Intoxications involving MDPV in Sweden during 2010-2014: Results from the STRIDA project

Clinical Toxicology

Volumn 53, Issue 9, 2015, Pages 865-873

  Beck, Olof ^a   Franzen, Lisa ^b   Bäckberg, Matilda ^b   Signell, Patrick ^a   Helander, Anders ^a  

^a KAROLINSKA INSTITUTE   (Sweden)

^b Swedish Poisons Information Centre   (Sweden)

Author keywords

Illicit drugs; Intoxications; Liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry; MDPV; New psychoactive substances

Indexed keywords

3,4 METHYLENEDIOXYPYROVALERONE; 4' METHYLMETHCATHINONE; ALCOHOL; BENZODIAZEPINE DERIVATIVE; C REACTIVE PROTEIN; CATHINONE; CREATININE; DIAZEPAM; HALOPERIDOL; ILLICIT DRUG; METHYLONE; NALOXONE; OPIATE; OXAZEPAM; PROPOFOL; PYROVALERONE; UNCLASSIFIED DRUG; 1,3 BENZODIOXOLE DERIVATIVE; 3,4-METHYLENEDIOXYPYROVALERONE; BIOLOGICAL MARKER; DOPAMINE UPTAKE INHIBITOR; PSYCHOTROPIC AGENT; PYRROLIDINE DERIVATIVE;

ADULT; AGED; AGITATION; ARTICLE; BLOOD SAMPLING; CLINICAL FEATURE; CONSCIOUSNESS LEVEL; DELIRIUM; DILUTION; DISEASE SEVERITY; DRUG BLOOD LEVEL; DRUG EXPOSURE; DRUG USE; FEMALE; FEVER; HALLUCINATION; HEPATITIS C; HUMAN; HYPERTENSION; HYPERTHERMIA; LENGTH OF STAY; LIQUID CHROMATOGRAPHY; MAJOR CLINICAL STUDY; MALE; MEDICAL HISTORY; MEDICAL RECORD REVIEW; OBSERVATIONAL STUDY; RHABDOMYOLYSIS; SEIZURE; SELF CONCEPT; SWEDEN; SYSTOLIC BLOOD PRESSURE; TACHYCARDIA; TANDEM MASS SPECTROMETRY; URINALYSIS; ADOLESCENT; BLOOD; HOSPITALIZATION; MIDDLE AGED; PATHOPHYSIOLOGY; POISON CENTER; PREDICTIVE VALUE; PREVALENCE; PROCEDURES; RETROSPECTIVE STUDY; SEVERITY OF ILLNESS INDEX; SUBSTANCE ABUSE; SUBSTANCE-RELATED DISORDERS; TIME; URINE; YOUNG ADULT;

ADOLESCENT; ADULT; AGED; BENZODIOXOLES; BIOMARKERS; CHROMATOGRAPHY, LIQUID; DOPAMINE UPTAKE INHIBITORS; FEMALE; HOSPITALIZATION; HUMANS; MALE; MIDDLE AGED; POISON CONTROL CENTERS; PREDICTIVE VALUE OF TESTS; PREVALENCE; PSYCHOTROPIC DRUGS; PYRROLIDINES; RETROSPECTIVE STUDIES; SEVERITY OF ILLNESS INDEX; SUBSTANCE ABUSE DETECTION; SUBSTANCE-RELATED DISORDERS; SWEDEN; TANDEM MASS SPECTROMETRY; TIME FACTORS; YOUNG ADULT;

EID: 84946473599     PISSN: 15563650     EISSN: 15569519     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.3109/15563650.2015.1089576     Document Type: Article

References (40)

