메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 47, Issue 1-2, 2016, Pages 433-449

Correction to: Shallowness of tropical low clouds as a predictor of climate models’ response to warming (Climate Dynamics, (2016), 47, 1-2, (433-449), 10.1007/s00382-015-2846-0);Shallowness of tropical low clouds as a predictor of climate models’ response to warming

Author keywords

Climate sensitivity; Convection; Low clouds; Tropics; Turbulence

Indexed keywords

BOUNDARY LAYER; CLIMATE MODELING; CLOUD COVER; CONVECTIVE SYSTEM; ENSEMBLE FORECASTING; GLOBAL WARMING; SENSITIVITY ANALYSIS; TROPICAL METEOROLOGY; TURBULENCE; WEATHER FORECASTING;

EID: 84944542733     PISSN: 09307575     EISSN: 14320894     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1007/s00382-021-05675-2     Document Type: Erratum
Times cited : (102)

References (90)
  • 1
    • 19944434306 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The new GFDL global atmosphere and land model AM2–LM2: evaluation with prescribed SST simulations
    • Anderson J et al (2004) The new GFDL global atmosphere and land model AM2–LM2: evaluation with prescribed SST simulations. J Clim 17:4641–4673
    • (2004) J Clim , vol.17 , pp. 4641-4673
    • Anderson, J.1
  • 2
    • 0001241791 scopus 로고
    • Interaction of a cumulus cloud ensemble with the large-scale environment, part I
    • Arakawa A, Schubert WH (1974) Interaction of a cumulus cloud ensemble with the large-scale environment, part I. J Atmos Sci 31:674–701
    • (1974) J Atmos Sci , vol.31 , pp. 674-701
    • Arakawa, A.1    Schubert, W.H.2
  • 3
    • 0022849418 scopus 로고
    • A new convective adjustment scheme. Part I: observational and theoretical basis
    • Betts AK (1986) A new convective adjustment scheme. Part I: observational and theoretical basis. Q J R Meteorol Soc 112:677–691
    • (1986) Q J R Meteorol Soc , vol.112 , pp. 677-691
    • Betts, A.K.1
  • 4
    • 0000854326 scopus 로고
    • The vertical distribution of wind and turbulent exchange in a neutral atmosphere
    • Blackadar AK (1962) The vertical distribution of wind and turbulent exchange in a neutral atmosphere. J Geophys Res 67:3095–3102
    • (1962) J Geophys Res , vol.67 , pp. 3095-3102
    • Blackadar, A.K.1
  • 5
    • 0027799971 scopus 로고
    • Climate change and the regulation of the surface moisture and energy budgets
    • Boer G (1993) Climate change and the regulation of the surface moisture and energy budgets. Clim Dyn 8:225–239
    • (1993) Clim Dyn , vol.8 , pp. 225-239
    • Boer, G.1
  • 6
    • 28944450038 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Marine boundary layer clouds at the heart of tropical cloud feedback uncertainties in climate models
    • Bony S, Dufresne J-L (2005) Marine boundary layer clouds at the heart of tropical cloud feedback uncertainties in climate models. Geophys Res Lett 32:L20806
    • (2005) Geophys Res Lett , vol.32 , pp. L20806
    • Bony, S.1    Dufresne, J.-L.2
  • 8
    • 0035515160 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A parameterization of the cloudiness associated with cumulus convection; evaluation using TOGA COARE data
    • Bony S, Emanuel KA (2001) A parameterization of the cloudiness associated with cumulus convection; evaluation using TOGA COARE data. J Atmos Sci 58:3158–3183
    • (2001) J Atmos Sci , vol.58 , pp. 3158-3183
    • Bony, S.1    Emanuel, K.A.2
  • 9
    • 33645824121 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • How well do we understand and evaluate climate change feedback processes?
