cancer risk: a systematic analysis from a network of case-control studies. Int J Cancer. 2003; 105: 408-412.
82. Bhatia S, Sather HN, Heerema NA, Trigg ME, Gaynon PS, Robison LL,. Racial and ethnic differences in survival of children with acute lymphoblastic leukemia. Blood. 2002; 100: 1957-1964.
83. Lim J, Bhatia S, Robison L, Yang J,. Genomics of racial and ethnic disparities in childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia. Cancer. 2014; 120: 955-962.
84. Agaku IT, King BA, Husten CG, et al,; Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). Tobacco product use among adults-United States, 2012-2013. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. 2014; 63: 542-547.
85. Fagan P, Moolchan ET, Lawrence D, Fernander A, Ponder PK,. Identifying health disparities across the tobacco continuum. Addiction. 2007; 102 (suppl 2): 5-29.
86. Webb MS, Rodriguez-Esquivel D, Baker EA,. Smoking cessation interventions among Hispanics in the United States: a systematic review and mini meta-analysis. Am J Health Promot. 2010; 25: 109-118.
87. Kann L, Kinchen S, Shanklin SL, et al,; Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). Youth risk behavior surveillance-United States, 2013. MMWR Surveill Summ. 2014; 63 (suppl 4): 1-168.
88. Arrazola RA, Singh T, Corey CG, et al,; Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). Tobacco use among middle and high school students-United States, 2011-2014. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. 2015; 64: 381-385.
89. Kushi LH, Doyle C, McCullough M, et al,; American Cancer Society 2010 Nutrition and Physical Activity Guidelines Advisory Committee. American Cancer Society Guidelines on nutrition and physical activity for cancer prevention: reducing the risk of cancer with healthy food choices and physical activity. CA Cancer J Clin. 2012; 62: 30-67.
90. World Cancer Research Fund, American Institute for Cancer Research. Food, Nutrition, Physical Activity, and the Prevention of Cancer: A Global Perspective. Washington DC: American Institute for Cancer Research; 2007.
91. Eheman C, Henley SJ, Ballard-Barbash R, et al., Annual Report to the Nation on the status of cancer, 1975-2008, featuring cancers associated with excess weight and lack of sufficient physical activity. Cancer. 2012; 118: 2338-2366.
92. Narayan KM, Boyle JP, Geiss LS, Saaddine JB, Thompson TJ,. Impact of recent increase in incidence on future diabetes burden: U.S., 2005-2050. Diabetes Care. 2006; 29: 2114-2116.
93. Geiss LS, Wang J, Cheng YJ, et al., Prevalence and incidence trends for diagnosed diabetes among adults aged 20 to 79 years, United States, 1980-2012. JAMA. 2014; 312: 1218-1226.
94. Aguilar M, Bhuket T, Torres S, Liu B, Wong RJ,. Prevalence of the metabolic syndrome in the United States, 2003-2012. JAMA. 2015; 313: 1973-1974.
95. Esposito K, Chiodini P, Colao A, Lenzi A, Giugliano D,. Metabolic syndrome and risk of cancer: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Diabetes Care. 2012; 35: 2402-2411.
96. Vigneri P, Frasca F, Sciacca L, Pandini G, Vigneri R,. Diabetes and cancer. Endocr Relat Cancer. 2009; 16: 1103-1123.
97. Siegel RL, Miller KD, Jemal A,. Cancer statistics, 2015. CA Cancer J Clin. 2015; 65: 5-29.
98. Fryar CD, Carroll MD, Ogden CL,. Prevalence of overweight, obesity, and extreme obesity among adults: United States, 1960-1962 through 2011-2012. Bethesda, MD: National Center for Health Statistics; 2014. cdc.gov/nchs/data/hestat/obesity-adult-11-12/obesity-adult-11-12.pdf. Accessed March 26, 2015.
