Pharmacological treatments for fatigue associated with palliative care

Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews

Volumn 2015, Issue 5, 2015, Pages

  Mücke, Martin ^a   Mochamat, ^a,b   Cuhls, Henning ^a   Peuckmann Post, Vera ^c   Minton, Ollie ^d   Stone, Patrick ^e   Radbruch, Lukas ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY HOSPITAL BONN   (Germany)

^b DIPONEGORO UNIVERSITY   (Indonesia)

^c RWTH AACHEN UNIVERSITY   (Germany)

^d ST GEORGE'S UNIVERSITY OF LONDON   (United Kingdom)

^e UNIVERSITY COLLEGE LONDON   (United Kingdom)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

AMANTADINE; BENZHYDRYL DERIVATIVE; CARNITINE; CENTRAL STIMULANT AGENT; METHYLPHENIDATE; MODAFINIL; PEMOLINE;

ADULT; CHRONIC DISEASE; CHRONIC KIDNEY FAILURE; COMPLICATION; FATIGUE; HUMAN; META ANALYSIS; MULTIPLE SCLEROSIS; NEOPLASM; PALLIATIVE THERAPY; RANDOMIZED CONTROLLED TRIAL (TOPIC);

ADULT; AMANTADINE; BENZHYDRYL COMPOUNDS; CARNITINE; CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM STIMULANTS; CHRONIC DISEASE; FATIGUE; HUMANS; KIDNEY FAILURE, CHRONIC; METHYLPHENIDATE; MULTIPLE SCLEROSIS; NEOPLASMS; PALLIATIVE CARE; PEMOLINE; RANDOMIZED CONTROLLED TRIALS AS TOPIC;

EID: 84941901406     PISSN: None     EISSN: 1469493X     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1002/14651858.CD006788.pub3     Document Type: Review

References (149)

1. Ashtari F, Fatehi F, Shaygannejad V, Chitsaz A. Does amantadine have favourable effects on fatigue in Persian patients suffering from multiple sclerosis?. Neurologia i Neurochirurgia Polska 2009;43(5):428-32. [PUBMED: 11176767]
2. Auret KA, Schug SA, Bremner AP, Bulsara M. A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial assessing the impact of dexamphetamine on fatigue in patients with advanced cancer. Journal of Pain and Symptom Management 2009;37(4):613-21. [PUBMED: 18790598]
3. Barak Y, Magalashvili D, Dolgopiat MD, Ladkani D, Nitzani D, Mazor Z, et al. Effect of alfacalcidol on fatigue in ms patients: a randomized, double-blind study. Neurology 2014;82(10 Suppl):S23.004.
4. Brass EP, Adler S, Sietsema KE, Hiatt WR, Orlando AM, Amato A, et al. Intravenous L-carnitine increases plasma carnitine, reduces fatigue, and may preserve exercise capacity in hemodialysis patients. American Journal of Kidney Diseases 2001;37(5):1018-28. [PUBMED: 11325685]
5. Breitbart W, Rosenfeld B, Kaim M, Funesti-Esch J. A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial of psychostimulants for the treatment of fatigue in ambulatory patients with human immunodeficiency virus disease. Archives of Internal Medicine 2001;161(3):411-20. [PUBMED: 11176767]
6. Bruera E, Valero V, Driver L, Shen L, Willey J, Zhang T, et al. Patient-controlled methylphenidate for cancer fatigue: a double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled trial. Journal of Clinical Oncology 2006;24(13):2073-8. [PUBMED: 16648508]
7. Bruera E, El Osta B, Valero V, Driver LC, Pei BL, Shen L, et al. Donepezil for cancer fatigue: a double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled trial. Journal of Clinical Oncology 2007;25(23):3475-81. [PUBMED: 17687152]
8. Butler JM Jr, Case LD, Atkins J, Frizzell B, Sanders G, Griffin P, et al. A phase III, double-blind, placebo-controlled prospective randomized clinical trial of d-threo-methylphenidate HCl in brain tumor patients receiving radiation therapy. International Journal of Radiation Oncology, Biology, Physics 2007;69(5):1496-501. [PUBMED: 17869448]
9. Canadian MS Research Group. A randomized controlled trial of amantadine in fatigue associated with multiple sclerosis. Canadian Journal of Neurological Sciences 1987;14(3):273-8. [PUBMED: 2889518]
10. Cohen RA, Fisher M. Amantadine treatment of fatigue associated with multiple sclerosis. Archives of Neurology 1989;46(6):676-80. [PUBMED: 2730380]
11. Cruciani RA, Dvorkin E, Homel P, Culliney B, Malamud S, Lapin J, et al. L-carnitine supplementation in patients with advanced cancer and carnitine deficiency: a double-blind, placebo-controlled study. Journal of Pain and Symptom Management 2009;37(4):622-31. [PUBMED: 18809275]
12. Cruciani RA, Zhang JJ, Manola J, Cella D, Ansari B, Fisch MJ. L-carnitine supplementation for the management of fatigue in patients with cancer: an Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group phase III, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. Journal of Clinical Oncology 2012;30(31):3864-9. [PUBMED: 22987089]
13. Della Cuna GR, Pellegrini A, Piazzi M. Effect of methylprednisolone sodium succinate on quality of life in preterminal cancer patients: a placebo-controlled, multicenter study. The Methylprednisolone Preterminal Cancer Study Group. European Journal of Cancer and Clinical Oncology 1989;25(12):1817-21. [PUBMED: 2698804]
