Higher intake of PUFAs is associated with lower total and visceral adiposity and higher lean mass in a racially diverse sample of children

Journal of Nutrition

Volumn 145, Issue 9, 2015, Pages 2146-2152

  Cardel, Michelle ^a,d   Lemas, Dominick J ^b   Jackson, Kristina Harris ^a   Friedman, Jacob E ^b   Fernández, José R ^c  

^a UNIVERSITY OF COLORADO SCHOOL OF MEDICINE   (United States)

^b Nutrition Obesity Research Center at the University of Colorado   (United States)

^c UNIVERSITY OF ALABAMA AT BIRMINGHAM   (United States)

^d UNIVERSITY OF FLORIDA   (United States)

Author keywords

African American; Body composition; Fat mass; Hispanic; N 3 PUFA; N 6 PUFA; Non Hispanic white; Obesity; Saturated fatty acid

Indexed keywords

ARACHIDONIC ACID; CARBOHYDRATE; LIGANDIN; LINOLEIC ACID; LINOLENIC ACID; OMEGA 3 FATTY ACID; OMEGA 6 FATTY ACID; POLYUNSATURATED FATTY ACID; SATURATED FATTY ACID; FAT INTAKE; FATTY ACID;

ABDOMINAL SUBCUTANEOUS FAT; AFRICAN AMERICAN; ARTICLE; BODY COMPOSITION; BODY FAT; CALORIC INTAKE; CARBOHYDRATE INTAKE; CHILD; CHILDHOOD OBESITY; COMPUTER ASSISTED TOMOGRAPHY; CORRELATIONAL STUDY; DIETARY INTAKE; DUAL ENERGY X RAY ABSORPTIOMETRY; ENERGY EXPENDITURE; ENVIRONMENTAL FACTOR; EUROPEAN AMERICAN; FAT INTAKE; FAT MASS; FEMALE; HEREDITY; HISPANIC; HUMAN; INTRAABDOMINAL FAT; LEAN BODY WEIGHT; MAJOR CLINICAL STUDY; MALE; PHYSICAL ACTIVITY; PROTEIN INTAKE; PUBERTY; RACE; SELF REPORT; SOCIAL STATUS; ADMINISTRATION AND DOSAGE; BODY MASS; CAUCASIAN; CROSS-SECTIONAL STUDY; OBESITY; PHOTON ABSORPTIOMETRY; RECALL; STATISTICAL MODEL;

ABSORPTIOMETRY, PHOTON; ADIPOSITY; AFRICAN AMERICANS; BODY COMPOSITION; BODY MASS INDEX; CHILD; CROSS-SECTIONAL STUDIES; DIETARY FATS; EUROPEAN CONTINENTAL ANCESTRY GROUP; FATTY ACIDS; FATTY ACIDS, OMEGA-3; FATTY ACIDS, OMEGA-6; FEMALE; HISPANIC AMERICANS; HUMANS; INTRA-ABDOMINAL FAT; LINEAR MODELS; MALE; MENTAL RECALL;

EID: 84941112272     PISSN: 00223166     EISSN: 15416100     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.3945/jn.115.212365     Document Type: Article

References (58)

