Exercise as potential countermeasure for the effects of 70 days of bed rest on cognitive and sensorimotor performance

Frontiers in Systems Neuroscience

Volumn 9, Issue september, 2015, Pages

  Koppelmans, Vincent ^a   Mulavara, Ajitkumar P ^b,c   Yuan, Peng ^a   Cassady, Kaitlin E ^a   Cooke, Katherine A ^a   Wood, Scott J ^b,d   Reuter Lorenz, Patricia A ^a   De Dios, Yiri E ^e   Stepanyan, Vahagn ^e   Szecsy, Darcy L ^f   Gadd, Nichole E ^e   Kofman, Igor ^e   Scott, Jessica M ^c   Downs, Meghan E ^g   Bloomberg, Jacob J ^b   Ploutz Snyder, Lori ^b,c   Seidler, Rachael D ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF MICHIGAN   (United States)

^b NASA JOHNSON SPACE CENTER   (United States)

^c UNIVERSITIES SPACE RESEARCH ASSOCIATION   (United States)

^d AZUSA PACIFIC UNIVERSITY   (United States)

^e Wyle Integrated Science and Engineering   (United States)

^f Bastion Technologies   (United States)

^g UNIVERSITY OF HOUSTON   (United States)

Author keywords

Bed rest; Cognition; Exercise; Longitudinal; Microgravity; Sensorimotor functioning; Spaceflight analog

Indexed keywords

ADULT; AEROBIC EXERCISE; ARTICLE; BED REST; COGNITION; CONTROLLED STUDY; DIGIT SYMBOL SUBSTITUTION TEST; EXERCISE; HEAD DOWN TILT BED REST; HUMAN; MALE; MODEL; NORMAL HUMAN; PURDUE PEGBOARD TEST; RANDOMIZED CONTROLLED TRIAL; RESISTANCE TRAINING; ROD WALKING TEST; SENSORIMOTOR FUNCTION; SPACE FLIGHT; THURSTONE SCALE; TREADMILL ERGOMETRY;

EID: 84941113330     PISSN: 16625137     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.3389/fnsys.2015.00121     Document Type: Article

References (54)

