메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 40, Issue 9-10, 2013, Pages 2193-2222

LMDZ5B: The atmospheric component of the IPSL climate model with revisited parameterizations for clouds and convection

Author keywords

Climate change projections; Climate modeling; Deep convection; Physical parameterizations; Shallow convection

Indexed keywords

ATMOSPHERIC CONVECTION; ATMOSPHERIC GENERAL CIRCULATION MODEL; CLIMATE CHANGE; CLIMATE MODELING; COLD POOL; CONVECTIVE BOUNDARY LAYER; CUMULONIMBUS; CUMULUS; DIURNAL VARIATION; PARAMETERIZATION; PRECIPITATION (CLIMATOLOGY); RAINFALL; TURBULENCE;

EID: 84876843065     PISSN: 09307575     EISSN: 14320894     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1007/s00382-012-1343-y     Document Type: Article
Times cited : (219)

References (79)
  • 1
    • 24044553940 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Polar amplification of surface warming on an aquaplanet in "ghost forcing" experiments without sea ice feedbacks
    • doi:10.1007/s00382-005-0018-3
    • Alexeev VA, Langen PL, Bates JR (2005) Polar amplification of surface warming on an aquaplanet in "ghost forcing" experiments without sea ice feedbacks. Clim Dyn 24: 655-666. doi: 10. 1007/s00382-005-0018-3.
    • (2005) Clim Dyn , vol.24 , pp. 655-666
    • Alexeev, V.A.1    Langen, P.L.2    Bates, J.R.3
  • 2
    • 77958452930 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Performance of an eddy diffusivity-mass flux scheme for shallow cumulus boundary layers
    • Angevine WM, Jiang H, Mauritsen T (2010) Performance of an eddy diffusivity-mass flux scheme for shallow cumulus boundary layers. Mon Weather Rev 138: 2895-2912.
    • (2010) Mon Weather Rev , vol.138 , pp. 2895-2912
    • Angevine, W.M.1    Jiang, H.2    Mauritsen, T.3
  • 4
    • 28944450038 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Marine boundary layer clouds at the heart of tropical cloud feedback uncertainties in climate models
    • Bony S, Dufresne JL (2005) Marine boundary layer clouds at the heart of tropical cloud feedback uncertainties in climate models. Geophys Res Lett 32: 20, 806.
    • (2005) Geophys Res Lett , vol.32 , pp. 20806
    • Bony, S.1    Dufresne, J.L.2
  • 5
    • 0035515160 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A parameterization of the cloudiness associated with cumulus convection; evaluation using TOGA COARE data
    • Bony S, Emanuel KA (2001) A parameterization of the cloudiness associated with cumulus convection; evaluation using TOGA COARE data. J Atmos Sci 58: 3158-3183.
    • (2001) J Atmos Sci , vol.58 , pp. 3158-3183
    • Bony, S.1    Emanuel, K.A.2
  • 6
    • 0031200764 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Sea surface temperature and large-scale circulation influences on tropical greenhouse effect and cloud radiative forcing
    • doi: 10. 1175/1520-0442(1997)010& 2055: SSTALS> 2. 0. CO; 2
    • Bony S, Lau KM, Sud YC (1997) Sea surface temperature and large-scale circulation influences on tropical greenhouse effect and cloud radiative forcing. J Clim 10: 2055-2077. doi: 10. 1175/1520-0442(1997)010& 2055: SSTALS> 2. 0. CO; 2.
    • (1997) J Clim , vol.10 , pp. 2055-2077
    • Bony, S.1    Lau, K.M.2    Sud, Y.C.3
  • 9
    • 0001395280 scopus 로고
    • A two-stream model of the vertical transport of trace species in the convective boundary layer
    • Chatfield RB, Brost RA (1987) A two-stream model of the vertical transport of trace species in the convective boundary layer. J Geophys Res 92: 13, 263-13, 276.