1. Ogden CL, Carroll MD, Kit BK, Flegal KM. prevalence of obesity and trends in body mass index among US children and adolescents, 1999-2010 JAMA 2012;307:483-90.
2. Kuczmarski RJ, Ogden CL, Guo SS, Grummer-Strawn LM, Flegal KM, Mei Z, Wei R, Curtin LR, Roche AF, Johnson CL. 2000 CDC Growth Charts for the United States: methods and development. Vital Health Stat 11 2002;246:1-190.
3. Serdula MK, Ivery D, Coates RJ, Freedman DS, Williamson DF, Byers T. Do obese children become obese adults? A review of the literature. Prev Med 1993;22:167-77.
4. Pinhas-Hamiel O, Dolan LM, Daniels SR, Standiford D, Khoury PR, Zeitler P. Increased incidence of non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus among adolescents. J Pediatr 1996;128:608-15.
5. Weiss R, Dziura J, Burgert TS, Tamborlane WV, Taksali SE, Yeckel CW, Allen K, Lopes M, Savoye M, Morrison J, et al. Obesity and the metabolic syndrome in children and adolescents. N Engl J Med 2004;350:2362-74.
6. Freedman DS, Dietz WH, Srinivasan SR, Berenson GS. The relation of overweight to cardiovascular risk factors among children and adolescents: the Bogalusa Heart Study. Pediatrics 1999;103:1175-82.
7. Martin-Calvo N, Ochoa MC, Marti A, Martinez-González MÁ. Asociacion entre los macronutrientes de la dieta y la obesidad en la infancia y adolescencia: un estudio de casos y controles. [The association between dietary macronutrients intake and obesity among children and adolescents; a case-control study.] Nutr Hosp 2013;28:1515-22 (in Spanish).
8. Gazzaniga JM, Burns TL. Relationship between diet composition and body fatness, with adjustment for resting energy expenditure and physical activity, in preadolescent children. Am J Clin Nutr 1993;58:21-8.
9. Damsgaard CT, Stark KD, Hjorth MF, Biltoft-Jensen A, Astrup A, Michaelsen KF, Lauritzen L. n-3 PUFA status in school children is associated with beneficial lipid profile, reduced physical activity and increased blood pressure in boys. Br J Nutr 2013;110:1304-12.
10. Maće K, Shahkhalili Y, Aprikian O, Stan S. Dietary fat and fat types as early determinants of childhood obesity: a reappraisal. Int J Obes (Lond) 2006;30 Suppl 4:S50-7.
11. Ailhaud G, Guesnet P. Fatty acid composition of fats is an early determinant of childhood obesity: a short review and an opinion. Obes Rev 2004;5:21-6.
12. Saito E, Okada T, Abe Y, Kuromori Y, Miyashita M, Iwata F, Hara M, Ayusawa M, Mugishima H, Kitamura Y. Docosahexaenoic acid content in plasma phospholipids and desaturase indices in obese children. J Atheroscler Thromb 2011;18:345-50.
13. Burrows T, Collins CE, Garg ML. Omega-3 index, obesity and insulin resistance in children. Int J Pediatr Obes 2011;6:e532-9.
14. Karlsson M, Mårild S, Brandberg J, Lönn L, Friberg P, Strandvik B. Serum phospholipid fatty acids, adipose tissue, and metabolic markers in obese adolescents. Obesity (Silver Spring) 2006;14:1931-9.
15. Klein-Platat C, Drai J, OujaaM, Schlienger J-L, Simon C. Plasma fatty acid composition is associated with the metabolic syndrome and low-grade inflammation in overweight adolescents. Am J Clin Nutr 2005;82:1178-84.
16. Rosqvist F, Iggman D, Kullberg J, Jonathan Cedernaes J, Johansson H-E, Larsson A, Johansson L, Ahlström H, Arner P, Dahlman I, et al. Overfeeding polyunsaturated and saturated fat causes distinct effects on liver and visceral fat accumulation in humans. Diabetes 2014;63: 3356-68.
17. Ruzickova J, Rossmeisl M, Prazak T, Flachs P, Sponarova J, Vecka M, Tvrzicka E, Bryhn M, Kopecky J. Omega-3 PUFA of marine origin limit diet-induced obesity in mice by reducing cellularity of adipose tissue. Lipids 2004;39:1177-85.
18. Okuno M, Kajiwara K, Imai S, Kobayashi T, Honma N, Maki T, Suruga K, Goda T, Takase S, Muto Y, et al. Perilla oil prevents the excessive growth of visceral adipose tissue in rats by down-regulating adipocyte differentiation. J Nutr 1997;127:1752-7.
19. Hill JO, Peters JC, Lin D, Yakubu F, Greene H, Swift L. Lipid accumulation and body fat distribution is influenced by type of dietary fat fed to rats. Int J Obes Relat Metab Disord 1993;17: 223-36.
