Brain Metastases in NSCLC-are TKIs changing the treatment strategy?

Anticancer Research

Volumn 35, Issue 11, 2015, Pages 5797-5806

  Dempke, Wolfram C M ^a,b   Edvardsen, Klaus ^a   Lu, Shun ^c   Reinmuth, Niels ^d   Reck, Martin ^d   Inoue, Akira ^e  

^a ASTRAZENECA   (United Kingdom)

^b LUDWIG MAXIMILIANS UNIVERSITY   (Germany)

^c Lung Tumor Clinical Medical Center   (China)

^d Member of the German Center for Lung Research   (Germany)

^e TOHOKU UNIVERSITY SCHOOL OF MEDICINE   (Japan)

Author keywords

Brain metastases; NSCLC; Review; Tyrosine kinase inhibitors

Indexed keywords

AFATINIB; ALECTINIB; ANAPLASTIC LYMPHOMA KINASE INHIBITOR; CERITINIB; CRIZOTINIB; ERLOTINIB; GEFITINIB; PROTEIN TYROSINE KINASE INHIBITOR; ANTINEOPLASTIC AGENT; EGFR PROTEIN, HUMAN; EPIDERMAL GROWTH FACTOR RECEPTOR; PROTEIN KINASE INHIBITOR;

BLOOD BRAIN BARRIER; BRAIN METASTASIS; CANCER CHEMOTHERAPY; CANCER SURVIVAL; CLINICAL STUDY; GENE MUTATION; HUMAN; MORBIDITY; MORTALITY; NON SMALL CELL LUNG CANCER; PRIORITY JOURNAL; PROGRESSION FREE SURVIVAL; REVIEW; TREATMENT RESPONSE; ANTAGONISTS AND INHIBITORS; BRAIN NEOPLASMS; CARCINOMA, NON-SMALL-CELL LUNG; GENETICS; LUNG NEOPLASMS; MUTATION; PATHOLOGY; PROGNOSIS; SECONDARY;

ANTINEOPLASTIC AGENTS; BRAIN NEOPLASMS; CARCINOMA, NON-SMALL-CELL LUNG; HUMANS; LUNG NEOPLASMS; MUTATION; PROGNOSIS; PROTEIN KINASE INHIBITORS; RECEPTOR, EPIDERMAL GROWTH FACTOR;

EID: 84946013619     PISSN: 02507005     EISSN: 17917530     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: None     Document Type: Review

References (65)