    • (1987) J Geophys Res , vol.92 , pp. 13263-13276
    • Chatfield, R.B.1    Brost, R.A.2
  • 10
    • 53749095724 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Use of CALIPSO lidar observations to evaluate the cloudiness simulated by a climate model
    • doi:10.1029/2008GL034207
    • Chepfer H, Bony S, Winker D, Chiriaco M, Dufresne JL, Sèze G (2008) Use of CALIPSO lidar observations to evaluate the cloudiness simulated by a climate model. Geophys Res Lett 351: 15. doi: 10. 1029/2008GL034207.
    • (2008) Geophys Res Lett , vol.351 , pp. 15704
    • Chepfer, H.1    Bony, S.2    Winker, D.3    Chiriaco, M.4    Dufresne, J.L.5    Sèze, G.6
  • 12
    • 28144436881 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Water-vapour variability within a convective boundary-layer assessed by large-eddy simulations and IHOP_2002 observations
    • Couvreux F, Guichard F, Redelsperger JL, Kiemle C, Masson V, Lafore JP, Flamant C (2005) Water-vapour variability within a convective boundary-layer assessed by large-eddy simulations and IHOP_2002 observations. Q J R Meteorol Soc 131: 2665-2693.
    • (2005) Q J R Meteorol Soc , vol.131 , pp. 2665-2693
    • Couvreux, F.1    Guichard, F.2    Redelsperger, J.L.3    Kiemle, C.4    Masson, V.5    Lafore, J.P.6    Flamant, C.7
  • 13
    • 76649125195 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Resolved versus parametrized boundary-layer plumes. Part I: a parametrization-oriented conditional sampling in large-eddy simulations
    • doi:10.1007/s10546-009-9456-5
    • Couvreux F, Hourdin F, Rio C (2010) Resolved versus parametrized boundary-layer plumes. Part I: a parametrization-oriented conditional sampling in large-Eddy simulations. Boundary-layer Meteorol 134: 441-458. doi: 10. 1007/s10546-009-9456-5.
    • (2010) Boundary-Layer Meteorol , vol.134 , pp. 441-458
    • Couvreux, F.1    Hourdin, F.2    Rio, C.3
  • 14
    • 0001152744 scopus 로고
    • The counter-gradient heat-flux in the lower atmosphere and in the laboratory
    • Deardorff JW (1966) The counter-gradient heat-flux in the lower atmosphere and in the laboratory. J Atmos Sci 23: 503-506.
    • (1966) J Atmos Sci , vol.23 , pp. 503-506
    • Deardorff, J.W.1
  • 15
    • 0001549687 scopus 로고
    • Theoretical expression for the countergradient vertical heat flux
    • Deardorff JW (1972) Theoretical expression for the countergradient vertical heat flux. J Geophys Res 77: 5900-5904.
    • (1972) J Geophys Res , vol.77 , pp. 5900-5904
    • Deardorff, J.W.1
  • 17
    • 0026305596 scopus 로고
    • A scheme for representing cumulus convection in large-scale models
    • Emanuel KA (1991) A scheme for representing cumulus convection in large-scale models. J Atmos Sci 48: 2313-2335.
    • (1991) J Atmos Sci , vol.48 , pp. 2313-2335
    • Emanuel, K.A.1
  • 18
    • 0039793298 scopus 로고
    • A cumulus representation based on the episodic mixing model: the importance of mixing and microphysics in predicting humidity
    • Emanuel KA (1993) A cumulus representation based on the episodic mixing model: the importance of mixing and microphysics in predicting humidity. AMS Meteorol Monogr 24(46): 185-192.
    • (1993) AMS Meteorol Monogr , vol.24 , Issue.46 , pp. 185-192
    • Emanuel, K.A.1
  • 19
    • 0344433876 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Development and evaluation of a convection scheme for use in climate models
    • doi: 10. 1175/1520-0469(1999)056& 1766: DAEOAC> 2. 0. CO; 2
    • Emanuel KA, Zivkovic-Rothman M (1999) Development and evaluation of a convection scheme for use in climate models. J Atmos Sci 56: 1766-1782. doi: 10. 1175/1520-0469(1999)056& 1766: DAEOAC> 2. 0. CO; 2.