    • Bony S et al (2006) How well do we understand and evaluate climate change feedback processes? J Clim 19:3445–3482
    • (2006) J Clim , vol.19 , pp. 3445-3482
    • Bony, S.1
  • 11
    • 33744767215 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Climate process teams: a new approach to improving climate models
    • Bretherton C, Ferrari R, Legg S (2004) Climate process teams: a new approach to improving climate models. US CLIVAR Var 2:1–6
    • (2004) US CLIVAR Var , vol.2 , pp. 1-6
    • Bretherton, C.1    Ferrari, R.2    Legg, S.3
  • 12
    • 84880790152 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Mechanisms of marine low cloud sensitivity to idealized climate perturbations: a single-LES exploration extending the CGILS cases
    • Bretherton CS, Blossey PN, Jones CR (2013) Mechanisms of marine low cloud sensitivity to idealized climate perturbations: a single-LES exploration extending the CGILS cases. J Adv Model Earth Syst 5:316–337
    • (2013) J Adv Model Earth Syst , vol.5 , pp. 316-337
    • Bretherton, C.S.1    Blossey, P.N.2    Jones, C.R.3
  • 13
    • 84868004805 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • How may low-cloud radiative properties simulated in the current climate influence low-cloud feedbacks under global warming?
    • Brient F, Bony S (2012) How may low-cloud radiative properties simulated in the current climate influence low-cloud feedbacks under global warming? Geophys Res Lett 39:L20807. doi:10.1029/2012GL053265
    • (2012) Geophys Res Lett , vol.39 , pp. L20807
    • Brient, F.1    Bony, S.2
  • 14
    • 84876877680 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Interpretation of the positive low-cloud feedback predicted by a climate model under global warming
    • Brient F, Bony S (2013) Interpretation of the positive low-cloud feedback predicted by a climate model under global warming. Clim Dyn 40:2415–2431
    • (2013) Clim Dyn , vol.40 , pp. 2415-2431
    • Brient, F.1    Bony, S.2
  • 15
    • 0028870830 scopus 로고
    • Sensitivity of a general circulation model to parameterizations of cloud-turbulence interactions in the atmospheric boundary layer
    • Brinkop S, Roeckner E (1995) Sensitivity of a general circulation model to parameterizations of cloud-turbulence interactions in the atmospheric boundary layer. Tellus A 47:197–220
    • (1995) Tellus A , vol.47 , pp. 197-220
    • Brinkop, S.1    Roeckner, E.2
  • 16
    • 0030449120 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cloud feedback in atmospheric general circulation models: an update
    • Cess R et al (1996) Cloud feedback in atmospheric general circulation models: an update. J Geophys Res 101:12 791–12 794
    • (1996) J Geophys Res , vol.101 , pp. 12 791-12 794
    • Cess, R.1
  • 17
    • 0025680011 scopus 로고
    • Intercomparison and interpretation of climate feedback processes in 19 atmospheric general circulation models
    • Cess RD et al (1990) Intercomparison and interpretation of climate feedback processes in 19 atmospheric general circulation models. J Geophys Res 95(601):216
    • (1990) J Geophys Res , vol.95 , Issue.601 , pp. 216
    • Cess, R.D.1
  • 20
    • 77955561334 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A cumulus parameterization with state-dependent entrainment rate. Part I: description and sensitivity to temperature and humidity profiles
    • Chikira M, Sugiyama M (2010) A cumulus parameterization with state-dependent entrainment rate. Part I: description and sensitivity to temperature and humidity profiles. J Atmos Sci 67:2171–2193
    • (2010) J Atmos Sci , vol.67 , pp. 2171-2193
    • Chikira, M.1    Sugiyama, M.2
  • 21
    • 0029412224 scopus 로고
    • A simple parameterization of cloud water related variables for use in boundary layer models
    • Cuijpers J, Bechtold P (1995) A simple parameterization of cloud water related variables for use in boundary layer models. J Atmos Sci 52:2486–2490
    • (1995) J Atmos Sci , vol.52 , pp. 2486-2490
    • Cuijpers, J.1    Bechtold, P.2
  • 22
    • 79955446270 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The ERA-interim reanalysis: configuration and performance of the data assimilation system
    • Dee D et al (2011) The ERA-interim reanalysis: configuration and performance of the data assimilation system. Q J R Meteorol Soc 137:553–597
