메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 28, Issue , 2015, Pages 106-113

Spirochetal motility and chemotaxis in the natural enzootic cycle and development of Lyme disease

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

ARTHROPOD; BACTERIAL FLAGELLUM; BACTERIAL GENE; BACTERIAL GENOME; CHEMOTAXIS; DISEASE TRANSMISSION; GENETIC MANIPULATION; HUMAN; LYME DISEASE; MICROBIAL ACTIVITY; MICROBIAL MORPHOLOGY; NONHUMAN; REVIEW; SPIROCHETAL MOTILITY; SPIROCHETE; TICK; VERTEBRATE; ANIMAL; ARACHNID VECTOR; BORRELIA BURGDORFERI; FLAGELLUM; GENETICS; MICROBIOLOGY; MOUSE; MOVEMENT (PHYSIOLOGY); PATHOGENICITY; PHYSIOLOGY; TRANSMISSION; ULTRASTRUCTURE;

EID: 84945949541     PISSN: 13695274     EISSN: 18790364     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.mib.2015.09.006     Document Type: Review
Times cited : (51)

References (78)
  • 3
    • 0029855068 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Structural analysis of Leptospiraceae and Borrelia burgdorferi by high-voltage electron microscopy
    • Goldstein S.F., Buttle K.F., Charon N.W. Structural analysis of Leptospiraceae and Borrelia burgdorferi by high-voltage electron microscopy. J Bacteriol 1996, 178:6539-6545.
    • (1996) J Bacteriol , vol.178 , pp. 6539-6545
    • Goldstein, S.F.1    Buttle, K.F.2    Charon, N.W.3
  • 4
    • 0028201319 scopus 로고
    • Borrelia burgdorferi swims with a planar waveform similar to that of eukaryotic flagella
    • Goldstein S.F., Charon N.W., Kreiling J.A. Borrelia burgdorferi swims with a planar waveform similar to that of eukaryotic flagella. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 1994, 91:3433-3437.
    • (1994) Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A , vol.91 , pp. 3433-3437
    • Goldstein, S.F.1    Charon, N.W.2    Kreiling, J.A.3
  • 5
    • 0001482907 scopus 로고
    • An abstract of a letter from Mr. Anthony Leewenhoeck at Delft, dated Sep. 17. 1683 containing some microscopical observations, about animals in the scurf of the teeth, the substance call'd worms in the nose, the cuticula consisting of scales
    • Leewenhoeck A. An abstract of a letter from Mr. Anthony Leewenhoeck at Delft, dated Sep. 17. 1683 containing some microscopical observations, about animals in the scurf of the teeth, the substance call'd worms in the nose, the cuticula consisting of scales. Philos. Trans. R. Soc. Publ. 1684, 14:568-574.
    • (1684) Philos. Trans. R. Soc. Publ. , vol.14 , pp. 568-574
    • Leewenhoeck, A.1
  • 8
    • 13444293534 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The burgeoning molecular genetics of the Lyme disease spirochaete
    • Rosa P.A., Tilly K., Stewart P.E. The burgeoning molecular genetics of the Lyme disease spirochaete. Nat Rev Microbiol 2005, 3:129-143.
    • (2005) Nat Rev Microbiol , vol.3 , pp. 129-143
    • Rosa, P.A.1    Tilly, K.2    Stewart, P.E.3
  • 9
    • 84884181567 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • CDC estimates 300000 US cases of Lyme disease annually
    • Kuehn B.M. CDC estimates 300000 US cases of Lyme disease annually. JAMA 2013, 310:1110.
    • (2013) JAMA , vol.310 , pp. 1110
    • Kuehn, B.M.1
  • 10
    • 84929617259 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Epidemiology of Lyme disease
    • Mead P.S. Epidemiology of Lyme disease. Infect Dis Clin North Am 2015, 29:187-210.
    • (2015) Infect Dis Clin North Am , vol.29 , pp. 187-210
    • Mead, P.S.1
  • 12
    • 73949084950 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Leptospira and leptospirosis
    • Adler B., de la Pena M.A. Leptospira and leptospirosis. Vet Microbiol 2010, 140:287-296.