    • (1999) J Atmos Sci , vol.56 , pp. 1766-1782
    • Emanuel, K.A.1    Zivkovic-Rothman, M.2
  • 20
    • 77953328474 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A density current parameterization coupled with Emanuel's convection scheme. Part I: the models
    • doi:10.1175/2009JAS3044.1
    • Grandpeix J, Lafore J (2010) A density current parameterization coupled with Emanuel's convection scheme. Part I: the models. J Atmos Sci 67: 881-897. doi: 10. 1175/2009JAS3044. 1.
    • (2010) J Atmos Sci , vol.67 , pp. 881-897
    • Grandpeix, J.1    Lafore, J.2
  • 21
    • 77953344052 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A density current parameterization coupled with Emanuel's convection scheme. Part II: 1D simulations
    • doi:10.1175/2009JAS3045.1
    • Grandpeix J, Lafore J, Cheruy F (2010) A density current parameterization coupled with Emanuel's convection scheme. Part II: 1D simulations. J Atmos Sci 67: 898-922. doi: 10. 1175/2009JAS3045. 1.
    • (2010) J Atmos Sci , vol.67 , pp. 898-922
    • Grandpeix, J.1    Lafore, J.2    Cheruy, F.3
  • 22
    • 13844253553 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Improved mixing representation in Emanuel's convection scheme
    • Grandpeix JY, Phillips V, Tailleux R (2004) Improved mixing representation in Emanuel's convection scheme. Q J R Meteorol Soc 130: 3207-3222.
    • (2004) Q J R Meteorol Soc , vol.130 , pp. 3207-3222
    • Grandpeix, J.Y.1    Phillips, V.2    Tailleux, R.3
  • 24
    • 83755183432 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Differing impacts of resolution changes in latitude and longitude on the mid-latitudes in the lmdz gcm
    • doi: 10. 1175/2011JCLI4093. 1
    • Guemas V, Codron F (2011) Differing impacts of resolution changes in latitude and longitude on the mid-latitudes in the lmdz gcm. J Clim. doi: 10. 1175/2011JCLI4093. 1.
    • (2011) J Clim
    • Guemas, V.1    Codron, F.2
  • 26
    • 33750617761 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Robust responses of the hydrological cycle to global warming
    • doi: 10. 1175/JCLI3990. 1
    • Held IM, Soden BJ (2006) Robust responses of the hydrological cycle to global warming. J Clim 19: 5686. doi: 10. 1175/JCLI3990. 1.
    • (2006) J Clim , vol.19 , pp. 5686
    • Held, I.M.1    Soden, B.J.2
  • 27
    • 0025657684 scopus 로고
    • A scheme for parameterizing ice-cloud water content in general circulation models
    • doi: 10. 1175/1520-0469(1990)047& 1865: ASFPIC> 2. 0. CO; 2
    • Heymsfield AJ, Donner LJ (1990) A scheme for parameterizing ice-cloud water content in general circulation models. J Atmos Sci 47: 1865-1877. doi: 10. 1175/1520-0469(1990)047& 1865: ASFPIC> 2. 0. CO; 2.
    • (1990) J Atmos Sci , vol.47 , pp. 1865-1877
    • Heymsfield, A.J.1    Donner, L.J.2
  • 28
    • 80054934526 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Simulating deep convection with a shallow convection scheme
    • Hohenegger C, Bretherton CS (2011) Simulating deep convection with a shallow convection scheme. Atmos Chem Phys Discuss 11(3): 8385-8430.
    • (2011) Atmos Chem Phys Discuss , vol.11 , Issue.3 , pp. 8385-8430
    • Hohenegger, C.1    Bretherton, C.S.2
  • 29
    • 0027073660 scopus 로고
    • The influence of concentrated heating on the Hadley circulation
    • Hou AY, Lindzen RS (1992) The influence of concentrated heating on the Hadley circulation. J Atmos Sci 49: 1233-1241.