    • (2011) Q J R Meteorol Soc , vol.137 , pp. 553-597
    • Dee, D.1
  • 23
    • 0000200471 scopus 로고
    • Efficient cumulus parameterization for long-term climate studies: the GISS scheme. The representation of cumulus convection in numerical models
    • Del Genio A, Yao M (1993) Efficient cumulus parameterization for long-term climate studies: the GISS scheme. The representation of cumulus convection in numerical models. Meteorol Monogr 46:181–184
    • (1993) Meteorol Monogr , vol.46 , pp. 181-184
    • Del Genio, A.1    Yao, M.2
  • 24
    • 0029751999 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A prognostic cloud water parameterization for global climate models
    • Del Genio A, Yao M, Kovari W (1996) A prognostic cloud water parameterization for global climate models. J Clim 9:270–304
    • (1996) J Clim , vol.9 , pp. 270-304
    • Del Genio, A.1    Yao, M.2    Kovari, W.3
  • 25
    • 79955044421 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The dynamical core, physical parameterizations, and basic simulation characteristics of the atmospheric component AM3 of the GFDL global coupled model CM3
    • Donner LJ et al (2011) The dynamical core, physical parameterizations, and basic simulation characteristics of the atmospheric component AM3 of the GFDL global coupled model CM3. J Clim 24:3484–3519
    • (2011) J Clim , vol.24 , pp. 3484-3519
    • Donner, L.J.1
  • 26
    • 56349157052 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • An assessment of the primary sources of spread of global warming estimates from coupled atmosphere-ocean models
    • Dufresne J-L, Bony S (2008) An assessment of the primary sources of spread of global warming estimates from coupled atmosphere-ocean models. J Clim 21:5135–5144
    • (2008) J Clim , vol.21 , pp. 5135-5144
    • Dufresne, J.-L.1    Bony, S.2
  • 27
    • 84976281786 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Earthcare mission requirement document. Technical report
    • EarthCARE Mission Advisory Group (2006) Earthcare mission requirement document. Technical report, ESA. http://esamultimedia.esa.int/docs/EarthObservation/EarthCARE_MRD_v5.pdf
    • (2006) ESA
  • 28
    • 0026305596 scopus 로고
    • A scheme for representing cumulus convection in large-scale models
    • Emanuel K (1991) A scheme for representing cumulus convection in large-scale models. J Atmos Sci 48:2313–2329
    • (1991) J Atmos Sci , vol.48 , pp. 2313-2329
    • Emanuel, K.1
  • 29
    • 0039793298 scopus 로고
    • A cumulus representation based on the episodic mixing model: the importance of mixing and microphysics in predicting humidity
    • Emanuel K (1993) A cumulus representation based on the episodic mixing model: the importance of mixing and microphysics in predicting humidity. AMS Meteorol Monogr 24:185–192
    • (1993) AMS Meteorol Monogr , vol.24 , pp. 185-192
    • Emanuel, K.1
  • 30
    • 23044528708 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Importance of cumulus parameterization for precipitation simulation over East Asia in June
    • Emori S, Nozawa T, Numaguti A, Uno I (2001) Importance of cumulus parameterization for precipitation simulation over East Asia in June. J Meteorol Soc Jpn 79:939–947
    • (2001) J Meteorol Soc Jpn , vol.79 , pp. 939-947
    • Emori, S.1    Nozawa, T.2    Numaguti, A.3    Uno, I.4
  • 31
    • 84880273895 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Evaluating adjusted forcing and model spread for historical and future scenarios in the CMIP5 generation of climate models
    • Forster PM, Andrews T, Good P, Gregory JM, Jackson LS, Zelinka M (2013) Evaluating adjusted forcing and model spread for historical and future scenarios in the CMIP5 generation of climate models. J Geophys Res 118:1139–1150
    • (2013) J Geophys Res , vol.118 , pp. 1139-1150
    • Forster, P.M.1    Andrews, T.2    Good, P.3    Gregory, J.M.4    Jackson, L.S.5    Zelinka, M.6
  • 32
    • 84858256367 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The evolution of climate sensitivity and climate feedbacks in the community atmosphere model
    • Gettelman A, Kay J, Shell K (2012) The evolution of climate sensitivity and climate feedbacks in the community atmosphere model. J Clim 25:1453–1469