1. Bartels, C., Wegrzyn, M., Wiedl, A., Ackermann, V., and Ehrenreich, H. (2010). Practice effects in healthy adults:a longitudinal study on frequent repetitive cognitive testing. BMC Neurosci. 11:118. doi:10.1186/1471-2202­11-118.
2. Bherer, L., Erickson, K. I., and Liu-Ambrose, T. (2013). A review of the effects of physical activity and exercise on cognitive and brain functions in older adults. J. AgingRes. 2013:657508. doi:10.1155/2013/657508.
3. Bloomberg, J. J., and Mulavara, A. P. (2003). Changes in walking strategies after spaceflight. IEEE Eng. Med. Biol. Mag. 22, 58-62. doi:10.1109/memb.2003.1195697.
4. Brady, R. A., Peters, B. T., Batson, C. D., Ploutz-Snyder, R., Mulavara, A. P., and Bloomberg, J. J. (2012). Gait adaptability training is affected by visual dependency. Exp. Brain Res. 220, 1-9. doi:10.1007/s00221-012-3109-5.
5. Calamia, M., Markon, K., and Tranel, D. (2012). Scoring higher the second time around:meta-analyses of practice effects in neuropsychological assessment. Clin. Neuropsychol. 26, 543-570. doi:10.1080/13854046.2012.680913.
6. Caprihan, A., Sanders, J. A., Cheng, H. A., and Loeppky, J. A. (1999). Effect of head-down tilt on brain water distribution. Eur. J. Appl. Physiol. Occup. Physiol. 79, 367-373. doi:10.1007/s004210050522.
7. Chein, J. M., and Schneider, W. (2005). Neuroimaging studies of practice- related change:fMRI and meta-analytic evidence of a domain-general control network for learning. Brain Res. Cogn. Brain Res. 25, 607-623. doi:10.1016/j.cogbrainres.2005.08.013.
8. Cohen, H. S., Kimball, K. T., Mulavara, A. P., Bloomberg, J. J., and Paloski, W. H. (2012). Posturography and locomotor tests of dynamic balance after long-duration spaceflight. J. Vestib. Res. 22, 191-196. doi:10.3233/VES-2012-0456.
9. Convertino, V. A., Bloomfield, S. A., and Greenleaf, J. E. (1997). An overview of the issues:physiological effects of bed rest and restricted physical activity. Med. Sci. Sports Exerc. 29, 187-190. doi:10.1097/00005768-19970200000004
10. de Boer, M. R., Waterlander, W. E., Kuijper, L., Steenhuis, I., and Twisk, J. (2015). Testing for baseline differences in randomized controlled trials:an unhealthy research behavior that is hard to eradicate. Int. J. Behav. Nutr. Phys. Act. 12:4. doi:10.1186/s12966-015-0162-z
11. DeRoshia, C. W., and Greenleaf, J. E. (1993). Performance and mood-state parameters during 30-day 6 degrees head-down bed rest with exercise training. Aviat. Space Environ. Med. 64, 522-527.
12. Dilani Mendis, M., Hides, J. A., Wilson, S. J., Grimaldi, A., Belavy, D. L., Stanton, W., et al. (2009). Effect of prolonged bed rest on the anterior hip muscles. Gait Posture 30, 533-537. doi:10.1016/j.gaitpost.2009.08.002.
13. Dupui, P., Montoya, R., Costes-Salon, M. C., Séverac, A., and Güell, A. (1992). Balance and gait analysis after 30 days -6 degrees bed rest:influence of lower- bodynegative-pressure sessions. Aviat. SpaceEnviron. Med. 63, 1004-1010.
14. Ekstrome, R., French, J., and Harman,H. (1976). Manual fork it of factor referenced cognitive tests. Princeton, New Jersey: Educational Testing Service.
15. Gill, T. M., Allore, H., and Guo, Z. (2004). The deleterious effects ofbed rest among community-living older persons. J. Gerontol. A Biol. Sci. Med. Sci. 59, 755-761. doi:10.1093/gerona/59.7.m755.
16. Holstein, G. R., Kukielka, E., and Martinelli, G. P. (1999). Anatomical observations of the rat cerebellar nodulus after 24 hr of spaceflight. J. Gravit. Physiol. 6, P47-P50.
17. Hutchison, A. (2001). NASA Ames Seeks Volunteers for Month-Long Bed Rest Study. Available online at: http://www.nasa.gov/centers/ames/news/releases/2001/01_76.AR.html. (accessed January 1, 2015).
18. Isableu, B., Gueguen, M., Fourré, B., Giraudet, G., and Amorim, M. A. (2008). Assessment ofvisual field dependence:comparison between the mechanical 3. D rod-and-frame test developed by Oltman in 1968 with a 2. D computer-based version. J. Vestib. Res. 18, 239-247.