14. Escalante CP, Meyers C, Reuben JM, Wang X, Qiao W, Manzullo E, et al. A randomized, double-blind, 2-period, placebo-controlled crossover trial of a sustained-release methylphenidate in the treatment of fatigue in cancer patients. Cancer Journal (Sudbury, Mass.) 2014;20(1):8-14. [PUBMED: 24445757]
15. Fisch MJ, Loehrer PJ, Kristeller J, Passik S, Jung SH, Shen J, et al. Fluoxetine versus placebo in advanced cancer outpatients: a double-blinded trial of the Hoosier Oncology Group. Journal of Clinical Oncology 2003;21(10):1937-43. [PUBMED: 12743146]
16. Jean-Pierre P, Morrow GR, Roscoe JA, Heckler C, Mohile S, Janelsins M, et al. A phase 3 randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blind, clinical trial of the effect of modafinil on cancer-related fatigue among 631 patients receiving chemotherapy: a University of Rochester Cancer Center Community Clinical Oncology Program Research base study. Cancer 2010;116(14):3513-20. [PUBMED: 20564068]
17. Kerr CW, Drake J, Milch RA, Brazeau DA, Skretny JA, Brazeau GA, et al. Effects of methylphenidate on fatigue and depression: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. Journal of Pain and Symptom Management 2012;43(1):68-77. [PUBMED: 20564068]
18. Knapp PE, Storer TW, Herbst KL, Singh AB, Dzekov C, Dzekov J, et al. Effects of a supraphysiological dose of testosterone on physical function, muscle performance, mood, and fatigue in men with HIV-associated weight loss. American Journal of Physiology. Endocrinology and Metabolism 2008;294(6):E1135-43. [PUBMED: 18430965]
19. Geisler MW, Sliwinski M, Coyle PK, Masur DM, Doscher C, Krupp LB. The effects of amantadine and pemoline on cognitive functioning in multiple sclerosis. Archives of Neurology 1996;53(2):185-8. [PUBMED: 8639070]
20. Krupp LB, Coyle PK, Doscher C, Miller A, Cross AH, Jandorf L, et al. Fatigue therapy in multiple sclerosis: results of a double-blind, randomized, parallel trial of amantadine, pemoline, and placebo. Neurology 1995;45(11):1956-61. [PUBMED: 7501140]
21. Lacasse Y, Beaudoin L, Rousseau L, Maltais F. Randomized trial of paroxetine in end-stage COPD. Monaldi Archives for Chest Disease 2004;61(3):140-7. [PUBMED: 15679006]
22. Lange R, Volkmer M, Heesen C, Liepert J. Modafinil effects in multiple sclerosis patients with fatigue. Journal of Neurology 2009;256(4):645-50. [PUBMED: 19367356]
23. Lou JS, Dimitrova DM, Park BS, Johnson SC, Eaton R, Arnold G, et al. Using modafinil to treat fatigue in Parkinson disease: a double-blind, placebo-controlled pilot study. Clinical Neuropharmacology 2009;32(6):305-10. [PUBMED: 19620846 ]
24. Moraska AR, Sood A, Dakhil SR, Sloan JA, Barton D, Atherton PJ, et al. Phase III, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study of long-acting methylphenidate for cancer-related fatigue: North Central Cancer Treatment Group NCCTG-N05C7 trial. Journal of Clinical Oncology 2010;28(23):3673-9. [PUBMED: 20625123]
25. Morrow GR, Hickok JT, Roscoe JA, Raubertas RF, Andrews PL, Flynn PJ, et al. Differential effects of paroxetine on fatigue and depression: a randomized, double-blind trial from the University of Rochester Cancer Center Community Clinical Oncology Program. Journal of Clinical Oncology 2003;21(24):4635-41. [PUBMED: 14673053]
26. Murray TJ. Amantadine therapy for fatigue in multiple sclerosis. Canadian Journal of Neurological Sciences 1985;12(3):251-4. [PUBMED: 3902184]
27. Rabkin JG, Wagner GJ, Rabkin R. A double-blind, placebo-controlled trial of testosterone therapy for HIV-positive men with hypogonadal symptoms. Archives of General Psychiatry 2000;57(2):141-7; discussion 155-6. [PUBMED: 10665616]
28. Rabkin JG, Wagner GJ, McElhiney MC, Rabkin R, Lin SH. Testosterone versus fluoxetine for depression and fatigue in HIV/AIDS: a placebo-controlled trial. Journal of Clinical Psychopharmacology 2004;24(4):379-85. [PUBMED: 15232328]
29. Rabkin JG, Gordon PH, McElhiney M, Rabkin R, Chew S, Mitsumoto H. Modafinil treatment of fatigue in patients with ALS: a placebo-controlled study. Muscle and Nerve 2009;39(3):297-303. [PUBMED: 19208404]
30. Rabkin JG, McElhiney MC, Rabkin R, McGrath P. Modafinil treatment for fatigue in HIV/AIDS: a randomized placebo-controlled study. Journal of Clinical Psychiatry 2010;71(6):707-15. [PUBMED: 20492840]
31. Rabkin JG, McElhiney MC, Rabkin R. Treatment of HIV-related fatigue with armodafinil: a placebo-controlled randomized trial. Psychosomatics 2011;52(4):328-36. [PUBMED: 21777715]
32. Rosenberg GA, Appenzeller O. Amantadine, fatigue, and multiple sclerosis. Archives of Neurology 1988;45:1104-6. [PUBMED: 2972270]