    • (2010) Vet Microbiol , vol.140 , pp. 287-296
    • Adler, B.1    de la Pena, M.A.2
  • 13
    • 70349269503 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Leptospira: the dawn of the molecular genetics era for an emerging zoonotic pathogen
    • Ko A.I., Goarant C., Picardeau M. Leptospira: the dawn of the molecular genetics era for an emerging zoonotic pathogen. Nat Rev Microbiol 2009, 7:736-747.
    • (2009) Nat Rev Microbiol , vol.7 , pp. 736-747
    • Ko, A.I.1    Goarant, C.2    Picardeau, M.3
  • 14
    • 62949134757 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Evolution and pathogenesis of Leptospira spp.: lessons learned from the genomes
    • Xue F., Yan J., Picardeau M. Evolution and pathogenesis of Leptospira spp.: lessons learned from the genomes. Microbes Infect 2009, 11:328-333.
    • (2009) Microbes Infect , vol.11 , pp. 328-333
    • Xue, F.1    Yan, J.2    Picardeau, M.3
  • 17
    • 84868153034 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Analysis of an ordered, comprehensive STM mutant library in infectious Borrelia burgdorferi: insights into the genes required for mouse infectivity
    • Lin T., Gao L., Zhang C., Odeh E., Jacobs M.B., Coutte L., Chaconas G., Philipp M.T., Norris S.J. Analysis of an ordered, comprehensive STM mutant library in infectious Borrelia burgdorferi: insights into the genes required for mouse infectivity. PLoS ONE 2012, 7:e47532.
    • (2012) PLoS ONE , vol.7 , pp. e47532
    • Lin, T.1    Gao, L.2    Zhang, C.3    Odeh, E.4    Jacobs, M.B.5    Coutte, L.6    Chaconas, G.7    Philipp, M.T.8    Norris, S.J.9
  • 18
    • 85047688053 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • FlaA proteins in Leptospira interrogans are essential for motility and virulence but are not required for formation of the flagellum sheath
    • Lambert A., Picardeau M., Haake D.A., Sermswan R.W., Srikram A., Adler B., Murray G.A. FlaA proteins in Leptospira interrogans are essential for motility and virulence but are not required for formation of the flagellum sheath. Infect Immun 2012, 80:2019-2025.
    • (2012) Infect Immun , vol.80 , pp. 2019-2025
    • Lambert, A.1    Picardeau, M.2    Haake, D.A.3    Sermswan, R.W.4    Srikram, A.5    Adler, B.6    Murray, G.A.7
  • 19
    • 73449089074 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Inactivation of the fliY gene encoding a flagellar motor switch protein attenuates mobility and virulence of Leptospira interrogans strain Lai
    • Liao S., Sun A., Ojcius D.M., Wu S., Zhao J., Yan J. Inactivation of the fliY gene encoding a flagellar motor switch protein attenuates mobility and virulence of Leptospira interrogans strain Lai. BMC Microbiol 2009, 9:253.
    • (2009) BMC Microbiol , vol.9 , pp. 253
    • Liao, S.1    Sun, A.2    Ojcius, D.M.3    Wu, S.4    Zhao, J.5    Yan, J.6
  • 21
    • 0029838666 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Dual flaA1 flaB1 mutant of Serpulina hyodysenteriae expressing periplasmic flagella is severely attenuated in a murine model of swine dysentery
    • Rosey E.L., Kennedy M.J., Yancey R.J. Dual flaA1 flaB1 mutant of Serpulina hyodysenteriae expressing periplasmic flagella is severely attenuated in a murine model of swine dysentery. Infect Immun 1996, 64:4154-4162.
    • (1996) Infect Immun , vol.64 , pp. 4154-4162
    • Rosey, E.L.1    Kennedy, M.J.2    Yancey, R.J.3
  • 22
    • 0034819849 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Motility and chemotaxis in tissue penetration of oral epithelial cell layers by Treponema denticola
    • Lux R., Miller J.N., Park N.H., Shi W. Motility and chemotaxis in tissue penetration of oral epithelial cell layers by Treponema denticola. Infect Immun 2001, 69:6276-6283.