    • (2012) J Clim , vol.25 , pp. 1453-1469
    • Gettelman, A.1    Kay, J.2    Shell, K.3
  • 33
    • 0025590082 scopus 로고
    • A mass flux convection scheme with representation of cloud ensemble characteristics and stability-dependent closure
    • Gregory D, Rowntree P (1990) A mass flux convection scheme with representation of cloud ensemble characteristics and stability-dependent closure. Mon Weather Rev 118:1483–1506
    • (1990) Mon Weather Rev , vol.118 , pp. 1483-1506
    • Gregory, D.1    Rowntree, P.2
  • 34
    • 40849113474 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Tropospheric adjustment induces a cloud component in CO2 forcing
    • Gregory J, Webb M (2008) Tropospheric adjustment induces a cloud component in CO2 forcing. J Clim 21:58–71
    • (2008) J Clim , vol.21 , pp. 58-71
    • Gregory, J.1    Webb, M.2
  • 35
    • 0028193574 scopus 로고
    • Parameterization of moist convection in the National Center for Atmospheric Research community climate model (CCM2)
    • Hack JJ (1994) Parameterization of moist convection in the National Center for Atmospheric Research community climate model (CCM2). J Geophys Res 99:5551–5568
    • (1994) J Geophys Res , vol.99 , pp. 5551-5568
    • Hack, J.J.1
  • 36
    • 85081148572 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • An important constraint on tropical cloud-climate feedback
    • Hartmann DL, Larson K (2002) An important constraint on tropical cloud-climate feedback. Geophys Res Lett 29:1951–1954
    • (2002) Geophys Res Lett , vol.29 , pp. 1951-1954
    • Hartmann, D.L.1    Larson, K.2
  • 37
    • 0020414676 scopus 로고
    • On the height of the tropopause and the static stability of the troposphere
    • Held IM (1982) On the height of the tropopause and the static stability of the troposphere. J Atmos Sci 39:412–417
    • (1982) J Atmos Sci , vol.39 , pp. 412-417
    • Held, I.M.1
  • 38
    • 33750617761 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Robust responses of the hydrological cycle to global warming
    • Held IM, Soden BJ (2006) Robust responses of the hydrological cycle to global warming. J Clim 19:5686–5699
    • (2006) J Clim , vol.19 , pp. 5686-5699
    • Held, I.M.1    Soden, B.J.2
  • 39
    • 84876843065 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • LMDZ5B: the atmospheric component of the IPSL climate model with revisited parameterizations for clouds and convection
    • Hourdin F et al (2013) LMDZ5B: the atmospheric component of the IPSL climate model with revisited parameterizations for clouds and convection. Clim Dyn 40:2193–2222
    • (2013) Clim Dyn , vol.40 , pp. 2193-2222
    • Hourdin, F.1
  • 40
    • 84878412504 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Resolved versus parametrized boundary-layer plumes. Part III: derivation of a statistical scheme for cumulus clouds
    • Jam A, Hourdin F, Rio C, Couvreux F (2013) Resolved versus parametrized boundary-layer plumes. Part III: derivation of a statistical scheme for cumulus clouds. Boundary Layer Meteorol 147:421–441
    • (2013) Boundary Layer Meteorol , vol.147 , pp. 421-441
    • Jam, A.1    Hourdin, F.2    Rio, C.3    Couvreux, F.4
  • 41
    • 84871273100 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • On the robustness of tropospheric adjustment in CMIP5 models
    • Kamae Y, Watanabe M (2012) On the robustness of tropospheric adjustment in CMIP5 models. Geophys Res Lett 39:L23808. doi:10.1029/2012GL054275
    • (2012) Geophys Res Lett , vol.39 , pp. L23808
    • Kamae, Y.1    Watanabe, M.2
  • 42
    • 84888025348 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • 2: its timescale and the role of land-sea contrast
    • 2: its timescale and the role of land-sea contrast. Clim Dyn 41:3007–3024
    • (2013) Clim Dyn , vol.41 , pp. 3007-3024
    • Kamae, Y.1    Watanabe, M.2
  • 43
    • 84920933805 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Examples of mechanisms for negative cloud feedback of stratocumulus and stratus in cloud parameterizations
    • Kawai H (2012) Examples of mechanisms for negative cloud feedback of stratocumulus and stratus in cloud parameterizations. Sci Online Lett Atmos 8:150–154
    • (2012) Sci Online Lett Atmos , vol.8 , pp. 150-154
    • Kawai, H.1
  • 44
    • 0019366607 scopus 로고