    • (1992) J Atmos Sci , vol.49 , pp. 1233-1241
    • Hou, A.Y.1    Lindzen, R.S.2
  • 30
    • 0036322120 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Parameterisation of the dry convective boundary layer based on a mass flux representation of thermals
    • Hourdin F, Couvreux F, Menut L (2002) Parameterisation of the dry convective boundary layer based on a mass flux representation of thermals. J Atmos Sci 59: 1105-1123.
    • (2002) J Atmos Sci , vol.59 , pp. 1105-1123
    • Hourdin, F.1    Couvreux, F.2    Menut, L.3
  • 32
    • 0001162266 scopus 로고
    • Structure and dynamics of a tropical squall-line system
    • Houze RA (1977) Structure and dynamics of a tropical squall-line system. Mon Weather Rev 105: 1540-1567.
    • (1977) Mon Weather Rev , vol.105 , pp. 1540-1567
    • Houze, R.A.1
  • 33
    • 0035530985 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Global precipitation at one-degree daily resolution from multisatellite observations
    • doi: 10. 1175/1525-7541(2001)002& 0036: GPAODD> 2. 0. CO; 2
    • Huffman GJ, Adler RF, Morrissey MM, Bolvin DT, Curtis S, Joyce R, McGavock B, Susskind J (2001) Global precipitation at one-degree daily resolution from multisatellite observations. J Hydrometeorol 2: 36. doi: 10. 1175/1525-7541(2001)002& 0036: GPAODD> 2. 0. CO; 2.
    • (2001) J Hydrometeorol , vol.2 , pp. 36
    • Huffman, G.J.1    Adler, R.F.2    Morrissey, M.M.3    Bolvin, D.T.4    Curtis, S.5    Joyce, R.6    McGavock, B.7    Susskind, J.8
  • 34
    • 53649104930 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A new sea surface temperature and sea ice boundary dataset for the community atmosphere model
    • doi: 10. 1175/2008JCLI2292. 1
    • Hurrell JW, Hack JJ, Shea D, Caron JM, Rosinski J (2008) A new sea surface temperature and sea ice boundary dataset for the community atmosphere model. J Clim 21: 5145. doi: 10. 1175/2008JCLI2292. 1.
    • (2008) J Clim , vol.21 , pp. 5145
    • Hurrell, J.W.1    Hack, J.J.2    Shea, D.3    Caron, J.M.4    Rosinski, J.5
  • 36
    • 20044395922 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Simulations of the atmospheric general circulation using a cloud-resolving model as a superparameterization of physical processes
    • doi:10.1175/JAS3453.1
    • Khairoutdinov M, Randall D, Demott C (2005) Simulations of the atmospheric general circulation using a cloud-resolving model as a superparameterization of physical processes. J Atmos Sci 62: 2136-2154. doi: 10. 1175/JAS3453. 1.
    • (2005) J Atmos Sci , vol.62 , pp. 2136-2154
    • Khairoutdinov, M.1    Randall, D.2    Demott, C.3
  • 39
    • 33645962608 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A mass-flux scheme view of a high-resolution simulation of a transition from shallow to deep convection
    • Kuang Z, Bretherton CS (2006) A mass-flux scheme view of a high-resolution simulation of a transition from shallow to deep convection. J Atmos Sci 63: 1895-1909.
    • (2006) J Atmos Sci , vol.63 , pp. 1895-1909
    • Kuang, Z.1    Bretherton, C.S.2
  • 41
    • 49749084017 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Convective storm initiation in a moist tropical environment
    • doi: 10. 1175/2007MWR2279. 1
    • Lima MA, Wilson JW (2008) Convective storm initiation in a moist tropical environment. Mon Weather Rev 136: 1847. doi: 10. 1175/2007MWR2279. 1.
    • (2008) Mon Weather Rev , vol.136 , pp. 1847
    • Lima, M.A.1    Wilson, J.W.2
  • 42
    • 0024249552 scopus 로고
    • Hadley circulation for zonally averaged heating centered off the equator
    • Lindzen RS, Hou A (1988) Hadley circulation for zonally averaged heating centered off the equator. J Atmos Sci 45: 2416-2427.
