Chemoreceptors and flagellar motors are subterminally located in close proximity at the two cell poles in spirochetes

Journal of Bacteriology

Volumn 193, Issue 10, 2011, Pages 2652-2656

  Xu, Hongbin ^a   Raddi, Gianmarco ^b,d   Liu, Jun ^b   Charon, Nyles W ^c   Li, Chunhao ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY AT BUFFALO   (United States)

^b UNIVERSITY OF TEXAS MEDICAL SCHOOL   (United States)

^c WEST VIRGINIA UNIVERSITY   (United States)

^d RICE UNIVERSITY   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

BACTERIAL PROTEIN; GREEN FLUORESCENT PROTEIN;

ARTICLE; BACTERIAL FLAGELLUM; BORRELIA BURGDORFERI; CHEMORECEPTOR; CHEMOTAXIS; ELECTRON TOMOGRAPHY; MOTOR ACTIVITY; NONHUMAN; POLARIZATION; PRIORITY JOURNAL; PROTEIN LOCALIZATION; SPIROCHETE;

BACTERIAL PROTEINS; BORRELIA BURGDORFERI; ELECTRON MICROSCOPE TOMOGRAPHY; GREEN FLUORESCENT PROTEINS; MICROSCOPY, FLUORESCENCE; MOLECULAR MOTOR PROTEINS;

BORRELIA BURGDORFERI;

EID: 79956117013     PISSN: 00219193     EISSN: 10985530     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1128/JB.01530-10     Document Type: Article

References (37)