    • (2001) Infect Immun , vol.69 , pp. 6276-6283
    • Lux, R.1    Miller, J.N.2    Park, N.H.3    Shi, W.4
  • 24
    • 0036948288 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Genetics of motility and chemotaxis of a fascinating group of bacteria: the Spirochetes
    • Charon N.W., Goldstein S.F. Genetics of motility and chemotaxis of a fascinating group of bacteria: the Spirochetes. Annu Rev Genet 2002, 36:47-73.
    • (2002) Annu Rev Genet , vol.36 , pp. 47-73
    • Charon, N.W.1    Goldstein, S.F.2
  • 26
    • 2642514676 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The periplasmic flagellum of spirochetes
    • Limberger R.J. The periplasmic flagellum of spirochetes. J Mol Microbiol Biotechnol 2004, 7:30-40.
    • (2004) J Mol Microbiol Biotechnol , vol.7 , pp. 30-40
    • Limberger, R.J.1
  • 30
    • 0021674998 scopus 로고
    • Ultrastructure of spirochetes isolated from Ixodes ricinus and Ixodes dammini
    • Hovind Hougen K. Ultrastructure of spirochetes isolated from Ixodes ricinus and Ixodes dammini. Yale J Biol Med 1984, 57:543-548.
    • (1984) Yale J Biol Med , vol.57 , pp. 543-548
    • Hovind Hougen, K.1
  • 32
    • 79956117013 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Chemoreceptors and flagellar motors are subterminally located in close proximity at the two cell poles in spirochetes
    • Xu H., Raddi G., Liu J., Charon N.W., Li C. Chemoreceptors and flagellar motors are subterminally located in close proximity at the two cell poles in spirochetes. J Bacteriol 2011, 193:2652-2656.
    • (2011) J Bacteriol , vol.193 , pp. 2652-2656
    • Xu, H.1    Raddi, G.2    Liu, J.3    Charon, N.W.4    Li, C.5
  • 35
    • 84904295262 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Molecular architecture of bacterial flagellar motor in cells
    • Zhao X., Norris S.J., Liu J. molecular architecture of bacterial flagellar motor in cells. Biochemistry 2014, 53:4323-4333.
    • (2014) Biochemistry , vol.53 , pp. 4323-4333
    • Zhao, X.1    Norris, S.J.2    Liu, J.3
  • 37
    • 84928184720 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Motor rotation is essential for the formation of the periplasmic flagellar ribbon, cellular morphology, and Borrelia burgdorferi persistence within Ixodes scapularis tick and murine hosts
    • Sultan S.Z., Sekar P., Zhao X., Manne A., Liu J., Wooten R.M., Motaleb M.A. Motor rotation is essential for the formation of the periplasmic flagellar ribbon, cellular morphology, and Borrelia burgdorferi persistence within Ixodes scapularis tick and murine hosts. Infect Immun 2015, 83:1765-1777.
    • (2015) Infect Immun , vol.83 , pp. 1765-1777
    • Sultan, S.Z.1    Sekar, P.2    Zhao, X.3    Manne, A.4    Liu, J.5    Wooten, R.M.6    Motaleb, M.A.7
  • 40
    • 67749093018 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Intact flagellar motor of Borrelia burgdorferi revealed by cryo-electron tomography: evidence for stator ring curvature and rotor/C-ring assembly flexion
    • Liu J., Lin T., Botkin D.J., McCrum E., Winkler H., Norris S.J. Intact flagellar motor of Borrelia burgdorferi revealed by cryo-electron tomography: evidence for stator ring curvature and rotor/C-ring assembly flexion. J Bacteriol 2009, 191:5026-5036.