1. Rahmathulla G, Toms SA and Weil RJ: The molecular biology of brain metastasis. J Oncol 2012, doi:10.1155/2012/723541.
2. D'Antonio C, Passaro A, Gori B, Del Signore E, Migliorino MR, Ricciardi S, Fulvi A and De Marinis F: Bone and brain metastasis in lung cancer: recent advances in therapeutic strategies. Ther Adv Med Oncol 6: 101-114, 2014.
3. Nussbaum ES, Djalilian HR, Cho KH and Hall WA: Brain metastasis. Histology, multiplicity, surgery, and survival. Cancer 78: 1781-1788, 1996.
4. Andrews DW, Scott CB, Sperduto PW, Flanders AE, Gaspar LE, Schell MC, Werner-Wasik M, Demas W, Ryu J, Bahary JP, Souhami L, Rotman M, Mehta MP and Curran WJ Jr: Whole brain radiation therapy with or without stereotactic radiosurgery boost for patients with one to three brain metastases: phase III results of the RTOG 9508 randomised trial. Lancet 363: 1665-1672, 2004.
5. Moscetti L, Nelli F, Felici A, Rinaldi M, De Santis S, D'Auria G, Mansueto G, Tonini G, Sperduti I and Pollera FC: Up-front chemotherapy and radiation treatment in newly diagnosed treatment nonsmall cell lung cancer with brain metastases: survey by outcome research network for evaluation of treatment results in oncology. Cancer 109: 274-281, 2007.
6. Postmus PE and Smit EF: Chemotherapy for brain metastases of lung cancer: a review. Ann Oncol 10: 753-759, 1999.
7. Porta R, Sanchez-Torres JM, Paz-Ares L, Massuti B, Reguart N, Mayo C, Lianes P, Queralt C, Guillem V, Salinas P, Catot S, Isla D, Pradas A, Gúrpide A, de Castro J, Polo E, Puig T, Tarón M, Colomer R and Rosell R: Brain metastases from lung cancer responding to erlotinib: the importance of EGFR mutation. Eur Respir J 37: 624-631, 2011.
8. Park SJ, Kim HT, Lee DH, Kim KP, Kim SW, Suh C and Le JS: Efficacy of epidermal growth factor receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitors for brain metastases in non-small-cell lung cancer harbouring either exon 19 or 21 mutation. Lung Cancer 77: 556-560, 2012.
9. Shapiro WR and Shapiro JR: Principles of brain tumor chemotherapy. Semin Oncol 13: 56-69, 1986.
10. Eichler AF, Chung E, Kodack DP, Loeffler JS, Fukumura D and Jain RK: The biology of brain metastases-translation to new therapies. Nat Rev Clin Oncol 8: 344-356, 2011.
11. Laquintana V, Trapani A, Denora N, Wang F, Gallo JM and Trapani G: New strategies to deliver anticancer drugs to brain tumors. Expert Opin Drug Del 6: 1017-1032, 2009.
12. Weber B, Winterdahl M, Memon A, Sorensen BS, Keiding S, Sorensen L, Nexo E and Meldgaard P: Erlotinib accumulation in brain metastases from non-small cell lung cancer: visualisation by positron emission tomography in a patient harboring a mutation in the epidermal growth factor receptor. J Thorac Oncol 6: 1287-1289, 2011.
13. Togashi Y, Masago K, Masuda S, Mizuno T, Fukudo M, Ikemi Y, Sakamori Y, Nagai H, Kim YH, Katsura T and Mishima M: Cerebrospinal fluid concentration of gefitinib and erlotinib in patients with non-small cell lung cancer. Cancer Chemother Pharmacol 70: 399-405, 2012.
14. Zhao J, Chen M, Zhong W, Zhang L, Li L, Xiao Y, Ni L, Hu P and Wang M: Cerebrospinal fluid concentrations of gefitinib in patients with lung adenocarcinoma. Clin Lung Cancer 14: 188-193, 2013.
15. Zhang J, Yu J, Sun X and Meng X: Epidermal growth factor receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitors in the treatment of central nerve system metastases from non-small cell lung cancer. Cancer Lett 351: 6-12, 2014.
16. Zimmermann S, Dziadziusko R and Peters S: Indications and limitations of chemotheray and targeted agents in non-small cell lung cancer brain metastases. Cancer Treat Rev 40: 718-720, 2014.
17. Fidler IJ, Yano S, Zhang RD, Fujimaki T and Bucana CD: The seed and soil hypothesis: vascularisation and brain metastases. Lancet Oncol 3: 53-57, 2002.
18. Dempke WCM: Targeted therapies in NSCLC-a double-edged sword. Anticancer Res 35: 2503-2512, 2015.
19. Li Z: The retrospective analysis of the frequency of EGFR mutations and the efficacy of gefitinib in NSCLC patients with brain metastases. J Clin Oncol 29(Suppl): abstr. e18065, 2011.