    • (1988) J Atmos Sci , vol.45 , pp. 2416-2427
    • Lindzen, R.S.1    Hou, A.2
  • 44
    • 0032693175 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Alleviation of stationary biases in a GCM through a mountain drag parameterization scheme and a simple representation of mountain lift forces
    • doi: 10. 1175/1520-0493(1999)127& 0788: AOSBIA> 2. 0. CO; 2
    • Lott F (1999) Alleviation of stationary biases in a GCM through a mountain drag parameterization scheme and a simple representation of mountain lift forces. Mon Weather Rev 127: 788. doi: 10. 1175/1520-0493(1999)127& 0788: AOSBIA> 2. 0. CO; 2.
    • (1999) Mon Weather Rev , vol.127 , pp. 788
    • Lott, F.1
  • 45
    • 0031467972 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A new sub-grid scale orographic drag parametrization: its formulation and testing
    • Lott F, Miller M (1997) A new sub-grid scale orographic drag parametrization: its formulation and testing. Q J R Meteorol Soc 123: 101-128.
    • (1997) Q J R Meteorol Soc , vol.123 , pp. 101-128
    • Lott, F.1    Miller, M.2
  • 46
    • 34547489061 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Global climate projections
    • In: Solomon S, Qin D, Manning M, Chen Z, Marquis M, Averyt KB, Tignor M, Miller HL (eds) Contribution of working group I to the fourth assessment report of the intergovernmental panel on climate change, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, United Kingdom and New York, NY, USA, Chap 10
    • Meehl GA, Stocker TF, Collins WD, Friedlingstein P, Gaye AT, Gregory JM, Kitoh A, Knutti R, Murphy JM, Noda A, Raper SCB, Watterson IG, Weaver AJ, Zhao ZC (2007) Global climate projections. In: Solomon S, Qin D, Manning M, Chen Z, Marquis M, Averyt KB, Tignor M, Miller HL (eds) Climate change 2007: the scientific basis. Contribution of working group I to the fourth assessment report of the intergovernmental panel on climate change, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, United Kingdom and New York, NY, USA, Chap 10, pp 747-846.
    • (2007) Climate change 2007: The scientific basis , pp. 747-846
    • Meehl, G.A.1    Stocker, T.F.2    Collins, W.D.3    Friedlingstein, P.4    Gaye, A.T.5    Gregory, J.M.6    Kitoh, A.7    Knutti, R.8    Murphy, J.M.9    Noda, A.10    Raper, S.C.B.11    Watterson, I.G.12    Weaver, A.J.13    Zhao, Z.C.14
  • 47
    • 0024253345 scopus 로고
    • Spectral analysis of large-eddy simulations of the convective boundary layer
    • Moeng C, Wyngaard JC (1988) Spectral analysis of large-eddy simulations of the convective boundary layer. J Atmos Sci 45(23): 3573-3587.
    • (1988) J Atmos Sci , vol.45 , Issue.23 , pp. 3573-3587
    • Moeng, C.1    Wyngaard, J.C.2
  • 48
    • 0026292248 scopus 로고
    • Radiation and cloud radiative properties in the European Centre for Medium Range Weather Forecasts forecasting system
    • Morcrette J (1991) Radiation and cloud radiative properties in the European Centre for Medium Range Weather Forecasts forecasting system. J Geophys Res 96: 9121-9132.
    • (1991) J Geophys Res , vol.96 , pp. 9121-9132
    • Morcrette, J.1
  • 49
    • 69849113274 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A dual mass flux framework for boundary layer convection. Part II: clouds
    • Neggers RAJ (2009) A dual mass flux framework for boundary layer convection. Part II: clouds. J Atmos Sci 66: 1489-1506.