    • Land surface processes in a simplified general circulation model
    • Laval K, Sadourny R, Serafini Y (1981) Land surface processes in a simplified general circulation model. Geophys Astrophys Fluid Dyn 17:129–150
    • (1981) Geophys Astrophys Fluid Dyn , vol.17 , pp. 129-150
    • Laval, K.1    Sadourny, R.2    Serafini, Y.3
  • 45
    • 0026301122 scopus 로고
    • Sensitivity of an atmospheric general circulation model to prescribed sst changes: feedback effects associated with the simulation of cloud optical properties
    • Le Treut H, Li Z (1991) Sensitivity of an atmospheric general circulation model to prescribed sst changes: feedback effects associated with the simulation of cloud optical properties. Clim Dyn 5:175–187
    • (1991) Clim Dyn , vol.5 , pp. 175-187
    • Le Treut, H.1    Li, Z.2
  • 46
    • 0034276838 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A new boundary layer mixing scheme. Part I: scheme description and single-column model tests
    • Lock A, Brown A, Bush M, Martin G, Smith R (2000) A new boundary layer mixing scheme. Part I: scheme description and single-column model tests. Mon Weather Rev 128:3187–3199
    • (2000) Mon Weather Rev , vol.128 , pp. 3187-3199
    • Lock, A.1    Brown, A.2    Bush, M.3    Martin, G.4    Smith, R.5
  • 47
    • 12144258318 scopus 로고
    • A parametric model of vertical eddy fluxes in the atmosphere
    • Louis J (1979) A parametric model of vertical eddy fluxes in the atmosphere. Bound Layer Meteorol 17:187–202
    • (1979) Bound Layer Meteorol , vol.17 , pp. 187-202
    • Louis, J.1
  • 48
    • 0000182902 scopus 로고
    • The Canadian Climate Centre second-generation general circulation model and its equilibrium climate
    • McFarlane NA, Boer G, Blanchet J, Lazare M (1992) The Canadian Climate Centre second-generation general circulation model and its equilibrium climate. J Clim 5:1013–1044
    • (1992) J Clim , vol.5 , pp. 1013-1044
    • McFarlane, N.A.1    Boer, G.2    Blanchet, J.3    Lazare, M.4
  • 49
    • 0000265493 scopus 로고
    • A hierarchy of turbulence closure models for planetary boundary layers
    • Mellor GL, Yamada T (1974) A hierarchy of turbulence closure models for planetary boundary layers. J Atmos Sci 31:1791–1806
    • (1974) J Atmos Sci , vol.31 , pp. 1791-1806
    • Mellor, G.L.1    Yamada, T.2
  • 50
    • 0020330926 scopus 로고
    • Development of a turbulence closure model for geophysical fluid problems
    • Mellor GL, Yamada T (1982) Development of a turbulence closure model for geophysical fluid problems. Rev Geophys 20:851–875
    • (1982) Rev Geophys , vol.20 , pp. 851-875
    • Mellor, G.L.1    Yamada, T.2
  • 52
    • 0028607746 scopus 로고
    • A comparison of shear-and buoyancy-driven planetary boundary layer flows
    • Moeng C-H, Sullivan PP (1994) A comparison of shear-and buoyancy-driven planetary boundary layer flows. J Atmos Sci 51:999–1022
    • (1994) J Atmos Sci , vol.51 , pp. 999-1022
    • Moeng, C.-H.1    Sullivan, P.P.2
  • 53
    • 0027065988 scopus 로고
    • Relaxed Arakawa–Schubert—a parameterization of moist convection for general circulation models
    • Moorthi S, Suarez MJ (1992) Relaxed Arakawa–Schubert—a parameterization of moist convection for general circulation models. Mon Weather Rev 120:978–1002
    • (1992) Mon Weather Rev , vol.120 , pp. 978-1002
    • Moorthi, S.1    Suarez, M.J.2
  • 55
    • 85027925077 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The behavior of trade-wind cloudiness in observations and models: The major cloud components and their variability
    • Nuijens L, Medeiros B, Sandu I, Ahlgrimm M (2015) The behavior of trade-wind cloudiness in observations and models: The major cloud components and their variability. J Adv Model Earth Syst 7:600–616.doi:10.1002/2014MS000390
    • (2015) J Adv Model Earth Syst , vol.7 , pp. 600-616
    • Nuijens, L.1    Medeiros, B.2    Sandu, I.3    Ahlgrimm, M.4
  • 56
    • 53649098155 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The hydrological cycle over a wide range of climates simulated with an idealized GCM
    • O’Gorman PA, Schneider T (2008) The hydrological cycle over a wide range of climates simulated with an idealized GCM. J Clim 21:3815–3832
    • (2008) J Clim , vol.21 , pp. 3815-3832
    • O’Gorman, P.A.1    Schneider, T.2
  • 57
