Drugged and dangerous: Prevalence and variants of substance use comorbidity among seriously violent offenders in the United States

Journal of Drug Issues

Volumn 45, Issue 3, 2015, Pages 232-248

  DeLisi, Matt ^a   Vaughn, Michael G ^b   Salas Wright, Christopher P ^c   Jennings, Wesley G ^d  

^a IOWA STATE UNIVERSITY   (United States)

^b SAINT LOUIS UNIVERSITY   (United States)

^c UNIVERSITY OF TEXAS AT AUSTIN   (United States)

^d UNIVERSITY OF SOUTH FLORIDA   (United States)

Author keywords

Drugs; Drugs violence nexus; Epidemiology; Violence

Indexed keywords

EID: 84943257367     PISSN: 00220426     EISSN: 19451369     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1177/0022042615579237     Document Type: Review

References (77)

1. American Psychiatric Association. (2000). Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders (4th ed., text rev.). Washington, DC: Author.
2. Bakk, Z., and Tekle, F. B., & Vermunt, J. K. (2013). Estimating the association between latent class membership and external variables using bias-adjusted three-step approaches. Sociological Methodology, 43, 272-311.
3. Baron, S. W. (2010). Street youths' control imbalance and soft and hard drug use. Journal of Criminal Justice, 38, 903-912.
4. Belenko, S. (2002). The challenges of conducting research in drug treatment court settings. Substance Use & Misuse, 37, 1635-1664.
5. Bellair, P. E., & McNulty, T. L. (2009). Gang membership, drug selling, and violence in neighborhood context. Justice Quarterly, 26, 644-669.
6. Bennett, T., Holloway, K., & Farrington, D. (2008). The statistical association between drug misuse and crime: A meta-analysis. Aggression and Violent Behavior, 13, 107-118.
7. Bennink, M., and Croon, M. A., & Vermunt, J. K. (2014). Stepwise latent class models for explaining group-level outcomes using discrete individual-level predictors (Working paper). Retrieved from http://members.home.nl/jeroenvermunt/bennink2014a.pdf
8. Boles, S. M., & Miotto, K. (2003). Substance abuse and violence: A review of the literature. Aggression and Violent Behavior, 8, 155-174.
9. Brecht, M. L., & Herbeck, D. M. (2013). Methamphetamine use and violent behavior: User perceptions and predictors. Journal of Drug Issues, 43, 468-482.
10. Brook, D. W., and Brook, J. S., Rubenstone, E., Zhang, C., & Saar, N. S. (2011). Developmental associations between externalizing behaviors, peer delinquency, drug use, perceived neighborhood crime, and violent behavior in urban communities. Aggressive Behavior, 37, 349-361.
11. Carson, D. C., and Sullivan, C. J., Cochran, J. K., & Lersch, K. M. (2008). General strain theory and the relationship between early victimization and drug use. Deviant Behavior, 30, 54-88.
12. Celeux, G., & Soromenho, G. (1996). An entropy criterion for assessing the number of clusters in a mixture model. Journal of Classification, 13, 195-212.
13. Chen, X., & Adams, M. (2010). Are teen delinquency abstainers social introverts? A test of Moffitt's theory. Journal of Research in Crime & Delinquency, 47, 439-468.
14. Conner, B. T., and Stein, J. A., & Longshore, D. (2009). Examining self-control as a multidimensional predictor of crime and drug use in adolescents with criminal histories. The Journal of Behavioral Health Services & Research, 36, 137-149.
15. Darke, S. (1998). Self-report among injecting drug users: A review. Drug and Alcohol Dependence, 51, 253-263.
16. DeLisi, M. (2005). Career criminals in society. Thousand Oaks, CA: SAGE.
17. DeLisi, M., Angton, A., Behnken, M. P., & Kusow, A. M. (2013). Do adolescent drug users fare the worst? Onset type, juvenile delinquency, and criminal careers. International Journal of Offender Therapy and Comparative Criminology, 59, 180-195. doi: 10.1177/0306624X13505426
18. Farabee, D., Joshi, V., & Anglin, M. D. (2001). Addiction careers and criminal specialization. Crime & Delinquency, 47, 196-220.