    • (2009) J Bacteriol , vol.191 , pp. 5026-5036
    • Liu, J.1    Lin, T.2    Botkin, D.J.3    McCrum, E.4    Winkler, H.5    Norris, S.J.6
  • 41
    • 79959326635 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A novel gene inactivation system reveals an altered periplasmic flagellar orientation in a Borrelia burgdorferi fliL mutant
    • Motaleb M.A., Pitzer J.E., Sultan S.Z., Liu J. A novel gene inactivation system reveals an altered periplasmic flagellar orientation in a Borrelia burgdorferi fliL mutant. J Bacteriol 2011, 193:3324-3331.
    • (2011) J Bacteriol , vol.193 , pp. 3324-3331
    • Motaleb, M.A.1    Pitzer, J.E.2    Sultan, S.Z.3    Liu, J.4
  • 42
    • 40449134876 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Borrelia burgdorferi uniquely regulates its motility genes and has an intricate flagellar hook-basal body structure
    • Sal M.S., Li C., Motaleb M.A., Shibata S., Aizawa S., Charon N.W. Borrelia burgdorferi uniquely regulates its motility genes and has an intricate flagellar hook-basal body structure. J Bacteriol 2008, 190:1912-1921.
    • (2008) J Bacteriol , vol.190 , pp. 1912-1921
    • Sal, M.S.1    Li, C.2    Motaleb, M.A.3    Shibata, S.4    Aizawa, S.5    Charon, N.W.6
  • 43
    • 0030954110 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • FlaA, a putative flagellar outer sheath protein, is not an immunodominant antigen associated with Lyme disease
    • Ge Y., Charon N.W. FlaA, a putative flagellar outer sheath protein, is not an immunodominant antigen associated with Lyme disease. Infect Immun 1997, 65:2992-2995.
    • (1997) Infect Immun , vol.65 , pp. 2992-2995
    • Ge, Y.1    Charon, N.W.2
  • 44
    • 2942605826 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The decrease in FlaA observed in a flaB mutant of Borrelia burgdorferi occurs posttranscriptionally
    • Motaleb M.A., Sal M.S., Charon N.W. The decrease in FlaA observed in a flaB mutant of Borrelia burgdorferi occurs posttranscriptionally. J Bacteriol 2004, 186:3703-3711.
    • (2004) J Bacteriol , vol.186 , pp. 3703-3711
    • Motaleb, M.A.1    Sal, M.S.2    Charon, N.W.3
  • 46
    • 79955642814 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Analysis of the Borrelia burgdorferi cyclic-di-GMP binding protein PlzA reveals a role in motility and virulence
    • Pitzer J.E., Sultan S.Z., Hayakawa Y., Hobbs G., Miller M.R., Motaleb M.A. Analysis of the Borrelia burgdorferi cyclic-di-GMP binding protein PlzA reveals a role in motility and virulence. Infect Immun 2011, 79:1815-1825.
    • (2011) Infect Immun , vol.79 , pp. 1815-1825
    • Pitzer, J.E.1    Sultan, S.Z.2    Hayakawa, Y.3    Hobbs, G.4    Miller, M.R.5    Motaleb, M.A.6
  • 47
    • 79961113805 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Analysis of the HD-GYP domain cyclic-di-GMP phosphodiesterase reveals a role in motility and enzootic life cycle of Borrelia burgdorferi
    • Sultan S.Z., Pitzer J.E., Boquoi T., Hobbs G., Miller M.R., Motaleb M.A. Analysis of the HD-GYP domain cyclic-di-GMP phosphodiesterase reveals a role in motility and enzootic life cycle of Borrelia burgdorferi. Infect Immun 2011, 79:3273-3283.
    • (2011) Infect Immun , vol.79 , pp. 3273-3283
    • Sultan, S.Z.1    Pitzer, J.E.2    Boquoi, T.3    Hobbs, G.4    Miller, M.R.5    Motaleb, M.A.6
  • 48
    • 77953988576 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Analysis of a Borrelia burgdorferi phosphodiesterase demonstrates a role for cyclic-di-guanosine monophosphate in motility and virulence
    • Sultan S.Z., Pitzer J.E., Miller M.R., Motaleb M.A. Analysis of a Borrelia burgdorferi phosphodiesterase demonstrates a role for cyclic-di-guanosine monophosphate in motility and virulence. Mol Microbiol 2010, 77:128-142.