33. Roth AJ, Nelson C, Rosenfeld B, Scher H, Slovin S, Morris M, et al. Methylphenidate for fatigue in ambulatory men with prostate cancer. Cancer 2010;116(21):5102-10. [PUBMED: 20665492]
34. Semiglazov VF, Stepula VV, Dudov A, Schnitker J, Mengs U. Quality of life is improved in breast cancer patients by Standardised Mistletoe Extract PS76A2 during chemotherapy and follow-up: a randomised, placebo-controlled, double-blind, multicentre clinical trial. Anticancer research 2006;26(2B):1519-29. [PUBMED: 16619567]
35. Shaygannejad V, Janghorbani M, Ashtari F, Zakeri H. Comparison of the effect of aspirin and amantadine for the treatment of fatigue in multiple sclerosis: a randomized, blinded, crossover study. Neurological Research 2012;34(9):854-8. [PUBMED: 22979982]
36. Simons JP, Aaronson NK, Vansteenkiste JF, ten Velde GP, Muller MJ, Drenth BM, et al. Effects of medroxyprogesterone acetate on appetite, weight, and quality of life in advanced-stage non-hormone-sensitive cancer: a placebo-controlled multicenter study. Journal of Clinical Oncology 1996;14(4):1077-84. [PUBMED: 8648360]
37. Spathis A, Fife K, Blackhall F, Dutton S, Bahadori R, Wharton R, et al. Modafinil for the treatment of fatigue in lung cancer: results of a placebo-controlled, double-blind, randomized trial. Journal of Clinical Oncology 2014;32:1-8. [PUBMED: 24778393]
38. Stankoff B, Waubant E, Confavreux C, Edan G, Debouverie M, Rumbach L, et al. Modafinil for fatigue in MS: a randomized placebo-controlled double-blind study. Neurology 2005;64(7):1139-43. [PUBMED: 15824337]
39. Stein DP, Dambrosia JM, Dalakas MC. A double-blind, placebo-controlled trial of amantadine for the treatment of fatigue in patients with the post-polio syndrome. Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences 1995;753:296-302. [PUBMED: 7611638]
40. Tomassini V, Pozzilli C, Onesti E, Pasqualetti P, Marinelli F, Pisani A, et al. Comparison of the effects of acetyl L-carnitine and amantadine for the treatment of fatigue in multiple sclerosis: results of a pilot, randomised, double-blind, crossover trial. Journal of the Neurological Sciences 2004;218(1-2):103-8. [PUBMED: 14759641]
41. Vasconcelos OM, Prokhorenko OA, Salajegheh MK, Kelley KF, Livornese K, Olsen CH, et al. Modafinil for treatment of fatigue in post-polio syndrome: a randomized controlled trial. Neurology 2007;68(20):1680-6. [PUBMED: 17502549]
42. Wagner GJ, Rabkin R. Effects of dextroamphetamine on depression and fatigue in men with HIV: a double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. Journal of Clinical Psychiatry 2000;61(6):436-40. [PUBMED: 10901342]
43. Weinshenker BG, Penman M, Bass B, Ebers GC, Rice GP. A double-blind, randomized, crossover trial of pemoline in fatigue associated with multiple sclerosis. Neurology 1992;42(8):1468-71. [PUBMED: 1641137]
44. Westman G, Bergman B, Albertsson M, Kadar L, Gustavsson G, Thaning L, et al. Megestrol acetate in advanced, progressive, hormone-insensitive cancer. Effects on the quality of life: a placebo-controlled, randomised, multicentre trial. European Journal of Cancer 1999;35(4):586-95. [PUBMED: 10492632 ]
45. Wingerchuk DM, Benarroch EE, O'Brien PC, Keegan BM, Lucchinetti CF, Noseworthy JH, et al. A randomized controlled crossover trial of aspirin for fatigue in multiple sclerosis. Neurology 2005;64(7):1267-9. [PUBMED: 15824361]
46. Yennurajalingam S, Frisbee-Hume S, Palmer JL, Delgado-Guay MO, Bull J, Phan AT, et al. Reduction of cancer-related fatigue with dexamethasone: a double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled trial in patients with advanced cancer. Journal of Clinical Oncology 2013;31(25):3076-82. [PUBMED: 23897970]
47. Agteresch HJ, Dagnelie PC, van der Gaast A, Stijnen T, Wilson JH. Randomized clinical trial of adenosine 5'-triphosphate in patients with advanced non-small-cell lung cancer. Journal of the National Cancer Institute 2000;92(4):321-8. [PUBMED: 10675381]
48. Bruera E, Chadwick S, Brenneis C, Hanson J, MacDonald RN. Methylphenidate associated with narcotics for the treatment of cancer pain. Cancer Treatment Reports 1987;71(1):67-70. [PUBMED: 3791269]
49. Bruera E, Ernst S, Hagen N, Spachynski K, Belzile M, Hanson J, et al. Effectiveness of megestrol acetate in patients with advanced cancer: a randomized, double-blind, crossover study. Cancer Prevention and Control 1998;2(2):74-8. [PUBMED: 9765767]
50. Bruera E, Strasser F, Shen L, Palmer JL, Willey J, Driver LC, et al. The effect of donepezil on sedation and other symptoms in patients receiving opioids for cancer pain: a pilot study. Journal of Pain and Symptom Management 2003;26(5):1049-54. [PUBMED: 14585555]