19. Farrington, D. P., Loeber, R., Stallings, R., & Homish, D. L. (2012). Early risk factors for young homicide offenders and victims. In M. DeLisi & P. J. Conis (Eds.), Violent offenders: Theory, research, policy, and practice (2nd ed., pp. 143-160). Burlington, MA: Jones & Bartlett.
20. Ford, J. A. (2008). Social learning theory and nonmedical prescription drug use among adolescents. Sociological Spectrum, 28, 299-316.
21. Gallupe, O., & Bouchard, M. (2013). Adolescent parties and substance use: A situational approach to peer influence. Journal of Criminal Justice, 41, 162-171.
22. Golder, S., & Logan, T. K. (2014). Violence, victimization, criminal justice involvement, and substance use among drug-involved men. Violence and Victims, 29, 53-72.
23. Gordon, R. A., and Rowe, H. L., Pardini, D., Loeber, R., White, H. R., & Farrington, D. P. (2014). Serious delinquency and gang participation: Combining and specializing in drug selling, theft, and violence. Journal of Research on Adolescence, 24, 235-251.
24. Graham, J. W., and Flay, B. R., Johnson, C. A., Hansen, W. B., Grossman, L., & Sobel, J. L. (1984). Reliability of self-report measures of drug use in prevention research: Evaluation of the Project SMART questionnaire via the test-retest reliability matrix. Journal of Drug Education, 14, 175-193.
25. Green, B. L., Furrer, C., Worcel, S., Burrus, S., & Finigan, M. W. (2007). How effective are family treatment drug courts? Outcomes from a four-site national study. Child Maltreatment, 12, 43-59.
26. Grucza, R. A., and Abbacchi, A. M., Przybeck, T. R., & Gfroerer, J. C. (2007). Discrepancies in estimates of prevalence and correlates of substance use and disorders between two national surveys. Addiction, 102, 623-629.
27. Havnes, I., Bukten, A., Gossop, M., Waal, H., Stangeland, P., & Clausen, T. (2012). Reductions in convictions for violent crime during opioid maintenance treatment: A Longitudinal National Cohort Study. Drug and Alcohol Dependence, 124, 307-310.
28. Jacques, S. (2010). The necessary conditions for retaliation: Toward a theory of non-violent and violent forms in drug markets. Justice Quarterly, 27, 186-205.
29. James, D. J. (2002). Profile of jail inmates, 2002. Washington, DC: U.S. Department of Justice, Office of Justice Programs, Bureau of Justice Statistics.
30. Jang, S. J., & Rhodes, J. R. (2012). General strain and non-strain theories: A study of crime in emerging adulthood. Journal of Criminal Justice, 40, 176-186.
31. Jennings, W. G., and Fox, B. H., & Farrington, D. P. (2014). Inked into crime? An examination of the causal relationship between tattoos and life-course offending among males from the Cambridge Study in Delinquent Development. Journal of Criminal Justice, 42, 77-84.
32. Jennings, W. G., & Reingle, J. M. (2012). On the number and shape of developmental/life-course violence, aggression, and delinquency trajectories: A state-of-the-art review. Journal of Criminal Justice, 40, 472-489.
33. Johnson, M. C., & Menard, S. (2011). A longitudinal study of delinquency abstention: Differences between life-course abstainers and offenders from adolescence into adulthood. Youth Violence and Juvenile Justice, 10, 272-291.
34. Jordan, B. K., and Karg, R. S., Batts, K. R., Epstein, J. F., & Wiesen, C. (2008). A clinical validation of the National Survey on Drug Use and Health assessment of substance use disorders. Addictive Behaviors, 33, 782-798.
35. Kopak, A. M., & Smith-Ruiz, D. (2014). DSM-5 substance use disorders and offense types among women in the criminal justice system. Journal of Offender Rehabilitation, 53, 433-454.
36. Kopak, A. M., Vartanian, L., Hoffmann, N. G., & Hunt, D. E. (2014). The connections between substance dependence, offense type, and offense severity. Journal of Drug Issues, 44, 291-307.
37. Listwan, S. J., and Sundt, J. L., Holsinger, A. M., & Latessa, E. J. (2003). The effect of drug court programming on recidivism: The Cincinnati experience. Crime & Delinquency, 49, 389-411.