    • (2010) Mol Microbiol , vol.77 , pp. 128-142
    • Sultan, S.Z.1    Pitzer, J.E.2    Miller, M.R.3    Motaleb, M.A.4
  • 50
    • 43849098574 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Coordinating assembly of a bacterial macromolecular machine
    • Chevance F.F., Hughes K.T. Coordinating assembly of a bacterial macromolecular machine. Nat Rev Microbiol 2008, 6:455-465.
    • (2008) Nat Rev Microbiol , vol.6 , pp. 455-465
    • Chevance, F.F.1    Hughes, K.T.2
  • 52
    • 79251480381 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Bb modulates levels of lipoproteins and key regulators of gene expression (RpoS and BosR) critical for pathogenic mechanisms of Borrelia burgdorferi
    • Bb modulates levels of lipoproteins and key regulators of gene expression (RpoS and BosR) critical for pathogenic mechanisms of Borrelia burgdorferi. Infect Immun 2011, 79:732-744.
    • (2011) Infect Immun , vol.79 , pp. 732-744
    • Karna, S.L.R.1    Sanjuan, E.2    Esteve-Gassent, M.D.3    Miller, C.L.4    Maruskova, M.5    Seshu, J.6
  • 53
    • 70350461399 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Overexpression of CsrA (BB0184) alters the morphology and antigen profiles of Borrelia burgdorferi
    • Sanjuan E., Esteve-Gassent M.D., Maruskova M., Seshu J. Overexpression of CsrA (BB0184) alters the morphology and antigen profiles of Borrelia burgdorferi. Infect Immun 2009, 77:5149-5162.
    • (2009) Infect Immun , vol.77 , pp. 5149-5162
    • Sanjuan, E.1    Esteve-Gassent, M.D.2    Maruskova, M.3    Seshu, J.4
  • 55
    • 79959326874 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • CheY3 of Borrelia burgdorferi is the key response regulator essential for chemotaxis and forms a long-lived phosphorylated intermediate
    • Motaleb M.A., Sultan S.Z., Miller M.R., Li C., Charon N.W. CheY3 of Borrelia burgdorferi is the key response regulator essential for chemotaxis and forms a long-lived phosphorylated intermediate. J Bacteriol 2011, 193:3332-3341.
    • (2011) J Bacteriol , vol.193 , pp. 3332-3341
    • Motaleb, M.A.1    Sultan, S.Z.2    Miller, M.R.3    Li, C.4    Charon, N.W.5
  • 56
    • 77949392836 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Inactivation of a putative flagellar motor switch protein FliG1 prevents Borrelia burgdorferi from swimming in highly viscous media and blocks its infectivity
    • Li C., Xu H., Zhang K., Liang F.T. Inactivation of a putative flagellar motor switch protein FliG1 prevents Borrelia burgdorferi from swimming in highly viscous media and blocks its infectivity. Mol Microbiol 2010, 75:1563-1576.
    • (2010) Mol Microbiol , vol.75 , pp. 1563-1576
    • Li, C.1    Xu, H.2    Zhang, K.3    Liang, F.T.4
  • 59
    • 84855900042 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Of ticks, mice and men: understanding the dual-host lifestyle of Lyme disease spirochaetes
    • Radolf J.D., Caimano M.J., Stevenson B., Hu L.T. Of ticks, mice and men: understanding the dual-host lifestyle of Lyme disease spirochaetes. Nat Rev Microbiol 2012, 10:87-99.
    • (2012) Nat Rev Microbiol , vol.10 , pp. 87-99
    • Radolf, J.D.1    Caimano, M.J.2    Stevenson, B.3    Hu, L.T.4
  • 60
    • 84891115509 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Insights into the biology of Borrelia burgdorferi gained through the application of molecular genetics
    • Groshong A.M., Blevins J.S. Insights into the biology of Borrelia burgdorferi gained through the application of molecular genetics. Adv Appl Microbiol 2014, 86:41-143.