51. Capuron L, Gumnick JF, Musselman DL, Lawson DH, Reemsnyder A, Nemeroff CB, et al. Neurobehavioral effects of interferon-alpha in cancer patients: phenomenology and paroxetine responsiveness of symptom dimensions. Neuropsychopharmacology 2002;26(5):643-52. [PUBMED: 11927189]
52. Carter GT, Weiss MD, Lou JS, Jensen MP, Abresch RT, Martin TK, et al. Modafinil to treat fatigue in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis: an open label pilot study. American Journal of Hospice and Palliative Care 2005;22(1):55-9. [PUBMED: 15736608]
53. Cerchietti LC, Navigante AH, Peluffo GD, Diament MJ, Stillitani I, Klein SA, et al. Effects of celecoxib, medroxyprogesterone, and dietary intervention on systemic syndromes in patients with advanced lung adenocarcinoma: a pilot study. Journal of Pain and Symptom Management 2004;27(1):85-95. [PUBMED: 14711473]
54. Cruciani RA, Dvorkin E, Homel P, Culliney B, Malamud S, Shaiova L, et al. L-carnitine supplementation for the treatment of fatigue and depressed mood in cancer patients with carnitine deficiency: a preliminary analysis. Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences 2004;1033:168-76. [PUBMED: 15591014]
55. Cruciani RA, Dvorkin E, Homel P, Malamud S, Culliney B, Lapin J, et al. Safety, tolerability and symptom outcomes associated with L-carnitine supplementation in patients with cancer, fatigue, and carnitine deficiency: a phase I/II study. Journal of Pain and Symptom Management 2006;32(6):551-9. [PUBMED: 17157757]
56. Cueva JF, Calvo M, Anido U, León L, Gallardo E, Areses C, et al. Methylphenidate in the management of asthenia in breast cancer patients treated with docetaxel: results of a pilot study. Investigational New Drugs 2012;30(2):688-94. [PUBMED: 20844926]
57. Cullum JL, Wojciechowski AE, Pelletier G, Simpson JS. Bupropion sustained release treatment reduces fatigue in cancer patients. Canadian Journal of Psychiatry. Revue Canadienne de Psychiatrie 2004;49(2):139-44. [PUBMED: 15065748]
58. De Conno F, Martini C, Zecca E, Balzarini A, Venturino P, Groff L, et al. Megestrol acetate for anorexia in patients with far-advanced cancer: a double-blind controlled clinical trial. European Journal of Cancer 1998;34(11):1705-9. [PUBMED: 9893656 ]
59. Diel IJ, Body JJ, Lichinitser MR, Kreuser ED, Dornoff W, Gorbunova VA, et al. Improved quality of life after long-term treatment with the bisphosphonate ibandronate in patients with metastatic bone disease due to breast cancer. European Journal of Cancer 2004;40(11):1704-12. [PUBMED: 15251160]
60. Downer S, Joel S, Allbright A, Plant H, Stubbs L, Talbot D, et al. A double blind placebo controlled trial of medroxyprogesterone acetate (MPA) in cancer cachexia. British Journal of Cancer 1993;67(5):1102-5. [PUBMED: 8494706]
61. Dunlop BW, Crits-Christoph P, Evans DL, Hirschowitz J, Solvason HB, Rickels K, et al. Coadministration of modafinil and a selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor from the initiation of treatment of major depressive disorder with fatigue and sleepiness: a double-blind, placebo-controlled study. Journal of Clinical Psychopharmacology 2007;27(6):614-9. [PUBMED: 18004129]
62. Gehring K, Patwardhan SY, Collins R, Groves MD, Etzel CJ, Meyers CA, et al. A randomized trial on the efficacy of methylphenidate and modafinil for improving cognitive functioning and symptoms in patients with a primary brain tumor. Journal of Neuro-oncology 2012;107(1):165-74. [PUBMED: 21964738]
63. Graziano F, Bisonni R, Catalano V, Silva R, Rovidati S, Mencarini E, et al. Potential role of levocarnitine supplementation for the treatment of chemotherapy-induced fatigue in non-anaemic cancer patients. British Journal of Cancer 2002;86(12):1854-7. [PUBMED: 12085175]
64. Hannestad J, Della Gioia N, Ortiz N, Pittman B, Bhagwagar Z. Citalopram reduces endotoxin-induced fatigue. Brain, Behavior, and Immunity 2011;25(2):256-9. [PUBMED: 20955776]
65. Hovey E, de Souza P, Marx G, Parente P, Rapke T, Hill A, et al. Phase III, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study of modafinil for fatigue in patients treated with docetaxel-based chemotherapy. Supportive Care in Cancer 2014;22(5):1233-42. [PUBMED: 24337761]
66. Inoue A, Yamada Y, Matsumura Y, Shimada Y, Muro K, Gotoh M, et al. Randomized study of dexamethasone treatment for delayed emesis, anorexia and fatigue induced by irinotecan. Supportive Care in Cancer 2003;11(8):528-32. [PUBMED: 12844250]
67. Lauretti GR, Rizzo CC, Mattos AL, Rodrigues SW. Epidural methadone results in dose-dependent analgesia in cancer pain, further enhanced by epidural dexamethasone. British Journal of Cancer 2013;108(2):259-64. [PUBMED: 23322191]