1. EMCDDA. European Drug Report 2014. Trends and developments. http://www.emcdda.europa.eu/publications/edr/trends-developments/2014. Accessed 1 October 2015.
2. UNODC Early Warning Advisory on New Psychoactive Substances. 2013. https://www.unodc.org/LSS/Home/NPS. Accessed 1 October 2015.
3. Baumann MH, Solis E, Watterson LR, Marusich JA, Fantegrossi WE, Wiley JL. Baths salts, spice, and related designer drugs: The science behind the headlines. J Neurosci 2014;34:15150-15158.
4. Lewin AH, Seltzman HH, Carroll FI, Mascarella SW, Reddy PA. Emergence and properties of spice and bath salts: A medicinal chemistry perspective. Life Sci 2014;97:9-19.
5. Carroll FI, Lewin AH, Mascarella SW, Seltzman HH, Reddy PA. Designer drugs: A medicinal chemistry perspective. Ann N Y Acad Sci 2012;1248:18-38.
6. Kriikku P, Wilhelm L, Rintatalo J, Hurme J, Kramer J, Ojanperä I. Prevalence and blood concentrations of desoxypipradrol (2-DPMP) in drivers suspected of driving under the influence of drugs and in post-mortem cases. Forensic Sci Int 2013;226:146-151.
7. http://www.globaldrugsurvey.com/facts-figures/the-global-drug-survey-2014-findings/. Accessed 9 May 2015.
8. Gustavsson D, Escher C. [Mephedrone-Internet drug which seems to have come and stay. Fatal cases in Sweden have drawn attention to previously unknown substance]. Lakartidningen 2009;106:2769-2771.
9. Petit A, Karila L, Sananes M, Lejoyeux. Mephedrone: A new synthetic drug. Presse Med 2013;42:1310-1316.
10. Johnson LA, Johnson RJ, Portier R-B. Current "legal highs". J Emerg Med 2013;44:1108-1115.
11. Uchiyama N, Kikura-Hanajiri R, Kawahara N, Goda Y. [Analysis of designer drugs detected in the products purchased in fiscal year 2006]. Yakugaku Zasshi 2008;128:1499-1505.
12. Spiller HA, Ryan ML, Weston RG, Jansen J. Clinical experience with and analytical confirmation of "bath salts" and "legal highs" (synthetic cathinones) in the United States. Clin Toxicol 2011;49:400-505.
13. Baumann MH, Partilla JS. Lehner KR, Thorndike EB, Hoffman AF, Holy M, et al. Powerful cocaine-like actions of 3,4-methylenedioxypyrovalerone (MDPV), a principal constituent of psychoactive "bath salts" products. Neuropsychopharmcology 2013;38:552-562.
14. Lindeman E, Hulten P, Ström S, Enlund M, Al-Saffar Y, Helander A. [Increased abuse of the Internet drug MDPV in Västmanland. Severe cases of poisoning have given health care major problems]. Lakartidningen 2012;109:1954-1957.
15. Coppola M, Mondola R. 3,4-Methylenedioxypyrovalerone (MDPV): chemistry, pharmacology and toxicology of a new designer drug of abuse marketed online. Toxicol Lett 2012;208:12-15.
16. Simonsen KW, Edvardsen HME, Thelander G, Ojanperä, I, Thordardottir S, Andersen LV, et al. Fatal poisoning in drug addicts in the Nordic countries in 2012. Forensic Sci Int 2015;248: 172-180.
17. EMCDDA. Risk assessments of MDPV. http://www.emcdda.europa. eu/attachements.cfm/att-228256-EN-TDAK14003ENN.pdf. Accessed 1 October 2015.
18. Helander A, Beck O, Hägerkvist R, Hulten P. Identification of novel psychoactive drug use in Sweden based on laboratory analysis-initial experiences from the STRIDA project. Scand J Clin Lab Invest 2013;73:400-406.
19. Helander A, Bäckberg M, Hulteń P, Al-Saffar Y, Beck O. Detection of new psychoactive substance use among emergency room patients: results from the Swedish STRIDA project. Forensic Sci Int 2014;243:23-29.
20. Al-Saffar Y, Stephanson NN, Beck O. Multicomponent LC-MS/MS screening method for detection of new psychoactive drugs, legal highs, in urine-experience from the Swedish population. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2013;930: 112-120.