99. Daviglus ML, Talavera GA, Aviles-Santa ML, et al., Prevalence of major cardiovascular risk factors and cardiovascular diseases among Hispanic/Latino individuals of diverse backgrounds in the United States. JAMA. 2012; 308: 1775-1784.
100. Singh GK, Siahpush M, Hiatt RA, Timsina LR,. Dramatic increases in obesity and overweight prevalence and body mass index among ethnic-immigrant and social class groups in the United States, 1976-2008. J Community Health. 2011; 36: 94-110.
101. Krueger PM, Coleman-Minahan K, Rooks RN,. Race/ethnicity, nativity and trends in BMI among U.S. adults. Obesity (Silver Spring). 2014; 22: 1739-1746.
102. Ogden CL, Carroll MD, Kit BK, Flegal KM,. Prevalence of obesity and trends in body mass index among US children and adolescents, 1999-2010. JAMA. 2012; 307: 483-490.
103. Ogden CL, Carroll MD, Kit BK, Flegal KM,. Prevalence of childhood and adult obesity in the United States, 2011-2012. JAMA. 2014; 311: 806-814.
104. World Cancer Research Fund, American Institute for Cancer Research. Continuous Update Project Report: Food, Nutrition, Physical Activity, and the Prevention of Pancreatic Cancer. Washington, DC: American Institute for Cancer Research; 2012.
105. World Cancer Research Fund International, American Institute for Cancer Research. Continuous Update Project Report: Diet, Nutrition, Physical Activity and Liver Cancer. Washington, DC: American Institute for Cancer Research; 2015.
106. Marin G, Marin MA,. Differential perceptions of drinkers of alcoholic beverages by Mexican-Americans and non-Hispanic whites. Subst Use Misuse. 1997; 32: 1369-1384.
107. Slone LB, Norris FH, Gutierrez Rodriguez F, Gutierrez Rodriguez Jde J, Murphy AM, Perilla JL,. Alcohol use and misuse in urban Mexican men and women: an epidemiologic perspective. Drug Alcohol Depend. 2006; 85: 163-170.
108. Mills BA, Caetano R,. The Hispanic Americans Baseline Alcohol Survey (HABLAS): predictors of alcohol attitudes and expectancies in Hispanic national groups. Alcohol Clin Exp Res. 2010; 34: 790-799.
109. Wroblewski LE, Peek RM Jr, Wilson KT,. Helicobacter pylori and gastric cancer: factors that modulate disease risk. Clin Microbiol Rev. 2010; 23: 713-739.
110. Plummer M, Franceschi S, Vignat J, Forman D, de Martel C,. Global burden of gastric cancer attributable to Helicobacter pylori. Int J Cancer. 2015; 136: 487-490.
111. Grad YH, Lipsitch M, Aiello AE,. Secular trends in Helicobacter pylori seroprevalence in adults in the United States: evidence for sustained race/ethnic disparities. Am J Epidemiol. 2012; 175: 54-59.
112. Tsai CJ, Perry S, Sanchez L, Parsonnet J,. Helicobacter pylori infection in different generations of Hispanics in the San Francisco Bay Area. Am J Epidemiol. 2005; 162: 351-357.
113. International Agency for Research on Cancer. IARC Monograph on Biological Agents: A Review of Human Carcinogens. Lyon, France: International Agency for Research on Cancer; 2012.
114. Donato F, Boffetta P, Puoti M,. A meta-analysis of epidemiological studies on the combined effect of hepatitis B and C virus infections in causing hepatocellular carcinoma. Int J Cancer. 1998; 75: 347-354.
115. de Sanjose S, Benavente Y, Vajdic CM, et al., Hepatitis C and non-Hodgkin lymphoma among 4784 cases and 6269 controls from the International Lymphoma Epidemiology Consortium. Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2008; 6: 451-458.
116. Engels EA, Cho ER, Jee SH,. Hepatitis B virus infection and risk of non-Hodgkin lymphoma in South Korea: a cohort study. Lancet Oncol. 2010; 11: 827-834.