68. Laval G, Paris A. Methylphenidate in palliative care in cancer patient: a double-blind randomised trial versus placebo [Methylphenidate et asthenie en soins palliatifs chez le patient cancereux: essai multicentrique randomise versus placebo en double aveugle]. Bulletin du Cancer 2008;95(2):241-6. [PUBMED: 18304907]
69. Lower EE, Fleishman S, Cooper A, Zeldis J, Faleck H, Yu Z, et al. Efficacy of dexmethylphenidate for the treatment of fatigue after cancer chemotherapy: a randomized clinical trial. Journal of Pain and Symptom Management 2009;38(5):650-62. [PUBMED: 19896571]
70. Mar Fan HG, Clemons M, Xu W, Chemerynsky I, Breunis H, Braganza S, et al. A randomised, placebo-controlled, double-blind trial of the effects of d-methylphenidate on fatigue and cognitive dysfunction in women undergoing adjuvant chemotherapy for breast cancer. Supportive Care in Cancer 2008;16(6):577-83. [PUBMED: 17972110]
71. McElhiney M, Rabkin J, Van Gorp W, Rabkin R. Modafinil effects on cognitive function in HIV+ patients treated for fatigue: a placebo controlled study. Journal of Clinical and Experimental Neuropsychology 2010;32(5):474-80. [PUBMED: 19937504]
72. McElhiney M, Rabkin J, Van Gorp W, Rabkin R. Effect of armodafinil on cognition in patients with HIV/AIDS and fatigue. Journal of Clinical and Experimental Neuropsychology 2013;35(7):718-27. [PUBMED: 23944194]
73. Mercadante S, Fulfaro F, Casuccio A. The use of corticosteroids in home palliative care. Supportive Care in Cancer 2001;9(5):386-9. [PUBMED: 11497394]
74. Metz LM, Patten SB, Archibald CJ, Bakker JI, Harris CJ, Patry DG, et al. The effect of immunomodulatory treatment on multiple sclerosis fatigue. Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery, and Psychiatry 2004;75(7):1045-7. [PUBMED: 15201369]
75. Moertel CG, Schutt AJ, Reitemeier RJ, Hahn RG. Corticosteroid therapy of preterminal gastrointestinal cancer. Cancer 1974;33(6):1607-9. [PUBMED: 4135151]
76. Mohr DC, Hart SL, Goldberg A. Effects of treatment for depression on fatigue in multiple sclerosis. Psychosomatic Medicine 2003;65(4):542-7. [PUBMED: 12883103]
77. Monk JP, Phillips G, Waite R, Kuhn J, Schaaf LJ, Otterson GA, et al. Assessment of tumor necrosis factor alpha blockade as an intervention to improve tolerability of dose-intensive chemotherapy in cancer patients. Journal of Clinical Oncology 2006;24(12):1852-9. [PUBMED: 16622259]
78. Moss EL, Simpson JS, Pelletier G, Forsyth P. An open-label study of the effects of bupropion SR on fatigue, depression and quality of life of mixed-site cancer patients and their partners. Psycho-Oncology 2006;15(3):259-67. [PUBMED: 16041840]
79. Popiela T, Lucchi R, Giongo F. Methylprednisolone as palliative therapy for female terminal cancer patients. The Methylprednisolone Female Preterminal Cancer Study Group. European Journal of Cancer and Clinical Oncology 1989;25(12):1823-9. [PUBMED: 2483687]
80. Rabkin JG, Ferrando SJ, Wagner GJ, Rabkin R. DHEA treatment for HIV+ patients: effects on mood, androgenic and anabolic parameters. Psychoneuroendocrinology 2000;25(1):53-68. [PUBMED: 10633535]
81. Rabkin JG, McElhiney MC, Rabkin R. Modafinil and armodafinil treatment for fatigue for HIV-positive patients with and without chronic hepatitis C. International Journal of STD & AIDS 2011;22(2):95-101. [PUBMED: 21427431]
82. Rammohan KW, Rosenberg JH, Lynn DJ, Blumenfeld AM, Pollak CP, Nagaraja HN. Efficacy and safety of modafinil (Provigil) for the treatment of fatigue in multiple sclerosis: a two centre phase 2 study. Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery, and Psychiatry 2002;72(2):179-83. [PUBMED: 11796766]
83. Romani A, Bergamaschi R, Candeloro E, Alfonsi E, Callieco R, Cosi V. Fatigue in multiple sclerosis: multidimensional assessment and response to symptomatic treatment. Multiple Sclerosis (Houndmills, Basingstoke, England) 2004;10(4):462-8. [PUBMED: 15327047]
84. Roscoe JA, Morrow GR, Hickok JT, Mustian KM, Griggs JJ, Matteson SE, et al. Effect of paroxetine hydrochloride (Paxil) on fatigue and depression in breast cancer patients receiving chemotherapy. Breast Cancer Research and Treatment 2005;89(3):243-9. [PUBMED: 15754122]
85. Sailer M, Heinze HJ, Schoenfeld MA, Hauser U, Smid HG. Amantadine influences cognitive processing in patients with multiple sclerosis. Pharmacopsychiatry 2000;33(1):28-37. [PUBMED: 10721881]
86. Shaw EG, Rosdhal R, D'Agostino RB Jr, Lovato J, Naughton MJ, Robbins ME, et al. Phase II study of donepezil in irradiated brain tumor patients: effect on cognitive function, mood, and quality of life. Journal of Clinical Oncology 2006;24(9):1415-20. [PUBMED: 16549835]
87. Shaw EG, Case D, Bryant D, Grisell D, Lesser G, Monitto DC, et al. Phase II double-blind placebo-controlled study of armodafinil for brain radiation induced fatigue. Journal of Clinical Oncology 2013;31(Suppl):Abstr 9505.
