Using field observations to inform thermal hydrology models of permafrost dynamics with ATS (v0.83)

Geoscientific Model Development

Volumn 8, Issue 9, 2015, Pages 2701-2722

  Atchley, A L ^a   Painter, S L ^b   Harp, D R ^a   Coon, E T ^a   Wilson, C J ^a   Liljedahl, A K ^c,d   Romanovsky, V E ^d  

^a LOS ALAMOS NATIONAL LABORATORY   (United States)

^b OAK RIDGE NATIONAL LABORATORY   (United States)

^c University of Alaska Fairbanks   (United States)

^d UNIVERSITY OF ALASKA FAIRBANKS   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

ACTIVE LAYER; ARCTIC ENVIRONMENT; CALIBRATION; CARBON SINK; CLIMATE CHANGE; FIELD METHOD; NUMERICAL MODEL; PERMAFROST; POLYGON; SEASONAL VARIATION; SNOW COVER; SNOWPACK; SOIL TEMPERATURE; THERMAL CONDUCTIVITY; TUNDRA;

ALASKA; BARROW; UNITED STATES;

EID: 84940827105     PISSN: 1991959X     EISSN: 19919603     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.5194/gmd-8-2701-2015     Document Type: Article

References (90)

1. Anderson, E. A.: A point energy and mass balance model of a snow cover, NOAA Tech. Rep., NWS-19, 1976.
2. Atmospheric Radiation Measurement (ARM) Climate Research Facility:. Surface Meteorological Instrumentation (MET). 2010-01-01 to 2013-12-31, 71.323 N 156.609 W: North Slope Alaska (NSA) Central Facility, Barrow AK (C1), compiled by: Kyrouac, J. and Holdridge, D., Atmospheric Radiation Measurement (ARM) Climate Research Facility Data Archive: Oak Ridge, Tennessee, USA, http://dx.doi.org/10.5439/1025220, updated hourly (last access: 19 May 2014), 1993.
3. Atmospheric Radiation Measurement (ARM) Climate Research Facility: Sky Radiometers on Stand for Downwelling Radiation (SKYRAD60S). 2010-01-01 to 2013-12-31, 71.323 N 156.609 W: North Slope Alaska (NSA) Central Facility, Barrow AK (C1), compiled by: Morris, V., Sengupta, M., Habte, A., Reda, I., Anderberg, M., Dooraghi, M., Gotseff, P., Morris, V., Andreas, A., and Kutchenreiter, M., Atmospheric Radiation Measurement (ARM) Climate Research Facility Data Archive, Oak Ridge, Tennessee, USA, available at: http://dx.doi.org/10.5439/1025281, updated hourly (last access: 19 May 2014), 1996.
4. Benson, C. S. and Sturm, M.: Structure and wind transport of seasonal snow on the Arctic slope of Alaska, Ann. Glaciol., 18, 261-267, 1993.
5. Beringer, J., Lynch, A. H., Chapin III, F. S., Mack, M., and Bonan, G. B.: The representation of Arctic soils in the Land Surface Model: The importance of Mosses, J. Climate, 14, 3324-3335, 2001.
6. Beven, K.: On the concept of model structural error, Water Sci. Technol., 52, 167-175, 2005.
7. Beven, K.: A manifesto for the equifinality thesis, J. Hydrol., 320, 18-36, doi:10.1016/j.jhydrol.2005.07.007, 2006.
8. Clapp, R. B. and Hornberger, G. M.: Empirical equations for some soil hydraulic properties, Water Resour. Res., 14, 601-604, doi:10.1029/WR014i004p00601, 1978.
9. Clark, M. P., Slater, A. G., Rupp, D. E., Woods, R. A., Vrugt, J. A., Gupta, H. V., Wagener, T., and Hay, L.: Framework for Understanding Structural Errors (FUSE): A modular framework to diagnose differences between hydrological models, Water Resour. Res., 44, W00B02, doi:10.1029/2007WR006735, 2008.
10. Cogley, J. G.: The albedo of water as a function of latitude, American Meteorological Society, 107, 775-781, 1979.
11. Coon, E. T., Moulton, J. D., Berndt, M., Manzini, G., Garimella, R., Lipnikov, K., and Painter, S. L.: Coupled surface and subsurface hydrologic flow using mimetic finite differences, Adv. Water Resour., in review, 2015a.
12. Coon, E. T., Moulton, J. D., and Painter, S. L.: Managing Complexity in Simulations of Land Surface and Near-surface Processes, Environ. Model. Softw., in review, 2015b.
13. Curry, J. A., Schramm, J. L., and Ebert, E. E.: Sea ice-albedo climate feedback mechanism, J. Climate, 8, 240-247, 1995.
14. Daanen, R. P., Misra, D., and Epstein, H.: Active-layer hydrology in nonsorted circle ecosystems of the arctic tundra, Vadose Zone Journal, 6, 694-704, 2007.