117. Reagan-Steiner S, Yankey D, Jeyarajah J, et al,; Immunization Services Division, National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases; Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). National, regional, state, and selected local area vaccination coverage among adolescents aged 13-17 years-United States, 2015. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. 2015; 64: 784-792.
118. Wasley A, Kruszon-Moran D, Kuhnert W, et al., The prevalence of hepatitis B virus infection in the United States in the era of vaccination. J Infect Dis. 2010; 202: 192-201.
119. Weinbaum CM, Williams I, Mast EE, et al,; Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). Recommendations for identification and public health management of persons with chronic hepatitis B virus infection. MMWR Recomm Rep. 2008; 57: 1-20.
120. Kowdley KV, Wang CC, Welch S, Roberts H, Brosgart CL,. Prevalence of chronic hepatitis B among foreign-born persons living in the United States by country of origin. Hepatology. 2012; 56: 422-433.
121. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). Use of hepatitis B vaccination for adults with diabetes mellitus: recommendations of the Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices (ACIP). MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. 2011; 60: 1709-1711.
122. Ioannou GN,. Hepatitis B virus in the United States: infection, exposure, and immunity rates in a nationally representative survey. Ann Intern Med. 2011; 154: 319-328.
123. Ott JJ, Stevens GA, Groeger J, Wiersma ST,. Global epidemiology of hepatitis B virus infection: new estimates of age-specific HBsAg seroprevalence and endemicity. Vaccine. 2012; 30: 2212-2219.
124. Kohli A, Shaffer A, Sherman A, Kottilil S,. Treatment of hepatitis C: a systematic review. JAMA. 2014; 312: 631-640.
125. Moyer VA,; US Preventive Services Task Force. Screening for hepatitis C virus infection in adults: U.S. Preventive Services Task Force recommendation statement. Ann Intern Med. 2013; 159: 349-357.
126. Jemal A, Fedewa SA,. Prevalence of hepatitis C virus testing in cohorts born between 1945 and 1965 in the U.S. Am J Prev Med. 2015; 48: e7-e9.
127. Denniston MM, Jiles RB, Drobeniuc J, et al., Chronic hepatitis C virus infection in the United States, National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2003 to 2010. Ann Intern Med. 2014; 160: 293-300.
128. Chak E, Talal AH, Sherman KE, Schiff ER, Saab S,. Hepatitis C virus infection in USA: an estimate of true prevalence. Liver Int. 2011; 31: 1090-1101.
129. Smith BD, Morgan RL, Beckett GA, et al,; Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). Recommendations for the identification of chronic hepatitis C virus infection among persons born during 1945-1965. MMWR Recomm Rep. 2012; 61: 1-32.
130. Kuniholm MH, Jung M, Everhart JE, et al., Prevalence of hepatitis C virus infection in US Hispanic/Latino adults: results from the NHANES 2007-2010 and HCHS/SOL studies. J Infect Dis. 2014; 209: 1585-1590.
131. Ly KN, Xing J, Klevens RM, Jiles RB, Ward JW, Holmberg SD,. The increasing burden of mortality from viral hepatitis in the United States between 1999 and 2007. Ann Intern Med. 2012; 156: 271-278.
132. Gillison ML, Chaturvedi AK, Lowy DR,. HPV prophylactic vaccines and the potential prevention of noncervical cancers in both men and women. Cancer. 2008; 113 (suppl 10): 3036-3046.
133. Petrosky E, Bocchini JA Jr, Hariri S, et al,; Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). Use of 9-valent human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccine: updated HPV vaccination recommendations of the advisory committee on immunization practices. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. 2015; 64: 300-304.
134. Saslow D, Castle PE, Cox JT, et al,; Gynecologic Cancer Advisory Group;, Garcia F,. American Cancer Society guideline for human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccine use to prevent cervical cancer and its precursors. CA Cancer J Clin. 2007; 57: 7-28.
135. th ed. Washington DC: Public Health Foundation; 2012.