    • (2009) J Atmos Sci , vol.66 , pp. 1489-1506
    • Neggers, R.A.J.1
  • 50
    • 69849084031 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A dual mass flux framework for boundary layer convection. Part I: transport
    • Neggers RAJ, Köhler M, Beljaars ACM (2009) A dual mass flux framework for boundary layer convection. Part I: transport. J Atmos Sci 66: 1465.
    • (2009) J Atmos Sci , vol.66 , pp. 1465
    • Neggers, R.A.J.1    Köhler, M.2    Beljaars, A.C.M.3
  • 51
    • 79952969370 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Are regional climate models relevant for crop yield prediction in West Africa?
    • doi: 10. 1088/1748-9326/6/1/014008
    • Oettli P, Sultan B, Baron C, Vrac M (2011) Are regional climate models relevant for crop yield prediction in West Africa? Environ Res Lett 6(1): 14. doi: 10. 1088/1748-9326/6/1/014008.
    • (2011) Environ Res Lett , vol.6 , Issue.1 , pp. 14
    • Oettli, P.1    Sultan, B.2    Baron, C.3    Vrac, M.4
  • 52
    • 67349280954 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A parameterization of dry thermals and shallow cumuli for mesoscale numerical weather prediction
    • Pergaud J, Masson V, Malardel S, Couvreux F (2009) A parameterization of dry thermals and shallow cumuli for mesoscale numerical weather prediction. Boundary-layer Meteorol 132: 83-106.
    • (2009) Boundary-Layer Meteorol , vol.132 , pp. 83-106
    • Pergaud, J.1    Masson, V.2    Malardel, S.3    Couvreux, F.4
  • 53
    • 0036652496 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The impact of horizontal resolution on the simulations of convective development over land
    • Petch JC, Brown AR, Gray MEB (2002) The impact of horizontal resolution on the simulations of convective development over land. Q J R Meteorol Soc 128: 2031-2044.
    • (2002) Q J R Meteorol Soc , vol.128 , pp. 2031-2044
    • Petch, J.C.1    Brown, A.R.2    Gray, M.E.B.3
  • 54
    • 0141956622 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Breaking the cloud parameterization deadlock
    • doi:10.1175/BAMS-84-11-1547
    • Randall D, Khairoutdinov M, Arakawa A, Grabowski W (2003) Breaking the cloud parameterization deadlock. Bull Am Meteorol Soc 84: 1547-1564. doi: 10. 1175/BAMS-84-11-1547.
    • (2003) Bull Am Meteorol Soc , vol.84 , pp. 1547-1564
    • Randall, D.1    Khairoutdinov, M.2    Arakawa, A.3    Grabowski, W.4
  • 57
    • 40949162438 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A thermal plume model for the convective boundary layer: representation of cumulus clouds
    • Rio C, Hourdin F (2008) A thermal plume model for the convective boundary layer: representation of cumulus clouds. J Atmos Sci 65: 407-425.
    • (2008) J Atmos Sci , vol.65 , pp. 407-425
    • Rio, C.1    Hourdin, F.2
  • 58
    • 67449110399 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Shifting the diurnal cycle of parameterized deep convection over land
    • doi: 10. 1029/2008GL036779
    • Rio C, Hourdin F, Grandpeix J, Lafore J (2009) Shifting the diurnal cycle of parameterized deep convection over land. Geophys Res Lett 36: 7809. doi: 10. 1029/2008GL036779.
    • (2009) Geophys Res Lett , vol.36 , pp. 7809
    • Rio, C.1    Hourdin, F.2    Grandpeix, J.3    Lafore, J.4
  • 59
    • 77952423315 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Resolved versus parametrized boundary-layer plumes. Part II: continuous formulations of mixing rates for mass-flux schemes
    • doi:10.1007/s10546-010-9478-z
    • Rio C, Hourdin F, Couvreux F, Jam A (2010) Resolved versus parametrized boundary-layer plumes. Part II: continuous formulations of mixing rates for mass-flux schemes. Boundary-layer Meteorol 135: 469-483. doi: 10. 1007/s10546-010-9478-z.