38. Lo, C. C. (2004). Sociodemographic factors, drug abuse, and other crimes: How they vary among male and female arrestees. Journal of Criminal Justice, 32, 399-409.
39. Long, J. S., & Freese, J. (2006). Regression models for categorical dependent variables using Stata. College Station, TX: Stata Press.
40. Martin, S. S., Enev, T., & Harrington, D. (2007). Comparing drug testing and self-report of drug use among youths and young adults in the general population. Washington, DC: Department of Health and Human Services, Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration, Office of Applied Studies.
41. Martínez, R., Rosenfeld, R., & Mares, D. (2008). Social disorganization, drug market activity, and neighborhood violent crime. Urban Affairs Review, 43, 846-874.
42. McCuish, E. C., Corrado, R., Lussier, P., & Hart, S. D. (2014). Psychopathic traits and offending trajectories from early adolescence to adulthood. Journal of Criminal Justice, 42, 66-76.
43. McLachlan, G., & Peel, D. (2000). Finite mixture models. New York, NY: John Wiley.
44. McMurran, M. (2013). Individual-level interventions for alcohol-related violence: Expanding targets for inclusion in treatment programs. Journal of Criminal Justice, 41, 72-80.
45. Menard, S., & Mihalic, S. (2001). The tripartite conceptual framework in adolescence and adulthood: Evidence from a national sample. Journal of Drug Issues, 31, 905-939.
46. Menard, S., Mihalic, S., & Huizinga, D. (2001). Drugs and crime revisited. Justice Quarterly, 18, 269-299.
47. Meneses, R. A., & Akers, R. L. (2011). A comparison of four general theories of crime and deviance marijuana use among American and Bolivian university students. International Criminal Justice Review, 21, 333-352.
48. Miller, T. R., and Levy, D. T., Cohen, M. A., & Cox, K. L. (2006). Costs of alcohol and drug-involved crime. Prevention Science, 7, 333-342.
49. Mitchell, O., and Wilson, D. B., Eggers, A., & MacKenzie, D. L. (2012). Assessing the effectiveness of drug courts on recidivism: A meta-analytic review of traditional and non-traditional drug courts. Journal of Criminal Justice, 40, 60-71.
50. Moffitt, T. E. (1993). Adolescence-limited and life-course-persistent antisocial behavior: A developmental taxonomy. Psychological Review, 100, 674-701.
51. Moffitt, T. E., Caspi, A., Harrington, H., & Milne, B. J. (2002). Males on the life-course-persistent and adolescence-limited antisocial pathways: Follow-up at age 26 years. Development and Psychopathology, 14, 179-207.
52. Phillips, M. D. (2012). Assessing the impact of drug use and drug selling on violent offending in a panel of delinquent youth. Journal of Drug Issues, 42, 298-316.
53. Piquero, A. R., and Farrington, D. P., Welsh, B. C., Tremblay, R., & Jennings, W. G. (2009). Effects of early family/parent training programs on antisocial behavior and delinquency. Journal of Experimental Criminology, 5, 83-120.
54. Piquero, A. R., and Jennings, W. G., & Farrington, D. P. (2010). On the malleability of self-control: Theoretical and policy implications regarding a general theory of crime. Justice Quarterly, 27, 803-834.
55. Piquero, A. R., and Jennings, W. G., Piquero, N. L., & Schubert, C. A. (2014). Human but not social capital is better able to distinguish between offending trajectories in a sample of serious adolescent Hispanic offenders. Journal of Criminal Justice, 42, 366-373.
56. Reingle, J. M., and Staras, S. A., Jennings, W. G., Branchini, J., & Maldonado-Molina, M. M. (2012). The relationship between marijuana use and intimate partner violence in a nationally representative, longitudinal sample. Journal of Interpersonal Violence, 27, 1562-1578.
57. Schroeder, R. D., & Ford, J. A. (2012). Prescription drug misuse a test of three competing criminological theories. Journal of Drug Issues, 42, 4-27.
58. Seffrin, P. M., & Domahidi, B. I. (2014). The drugs-violence nexus: A systematic comparison of adolescent drug dealers and drug users. Journal of Drug Issues, 44, 394-413. doi: 10.1177/0022042614526994
