Tropospheric adjustment to increasing CO2: Its timescale and the role of land-sea contrast

Climate Dynamics

Volumn 41, Issue 11-12, 2013, Pages 3007-3024

  Kamae, Youichi ^a   Watanabe, Masahiro ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF TOKYO   (Japan)

Author keywords

Aqua planet experiment; Boundary layer; Cloud radiative effect; Radiative forcing; Transpose AMIP; Tropospheric adjustment

Indexed keywords

AIR-SEA INTERACTION; ATMOSPHERE-OCEAN COUPLING; ATMOSPHERIC GENERAL CIRCULATION MODEL; BOUNDARY LAYER; CARBON DIOXIDE; CONCENTRATION (COMPOSITION); HEAT FLUX; OCEANIC GENERAL CIRCULATION MODEL; RADIATIVE FORCING; TROPOSPHERE;

EID: 84888025348     PISSN: 09307575     EISSN: 14320894     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1007/s00382-012-1555-1     Document Type: Article

References (53)

1. Allen MR, Ingram WJ (2002) Constraints on future changes in climate and the hydrologic cycle. Nature 419: 224-232.
2. 2 forcing induces semi-direct effects with consequences for climate feedback interpretations. Geophys Res Lett 35: L04802. doi: 10. 1029/2007GL032273.
3. Andrews T, Forster PM, Gregory JM (2009) A surface energy perspective on climate change. J Clim 22: 2557-2570.
4. Andrews T, Forster PM, Boucher O, Bellouin N, Jones A (2010) Precipitation, radiative forcing and global temperature change. Geophys Res Lett 27: L14701. doi: 10. 1029/2010GL043991.
5. Andrews T, Doutriaux-Boucher M, Boucher O, Forster PM (2011) A regional and global analysis of carbon dioxide physiological forcing and its impact on climate. Clim Dyn 36: 783-792.
6. Andrews T, Gregory JM, Webb MJ, Taylor KE (2012a) Forcing, feedbacks and climate sensitivity in CMIP5 coupled atmosphere-ocean climate models. Geophys Res Lett 39: L09712. doi: 10. 1029/2012GL051607.
7. 2 radiative forcing and climate sensitivity: a review. Surv Geophys 33: 619-635.
8. Bala G, Caldeira K, Nemani R (2010) Fast versus slow response in climate change: implications for the global hydrological cycle. Clim Dyn 35: 423-434.
9. Boer GJ (2011) The ratio of land to ocean temperature change under global warming. Clim Dyn 37: 2253-2270.
10. Bony S, Dufresne J-L, LeTreut H, Morcrette J-J, Senior C (2004) On dynamic and thermodynamic components of cloud changes. Clim Dyn 22: 71-86.
11. Bony S, Webb MJ, Bretherton CS, Klein SA, Siebesma AP, Tselioudis G, Zhang M (2011) CFMIP: towards a better evaluation and understanding of clouds and cloud feedbacks in CMIP5 models. CLIVAR Exch 16(56): 20-24.
12. Boucher O, Jones A, Betts RA (2009) Climate response to the physiological impact of carbon dioxide on plants in the Met Office Unified Model HadCM3. Clim Dyn 32: 237-249.
13. Cess RD et al (1990) Intercomparison and interpretation of climate feedback processes in 19 atmospheric general circulation models. J Geophys Res 95: 16601-16615.
14. Collins WD et al (2006) Radiative forcing by well-mixed greenhouse gases: estimates from climate models in the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) fourth assessment report (AR4). J Geophys Res 111: D14317. doi: 10. 1029/2005JD006713.
15. Colman RA, McAvaney BJ (2011) On tropospheric adjustment to forcing and climate feedbacks. Clim Dyn 36: 1649-1658.
16. Dommenget D (2009) The ocean's role in continental climate variability and change. J Clim 22: 4939-4952.
17. Dong B, Gregory JM, Sutton RT (2009) Understanding land-sea warming contrast in response to increasing greenhouse gases. Part I: transient adjustment. J Clim 22: 3079-3097.
18. Doutriaux-Boucher M, Webb MJ, Gregory JM, Boucher O (2009) Carbon dioxide induced stomatal closure increases radiative forcing via a rapid reduction in low cloud. Geophys Res Lett 36: L02703. doi: 10. 1029/2008GL036273.
19. Fasullo JT (2010) Robust land-ocean contrasts in energy and water cycle feedback. J Clim 23: 4677-4693.
20. Gill AE (1980) Some simple resolutions for heat-induced tropical circulation. Q J R Meteor Soc 106: 447-462.
21. Good P, Gregory JM, Lowe JA (2011) A step-response simple climate model to reconstruct and interpret AOGCM projections. Geophys Res Lett 38: L01703. doi: 10. 1029/2010GL045208.
22. 2 forcing. J Clim 21: 58-71.
23. Gregory JM, Ingram WJ, Palmer MA, Jones GS, Stott PA, Thorpe RB, Lowe JA, Johns TC, Williams KD (2004) A new method for diagnosing radiative forcing and climate sensitivity. Geophys Res Lett 31: L03205. doi: 10. 1029/2003gl018747.
24. Hansen J et al (2002) Climate forcings in Goddard Institute for Space Studies SI2000 simulations. J Geophys Res 107. doi: 10. 1029/2001JD001143.
25. Hansen J et al (2005) Efficacy of climate forcings. J Geophys Res 110: D18104. doi: 10. 1029/2005JD005776.