    • (2010) Boundary-Layer Meteorol , vol.135 , pp. 469-483
    • Rio, C.1    Hourdin, F.2    Couvreux, F.3    Jam, A.4
  • 60
    • 0034352606 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The time-dependence of climate sensitivity
    • doi:10.1029/2000GL011373
    • Senior CA, Mitchell JFB (2000) The time-dependence of climate sensitivity. Geophys Res Lett 27(17): 2685-2688. doi: 10. 1029/2000GL011373.
    • (2000) Geophys Res Lett , vol.27 , Issue.17 , pp. 2685-2688
    • Senior, C.A.1    Mitchell, J.F.B.2
  • 61
    • 15244349243 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Source-receptor matrix calculation with a lagrangian particle disperion model in backward mode
    • Siebert P, Frank A (2003) Source-receptor matrix calculation with a lagrangian particle disperion model in backward mode. Atmos Chem Phys Discuss 3: 4515-4548.
    • (2003) Atmos Chem Phys Discuss , vol.3 , pp. 4515-4548
    • Siebert, P.1    Frank, A.2
  • 62
    • 34247588680 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A combined eddy-diffusivity mass-flux approach for the convective boundary layer
    • doi: 10. 1175/JAS3888. 1
    • Siebesma AP, Soares PMM, Teixeira J (2007) A combined eddy-diffusivity mass-flux approach for the convective boundary layer. J Atmos Sci 64: 1230. doi: 10. 1175/JAS3888. 1.
    • (2007) J Atmos Sci , vol.64 , pp. 1230
    • Siebesma, A.P.1    Soares, P.M.M.2    Teixeira, J.3
  • 63
    • 13844264455 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • An eddy-diffusivity/mass-flux parametrization for dry and shallow cumulus convection
    • Soares PMM, Miranda PMA, Siebesma AP, Teixeira J (2004) An eddy-diffusivity/mass-flux parametrization for dry and shallow cumulus convection. Q J R Meteorol Soc 130: 3365-3383.
    • (2004) Q J R Meteorol Soc , vol.130 , pp. 3365-3383
    • Soares, P.M.M.1    Miranda, P.M.A.2    Siebesma, A.P.3    Teixeira, J.4
  • 64
    • 84987142855 scopus 로고
    • A parameterization scheme for non-convective condensation including prediction of cloud water content
    • doi:10.1002/qj.49710444110
    • Sundqvist H (1978) A parameterization scheme for non-convective condensation including prediction of cloud water content. Q J R Meteorol Soc 104: 677-690. doi: 10. 1002/qj. 49710444110.
    • (1978) Q J R Meteorol Soc , vol.104 , pp. 677-690
    • Sundqvist, H.1
  • 65
    • 0002863770 scopus 로고
    • Parameterization of condensation and associated clouds in models for weather prediction and general circulation simulation
    • Sundqvist H (1988) Parameterization of condensation and associated clouds in models for weather prediction and general circulation simulation. physically-based modelling and simulation of climate and climatic change.
    • (1988) Physically-based modelling and simulation of climate and climatic change
    • Sundqvist, H.1
  • 69
    • 0033077602 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Convectively coupled equatorial waves: analysis of clouds and temperature in the wavenumber-frequency domain
    • doi: 10. 1175/1520-0469(1999)056< 0374: CCEWAO> 2. 0. CO; 2
    • Wheeler M, Kiladis GN (1999) Convectively coupled equatorial waves: analysis of clouds and temperature in the wavenumber-frequency domain. J Atmos Sci 56: 374-399. doi: 10. 1175/1520-0469(1999)056< 0374: CCEWAO> 2. 0. CO; 2.
    • (1999) J Atmos Sci , vol.56 , pp. 374-399
    • Wheeler, M.1    Kiladis, G.N.2
  • 70
    • 35148883564 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Initial performance assessment of caliop
    • doi:10.1029/2007GL030135
    • Winker DM, Hunt WH, McGill MJ (2007) Initial performance assessment of caliop. Geophys Res Lett 34(19): 19803. doi: 10. 1029/2007GL030135.