20. Micallef M, Munro I, Phang M, Garg M. Plasma n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids are negatively associated with obesity. Br J Nutr 2009; 102:1370-4.
21. Cardel M, Higgins PB, Willig AL, Keita AD, Casazza K, Gower BA, Fernandez JR. African genetic admixture is associated with body composition and fat distribution in a cross-sectional study of children. Int J Obes (Lond) 2011;35:60-5.
22. Fernández JR, Shriver MD. Using genetic admixture to study the biology of obesity traits and to map genes in admixed populations. Nutr Rev 2004;62:S69-74.
23. Marshall WA, Tanner JM. Variations in pattern of pubertal changes in girls. Arch Dis Child 1969;44:291-303.
24. Marshall WA, Tanner JM. Variations in the pattern of pubertal changes in boys. Arch Dis Child 1970;45:13-23.
25. Elberg J, McDuffie JR, Sebring NG, Salaita C, Keil M, Robotham D, Reynolds JC, Yanovski JA. Comparison of methods to assess change in children's body composition. Am J Clin Nutr 2004;80:64-9.
26. Fox K, Peters D, Armstrong N, Sharpe P, Bell M. Abdominal fat deposition in 11-year-old children. Int J Obes Relat Metab Disord 1993;17:11-6.
27. Johnson RK, Driscoll P, Goran MI. Comparison of multiple-pass 24-hour recall estimates of energy intake with total energy expenditure determined by the doubly labeled water method in young children. J Am Diet Assoc 1996;96:1140-4.
28. Lemas DJ, Wiener HW, O'Brien DM, Hopkins S, Stanhope KL, Havel PJ, Allison DB, Fernandez JR, Tiwari HK, Boyer BB. Genetic polymorphisms in carnitine palmitoyltransferase 1A gene are associated with variation in body composition and fasting lipid traits in Yup'ik Eskimos. J Lipid Res 2012;53:175-84.
29. Vernarelli JA, Mitchell DC, Hartman TJ, Rolls BJ. Dietary energy density is associated with body weight status and vegetable intake in U.S. children. J Nutr 2011;141:2204-10.
30. Cardel M, Willig AL, Dulin-Keita A, Casazza K, Cherrington A, Gunnarsdottir T, Johnson SL, Peters JC, Hill JO, Allison DB, et al. Home-schooled children are thinner, leaner, and report better diets relative to traditionally schooled children. Obesity (Silver Spring) 2014; 22:497-503.
31. Schoeller DA, Thomas D, Archer E, Heymsfield SB, Blair SN, Goran MI, Hill JO, Atkinson RL, Corkey BE, Foreyt J, et al. Self-report-based estimates of energy intake offer an inadequate basis for scientific conclusions. Am J Clin Nutr 2013;97:1413-5.
32. Ruiz JR, Rizzo NS, Hurtig-Wennlof A, Ortega FB, Warnberg J, Sjostrom M. Relations of total physical activity and intensity to fitness and fatness in children: the European Youth Heart Study. Am J Clin Nutr 2006; 84:299-303.
33. Willig AL, Hunter GR, Casazza K, Heimburger DC, Beasley TM, Fernandez JR. Body fat and racial genetic admixture are associated with aerobic fitness levels in a multiethnic pediatric population. Obesity (Silver Spring) 2011;19:2222-7.
34. Horlick M, Thornton J, Wang J, Levine LS, Fedun B, Pierson RN Jr. Bone mineral in prepubertal children: gender and ethnicity. J Bone Miner Res 2000;15:1393-7.
35. Marugán de Miguelsanz JM, Redondo del Río MP, Alonso-Franch M, Calvo Romero C. Torres Hinojal MdC. Increased resting energy expenditure by fat-free mass in children and teenagers with constitutional leanness. Nutr Hosp 2011;26:589-93.
36. Cardel M, Willig AL, Dulin-Keita A, Casazza K, Mark Beasley T, Fernandez JR. Parental feeding practices and socioeconomic status are associated with child adiposity in a multi-ethnic sample of children. Appetite 2012;58:347-53.
37. Hollingshead A. Four factor index of social status. New Haven (CT): Yale University Press; 1975.
38. Goulding A, Taylor RW, Gold E, Lewis-Barned NJ. Regional body fat distribution in relation to pubertal stage: a dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry study of New Zealand girls and young women. Am J Clin Nutr 1996;64:546-51.
39. Demerath EW, Schubert CM, Maynard LM, Sun SS, Chumlea WC, Pickoff A, Czerwinski SA, Towne B, Siervogel RM. Do changes in body mass index percentile reflect changes in body composition in children? Data From the Fels Longitudinal Study. Pediatrics 2006;117:e487-95.