1. Alexander, R. P., and I. B. Zhulin. 2007. Evolutionary genomics reveals conserved structural determinants of signaling and adaptation in microbial chemoreceptors. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. 104:2885-2890.
2. Ames, P., C. A. Studdert, R. H. Reiser, and J. S. Parkinson. 2002. Collaborative signaling by mixed chemoreceptor teams in Escherichia coli. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. 99:7060-7065.
3. Armitage, J. P. 1999. Bacterial tactic responses. Adv. Microb. Physiol. 41: 229-289.
4. Bakker, R. G., C. Li, M. R. Miller, C. Cunningham, and N. W. Charon. 2007. Identification of specific chemoattractants and genetic complementation of a Borrelia burgdorferi chemotaxis mutant: flow cytometry-based capillary tube chemotaxis assay. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 73:1180-1188.
5. Bardy, S. L., and J. R. Maddock. 2007. Polar explorations recent insights into the polarity of bacterial proteins. Curr. Opin. Microbiol. 10:617-623.
6. Briegel, A., et al. 2009. Universal architecture of bacterial chemoreceptor arrays. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. 106:17181-17186.
7. Charon, N. W., and S. F. Goldstein. 2002. Genetics of motility and chemotaxis of a fascinating group of bacteria: the spriochetes. Annu. Rev. Genet. 36:47-73.
8. Charon, N. W., et al. 2009. The flat-ribbon configuration of the periplasmic flagella of Borrelia burgdorferi and its relationship to motility and morphology. J. Bacteriol. 191:600-607.
9. Eggers, C. H., et al. 2002. Identification of loci critical for replication and compatibility of a Borrelia burgdorferi cp32 plasmid and use of a cp32-based shuttle vector for the expression of fluorescent reporters in the Lyme disease spirochaete. Mol. Microbiol. 43:281-295.
10. Fosnaugh, K., and E. P. Greenberg. 1989. Chemotaxis mutants of Spirochaeta aurantia. J. Bacteriol. 171:606-611.
11. Frank, K. L., S. F. Bundle, M. E. Kresge, C. H. Eggers, and D. S. Samuels. 2003. aadA confers streptomycin resistance in Borrelia burgdorferi. J. Bacteriol. 185:6723-6727.
12. Fraser, C. M., et al. 1997. Genomic sequence of a Lyme disease spirochaete, Borrelia burgdorferi. Nature 390:580-586.
13. Ge, Y., I. G. Old, I. Saint Girons, and N. W. Charon. 1997. Molecular characterization of a large Borrelia burgdorferi motility operon which is initiated by a consensus (70 promoter. J. Bacteriol. 179:2289-2299.
14. Gestwicki, J. E., et al. 2000. Evolutionary conservation of methyl-accepting chemotaxis protein location in bacteria and archaea. J. Bacteriol. 182:6499-6502.
15. Goldstein, S. F., K. F. Buttle, and N. W. Charon. 1996. Structural analysis of the Leptospiraceae and Borrelia burgdorferi using high-voltage electron microscopy. J. Bacteriol. 178:6539-6545.
16. Goulbourne, E. A., Jr., and E. P. Greenberg. 1981. Chemotaxis of Spirochaeta aurantia: involvement of membrane potential in chemosensory signal transduction. J. Bacteriol. 148:837-844.
17. Hazelbauer, G. L., J. J. Falke, and J. S. Parkinson. 2008. Bacterial chemoreceptors: high-performance signaling in networked arrays. Trends Biochem. Sci. 33:9-19.
18. Hovind-Hougen, K. 1984. Ultrastructure of spirochetes isolated from Ixodes ricinus and Ixodes dammini. Yale J. Biol. Med. 57:543-548.
19. Kentner, D., and V. Sourjik. 2006. Spatial organization of the bacterial chemotaxis system. Curr. Opin. Microbiol. 9:619-624.
20. Khursigara, C. M., X. Wu, P. Zhang, J. Lefman, and S. Subramaniam. 2008. Role of HAMP domains in chemotaxis signaling by bacterial chemoreceptors. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. 105:16555-16560.
21. Kremer, J. R., D. N. Mastronarde, and J. R. McIntosh. 1996. Computer visualization of three-dimensional image data using IMOD. J. Struct. Biol. 116:71-76.
22. Kudryashev, M., et al. 2009. Comparative cryo-electron tomography of pathogenic Lyme disease spirochetes. Mol. Microbiol. 71:1415-1434.
23. Lefman, J., et al. 2004. Three-dimensional electron microscopic imaging of membrane invaginations in Escherichia coli overproducing the chemotaxis receptor Tsr. J. Bacteriol. 186:5052-5061.
24. Li, C., et al. 2002. Asymmetrical flagellar rotation in Borrelia burgdorferi nonchemotactic mutants. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. 99:6169-6174.
25. Li, C., H. Xu, K. Zhang, and F. T. Liang. 2010. Inactivation of a putative flagellar motor switch protein FliG1 prevents Borrelia burgdorferi from swimming in highly viscous media and blocks its infectivity. Mol. Microbiol. 75:1563-1576.
26. Liu, J., et al. 2010. Cellular architecture of Treponema pallidum: novel flagellum, periplasmic cone, and cell envelope as revealed by cryo electron tomography. J. Mol. Biol. 403:546-561.
27. Liu, J., et al. 2009. Intact flagellar motor of Borrelia burgdorferi revealed by cryo-electron tomography: evidence for stator ring curvature and rotor/Cring assembly flexion. J. Bacteriol. 191:5026-5036.
28. Lux, R., J. H. Sim, J. P. Tsai, and W. Shi. 2002. Construction and characterization of a cheA mutant of Treponema denticola. J. Bacteriol. 184:3130-3134.
29. Maddock, J. R., and L. Shapiro. 1993. Polar location of the chemoreceptor complex in the Escherichia coli cell. Science 259:1717-1723.
30. Motaleb, M. A., et al. 2005. CheX is a phosphorylated CheY phosphatase essential for Borrelia burgdorferi chemotaxis. J. Bacteriol. 187:7963-7969.
31. Samuels, D. S. 1995. Electrotransformation of the spirochete Borrelia burgdorferi. Methods Mol. Biol. 47:253-259.
32. Shapiro, L., H. H. McAdams, and R. Losick. 2009. Why and how bacteria localize proteins. Science 326:1225-1228.
33. Sourjik, V., and J. P. Armitage. 2010. Spatial organization in bacterial chemotaxis. EMBO J. 29:2724-2733.
34. Sourjik, V., and H. C. Berg. 2000. Localization of components of the chemotaxis machinery of Escherichia coli using fluorescent protein fusions. Mol. Microbiol. 37:740-751.
35. Wadhams, G. H., and J. P. Armitage. 2004. Making sense of it all: bacterial chemotaxis. Nat. Rev. Mol. Cell Biol. 5:1024-1037.
36. Weis, R. M., et al. 2003. Electron microscopic analysis of membrane assemblies formed by the bacterial chemotaxis receptor Tsr. J. Bacteriol. 185:3636-3643.
37. Zhang, P., et al. 2004. Direct visualization of receptor arrays in frozenhydrated sections and plunge-frozen specimens of E. coli engineered to overproduce the chemotaxis receptor Tsr. J. Microsc. 216:76-83.