59. Sevigny, E. L., and Fuleihan, B. K., & Ferdik, F. V. (2013). Do drug courts reduce the use of incarceration? A meta-analysis. Journal of Criminal Justice, 41, 416-425.
60. Shaffer, D. K. (2011). Looking inside the black box of drug courts: A meta-analytic review. Justice Quarterly, 28, 493-521.
61. Shook, J. J., Vaughn, M., Goodkind, S., & Johnson, H. (2011). An empirical portrait of youthful offenders who sell drugs. Journal of Criminal Justice, 39, 224-231.
62. Shook, J. J., and Vaughn, M. G., & Salas-Wright, C. P. (2013). Exploring the variation in drug selling among adolescents in the United States. Journal of Criminal Justice, 41, 365-374.
63. Sloan, J. J., and Smykla, J. O., & Rush, J. P. (2004). Do juvenile drug courts reduce recidivism? Outcomes of drug court and an adolescent substance abuse program. American Journal of Criminal Justice, 29, 95-115.
64. Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration. (2013). Results from the 2012 national survey on drug use and health: Summary of national findings. Rockville, MD: Author.
65. Torok, M., Darke, S., & Kaye, S. (2012). Predisposed violent drug users versus drug users who commit violence: Does the order of onset translate to differences in the severity of violent offending? Drug and Alcohol Review, 31, 558-565.
66. Vaughn, M. G., and Beaver, K. M., DeLisi, M., Perron, B. E., & Schelbe, L. (2009). Gene-environment interplay and the importance of self-control in predicting polydrug use and substance-related problems. Addictive Behaviors, 34, 112-116.
67. Vaughn, M. G., DeLisi, M., Beaver, K. M., and Perron, B. E., & Abdon, A. (2012). Toward a criminal justice epidemiology: Behavioral and physical health of probationers and parolees in the United States. Journal of Criminal Justice, 40, 165-173.
68. Vaughn, M. G., DeLisi, M., Gunter, T., Fu, Q., and Beaver, K. M., Perron, B. E., & Howard, M. O. (2011). The severe 5%: A latent class analysis of the externalizing behavior spectrum in the United States. Journal of Criminal Justice, 39, 75-80.
69. Vaughn, M. G., Fu, Q., Wernet, S. J., DeLisi, M., and Beaver, K. M., Perron, B. E., & Howard, M. O. (2011). Characteristics of abstainers from substance use and antisocial behavior in the United States. Journal of Criminal Justice, 39, 212-217.
70. Vaughn, M. G., and Newhill, C. E., DeLisi, M., Beaver, K. M., & Howard, M. O. (2008). An investigation of psychopathic features among delinquent girls: Violence, theft, and drug abuse. Youth Violence and Juvenile Justice, 6, 240-255.
71. Vaughn, M. G., & Perron, B. E. (2014). Substance use careers and antisocial behavior: A biosocial life-course perspective. In M. DeLisi & K. M. Beaver (Eds.), Criminological theory: A life-course approach (2nd ed., pp. 167-176). Burlington, MA: Jones & Bartlett.
72. Walters, G. D. (2013). Drugs, crime, and their relationships: Theory, research, practice, and policy. Burlington, MA: Jones & Bartlett.
73. Wei, E. H., Loeber, R., & White, H. R. (2004). Teasing apart the developmental associations between alcohol and marijuana use and violence. Journal of Contemporary Criminal Justice, 20, 166-183.
74. White, H. R., & Labouvie, E. W. (1994). Generality vs. specificity of problem behavior: Psychological and functional differences. Journal of Drug Issues, 24, 55-74.
75. White, H. R., Loeber, R., Stouthamer-Loeber, M., & Farrington, D. P. (1999). Developmental associations between substance use and violence. Development and Psychopathology, 11, 785-803.
76. Wilson, D. B., Mitchell, O., & MacKenzie, D. L. (2006). A systematic review of drug court effects on recidivism. Journal of Experimental Criminology, 2, 459-487.
77. Xue, Y., and Zimmerman, M. A., & Cunningham, R. (2009). Relationship between alcohol use and violent behavior among urban African American youths from adolescence to emerging adulthood: A longitudinal study. American Journal of Public Health, 99, 2041-2048.