136. Hariri S, Unger ER, Powell SE, et al., Human papillomavirus genotypes in high-grade cervical lesions in the United States. J Infect Dis. 2012; 206: 1878-1886.
137. Hariri S, Unger ER, Schafer S, et al,; HPV-IMPACT Working Group. HPV type attribution in high-grade cervical lesions: assessing the potential benefits of vaccines in a population-based evaluation in the United States. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev. 2015; 24: 393-399.
138. Walker AT, Smith PJ, Kolasa M,; Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). Reduction of racial/ethnic disparities in vaccination coverage, 1995-2011. MMWR Surveill Summ. 2014; 63 (suppl 1): 7-12.
139. Patel P, Hanson DL, Sullivan PS, et al,; Adult and Adolescent Spectrum of Disease Project and HIV Outpatient Study Investigators. Incidence of types of cancer among HIV-infected persons compared with the general population in the United States, 1992-2003. Ann Intern Med. 2008; 148: 728-736.
140. Coghill AE, Shiels MS, Suneja G, Engels EA,. Elevated cancer-specific mortality among HIV-infected patients in the United States. J Clin Oncol. 2015; 33: 2376-2383.
141. Shiels MS, Cole SR, Kirk GD, Poole C,. A meta-analysis of the incidence of non-AIDS cancers in HIV-infected individuals. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr. 2009; 52: 611-622.
142. Silverberg MJ, Chao C, Leyden WA, et al., HIV infection and the risk of cancers with and without a known infectious cause. AIDS. 2009; 23: 2337-2345.
143. Grulich AE, van Leeuwen MT, Falster MO, Vajdic CM,. Incidence of cancers in people with HIV/AIDS compared with immunosuppressed transplant recipients: a meta-analysis. Lancet. 2007; 370: 59-67.
144. Chen M, Rhodes PH, Hall IH, et al,; Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). Prevalence of undiagnosed HIV infection among persons aged ≥13 years-National HIV Surveillance System, United States, 2005-2008. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. 2012; 61 (suppl): 57-64.
145. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. HIV surveillance report, 2013; vol. 25. cdc.gov/hiv/library/reports/surveillance/. Published February 2015.
146. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). Geographic differences in HIV infection among Hispanics or Latinos-46 states and Puerto Rico, 2010. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. 2012; 61: 805-810.
147. Chen NE, Gallant JE, Page KR,. A systematic review of HIV/AIDS survival and delayed diagnosis among Hispanics in the United States. J Immigr Minor Health. 2012; 14: 65-81.
148. Smedley BD, Stith AY, Nelson AR, eds; Committee on Understanding and Eliminating Racial and Ethnic Disparities in Health Care; Board on Health Sciences Policy; Institute of Medicine. Unequal Treatment: Confronting Racial and Ethnic Disparities in Health Care. Washington, DC: National Academies Press; 2002.
149. Saslow D, Solomon D, Lawson HW, et al,; American Cancer Society; American Society for Colposcopy and Cervical Pathology; American Society for Clinical Pathology. American Cancer Society, American Society for Colposcopy and Cervical Pathology, and American Society for Clinical Pathology screening guidelines for the prevention and early detection of cervical cancer. Am J Clin Pathol. 2012; 137: 516-542.
150. Wharam JF, Zhang F, Xu X, Landon BE, Ross-Degnan D,. National trends and disparities in cervical cancer screening among commercially insured women, 2001-2010. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev. 2014; 23: 2366-2373.
151. Smith RA, Cokkinides V, Brooks D, Saslow D, Shah M, Brawley OW,. Cancer screening in the United States, 2011: a review of current American Cancer Society guidelines and issues in cancer screening. CA Cancer J Clin. 2011; 61: 8-30.
152. National Center for Health Statistics. Health, United States, 2013: With a Special Feature on Prescription Drugs. Hyattsville, MD: National Center for Health Statistics; 2014.