    • (2014) Adv Appl Microbiol , vol.86 , pp. 41-143
    • Groshong, A.M.1    Blevins, J.S.2
  • 62
    • 34547965447 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Tick-host-pathogen interactions in Lyme borreliosis
    • Hovius J.W., Van Dam A.P., Fikrig E. Tick-host-pathogen interactions in Lyme borreliosis. Trends Parasitol 2007, 23:434-438.
    • (2007) Trends Parasitol , vol.23 , pp. 434-438
    • Hovius, J.W.1    Van Dam, A.P.2    Fikrig, E.3
  • 63
    • 84881028121 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Illuminating the roles of the Borrelia burgdorferi adhesins
    • Coburn J., Leong J., Chaconas G. Illuminating the roles of the Borrelia burgdorferi adhesins. Trends Microbiol 2013, 21:372-379.
    • (2013) Trends Microbiol , vol.21 , pp. 372-379
    • Coburn, J.1    Leong, J.2    Chaconas, G.3
  • 64
    • 84895789485 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • What ticks do under your skin: two-photon intravital imaging of Ixodes scapularis feeding in the presence of the lyme disease spirochete
    • Bockenstedt L.K., Gonzalez D., Mao J., Li M., Belperron A.A., Haberman A. What ticks do under your skin: two-photon intravital imaging of Ixodes scapularis feeding in the presence of the lyme disease spirochete. Yale J Biol Med 2014, 87:3-13.
    • (2014) Yale J Biol Med , vol.87 , pp. 3-13
    • Bockenstedt, L.K.1    Gonzalez, D.2    Mao, J.3    Li, M.4    Belperron, A.A.5    Haberman, A.6
  • 65
    • 84864821396 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Borrelia burgdorferi needs chemotaxis to establish infection in mammals and to accomplish its enzootic cycle
    • Sze C.W., Zhang K., Kariu T., Pal U., Li C. Borrelia burgdorferi needs chemotaxis to establish infection in mammals and to accomplish its enzootic cycle. Infect Immun 2012, 80:2485-2492.
    • (2012) Infect Immun , vol.80 , pp. 2485-2492
    • Sze, C.W.1    Zhang, K.2    Kariu, T.3    Pal, U.4    Li, C.5
  • 66
    • 46449086457 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Real-time high resolution 3D imaging of the Lyme disease spirochete adhering to and escaping from the vasculature of a living host
    • Moriarty T.J., Norman M.U., Colarusso P., Bankhead T., Kubes P., Chaconas G. Real-time high resolution 3D imaging of the Lyme disease spirochete adhering to and escaping from the vasculature of a living host. PLoS Pathog 2008, 4:e1000090.
    • (2008) PLoS Pathog , vol.4 , pp. e1000090
    • Moriarty, T.J.1    Norman, M.U.2    Colarusso, P.3    Bankhead, T.4    Kubes, P.5    Chaconas, G.6
  • 67
    • 55449126064 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Molecular mechanisms involved in vascular interactions of the Lyme disease pathogen in a living host
    • Norman M.U., Moriarty T.J., Dresser A.R., Millen B., Kubes P., Chaconas G. Molecular mechanisms involved in vascular interactions of the Lyme disease pathogen in a living host. PLoS Pathog 2008, 4:e1000169.
    • (2008) PLoS Pathog , vol.4 , pp. e1000169
    • Norman, M.U.1    Moriarty, T.J.2    Dresser, A.R.3    Millen, B.4    Kubes, P.5    Chaconas, G.6
  • 70
    • 84860899834 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Borrelia burgdorferi requires the alternative sigma factor RpoS for dissemination within the vector during tick-to-mammal transmission
    • Dunham-Ems S.M., Caimano M.J., Eggers C.H., Radolf J.D. Borrelia burgdorferi requires the alternative sigma factor RpoS for dissemination within the vector during tick-to-mammal transmission. PLoS Pathog 2012, 8:e1002532.