    • (2007) Geophys Res Lett , vol.34 , Issue.19 , pp. 19803
    • Winker, D.M.1    Hunt, W.H.2    McGill, M.J.3
  • 71
    • 77953699667 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Importance of ocean heat uptake efficacy to transient climate change
    • doi:10.1175/2009JCLI3139.1
    • Winton M, Takahashi K, Held IM (2010) Importance of ocean heat uptake efficacy to transient climate change. J Clim 23(9): 2333-2344. doi: 10. 1175/2009JCLI3139. 1.
    • (2010) J Clim , vol.23 , Issue.9 , pp. 2333-2344
    • Winton, M.1    Takahashi, K.2    Held, I.M.3
  • 72
    • 0021038025 scopus 로고
    • 2l turbulence closure model
    • 2l turbulence closure model. J Atmos Sci 40: 91-106.
    • (1983) J Atmos Sci , vol.40 , pp. 91-106
    • Yamada, T.1
  • 73
    • 0035302480 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The diurnal cycle in the tropics
    • doi: 10. 1175/1520-0493(2001)129< 0784: TDCITT> 2. 0. CO; 2
    • Yang GY, Slingo J (2001) The diurnal cycle in the tropics. Mon Weather Rev 129: 784. doi: 10. 1175/1520-0493(2001)129< 0784: TDCITT> 2. 0. CO; 2.
    • (2001) Mon Weather Rev , vol.129 , pp. 784
    • Yang, G.Y.1    Slingo, J.2
  • 74
    • 0030417264 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A methodology study of the validation of clouds in GCMs using ISCCP satellite observations
    • doi:10.1007/BF00211685
    • Yu W, Doutriaux M, Seze G, Le Treut H, Desbois M (1996) A methodology study of the validation of clouds in GCMs using ISCCP satellite observations. Clim Dyn 12(6): 389-401. doi: 10. 1007/BF00211685.
    • (1996) Clim Dyn , vol.12 , Issue.6 , pp. 389-401
    • Yu, W.1    Doutriaux, M.2    Seze, G.3    Le Treut, H.4    Desbois, M.5
  • 75
    • 0043035566 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Sensitivity of climate simulations to radiative effects of tropical anvil structure
    • doi:10.1029/97JD02009
    • Zender CS, Kiehl JT (1997) Sensitivity of climate simulations to radiative effects of tropical anvil structure. J Geophys Res 1022: 23, 793-23, 804. doi: 10. 1029/97JD02009.
    • (1997) J Geophys Res , vol.1022 , pp. 23793-23804
    • Zender, C.S.1    Kiehl, J.T.2
  • 76
    • 23644435616 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Madden-Julian oscillation
    • doi:10.1029/2004RG000158
    • Zhang C (2005) Madden-Julian oscillation. Rev Geophys 43: 2003. doi: 10. 1029/2004RG000158.
    • (2005) Rev Geophys , vol.43 , pp. 2003
    • Zhang, C.1
  • 78
    • 73549121745 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Convection in a parameterized and superparameterized model and Its role in the representation of the MJO
    • doi: 10. 1175/2009JAS3097. 1
    • Zhu H, Hendon H, Jakob C (2009) Convection in a parameterized and superparameterized model and Its role in the representation of the MJO. J Atmos Sci 66: 2796. doi: 10. 1175/2009JAS3097. 1.
    • (2009) J Atmos Sci , vol.66 , pp. 2796
    • Zhu, H.1    Hendon, H.2    Jakob, C.3
  • 79
    • 0014580530 scopus 로고
    • The role of organized unsaturated convective downdrafts in the structure and rapid decay of an equatorial disturbance
    • Zipser EJ (1969) The role of organized unsaturated convective downdrafts in the structure and rapid decay of an equatorial disturbance. J Appl Meteorol 8: 799-814.
    • (1969) J Appl Meteorol , vol.8 , pp. 799-814
    • Zipser, E.J.1


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.