Death Following Recreational Use of Designer Drug "Bath Salts" Containing 3,4-Methylenedioxypyrovalerone (MDPV)

Journal of Medical Toxicology

Volumn 8, Issue 1, 2012, Pages 69-75

  Murray, Brittany L ^a   Murphy, Christine M ^a   Beuhler, Michael C ^b  

^a CAROLINAS MEDICAL CENTER   (United States)

^b Carolinas Poison Center   (United States)

Author keywords

3,4 Methylenedioxypyrovalerone; Bath salts; Designer drug; Excited delirium syndrome; MDPV

Indexed keywords

3,4 METHYLENEDIOXYPYROVALERONE; PYROVALERONE; UNCLASSIFIED DRUG;

ACIDOSIS; ADULT; AGGRESSION; AGITATION; ARTICLE; BLOOD CLOTTING DISORDER; BRAIN INJURY; CASE REPORT; CAUSE OF DEATH; COCAINE DEPENDENCE; COMPUTER ASSISTED TOMOGRAPHY; DELUSION; DRUG INTOXICATION; ELECTROCARDIOGRAM; ELECTROENCEPHALOGRAM; HEART ARREST; HIGH PERFORMANCE LIQUID CHROMATOGRAPHY; HIGH PERFORMANCE THIN LAYER CHROMATOGRAPHY; HUMAN; HYPERTHERMIA; MALE; MASS FRAGMENTOGRAPHY; NEUROLOGIC EXAMINATION; RECREATION; RESUSCITATION; RHABDOMYOLYSIS; SINUS TACHYCARDIA; SKIN EXAMINATION; VIOLENCE; VITAL SIGN;

ADULT; BENZODIOXOLES; DESIGNER DRUGS; ELECTROCARDIOGRAPHY; FATAL OUTCOME; HUMANS; MALE; PYRROLIDINES; STREET DRUGS;

EID: 84857748270     PISSN: 15569039     EISSN: 19376995     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1007/s13181-011-0196-9     Document Type: Article

References (28)