    • 0031871622 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A cumulus parameterization with a prognostic closure
    • Pan D-M, Randall DD (1998) A cumulus parameterization with a prognostic closure. Q J R Meteorol Soc 124:949–981
    • (1998) Q J R Meteorol Soc , vol.124 , pp. 949-981
    • Pan, D.-M.1    Randall, D.D.2
  • 58
    • 0037068465 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The hydrologic cycle in deep-time climate problems
    • Pierrehumbert RT (2002) The hydrologic cycle in deep-time climate problems. Nature 419:191–198
    • (2002) Nature , vol.419 , pp. 191-198
    • Pierrehumbert, R.T.1
  • 59
    • 84867966133 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Marine boundary layer cloud feedbacks in a constant relative humidity atmosphere
    • Rieck M, Nuijens L, Stevens B (2012) Marine boundary layer cloud feedbacks in a constant relative humidity atmosphere. J Atmos Sci 69:2538–2550
    • (2012) J Atmos Sci , vol.69 , pp. 2538-2550
    • Rieck, M.1    Nuijens, L.2    Stevens, B.3
  • 60
    • 77949798099 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Water vapor and the dynamics of climate changes
    • Schneider T, O’Gorman PA, Levine XJ (2010) Water vapor and the dynamics of climate changes. Rev Geophys 48:RG3001. doi:10.1029/2009RG000302
    • (2010) Rev Geophys , vol.48 , pp. RG3001
    • Schneider, T.1    O’Gorman, P.A.2    Levine, X.J.3
  • 61
    • 84892156525 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Spread in model climate sensitivity traced to atmospheric convective mixing
    • Sherwood SC, Bony S, Dufresne J-L (2014) Spread in model climate sensitivity traced to atmospheric convective mixing. Nature 505:37–42
    • (2014) Nature , vol.505 , pp. 37-42
    • Sherwood, S.C.1    Bony, S.2    Dufresne, J.-L.3
  • 62
    • 84871744327 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Upward shift of the atmospheric general circulation under global warming: theory and simulations
    • Singh MS, O’Gorman PA (2012) Upward shift of the atmospheric general circulation under global warming: theory and simulations. J Clim 25:8259–8276
    • (2012) J Clim , vol.25 , pp. 8259-8276
    • Singh, M.S.1    O’Gorman, P.A.2
  • 63
    • 0023512455 scopus 로고
    • The development and verification of a cloud prediction scheme for the ECMWF model
    • Slingo J (1987) The development and verification of a cloud prediction scheme for the ECMWF model. Q J R Meteorol Soc 113:899–927
    • (1987) Q J R Meteorol Soc , vol.113 , pp. 899-927
    • Slingo, J.1
  • 64
    • 0025204961 scopus 로고
    • A scheme for predicting layer clouds and their water content in a general circulation model
    • Smith R (1990) A scheme for predicting layer clouds and their water content in a general circulation model. Q J R Meteorol Soc 116:435–460
    • (1990) Q J R Meteorol Soc , vol.116 , pp. 435-460
    • Smith, R.1
  • 65
    • 6044251401 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • On the use of cloud forcing to estimate cloud feedback
    • Soden B, Broccoli AJ, Hemler RS (2004) On the use of cloud forcing to estimate cloud feedback. J Clim 17:3661–3665
    • (2004) J Clim , vol.17 , pp. 3661-3665
    • Soden, B.1    Broccoli, A.J.2    Hemler, R.S.3
  • 66
    • 84876732870 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Atmospheric component of the mpi-m earth system model: ECHAM6
    • Stevens B et al (2013) Atmospheric component of the mpi-m earth system model: ECHAM6. J Adv Model Earth Syst 5:146–172
    • (2013) J Adv Model Earth Syst , vol.5 , pp. 146-172
    • Stevens, B.1
  • 67
    • 0024927328 scopus 로고
    • Condensation and cloud parameterization studies with a mesoscale numerical weather prediction model
    • Sundqvist H, Berge E, Kristjansson J (1989) Condensation and cloud parameterization studies with a mesoscale numerical weather prediction model. Mon Weather Rev 117:1641–1657
    • (1989) Mon Weather Rev , vol.117 , pp. 1641-1657
    • Sundqvist, H.1    Berge, E.2    Kristjansson, J.3
  • 69
    • 0031472308 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • GCM tests of theories for the height of the tropopause
    • Thuburn J, Craig GC (1997) GCM tests of theories for the height of the tropopause. J Atmos Sci 54:869–882
    • (1997) J Atmos Sci , vol.54 , pp. 869-882