153. Adams EK, Breen N, Joski PJ,. Impact of the National Breast and Cervical Cancer Early Detection Program on mammography and Pap test utilization among white, Hispanic, and African American women: 1996-2000. Cancer. 2007; 109 (suppl 2): 348-358.
154. Saslow D, Boetes C, Burke W, et al,; American Cancer Society Breast Cancer Advisory Group. American Cancer Society guidelines for breast screening with MRI as an adjunct to mammography. CA Cancer J Clin. 2007; 57: 75-89.
155. Breen N, Wagener DK, Brown ML, Davis WW, Ballard-Barbash R,. Progress in cancer screening over a decade: results of cancer screening from the 1987, 1992, and 1998 National Health Interview Surveys. J Natl Cancer Inst. 2001; 93: 1704-1713.
156. Breen N, Gentleman JF, Schiller JS,. Update on mammography trends: comparisons of rates in 2000, 2005, and 2008. Cancer. 2011; 117: 2209-2218.
157. Miranda PY, Tarraf W, Gonzalez P, Johnson-Jennings M, Gonzalez HM,. Breast cancer screening trends in the United States and ethnicity. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev. 2012; 21: 351-357.
158. Warner ET, Tamimi RM, Hughes ME, et al., Time to diagnosis and breast cancer stage by race/ethnicity. Breast Cancer Res Treat. 2012; 136: 813-821.
159. Smith-Bindman R, Miglioretti DL, Lurie N, et al., Does utilization of screening mammography explain racial and ethnic differences in breast cancer? Ann Intern Med. 2006; 144: 541-553.
160. Levin B, Lieberman DA, McFarland B, et al,; American Cancer Society Colorectal Cancer Advisory Group; US Multi-Society Task Force; American College of Radiology Colon Cancer Committee. Screening and surveillance for the early detection of colorectal cancer and adenomatous polyps, 2008: a joint guideline from the American Cancer Society, the US Multi-Society Task Force on Colorectal Cancer, and the American College of Radiology. CA Cancer J Clin. 2008; 58: 130-160.
161. Klabunde CN, Cronin KA, Breen N, Waldron WR, Ambs AH, Nadel MR,. Trends in colorectal cancer test use among vulnerable populations in the United States. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev. 2011; 20: 1611-1621.
162. Bandi P, Cokkinides V, Smith RA, Jemal A,. Trends in colorectal cancer screening with home-based fecal occult blood tests in adults ages 50 to 64 years, 2000-2008. Cancer. 2012; 118: 5092-5099.
163. Smith RA, Manassaram-Baptiste D, Brooks D, et al., Cancer screening in the United States, 2015: a review of current American Cancer Society guidelines and current issues in cancer screening. CA Cancer J Clin. 2015; 65: 30-54.
164. Fedewa SA, Sauer AG, Siegel RL, Jemal A,. Prevalence of major risk factors and use of screening tests for cancer in the United States. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev. 2015; 24: 637-652.
165. Han PK, Kobrin S, Breen N, et al., National evidence on the use of shared decision making in prostate-specific antigen screening. Ann Fam Med. 2013; 11: 306-314.
166. Wender R, Fontham ET, Barrera E Jr, et al., American Cancer Society lung cancer screening guidelines. CA Cancer J Clin. 2013; 63: 107-117.
167. Doria-Rose VP, White MC, Klabunde CN, et al., Use of lung cancer screening tests in the United States: results from the 2010 National Health Interview Survey. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev. 2012; 21: 1049-1059.
168. Stewart SL, Swallen KC, Glaser SL, Horn-Ross PL, West DW,. Comparison of methods for classifying Hispanic ethnicity in a population-based cancer registry. Am J Epidemiol. 1999; 149: 1063-1071.
169. Arias E, Schauman WS, Eschbach K, Sorlie PD, Backlund E,. The validity of race and Hispanic origin reporting on death certificates in the United States. Vital Health Stat 2. 2008;(148): 1-23.