20. Kim JE, Lee DH, Choi Y, Yoon DH, Kim SW, Suh C and Lee JS: Epidermal growth factor receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitors as a first-line therapy for never-smokers with adenocarcinoma of the lung having asymptomatic synchronous brain metastasis. Lung Cancer 65: 351-354, 2009.
21. Welsh JW, Komaki R, Amini A, Munsell MF, Unger W, Allen PK, Chang JY, Wefel JS, McGovern SL, Garland LL, Chen SS, Holt J, Liao Z, Brown P, Sulman E, Heymach JV, Kim ES and Stea B: Phase II trial of erlotinib plus concurrent whole-brain radiation therapy for patients with brain metastases from non-small-cell lung cancer. J Clin Oncol 31: 895-902, 2013.
22. Iuchi T, Shingyoji M, Sakaida T, Hatano K, Nagano O, Itakura M, Kageyama H, Yokoi S, Hasegawa Y, Kawasaki K and Iizasa T: Phase II trial of gefitinib alone without radiation therapy for Japanese patients with brain metastases from EGFR-mutant lung adenocarcinoma. Lung Cancer 82: 282-287, 2013.
23. Hoffknecht P, Tufman A, Wehler T, Pelzer T, Wierodt R, Schütz M, Serke M, Stöhlmacher-Williams J, Märten A, Huber RM and Dickgreber NJ: Efficacy of the irreversible ErbB family blocker afatinib in epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) tyrosine kinase inhinbitor (TKI)-pretreated non-small-cell lung cancer patients with brain metastases or brain metastases or leptomeningeal disease. J Thorac Oncol 10: 156-163, 2015.
24. Li Z: The retrospective analysis of the frequency of EGFR mutations and the efficacy of gefitinib in NSCLC patients with brain metastasis. J Clin Oncol 29(Suppl): abstr. e18065, 2011.
25. Chua D, Krzakowski M, Chouaid C, Pallotta MG, Martinez JI, Gottfried M, Curran W and Throuvalas N: Whole-brain radiation therapy plus concomitant temozolomide for the treatment of brain metastases from non-small-cell lung cancer: a randomized, openlabel phase II study. Clin Lung Cancer 11: 176-181, 2010.
26. Neuhaus T, Ko Y, Muller RP, Grabenbauer GG, Hedde JP, Schueller H, Kocher M, Stier S and Fietkau R: A phase III trial of topotecan and whole brain radiation therapy for patients with CNSmetastases due to lung cancer. Br J Cancer 100: 291-297, 2009.
27. Tsao MN, Lloyd N, Wong RK, Chow E, Rakovitch E, Laperriere N, Xu W and Sahgal A: Whole brain radiotherapy for the treatment of newly diagnosed multiple brain metastases. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 4: CD00869, 2012.
28. Lee DH, Han JY, Kim HT, Yoon SJ, Pyo HR, Cho KH, Shin SH, Yoo H, Lee SH and Lee JS: Primary chemotherapy for newly diagnosed non-small cell lung cancer patients with synchronous brain metastases compared with whole brain radiotherapy administered first: result of a randomized pilot study. Cancer 113: 143-149, 2008.
29. Tallet AV, Azria D, Barlesi F, Spano JP, Carpentier AF, Gonçalves A and Metellus P: Neurocognitive function impairment after whole brain radiotherapy for brain metastases: actual assessment. Radiat Oncol 7: 77, 2012.
30. Ahles TA, Saykin AJ, McDonald BC, Li Y, Furstenberg CT, Hanscom BS, Mulrooney TJ, Schwartz GN and Kaufman PA: Longitudinal assessment of cognitive changes associated with adjuvant treatment for breast cancer: impact of age and cognitive reserve. J Clin Oncol 28: 4434-4440, 2010.
31. de Ruiter MB, Reneman L, Boogerd W, Veltman DJ, van Dam FS, Nederveen AJ, Boven E and Schagen SB: Cerebral hyporesponsiveness and cognitive impairment 10 years after chemotherapy for breast cancer. Hum Brain Mapp 32: 1206-1219, 2011.
32. Ma S, Xu Y, Deng Q and Yu X: Treatment of brain metastasis from non-small cell lung cancer with whole brain radiotherapy and gefitinib in a Chinese population. Lung Cancer 65: 198-203, 2009.
33. Ceresoli GL, Cappuzzo F, Gregorc V, Bartolini S, Crino L and Villa E: Gefitinib in patients with brain metastases from nonsmall-cell lung cancer: a prospective trial. Ann Oncol 15: 1042-1047, 2004.
34. Zeng YD, Zhang L, Liao H, Liang Y, Xu F and Liu JL: Gefitinib alone or with concomitant whole brain radiotherapy for patients with brain metastasis from non-small-cell lung cancer: a retrospective study. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev 13: 909-914, 2012.
35. Zhang JX, Cai D, Li SY, Zhou CZ, Qin YY and Ouyng M: Clinical comparison of erlotinib and gefitinib in non-small cell lung cancer with brain metastases. Chin J Cancer Prev Treat 22: 285-288, 2015.