    • Thuburn, J.1    Craig, G.C.2
  • 70
    • 0024907516 scopus 로고
    • A comprehensive mass flux scheme for cumulus parameterization in large-scale models
    • Tiedtke M (1989) A comprehensive mass flux scheme for cumulus parameterization in large-scale models. Mon Weather Rev 117:1779–1800
    • (1989) Mon Weather Rev , vol.117 , pp. 1779-1800
    • Tiedtke, M.1
  • 71
    • 0027799811 scopus 로고
    • Representation of clouds in large-scale models
    • Tiedtke M (1993) Representation of clouds in large-scale models. Mon Weather Rev 121:3040–3061
    • (1993) Mon Weather Rev , vol.121 , pp. 3040-3061
    • Tiedtke, M.1
  • 72
    • 84932108727 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • On the connection between tropical circulation, convective mixing, and climate sensitivity
    • Tomassini L, Voigt A, Stevens B (2014) On the connection between tropical circulation, convective mixing, and climate sensitivity. Q J R Meteorol Soc 141:1404–1416
    • (2014) Q J R Meteorol Soc , vol.141 , pp. 1404-1416
    • Tomassini, L.1    Voigt, A.2    Stevens, B.3
  • 73
    • 84888055218 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • On the interpretation of inter-model spread in CMIP5 climate sensitivity estimates
    • Vial J, Dufresne J-L, Bony S (2013) On the interpretation of inter-model spread in CMIP5 climate sensitivity estimates. Clim Dyn 41:3339–3362
    • (2013) Clim Dyn , vol.41 , pp. 3339-3362
    • Vial, J.1    Dufresne, J.-L.2    Bony, S.3
  • 74
    • 84976298430 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • El Nino in a coupled ocean-atmosphere general circulation model
    • Volodin E, Dianskii N (2004) El Nino in a coupled ocean-atmosphere general circulation model. Russ Meteorol Hydrol 12:1
    • (2004) Russ Meteorol Hydrol , vol.12 , pp. 1
    • Volodin, E.1    Dianskii, N.2
  • 75
    • 29244444210 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The role of shallow convection in the water and energy cycles of the atmosphere
    • von Salzen K, McFarlane N, Lazare M (2005) The role of shallow convection in the water and energy cycles of the atmosphere. Clim Dyn 25:671–688
    • (2005) Clim Dyn , vol.25 , pp. 671-688
    • von Salzen, K.1    McFarlane, N.2    Lazare, M.3
  • 76
    • 84877335208 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The Canadian fourth generation atmospheric global climate model (CanAM4). Part I: representation of physical processes
    • von Salzen K et al (2013) The Canadian fourth generation atmospheric global climate model (CanAM4). Part I: representation of physical processes. Atmos Ocean 51:104–125
    • (2013) Atmos Ocean , vol.51 , pp. 104-125
    • von Salzen, K.1
  • 77
    • 77955584319 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A PDF-based hybrid prognostic cloud scheme for general circulation models
    • Watanabe M, Emori S, Satoh M, Miura H (2009) A PDF-based hybrid prognostic cloud scheme for general circulation models. Clim Dyn 33:795–816
    • (2009) Clim Dyn , vol.33 , pp. 795-816
    • Watanabe, M.1    Emori, S.2    Satoh, M.3    Miura, H.4
  • 78
    • 78650547976 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Improved climate simulation by MIROC5: mean states, variability, and climate sensitivity
    • Watanabe M et al (2010) Improved climate simulation by MIROC5: mean states, variability, and climate sensitivity. J Clim 23:6312–6335
    • (2010) J Clim , vol.23 , pp. 6312-6335
    • Watanabe, M.1
  • 79
    • 84865091777 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Using a multi-physics ensemble for exploring diversity in cloud-shortwave feedback in GCMs
    • Watanabe M et al (2012) Using a multi-physics ensemble for exploring diversity in cloud-shortwave feedback in GCMs. J Clim 25:5416–5431
    • (2012) J Clim , vol.25 , pp. 5416-5431
    • Watanabe, M.1
  • 80
    • 33644666197 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • On the contribution of local feedback mechanisms to the range of climate sensitivity in two GCM ensembles
    • Webb M et al (2006) On the contribution of local feedback mechanisms to the range of climate sensitivity in two GCM ensembles. Clim Dyn 27:17–38
    • (2006) Clim Dyn , vol.27 , pp. 17-38
    • Webb, M.1
  • 81