    • (2012) PLoS Pathog , vol.8 , pp. e1002532
    • Dunham-Ems, S.M.1    Caimano, M.J.2    Eggers, C.H.3    Radolf, J.D.4
  • 71
    • 0036561510 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Chemotactic migration of the Lyme disease spirochete (Borrelia burgdorferi) to salivary gland extracts of vector ticks
    • Shih C.M., Chao L.L., Yu C.P. Chemotactic migration of the Lyme disease spirochete (Borrelia burgdorferi) to salivary gland extracts of vector ticks. Am J Trop Med Hyg 2002, 66:616-621.
    • (2002) Am J Trop Med Hyg , vol.66 , pp. 616-621
    • Shih, C.M.1    Chao, L.L.2    Yu, C.P.3
  • 72
    • 33847235021 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Identification of specific chemoattractants and genetic complementation of a Borrelia burgdorferi chemotaxis mutant: flow cytometry-based capillary tube chemotaxis assay
    • Bakker R.G., Li C., Miller M.R., Cunningham C., Charon N.W. Identification of specific chemoattractants and genetic complementation of a Borrelia burgdorferi chemotaxis mutant: flow cytometry-based capillary tube chemotaxis assay. Appl Environ Microbiol 2007, 73:1180-1188.
    • (2007) Appl Environ Microbiol , vol.73 , pp. 1180-1188
    • Bakker, R.G.1    Li, C.2    Miller, M.R.3    Cunningham, C.4    Charon, N.W.5
  • 73
    • 79960955642 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The hybrid sensory histidine kinase Hk1 (BB0420) of Borrelia burgdorferi is part of a two-component system essential for survival in feeding larval and nymphal Ixodes scapularis ticks
    • Caimano M.J., Kenedy M.R., Kairu T., Desrosiers D.D., Harman M., Dunham-Ems S., Akins D., Pal U., Radolf J.D. The hybrid sensory histidine kinase Hk1 (BB0420) of Borrelia burgdorferi is part of a two-component system essential for survival in feeding larval and nymphal Ixodes scapularis ticks. Infect Immun 2011, 79:3117-3130.
    • (2011) Infect Immun , vol.79 , pp. 3117-3130
    • Caimano, M.J.1    Kenedy, M.R.2    Kairu, T.3    Desrosiers, D.D.4    Harman, M.5    Dunham-Ems, S.6    Akins, D.7    Pal, U.8    Radolf, J.D.9
  • 74
    • 84937785554 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cyclic di-GMP modulates gene expression in Lyme disease spirochetes at the tick-mammal interface to promote spirochete survival during the blood meal and tick-to-mammal transmission
    • Caimano M.J., Dunham-Ems S., Allard A.M., Cassera M.B., Kenedy M., Radolf J.D. Cyclic di-GMP modulates gene expression in Lyme disease spirochetes at the tick-mammal interface to promote spirochete survival during the blood meal and tick-to-mammal transmission. Infect Immun 2015, 83:3043-3060.
    • (2015) Infect Immun , vol.83 , pp. 3043-3060
    • Caimano, M.J.1    Dunham-Ems, S.2    Allard, A.M.3    Cassera, M.B.4    Kenedy, M.5    Radolf, J.D.6
  • 76
    • 33744787604 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Borrelia burgdorferi-traveling incognito?
    • Fikrig E., Narasimhan S. Borrelia burgdorferi-traveling incognito?. Microbes Infect 2006, 8:1390-1399.
    • (2006) Microbes Infect , vol.8 , pp. 1390-1399
    • Fikrig, E.1    Narasimhan, S.2
  • 77
    • 52049119719 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Molecular characterization and related aspects of the innate immune response in ticks
    • Sonenshine D.E., Hynes W.L. Molecular characterization and related aspects of the innate immune response in ticks. Front Biosci 2008, 13:7046-7063.
    • (2008) Front Biosci , vol.13 , pp. 7046-7063
    • Sonenshine, D.E.1    Hynes, W.L.2


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.