88. Spathis A, Dhillan R, Booden D, Forbes K, Vrotsou K, Fife K. Modafinil for the treatment of fatigue in lung cancer: a pilot study. Palliative Medicine 2009;23(4):325-31. [PUBMED: 19270033]
89. Stockler MR, O'Connell R, Nowak AK, Goldstein D, Turner J, Wilcken NR, et al. Effect of sertraline on symptoms and survival in patients with advanced cancer, but without major depression: a placebo-controlled double-blind randomised trial. Lancet Oncology 2007;8(7):603-12. [PUBMED: 17548243]
90. Torta R, Berra C, Binaschi L, Borio R. Amisulpride in the short-term treatment of depressive and physical symptoms in cancer patients during chemotherapies. Supportive Care in Cancer 2007;15(5):539-46. [PUBMED: 17406919]
91. Wade DT, Young CA, Chaudhuri KR, Davidson DL. A randomised placebo controlled exploratory study of vitamin B-12, lofepramine, and L-phenylalanine (the "Cari Loder regime") in the treatment of multiple sclerosis. Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery, and Psychiatry 2002;73(3):246-9. [PUBMED: 12185153]
92. Wagner GJ, Rabkin JG, Rabkin R. Dextroamphetamine as a treatment for depression and low energy in AIDS patients: a pilot study. Journal of Psychosomatic Research 1997;42(4):407-11. [PUBMED: 9160280]
93. Weitzner MA, Moncello J, Jacobsen PB, Minton S. A pilot trial of paroxetine for the treatment of hot flashes and associated symptoms in women with breast cancer. Journal of Pain and Symptom Management 2002;23(4):337-45. [PUBMED: 11997203]
94. Wilwerding MB, Loprinzi CL, Mailliard JA, O'Fallon JR, Miser AW, van Haelst C, et al. A randomized, crossover evaluation of methylphenidate in cancer patients receiving strong narcotics. Supportive Care in Cancer 1995;3(2):135-8. [PUBMED: 7539701]
95. Zifko UA, Rupp M, Schwarz S, Zipko HT, Maida EM. Modafinil in treatment of fatigue in multiple sclerosis. Results of an open-label study. Journal of Neurology 2002;249(8):983-7. [PUBMED: 12195441]
96. Atkins D, Best D, Briss PA, Eccles M, Falck-Ytter Y, Flottorp S, et al. Grading quality of evidence and strength of recommendations. BMJ 2004;328(7454):1490.
97. Bakshi R. Fatigue associated with multiple sclerosis: diagnosis, impact and management. Multiple Sclerosis 2003;9(3):219-27. [PUBMED: 12814166]
98. Bennett CL, Silver SM, Djulbegovic B, Samaras AT, Blau CA, Gleason KJ, et al. Venous thromboembolism and mortality associated with recombinant erythropoietin and darbepoetin administration for the treatment of cancer-associated anemia. JAMA 2008;299(8):914-24. [DOI: ; PUBMED: 18314434]
99. Bohlius J, Schmidlin K, Brillant C, Schwarzer G, Trelle S, Seidenfeld J, et al. Recombinant human erythropoiesis-stimulating agents and mortality in patients with cancer: a meta-analysis of randomised trials. Lancet 2009;373(9674):1532-42. [DOI: ; PUBMED: 19410717]
100. Breitbart W, McDonald MV, Rosenfeld B, Monkman ND, Passik S. Fatigue in ambulatory AIDS patients. Journal of Pain and Symptom Management 1998;15(3):159-67. [PUBMED: 9564117]
101. Cantarero-Villanueva I, Fernández-Lao C, Díaz-Rodríguez L, Cuesta-Vargas AI, Fernández-de-las-Peñas C, Piper BF, et al. The Piper Fatigue Scale-Revised: translation and psychometric evaluation in Spanish-speaking breast cancer survivors. Quality of Life Research 2014;23(1):271-6. [PUBMED: 23695719]
102. Cella D, Peterman A, Passik S, Jacobsen P, Breitbart W. Progress towards guidelines for the management of fatigue. Oncology (Williston Park) 1998;12(11A):369-77. [PUBMED: 10028520 ]
103. Cella D, Davis K, Breitbart W, Curt G. Cancer-related fatigue: prevalence of proposed diagnostic criteria in a United States sample of cancer survivors. Journal of Clinical Oncology 2001;19(14):3385-91. [PUBMED: 11454886]
104. Cella D, Eton DT, Lai J, Peterman SA, Merkel DE. Combining anchor and distribution-based methods to derive minimal clinically important differences on the Functional Assessment of Cancer Therapy (FACT) anemia and fatigue scales. Journal of Pain and Symptom Management 2002;24:547-61. [PUBMED: 12551804]
105. Cramp F, Byron-Daniel J. Exercise for the management of cancer-related fatigue in adults. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews 2012, Issue 11. [DOI: ; PUBMED: 23152233]
106. Cuhls H, Mücke M, Mochamat M, Radbruch L. Underestimated symptom: frequent and burdensome than pain [Unterschätztes Symptom: Häufiger und belastender als Schmerzen]. Im Focus Onkologie 2014;17(9):60-7. [DOI: ]