19. Isableu, B., Ohlmann, T., Crémieux, J., and Amblard, B. (1998). How dynamic visual field dependence-independence interacts with the visual contribution to postural control. Hum. Mov. Sci. 17, 367-391. doi:10.1016/s0167-9457(98)00005-0.
20. Koppelmans, V., Erdeniz, B., De Dios, Y. E., Wood, S. J., Reuter-Lorenz, P. A., Kofman, I., et al. (2013). Study protocol to examine the effects of spaceflight and a spaceflight analog on neurocognitive performance:extent, longevity and neuralbases. BMCNeurol. 13:205.doi:10.1186/1471-2377-13-205.
21. Lezak, M. D., Howieson, D. B., and Loring, D. W. (2004). Neuropsychological Assessment. New York:Oxford University Press.
22. Liao, Y., Miao, D., Huan, Y., Yin, H., Xi, Y., and Liu, X. (2014). Altered regional homogeneity with short-term simulated microgravity and its relationship with changed performance in mental transformation. PLoS One 8:e64931. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0064931.
23. Liao, Y., Zhang, J., Huang, Z., Xi, Y., Zhang, Q., Zhu, T., et al. (2012). Altered baseline brain activity with 72 h of simulated microgravity-initial evidence from resting-state fMRI. PLoS One 7:e52558. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0052558.
24. Lipnicki, D. M., and Gunga, H. C. (2009). Physical inactivity and cognitive functioning:results from bed rest studies. Eur. J. Appl. Physiol. 105, 27-35. doi:10.1007/s00421-008-0869-5.
25. Lipnicki, D. M., Gunga, H. C., Belavy, D. L., and Felsenberg, D. (2009a). Bed rest and cognition:effects on executive functioning and reaction time. Aviat. Space Environ. Med. 80, 1018-1024. doi:10.3357/asem.2581.2009.
26. Lipnicki, D. M., Gunga, H. C., Belavy, D. L., and Felsenberg, D. (2009b). Decision making after 50 days of simulated weightlessness. Brain Res. 1280, 84-89. doi:10.1016/j.brainres.2009.05.022.
27. Liu, Q., Zhou, R., Chen, S., and Tan, C. (2012). Effects of head-down bed rest on the executive functions and emotional response. PLoS One 7:e52160. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0052160.
28. McGinnis, P. M. (2013). Biomechanics of Sport and Exercise. Champaign, IL:Human Kinetics Publishers.
29. Moher, D., Hopewell, S., Schulz, K. F., Montori, V., Gotzsche, P. C., Devereaux, P. J., et al. (2010). CONSORT 2010 explanation and elaboration:updated guidelines for reporting parallel group randomised trials. J. Clin. Epidemiol. 63, e1-e37. doi:10.1016/j.jclinepi.2010.03.004.
30. Muir, J., Judex, S., Qin, Y. X., and Rubin, C. (2011). Postural instability caused by extended bed rest is alleviated by brief daily exposure to low magnitude mechanical signals. Gait Posture 33, 429-435. doi:10.1016/j.gaitpost.2010.12.019.
31. Mulavara, A. P., Feiveson, A. H., Fiedler, J., Cohen, H., Peters, B. T., Miller, C., et al. (2010). Locomotor function after long-duration space flight:effects and motor learning during recovery. Exp. Brain Res. 202, 649-659. doi:10.1007/s00221-010-2171-0.
32. Mulder, E., Linnarsson, D., Paloski, W. H., Rittweger, J., Wuyts, F. L., Zange, J., et al. (2014). Effects of five days of bed rest with and without exercise countermeasure on postural stability and gait. J. Musculoskelet Neuronal Interact. 14, 359-366.
33. Neurocom. (2012). Sensory Organization Test (SOT). Available online at: http://resourcesonbalance.com/neurocom/protocols/sensoryimpairment/SOT.aspx.
34. Parihar, V. K., Allen, B., Tran, K. K., Macaraeg, T. G., Chu, E. M., Kwok, S. F., et al. (2015). What happens to your brain on the way to Mars. Cogn. Neurosci. 4:e1400256. doi:10.1126/sciadv.1400256.
35. Pavy-Le Traon, A., Rous De Feneyrols, A., Cornac, A., Abdeseelam, R., N’uygen, D., Lazerges, M., et al. (1994). Psychomotor performance during a 28 day head- down tilt with and without lower body negative pressure. Acta Astronaut. 32, 319-330. doi:10.1016/0094-5765(94)90083-3.