40. Wells JC, Cole TJ. Adjustment of fat-free mass and fat mass for height in children aged 8 y. Int J Obes Relat Metab Disord 2002;26:947-52.
41. Wells JCK, Cole TJ. Adjustment of fat-free mass and fat mass for height in children aged 8 y. Int J Obes Relat Metab Disord 2002;26:947.
42. Wells JCK, Cole TJ. Disentangling the size and adiposity components of obesity. Int J Obes (Lond) 2011;35:548-9.
43. Institute of Medicine. Dietary Reference Intakes: the essential guide to nutrient requirements.Washington (DC): National Academies Press; 2006.
44. Smith GI, Atherton P, Reeds DN, Mohammed BS, Rankin D, Rennie MJ, Mittendorfer B. Omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids augment the muscle protein anabolic response to hyperaminoacidemia-hyperinsulinemia in healthy young and middle aged men and women. Clin Sci (Lond) 2011;121:267-78.
45. Smith GI, Atherton P, Reeds DN, Mohammed BS, Rankin D, Rennie MJ, Mittendorfer B. Dietary omega-3 fatty acid supplementation increases the rate of muscle protein synthesis in older adults: a randomized controlled trial. Am J Clin Nutr 2011;93:402-12.
46. Moleres A, Ochoa MC, Rendo-Urteaga T, Martínez-González MA, Azcona San Julían MC, Martinez JA, Marti A. Dietary fatty acid distribution modifies obesity risk linked to the rs9939609 polymorphism of the fat mass and obesity-associated gene in a Spanish casecontrol study of children. Br J Nutr 2012;107:533-8.
47. Chan JM, Rimm EB, Colditz GA, Stampfer MJ, Willett WC. Obesity, fat distribution, and weight gain as risk factors for clinical diabetes in men. Diabetes Care 1994;17:961-9.
48. Larsson B, Svärdsudd K, Welin L, Wilhelmsen L, Björntorp P, Tibblin G. Abdominal adipose tissue distribution, obesity, and risk of cardiovascular disease and death: 13 year follow up of participants in the study of men born in 1913. Br Med J (Clin Res Ed) 1984;288(6428):1401-4.
49. Sanz M, Lopez-Bote CJ, Menoyo D, Bautista JM. Abdominal fat deposition and fatty acid synthesis are lower and b-oxidation is higher in broiler chickens fed diets containing unsaturated rather than saturated fat. J Nutr 2000;130:3034-7.
50. Summers LKM, Fielding BA, Bradshaw HA, Ilic V, Beysen C, Clark ML, Moore NR, Frayn KN. Substituting dietary saturated fat with polyunsaturated fat changes abdominal fat distribution and improves insulin sensitivity. Diabetologia 2002;45:369-77.
51. Krishnan S, Cooper J. Effect of dietary fatty acid composition on substrate utilization and body weight maintenance in humans. Eur J Nutr 2014;53:691-710.
52. Lombardo YB, Chicco AG. Effects of dietary polyunsaturated n-3 fatty acids on dyslipidemia and insulin resistance in rodents and humans: a review. J Nutr Biochem 2006;17:1-13.
53. Luquet S, Lopez-Soriano J, Holst D, Gaudel C, Jehl-Pietri C, Fredenrich A, Grimaldi PA. Roles of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor delta (PPARd) in the control of fatty acid catabolism: a new target for the treatment of metabolic syndrome. Biochimie 2004;86:833-7.
54. Harris WS, von Schacky C. The Omega-3 Index: a new risk factor for death from coronary heart disease? Prev Med 2004;39:212-20.
55. Ailhaud G, Massiera F, Weill P, Legrand P, Alessandri J-M, Guesnet P. Temporal changes in dietary fats: role of n26 polyunsaturated fatty acids in excessive adipose tissue development and relationship to obesity. Prog Lipid Res 2006;45:203-36.
56. Hodson L, Skeaff CM, Fielding BA. Fatty acid composition of adipose tissue and blood in humans and its use as a biomarker of dietary intake. Prog Lipid Res 2008;47:348-80.
57. Browning LM, Walker CG, Mander AP, West AL, Madden J, Gambell JM, Young S, Wang L, Jebb SA, Calder PC. Incorporation of eicosapentaenoic and docosahexaenoic acids into lipid pools when given as supplements providing doses equivalent to typical intakes of oily fish. Am J Clin Nutr 2012;96:748-58.
58. Lattka E, Illig T, Heinrich J, Koletzko B. Do FADS genotypes enhance our knowledge about fatty acid related phenotypes? Clin Nutr 2010; 29:277-87.