    • 84884703264 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Coupling between subtropical cloud feedback and the local hydrological cycle in a climate model
    • Webb MJ, Lock AP (2013) Coupling between subtropical cloud feedback and the local hydrological cycle in a climate model. Clim Dyn 41:1923–1939
    • (2013) Clim Dyn , vol.41 , pp. 1923-1939
    • Webb, M.J.1    Lock, A.P.2
  • 82
    • 78049321517 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The CALIPSO mission: a global 3D view of aerosols and clouds
    • Winker D et al (2010) The CALIPSO mission: a global 3D view of aerosols and clouds. Bull Am Meteorol Soc 91:1211–1229
    • (2010) Bull Am Meteorol Soc , vol.91 , pp. 1211-1229
    • Winker, D.1
  • 83
    • 72049105844 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The Beijing Climate Center atmospheric general circulation model: description and its performance for the present-day climate
    • Wu T et al (2010) The Beijing Climate Center atmospheric general circulation model: description and its performance for the present-day climate. Clim Dyn 34:123–147
    • (2010) Clim Dyn , vol.34 , pp. 123-147
    • Wu, T.1
  • 84
    • 77953328661 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Subtropical low cloud response to a warmer climate in a superparameterized climate model. Part I: regime sorting and physical mechanisms
    • Wyant MC, Bretherton CS, Blossey PN (2009) Subtropical low cloud response to a warmer climate in a superparameterized climate model. Part I: regime sorting and physical mechanisms. J Adv Model Earth Syst 1:1–11
    • (2009) J Adv Model Earth Syst , vol.1 , pp. 1-11
    • Wyant, M.C.1    Bretherton, C.S.2    Blossey, P.N.3
  • 85
    • 0021038025 scopus 로고
    • 2l turbulence closure model
    • 2l turbulence closure model. J Atmos Sci 40:91–106
    • (1983) J Atmos Sci , vol.40 , pp. 91-106
    • Yamada, T.1
  • 86
    • 84865109405 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cloud simulations in response to turbulence parameterizations in the GISS Model E GCM
    • Yao M-S, Cheng Y (2012) Cloud simulations in response to turbulence parameterizations in the GISS Model E GCM. J Clim 25:4963–4974
    • (2012) J Clim , vol.25 , pp. 4963-4974
    • Yao, M.-S.1    Cheng, Y.2
  • 87
    • 84864262940 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Meteorological Research Institute Earth System Model Version 1 (MRI-ESM1)—model description
    • Yukimoto S et al (2011) Meteorological Research Institute Earth System Model Version 1 (MRI-ESM1)—model description. Technical Reports of the Meteorological Research Institute 1
    • (2011) Technical Reports of the Meteorological Research Institute , pp. 1
    • Yukimoto, S.1
  • 88
    • 39549095502 scopus 로고
    • Sensitivity of climate simulations to the parameterization of cumulus convection in the Canadian Climate Centre general circulation model
    • Zhang GJ, McFarlane NA (1995) Sensitivity of climate simulations to the parameterization of cumulus convection in the Canadian Climate Centre general circulation model. Atmos Ocean 33:407–446
    • (1995) Atmos Ocean , vol.33 , pp. 407-446
    • Zhang, G.J.1    McFarlane, N.A.2
  • 89
    • 21544435178 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effects of modifications to the Zhang-McFarlane convection parameterization on the simulation of the tropical precipitation in the National Center for Atmospheric Research Community Climate Model, version 3
    • Zhang GJ, Mu M (2005) Effects of modifications to the Zhang-McFarlane convection parameterization on the simulation of the tropical precipitation in the National Center for Atmospheric Research Community Climate Model, version 3. J Geophys Res 110(D09):109
    • (2005) J Geophys Res , vol.110 , Issue.D09 , pp. 109
    • Zhang, G.J.1    Mu, M.2
  • 90
    • 85006568652 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • CGILS: first results from an international project to understand the physical mechanisms of low cloud feedbacks in general circulation models
    • Zhang MH et al (2013) CGILS: first results from an international project to understand the physical mechanisms of low cloud feedbacks in general circulation models. J Adv Model Earth Syst 5:826–842
    • (2013) J Adv Model Earth Syst , vol.5 , pp. 826-842
    • Zhang, M.H.1


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.