26. Hasumi H, Emori S (2004) K-1 coupled model (MIROC) description. K-1 technical report. Center for Climate System Research, University of Tokyo, 34 pp. Available at http://www. ccsr. u-tokyo. ac. jp/kyosei/hasumi/MIROC/tech-repo. pdf.
27. Jiang JH et al (2012) Evaluation of cloud and water vapor simulations in CMIP5 climate models using NASA "A-Train" satellite observations. J Geophys Res 117: D14105. doi: 10. 1029/2011JD017237.
28. Knutti R, Hegerl GC (2008) The equilibrium sensitivity of the earth's temperature to radiation changes. Nat Geosci 1: 735-743.
29. Lambert FH, Webb MJ (2008) Dependency of global mean precipitation on surface temperature. Geophys Res Lett 35: L16706. doi: 10. 1029/2008GL034838.
30. Lambert FH, Webb MJ, Joshi MM (2011) The relationship between land-ocean surface temperature contrast and radiative forcing. J Clim 24: 3239-3256.
31. Lu J, Chen G, Frierson DMW (2008) Response of the zonal mean atmospheric circulation to El Niño versus global warming. J Clim 21: 5835-5851.
32. 2. Part I: annual mean response. J Clim 4: 785-818.
33. Matsuno T (1966) Quasi-geostrophic motions in equatorial areas. J Meteorol Soc Jpn 44: 25-43.
34. Medeiros B, Hall A, Stevens B (2005) What controls the mean depth of the PBL? J Clim 18: 3157-3172.
35. 2 climate sensitivity and model dependence of results. Q J R Meteorol Soc 113: 293-322.
36. Neale R, Hoskins B (2000) A standard test for agcms including their physical parametrizations I: the proposal. Atmos Sci Lett 1: 101-107.
37. Phillips TJ, Potter GL, Williamson DL, Cederwall RT, Boyle JS, Fiorino M, Hnilo JJ, Olson JG, Xie S, Yio JJ (2004) Evaluating parameterizations in general circulation models: climate simulation meets weather prediction. Bull Am Meteor Soc 85: 1903-1915.
38. Rodwell MJ, Palmer TN (2007) Using numerical weather prediction to assess climate models. Q J R Meteor Soc 133: 129-146.
39. 2 on climate. Science 271: 1402-1406.
40. Shiogama H, Watanabe M, Yoshimori M, Yokohata T, Ogura T, Annan JD, Hargreaves JC, Abe M, Kamae Y, O'ishi R, Nobui R, Emori S, Nozawa T, Abe-Ouchi A, Kimoto M (2012) Perturbed physics ensemble using the MIROC5 coupled atmosphere-ocean GCM without flux corrections: experimental design and results. Clim Dyn. doi: 10. 1007/s00382-012-1441-x.
41. Soden BJ, Broccoli AJ, Hemler RS (2004) On the use of cloud forcing to estimate cloud feedback. J Clim 17: 3661-3665.
42. Sutton RT, Dong B, Gregory JM (2007) Land/sea warming ratio in response to climate change: IPCC AR4 model results and comparison with observations. Geophys Res Lett 34: L02701. doi: 10. 1029/2006GL028164.
43. Taylor KE, Stouffer RJ, Meehl GA (2012) An overview of CMIP5 and the experiment design. Bull Am Meteorol Soc 90: 485-498.
44. Waliser DE et al (2012) The "year" of tropical convection (May 2008 to April 2010): climate variability and weather highlights. Bull Am Meteor Soc 93: 1189-1218. doi: 10. 1175/2011BAMS3095. 1.
45. Watanabe M, Suzuki T, O'ishi R, Komuro Y, Watanabe S, Emori S, Takemura T, Chikira M, Ogura T, Sekiguchi M, Takata K, Yamazaki D, Yokohata T, Nozawa T, Hasumi H, Tatebe H, Kimoto M (2010) Improved climate simulation by MIROC5: mean states, variability, and climate sensitivity. J Clim 23: 6312-6335.
46. 2 in two climate models. Clim Dyn. doi: 10. 1007/s00382-011-1178-y.
47. Watanabe M, Shiogama H, Yokohata T, Kamae Y, Yoshimori M, Ogura T, Annan JD, Hargreaves JC, Emori S, Kimoto M (2012) Using a multi-physics ensemble for exploring diversity in cloud-shortwave feedback in GCMs. J Clim 25: 5416-5431.
48. Webb MJ, Lambert FH, Gregory JM (2012) Origins of differences in climate sensitivity, forcing and feedback in climate models. Clim Dyn. doi: 10. 1007/s00382-012-1336-x.
49. Williams KD, Brooks ME (2008) Initial tendencies of cloud regimes in the Met Office Unified Model. J Clim 21: 833-840.
50. Williams KD, Bodas-Salcedo A, Deque M, Fermepin S, Medeiros B, Watanabe M, Jakob C, Klein SA, Senior CA, Williamson DL (2012) The Transpose-AMIP II experiment and its application to the understanding of Southern Ocean cloud biases in climate models. J Clim (submitted).
51. Wu Y, Seager R, Ting M, Naik N, Shaw TA (2012) Atmospheric circulation response to an instantaneous doubling of carbon dioxide. Part I: model experiments and transient thermal response in the troposphere. J Clim 25: 2862-2879.
52. 2 in a super parameterized climate model. J Adv Model Earth Syst 4: M05001. doi: 10. 1029/2011MS000092.
53. Xie S, Ma H-Y, Boyle JS, Klein SA, Zhang Y (2012) On the correspondence between short- and long- timescale systematic errors in CAM4/CAM5 for the years of tropical convection. J Clim. doi: 10. 1175/JCLI-D-12-00134. 1.