36. Deeken JF and Loscher W: The blood-brain barrier and cancer: transporters, treatment, and Trojan horses. Clin Cancer Res 13: 1663-1674, 2007.
37. Deng Y, Feng W, Wu J, Chen Z, Tang Y, Zhang H, Liang J, Xian H and Zhang S: The concentration of erlotinib in the cerebrospinal fluid of patients with brain metastasis from nonsmall-cell lung cancer. Mol Clin Oncol 2: 116-120, 2014.
38. Moyer JD, Barbacci EG, Iwata KK, Arnold L, Boman B, Cunningham A, DiOrio C, Doty J, Morin MJ, Moyer MP, Neveu M, Pollack VA, Pustilnik LR, Reynolds MM, Sloan D, Theleman A and Miller P: Induction of apoptosis and cell cycle arrest by CP-358,774, an inhibitor of epidermal growth factor receptor tyrosine kinase. Cancer Res 57: 4838-4848, 1997.
39. Kancha RK, von Bubnoff N, Peschel C and Duyster J: Functional analysis of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) mutations and potential implications for EGFR targeted therapy. Clin Cancer Res 15: 460-467, 2009.
40. Ohara S, Ushijima T, Gunji M, Tanai C, Tanaka Y, Noda H, Horiuchi H and Usui K: Brain metastasis effectively treated with erlotinib following the acquisition of resistance to gefitinib: a case report. J Med Case Rep 8: 64, 2014.
41. Ruppert AM, Beau-Faller M, Neuville A, Guerin E, Voegeli AC, Mennecier B, Legrain M, Molard A, Jeung MY, Gaub MP, Oudet P and Quoix E: EGFR-TKI and lung adenocarcinoma with CNS relapse: interest of molecular follow-up. Eur Respir J 33: 436-440, 2009.
42. Lee E, Keam B, Kim DW, Kim TM, Lee SH, Chung DH and Heo DS: Erlotinib versus gefitinib for control of leptomeningeal carcinomatosis in non-small-cell lung cancer. J Thorac Oncol 8: 1069-1074, 2013.
43. Katayama T, Shimizu J, Suda K, Onozato R, Fukui T, Ito S, Hatooka S, Sueda T, Hida T, Yatabe Y and Mitsudomi T: Efficacy of erlotinib for brain and leptomeningeal metastases in patients with lung adenocarcinoma who showed initial good response to gefitinib. J Thorac Oncol 4: 1415-1419, 2009.
44. Olmez I, Donahue BR, Butler JS, Huang Y, Rubin P and Xu Y: Clinical outcomes in extracranial tumor sites and unusual toxicities with concurrent whole brain radiation (WBRT) and Erlotinib treatment in patients with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) with brain metastasis. Lung Cancer 70: 174-179, 2010.
45. Yu HA, Sima CS, Reales D, Jordan J, Rudin CM, Kris MG, Michor F, Pao W and Riely GJ: A phase I study of twice weekly pulse dose and daily low dose erlotinib as initial treatment for patients (pts) with EGFR-mutant lung cancers. J Clin Oncol 33(Suppl 15s): 426s, 2015.
46. Dempke WCM, Suto T and Reck M: Targeted therapies in NSCLC. Lung Cancer 67: 257-274, 2010.
47. Sequist LV, Yang JCH, Yamamoto N, O'Byrne K, Hirsh V, Mok T, Geater SL, Orlov S, Tsai CM, Boyer M, Su WC, Bennouna J, Kato T, Gorbunova V, Lee KH, Shah R, Massey D, Zazulina V, Shahidi M and Schuler M: Phase III study of afatinib or cisplatin plus pemetrexed in patients with metastatic lung adenocarcinoma with EGFR mutations. J Clin Oncol 27: 3327-3337, 2013.
48. Togashi Y, Masago K, Fukudo M, Terada T, Fujita S, Irisa K, Sakamori Y, Kim YH, Mio T, Inui K and Mishima M: Cerebrospinal fluid concentration of erlotinib and its active metabolite OSI-420 in patients with central nervous system metastases of non-small cell lung cancer. J Thorac Oncol 5: 950-955, 2010.
49. Soda M, Choi YL, Enomoto M, Takada S, Yamashita Y, Ishikawa S, Fujiwara S, Watanabe H, Kurashina K, Hatanaka H, Bando M, Ohno S, Ishikawa Y, Aburatani H, Niki T, Sohara Y, Sugiyama Y and Mano H: Identification of the transforming EML4-ALK fusion gene in non-small-cell lung cancer. Nature 448: 561-566, 2007.
50. Iacono D, Chiari R, Metro G, Bennati C, Bellezza G, Cenci M, Riccciuti B, Sidoni A, Baglivo S, Minotti V and Crino L: Future options for ALK-positive non-small cell lung cancer. Lung Cancer 87: 211-219, 2015.
51. Kerr KM: ALK testing in non-small cell lung carcinoma: what now? J Thoracic Oncol 9: 593-595, 2014.
52. Shaw AT, Kim DW, Nakagawa K, Seto T, Crinó L, Ahn MJ, De Pas T, Besse B, Solomon BJ, Blackhall F, Wu YL, Thomas M, O'Byrne KJ, Moro-Sibilot D, Camidge DR, Mok T, Hirsh V, Riely GJ, Iyer S, Tassell V, Polli A, Wilner KD and Jänne PA: Crizotinib versus chemotherapy in advanced ALK-positive lung cancer. N Engl J Med 368: 2385-2394, 2013.