1. Spiller H, Ryan M, Weston R, Jansen J (2011) Clinical experience with and analytical confirmation of "bath salts" and "legal highs" (synthetic cathinones) in the United States. Clin Toxicol 49(6): 499-505.
2. Yohannan J, Bozenko J (2010) The characterization of 3, 4-methylenedioxypyrovalerone (MDVP). Microgram Journal 7: 21-15.
3. 1-[(3, 4-Methylenedioxy)phenyl]-2-pyrrolidino-1 alkanones as stimulants (1969) Boehringer Ingelheim Study.
4. Westphal F, Junge T, Rösner P, Sönnichsen F, Schuster F (2009) Mass and NMR spectroscopic characterization of 3, 4-methylenedioxypyrovalerone: a designer drug with alpha-pyrrolidinophenone structure. Forensic Sci Int 190(1-3): 1-8.
5. Uchiyama N, Kikura-Hanajiri R, Kawahara N, Goda Y (2008) Analysis of designer drugs detected in the products purchased in fiscal year 2006. Yakugaku Zasshi 128(10): 1499-1505.
6. Antonowicz J, Metzger A, Ramanujam S (2011) Paranoid psychosis induced by consumption of methylenedioxypyrovalerone: two cases. Gen Hosp Psychiatry 33(6): 640. e5-6.
7. Penders T, Gestring R (2011) Hallucinatory delirium following use of MDPV: "Bath Salts." Gen Hosp Psychiatry 30: 525-526.
8. Kriikku P, Wilhelm L, Schwarz O, Rintatalo J (2011) New designer drug of abuse: 3, 4-methylenedioxypyrovalerone (MDPV) findings from apprehended drivers in Finland. Forensic Sci Int 210(1-3): 195-200.
9. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) (2011) Emergency department visits after use of a drug sold as "bath salts"-Michigan, November 13, 2010-March 31, 2011. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep 60(19): 624-627.
10. Smith C, Cardile C, Miller C (2011) Bath salts as a "legal high." Am J Med. doi: 10. 1016/j. amjmed. 2011. 03. 014.
11. Strano-Rossi S, Cadwallader AB, de la Torre X, Botre F (2010) Toxicological determination and in vitro metabolism of the designer drug methylenedioxypyrovalerone (MDPV) by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry and liquid chromatography/quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry. Rapid Commun Mass Spectrom 24(18): 2706-2714.
12. Meyer M, Du P, Schuster F, Maurer H (2010) Studies on the metabolism of the α-pyrrolidinophenone designer drug methylenedioxy-pyrovalerone (MDPV) in rat and human urine and human liver microsomes using GC-MS and LC-high-resolution MS and its detectability in urine by GC-MS. J Mass Spectrom 45(12): 1426-1442.
13. Meltzer P, Butler D, Deschamps J, Madras B (2006) 1-(4-Methylphenyl)-2-pyrrolidin-1-yl-pentan-1-one (Pyrovalerone) analogs A promising class of monoamine uptake inhibitors. J Med Chem 49(4): 1420-1432.
14. Fuma T, Kodama T, Honda Y, Tanaka T, Kubo Y, Ohashi N et al (2009) Influence of methy lenedioxypyrovalerone on central nervous system using micro dialysis method. ChemBio Integrated Management 5: 62-72.
15. Nagai F et al (2007) The effects of non-medically used psychoactive drugs on monoamine neurotransmission in rat brain. Eur J Pharmacol 559(2-3): 132-137.
16. McElrath K, O'Neill C (2011) Experiences with mephedrone pre-and post-legislative controls: perceptions of safety and sources of supply. Int J Drug Policy 22(2): 120-127.
17. Lusthof KJ, Oostinga R, Maesa A, Verschraagena M, Dijkhuizena A, Spronga AGA (2011) A case of extreme agitation and death after the use of mephedrone in the Netherlands. Forensic Sci Int 206(1-3): e93-e95.
18. Takeuchi AT, Henderson S (2011) Excited delirium. West J Emerg Med 12(1): 77-83.
19. Mash D, Duque L, Pablo J, Qin Y, Adi N, Hearn W, Hyma B, Karch S, Druid H, Wetli C (2009) Brain biomarkers for identifying excited delirium as a cause of sudden death. Forensic Sci Int 190(1-3): e13-e19.
20. Dar K, McBrien M (1996) MDMA induced hyperthermia: report of a fatality and review of current therapy. Intensive Care Med 22(9): 995-996.
21. DiMaio TG, DiMaio VJ (2005) Excited delirium syndrome: cause of death and prevention. CRC Press, New York.
22. Staley J, Welti C, Ruttenber A et al (1995) Altered dopaminergic synaptic markers in cocaine psychosis and sudden death. NIDA Res Monogr Series 153: 491.
23. Bach MC, Gold O, Finland M (1973) Absorption and urinary excretion of trimethoprim, sulfamethoxazole and trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole. J Infect Dis 128(Suppl): 584-598.
24. Weir M, Juurlink D, Gomes T, Mamdani M, Hackam D, Jain A et al (2010) Beta-blockers, trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole, and the risk of hyperkalemia in the elderly: a nested case-control study. Clin J Am Soc Nephrol 5: 1544-1551.
25. Lam N, Weir M, Juurlink D, Gunraj N, Gomes T, Mamdani M et al (2011) Hospital admissions for hyperkalemia with trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole: a cohort study using health care database codes for 393, 039 older women with urinary tract infections. Am J Kidney Dis 57(3): 521-523.
26. Nine J, Moraca M, Virji M, Rao K (1995) Serum-ethanol determination: comparison of lactate and lactate dehydrogenase interference in three enzymatic assays. J Anal Toxicol 19: 192-196.
27. Gharapetian A, Holmes D, Urquhart N, Rosenerg F (2008) Dehydrogenase interference with enzymatic ethanol assays: forgotten but not gone. Clin Chem 54(7): 1251-1252.
28. King G, Bissell M (2011) Does your lab produce false positive ethanol results? AACC/CAP Serum Alcohol Proficiency Survey A12-C: 2-4.