107. Darko DF, Mitler MM, Henriksen SJ. Lentiviral infection, immune response peptides and sleep. Advances in Neuroimmunology 1995;5:57-77. [PUBMED: 7795894]
108. Dittner AJ, Wessely SC, Brown RG. The assessment of fatigue: a practical guide for clinicians and researchers. Journal of Psychosomatic Research 2004;56(2):157-70. [PUBMED: 15016573]
109. Radbruch L, Strasser F, Elsner F, Gonçalves JF, Løge J, Kaasa S, et al. Research Steering Committee of the European Association for Palliative Care (EAPC). Fatigue in palliative care patients -- an EAPC approach. Palliative Medicine 2008;22:13-32. [DOI: ; PUBMED: 18216074]
110. Elkington H, White P, Addington-Hall J, Higgs R, Edmonds P. The healthcare needs of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease patients in the last year of life. Palliative Medicine 2005;19(6):485-91. [PUBMED: 16218161]
111. Eriksen J, Jensen MK, Sjogren P, Ekholm O, Rasmussen NK. Epidemiology of chronic non-malignant pain in Denmark. Pain 2003;106(3):221-8. [PUBMED: 14659505]
112. Evans WJ, Lambert CP. Physiological basis of fatigue. American Journal of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation 2007;86:S29-46. [PUBMED: 17370370]
113. Farrar JT, Berlin JA, Strom BL. Clinically important changes in acute pain outcome measures: a validation study. Journal of Pain and Symptom Management 2003;25(5):406-11. [PUBMED: 12727037]
114. U.S. Food, Drug Administration. Information for Healthcare Professionals: Pemoline Tablets and Chewable Tablets (marketed as Cylert). http://www.fda.gov/Drugs/DrugSafety/PostmarketDrugSafetyInformationforPatientsandProviders/ucm126461.htm 2005 (accessed 3 September 2014).
115. Galvao DA, Newton RU. Review of exercise intervention studies in cancer patients. Journal of Clinical Oncology 2005;23(4):899-909. [PUBMED: 15681536]
116. Glaspy JA. Erythropoietin in cancer patients. Annual Review of Medicine 2009;60:181-92. [DOI: ; PUBMED: 18980468]
117. Glaspy J, Crawford J, Vansteenkiste J, Henry D, Rao S, Bowers P, et al. Erythropoiesis-stimulating agents in oncology: a study-level meta-analysis of survival and other safety outcomes. British Journal of Cancer 2010;102:301-15. [DOI: ; PUBMED: 20051958]
118. Goodlin SJ. Palliative care for end-stage heart failure. Current Heart Failure Reports 2005;2(3):155-60. [PUBMED: 16138952]
119. Higgins JPT, Altman DG, Sterne JAC (editors). Chapter 8: Assessing risk of bias in included studies. In: Higgins JPT, Green S (editors). Cochrane Handbook for Systematic Reviews of Interventions Version 5.1.0 [updated March 2011]. The Cochrane Collaboration, 2011. Available from www.cochrane-handbook.org.
120. Jhamb M, Liang K, Yabes J, Steel JL, Dew MA, Shah N, et al. Prevalence and correlates of fatigue in chronic kidney disease and end-stage renal disease: are sleep disorders a key to understanding fatigue?. American Journal of Nephrology 2013;38(6):489-95. [PUBMED: 24335380]
121. Krupp LB. Fatigue in multiple sclerosis: definition, pathophysiology and treatment. CNS Drugs 2003;17(4):225-34. [PUBMED: 12665396]
122. Kummer A, Scalzo P, Cardoso F, Teixeira AL. Evaluation of fatigue in Parkinson's disease using the Brazilian version of Parkinson's Fatigue Scale. Acta Neurologica Scandinavica 2011;123(2):130-6. [DOI: ; PUBMED: 20456242]
123. Lawrence DP, Kupelnick B, Miller K, Devine D, Lau J. Evidence report on the occurrence, assessment, and treatment of fatigue in cancer patients. Journal of the National Cancer Institute. Monographs 2004;32:40-50. [PUBMED: 15263040]
124. Minton O, Stone P. A systematic review of the scales used for the measurement of cancer-related fatigue (CRF). Annals of Oncology 2009;20(1):17-25. [PUBMED: 18678767]
125. Minton O, Richardson A, Sharpe M, Hotopf M, Stone P. Drug therapy for the management of cancer-related fatigue. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews 2010, Issue 7. [DOI: ;: 20614448 ]
126. Mock V. Evidence-based treatment for cancer-related fatigue. Journal of the National Cancer Institute. Monographs 2004;32:112-8. [PUBMED: 15263051]
127. Morrow GR, Shelke AR, Roscoe JA, Hickok JT, Mustian K. Management of cancer-related fatigue. Cancer Investigations 2005;23(3):229-39. [PUBMED: 15945509]
128. National Comprehensive Cancer Network. Cancer related fatigue. www.nccn.org/professionals/physician_gls/PDF/fatigue.pdf (accessed 30 October 2014).