53. Costa DB, Kobayashi S and Pandya SS: CSF concentration of the anaplastic lymphoma kinase inhibitor crizotinib. J Clin Oncol 29: e443-e445, 2011.
54. Maillet D, Martel-Lafay I, Arpin D and Perol M: Ineffectiveness of crizotinib on brain metastasesin two cases of lung adenocarcinoma with EML4-ALK rearrangement. J Thoracic Oncol 8: e30-e31, 2013.
55. Kim DW, Mehra R, Tan DSW, Felip E, Chow, LQM, Camidge DR. Vansteenkiste JF, Sharma S, De Pas T, Riely GJ, Solomon BJ, Wolf J, Thomas M, Schuler MH, Liu G, Santoro A, Geraldes M, Boral A, Yovine AJ and Shaw AT: Ceritinib in advanced anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK)-rearranged (ALK+) non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC): Results of the ASCEND-1 trial. J Clin Oncol 32(5s): 422s, 2014.
56. Gadgeel SM, Gandhi L, Riely GJ, Chiappori AA, West HL, Azada MC, Morcos PN, Lee RM, Garcia L, Yu L, Boisserie F, Laurenzio LD, Golding S, Sato J, Yokoyama S, Tanaka T, and Ou SHI: Safety and activity of alectinib against systemic disease and brain metastases in patients with crizotinib-resistant ALK-rearranged non-small-cell lung cancer (AF-002JG): results from the dosefinding portion of a phase 1/2 study. Lancet Oncol 15: 1119-1128, 2014.
57. Ou SHI, Ahn JS, Petris DE, Gowindan R, Yang JCH, Hughes BGH, Lena H, Moro-Sibilot D, Bearz A, Ramirez SV, Mekhail T, Spira AI, Zeaiter AH, Bordogna W, Balas WB, Golding S, Morcos PN and Kim DW: Efficacy and safety of the ALK inhibitor alectinib in ALK+ non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients who have failed prior crizotinib: an open-label, single-arm, global phase 2 study (NP28673). J Clin Oncol 33(Suppl 15s): 424s, 2015.
58. Gandhi L, Shaw A, Gadgeel SM, Riely G, Cetnar J, West HJ, Camidge DR, Socinski MA, Chiappori A, Mekhail T, Chao BH, Borghaei H, Gold KA, Zeaiter AH, Bordogna W, Balas B, Puig O, Henschel V and Ou SHI: A phase II, open-label, multicentre study of the ALK inhibitor alectinib in an ALK+ non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) U.S./Canadian population who had progressed on crizotinib (NP28761). J Clin Oncol 33(Suppl 15s): 426s, 2015.
59. Camidge DR, Bang YJ, Kwak EL, Iafrate AJ, Varella-Garcia M, Fox SB, Riely GJ, Solomon B, Ou SH, Kim DW, Salgia R, Fidias P, Engelman JA, Gandhi L, Jänne PA, Costa DB, Shapiro GI, Lorusso P, Ruffner K, Stephenson P, Tang Y, Wilner K, Clark JW and Shaw AT: Activity and safety of crizotinib in patients with ALK-positive non-small-cell lung cancer: updated results from a phase 1 study. Lancet Oncol 13: 1011-1019, 2012.
60. Loong HH, Mok K, Leung LK and Mok TS: Crizotinib in the management of advanced-stage non-small-cell lung cancer. Future Oncol 5: 735-745, 2015.
61. Weickhardt AJ, Scheier B, Burke JM, Gan G, Lu X, Bunn PA, Aisner DL, Gaspar LE, Kavanagh BD, Doebele RC and Camidge DR: Local ablative therapy of oligoprogressive disease prolongs disease control by tyrosine kinase inhibitors in oncogene-addicted non-small-cell lung cancer. J Thorac Oncol 7: 1807-1814, 2012.
62. Costa DB, Shaw AT, Ou SH, Solomon BJ, Riely GJ, Ahn MJ, Zhou C, Shreeve SM, Selaru P, Polli A, Schnell P, Wilner KD, Wiltshire R, Camidge DR and Crino L: Clinical experience with crizotinib in patients with advanced ALK-rearranged non-smallcell lung cancer and brain metastases. J Clin Oncol 33: 1881-1888, 2015.
63. Shaw AT, Kim DW, Mehra R, Tan DS, Felip E, Chow LQ, Camidge DR, Vansteenkiste J, Sharma S, De Pas T, Riely GJ, Solomon BJ, Wolf J, Thomas M, Schuler M, Liu G, Santoro A, Lau YY, Goldwasser M, Boral AL and Engelman JA: Ceritinib in ALK-rearranged non-small-cell lung cancer. N Engl J Med 370: 1189-1197, 2014.
64. Li S, Qi Xiaolong X, Hunag Y, Liu D, Zhou F and Zhou C: Ceritinib (LDK378): a potent alternative to crizotinib for ALKrearrangend non-small-cell lung cancer. Clin Lung Cancer 16: 86-91, 2015.
65. Santarpia M, Altavilla G and Rosell R: Alectinib: a selective, nextgeneration ALK inhibitor for treatment of ALK-rearranged nonsmall-cell lung cancer. Expert Rev Respir Med 9: 255-268, 2015.