36. Ploutz-Snyder, L. L., Downs, M., Ryder, J., Hackney, K., Scott, J., Buxton, R., et al. (2014). Integrated resistance and aerobic exercise protects fitness during bed rest. Med. Sci. Sports Exerc. 46, 358-368. doi:10.1249/mss.0b013e3182a62f85.
37. Qin, Y., Sohn, M. H., Anderson, J. R., Stenger, V. A., Fissell, K., Goode, A., et al. (2003). Predicting the practice effects on the blood oxygenation level- dependent (BOLD) function of fMRI in a symbolic manipulation task. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 100,4951-4956. doi:10.1073/pnas.0431053100.
38. Rao, L. L., Zhou, Y., Liang, Z. Y., Rao, H., Zheng, R., Sun, Y., et al. (2014). Decreasing ventromedial prefrontal cortex deactivation in risky decision making after simulated microgravity:effects of -6 degrees head-down tilt bed rest. Front. Behav. Neurosci. 8:187. doi:10.3389/fnbeh.2014.00187.
39. Reschke, M. F., Bloomberg, J. J., Paloski, W. H., Mulavara, A. P., Feiveson, A. H., and Harm, D. L. (2009). Postural reflexes, balance control and functional mobility with long-duration head-down bed rest. Aviat. Space Environ. Med. 80, A45-A54. doi:10.3357/asem.br06.2009.
40. Roberts, D. R., Ramsey, D., Johnson, K., Kola, J., Ricci, R., Hicks, C., et al. (2010). Cerebral cortex plasticity after 90 days ofbed rest:data from TMS and fMRI. Aviat. Space Environ. Med. 81, 30-40. doi:10.3357/asem.2532.2009.
41. Ryback, R. S., Trimble, R. W., Lewis, O. F., and Jennings, C. L. (1971). Psychobiologic effects of prolonged weightlessness (bed rest) in young healthy volunteers. Aerosp. Med. 42, 408-415.
42. Seaton, K. A., Slack, K. J., Sipes, W., and Bowie, K. (2007). Artificial gravity as a multi-system countermeasure:effects on cognitive function. J. Gravit Physiol. 14, P27-P30.
43. Seaton, K. A., Slack, K. J., Sipes, W. A., and Bowie, K. E. (2009). Cognitive functioning in long-duration head-down bed rest. Aviat. Space Environ. Med.79, A62-A65. doi:10.3357/asem.br09.2009.
44. Shepard, S., and Metzler, D. (1988). Mental rotation:effects of dimensionality of objects and type of task. J. Exp. Psychol. Hum. Percept. Perform. 14, 3-11. doi:10.1037/0096-1523.14.1.3.
45. Stern, Y. (2009). Cognitive reserve. Neuropsychologia 47, 2015-2028. doi:10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2009.03.004.
46. Strangman, G. E., Sipes, W., and Beven, G. (2014). Human cognitive performance in spaceflight and analogue environments. Aviat. Space Environ. Med. 85, 1033-1048. doi:10.3357/ASEM.3961.2014.
47. Tiffin, J., and Asher, E. J. (1948). The purdue pegboard; norms and studies of reliability and validity. J. Appl. Psychol. 32,234-247. doi:10.1037/h0061266.
48. Van Dongen, S., Molenberghs, G., and Matthysen, E. (1999). The statistical analysis of fluctuating assymetry:REML estimation of a mixed regression model. J. Evol. Biol. 12, 94-102. doi:10.1046/j.1420-9101.1999.00012.x
49. Welch, R. B., Bridgeman, B., Anand, S., and Browman, K. E. (1993). Alternating prism exposure causes dual adaptation and generalization to a novel displacement. Percept. Psychophys. 54, 195-204. doi:10.3758/bf03211756.
50. Wood, S. J., Reschke, M. F., and Owen Black, F. (2012). Continuous equilibrium scores:factoring in the time before a fall. Gait Posture 36, 487-489. doi:10.1016/j.gaitpost.2012.04.014.
51. Young, L. R., Oman, C. M., Watt, D. G., Money, K. E., and Lichtenberg, B. K. (1984). Spatialorientation in weightlessness and readaptation to earth’s gravity. Science 225, 205-208. doi:10.1126/science.6610215.
52. Young, L. R., Oman, C. M., Watt, D. G., Money, K. E., Lichtenberg, B. K., Kenyon, R. V., et al. (1986). M.I.T./Canadian vestibular experiments on the Spacelab-1 mission:1.
53. Sensory adaptation to weightlessness and readaptation to one-g:an overview. Exp. Brain Res. 64, 291-298. doi:10.1007/bf00 237746.
54. Zhou, Y., Wang, Y., Rao, L.-L., Liang, Z.-Y., Chen, X.-P., Zheng, D., et al. (2014). Disrupted resting-state functional architecture ofthe brain after 45-day simulated microgravity. Front. Behav. Neurosci. 8:200. doi:10.3389/fnbeh.2014.00200