129. National Multiple Sclerosis Society. Management of MS-related fatigue. www.nationalmssociety.org/PRC.asp 2002 (accessed 17 November 2005).
130. Norval DA. Symptoms and sites of pain experienced by AIDS patients. South African Medical Journal 2004;94(6):450-4. [PUBMED: 15250459]
131. Patrick DL, Ferketich SL, Frame PS, Harris JJ, Hendricks CB, Levin B, et al. National Institutes of Health state-of-the-science conference statement: symptom management in cancer: pain, depression, and fatigue, July 15-17, 2002. Journal of the National Cancer Institute. Monographs 2004;32:9-16. [PUBMED: 15263035]
132. Pucci E, Branãs P, D'Amico R, Giuliani G, Solari A, Taus C, et al. Amantadine for fatigue in multiple sclerosis. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews 2007, Issue 1. [DOI: ; PUBMED: 17253480]
133. Radbruch L, Strasser F, Elsner F, Goncalves JF, Loge J, Kaasa S, et al. Fatigue in palliative care patients -- an EAPC approach. Palliative Medicine 2008;22(1):13-32. [PUBMED: 18216074]
134. Rao A, Cohen HJ. Symptom management in the elderly cancer patient: fatigue, pain, and depression. Journal of the National Cancer Institute. Monographs 2004;32:150-7. [PUBMED: 15263059]
135. The Nordic Cochrane Centre, The Cochrane Collaboration. Review Manager. 5.3. Copenhagen: The Nordic Cochrane Centre, The Cochrane Collaboration, 2014.
136. Richardson A, Ream EK. Self-care behaviours initiated by chemotherapy patients in response to fatigue. International Journal of Nursing Studies 1997;34(1):35-43. [PUBMED: 9055119]
137. Rosenberg JH, Shafor R. Fatigue in multiple sclerosis: a rational approach to evaluation and treatment. Current Neurology and Neuroscience Reports 2005;5(2):140-6. [PUBMED: 15743552]
138. Schmitz KH, Holtzman J, Courneya KS, Masse LC, Duval S, Kane R. Controlled physical activity trials in cancer survivors: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Cancer Epidemiology, Biomarkers and Prevention 2005;14(7):1588-95. [PUBMED: 16030088]
139. Sood A, Barton DL, Loprinzi CL. Use of methylphenidate in patients with cancer. American Journal of Hospice and Palliative Medicine 2006;23:35-40. [PUBMED: 16450661]
140. Stone P. The measurement, causes and effective management of cancer-related fatigue. International Journal of Palliative Nursing 2002;8(3):120-8. [PUBMED: 11923740]
141. Stridsman C, Lindberg A, Skär L. Fatigue in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: a qualitative study of people's experiences. Scandinavian Journal of Caring Sciences 2014;28(1):130-8. [DOI: ; PUBMED: 23517049]
142. Tang WR, Yu CY, Yeh SJ. Fatigue and its related factors in patients with chronic heart failure. Journal of Clinical Nursing 2010;19(1-2):69-78. [PUBMED: 20500245]
143. Tejani AM, Wasdell M, Spiwak R, Rowell G, Nathwani S. Carnitine for fatigue in multiple sclerosis. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews 2012, Issue 5. [DOI: ; PUBMED: 22592719]
144. Tonelli M, Hemmelgarn B, Reiman T, Manns B, Reaume MN, Lloyd A, et al. Benefits and harms of erythropoiesis-stimulating agents for anemia related to cancer: a meta-analysis. Canadian Medical Association Journal 2009;180(11):62-71. [DOI: ; PUBMED: 19407261]
145. Trendall J. Assessing fatigue in patients with COPD. Professional Nurse 2001;16(7):1217-20. [PUBMED: 12026780]
146. Wagner LI, Cella D. Fatigue and cancer: causes, prevalence and treatment approaches. British Journal of Cancer 2004;91(5):822-8. [PUBMED: 15238987]
147. Walsh D, Donnelly S, Rybicki L. The symptoms of advanced cancer: relationship to age, gender, and performance status in 1000 patients. Supportive Care in Cancer 2000;8(3):175-9. [PUBMED: 10789956]
148. Zifko UA. Management of fatigue in patients with multiple sclerosis. Drugs 2004;64(12):1295-304. [PUBMED: 15200345]
149. Peuckmann-Post V, Elsner F, Krumm N, Trottenberg P, Radbruch L. Pharmacological treatments for fatigue associated with palliative care. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews 2010, Issue 11. [DOI: ]