21. Persson HE, Sjöberg GK, Haines JA, Pronczuk de Garbino J. Poisoning severity score. Grading of acute poisoning. J Toxicol Clin Toxicol 1998;36:205-213.
22. Starmark JE, Stalhammar D, Holmgren E. The Reaction Level Scale (RLS 85). Manual and guidelines. Acta Neurochirurgica 1988;91:12-20.
23. Stalhammar D, Holmgren E, Rosander B. A comparison of the Glasgow Coma Scale and the Reaction Level Scale (RLS85). J Neurosurg 1988;69:699-706.
24. Bertol E, Mari F, Berto RF, Mannaioni G, Vaiano F, Favretto D. A mixed MDPV and benzodiazepine intoxication in a chronic drug abuser: determination of MDPV metabolites by LC-HRMS and discussion of the case. Forensic Sci Int 2014;243:149-155.
25. Borek HA, Holstege CP. Hyperthermia and multiorgan failure after abuse of "bath salts" containing 3,4-methylenedioxypyrovalerone. Ann Emerg Med 2012;60:103-105.
26. Kesha K, Boggs CL, Ripple MG, Allan CH, Levine B, Jufer-Phipps R, et al. Methylenedioxypyrovalerone ("bath salts"), related death: case report and review of the literature. J Forensic Sci 2013;58:1654-1659.
27. Kiirkku P, Rintatalo J, Pihlainen K, Hurme J, Ojanperä I. The effect of banning MDPV on the incidence of MDPV-positive findings among users of illegal drugs and on court decisions in traffic cases in Finland. Int J Legal Med 2015;129:741-749.
28. Bäckberg M, Beck O, Hulteń P, Rosengren-Holmberg J, Helander A. Intoxications of the new psychoactive substance 5-(2-aminopropyl) indole (5-IT): A case series from the Swedish STRIDA project. Clin Toxicol 2014;52:618-624.
29. Helander A, Bäckberg M, Beck O. MT-45, a new psychoactive substance associated with hearing loss and unconsciousness. Clin Toxicol 2014;52:901-904.
30. Bäckberg M, Lindeman E, Beck O, Helander A. Characteristics of analytically confirmed 3-MMC-related intoxications from the Swedish STRIDA project. Clin Toxicol 2015;53:46-53.
31. German CL, Fleckenstein AE, Hanson GR. Bath salts and synthetic cathinones: an emerging designer drug phenomenon. Life Sci 2014;97:2-8.
32. James D, Adams RD, Spears R, Cooper G, Lupton DJ, Thompson JP, Thomas SHL. Clinical characteristics of mephedrone toxicity reported to the UK National Poisons Information Service. Emerg Med J 2011;28:686-689.
33. Kasick DP, McKnight CA, Klisovic E. "Bath salt" ingestion leading to severe intoxication delirium: two cases and a brief review of the emeregence of mephedrone use. Am J Drug Alcohol Abuse 2012:38:176-180.
34. Thornton SL, Gerona RR, Tomaszewski CA. Psychosis from bath salt product containing flephedrone and MDPV with serum, urine, and product quantification. J Med Toxicol 2012:8:310-313.
35. Stoica MV, Fetthous AR. Acute psychosis induced by bath salts: A case report with clinical and forensic implications. J Forensic Sci 2013;58:530-533.
36. Adebamiro A, Perazella MA. Recurrent acute kidney injury following bath salts intoxication. Am J Kidney Dis 2012;59:273-275.
37. Levine M, Levitan R, Skolnik A. Compartment syndrome after "bath salts" use: A case series. Ann Emerg Med 2013;61:480-483.
38. Froberg BA, Levine M, Beuhler MC, Judge BS, Moore PW, Engebretsen KM, et al. Acute methylenedioxypyrovalerone toxicity. J Med Toxicol 2015;11:185-194.
39. Murray BL, Murphy CM, Beuhler MC. Death following recreational use of designer drug "bath salts" containing 3,4-methylenedioxypyrovalerone (MDPV). J Med Toxicol 2012;8:69-75.
40. Kiyatkin EA, Kim AH, Wakabayashi KT, Baumann MH, Shaham Y. Effects of social interaction and warm ambient temperature on brain hyperthermia induced by the designer drugs methylone and MDPV. Neuropsychopharmacology 2015;40:436-445.