15. DeVries, D. A.: Thermal properties of soils, in: Physics of plant environment, edited by: van Wijk, W. R., p. 210-235, 1963.
16. Doherty, J.: PEST Model-Independent Parameter Estimation User Manual, Watermark Numerical Computing, Brisbane, Australia, 2004.
17. Dominé, F., Cabanes, A., and Legagneux, L.: Structure, microphysics, and surface area of the Arctic snowpack near Alert during the ALERT 2000 campaign, Atmos. Environ., 36, 2753-2765, 2002.
18. Endrizzi, S., Gruber, S., Dall'Amico, M., and Rigon, R.: GEOtop 2.0: simulating the combined energy and water balance at and below the land surface accounting for soil freezing, snow cover and terrain effects, Geosci. Model Dev., 7, 2831-2857, doi:10.5194/gmd-7-2831-2014, 2014.
19. Farouki, O. T.: The thermal properties of soils in cold regions, Cold Regions Sci. Technol., 5, 67-75, 1981.
20. Fenicia, F., Kavetski, D., and Savenije, H. H.: Elements of a flexible approach for conceptual hydrological modeling: 1. Motivation and theoretical development, Water Resour. Res., 47, W11510, doi:10.1029/2010WR010174, 2011.
21. Fleagle, R. G. and Businger, J. A.: An introduction to atmospheric physics, vol. 25, Academic Press, 1981.
22. Goodrich, L. E.: The influence of snow cover on the ground thermal regime, Canadian Geotechnical J., 19, 421-432, 1982.
23. Grenfell, T. C. and Perovich, D. K.: Seasonal and spatial evolution of albedo in a snow-ice-land-ocean environment, J. Geophys. Res., 109, C01001, doi:10.1029/2003JC001866, 2004.
24. Grimm, R. E. and Painter, S. L.: On the secular evolution of groundwater on Mars, Geophys. Res. Lett., 36, L24803, doi:10.1029/2009GL041018, 2009.
25. Gupta, J. V., Clark, M. P., Vrugt, J. A., Abramowitz, G., and Ye, M.: Towards a comprehensive assessment of model structural adequacy, Water Resour. Res., 48, W08301, doi:10.1029/2011WR011044, 2012.
26. Hansen, S. V.: Surface roughness lengths. ARL Technical Report US Army, White Sands Missile Range, NM 88002-5501, 1993.
27. Hansen, J. and Nazarenko, L.: Soot climate forcing via snow and ice albedos, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 101, 423-428, 2004.
28. Hansson, K., Šimu˚nek, J., Mizoguchi, M., Lundin, L. C., and Van Genuchten, M. T.: Water flow and heat transport in frozen soil, Vadose Zone J., 3, 693-704, 2004.
29. Hinkel, K. M. and Hurd Jr., J. K.: Permafrost destabilization and thermokarst following snow fence installation, Barrow, Alaska, USA, Arctic, Antarctic, and Alpine Res., 38, 530-539, 2006.
30. Hinzman, L. D., Kane, D. L., Gieck, R. E., and Everett, K. R.: Hydrological and thermal properties of the active layer in the Alaskan Arctic, Cold Regions Sci. Technol., 19, 95-110, 1991.
31. Hinzman, L. D., Goering, D. J., and Kane, D. L.: A distributed thermal model for calculating soil temperature profiles and depth of thaw in permafrost regions, J. Geophys. Res., 103, 28975-28991, 1998.
32. Jiang, Y., Zhuang, Q., and O'Donnell, J. A.:. Modeling thermal dynamics of active layer soils and near-surface permafrost using a fully coupled water and heat transport model, J. Geophys. Res., 117, D1110, doi:10.1029/2012JD017512, 2012.
33. Johansen, O.: Thermal conductivity of soils (No. CRREL-TL-637), Cold Regions Research and Engineering Lab Hanover NH, 1977.
34. Karra, S., Painter, S. L., and Lichtner, P. C.: Three-phase numerical model for subsurface hydrology in permafrost-affected regions (PFLOTRAN-ICE v1.0), The Cryosphere, 8, 1935-1950, doi:10.5194/tc-8-1935-2014, 2014.
35. Kavetski, D. and Fenicia, F.: Elements of a flexible approach for conceptual hydrological modeling: 2. Application and experimental insights, Water Resour. Res., 47, W11511, doi:10.1029/2011WR010748, 2011.
36. Kersten, M. S.: Thermal properties of soils. University of Minnesota, Institute of Technology, Engineering Experiment Station, Bulletin, 28, 1-226, 1949.
37. Koven, C. D., Ringeval, B., Friedlingstein, P., Ciais, P., Cadule, P., Khvorostyanov, D., Krinner, G., and Tarnocai, C.: Permafrost carbon-climate feedbacks accelerate global warming, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 108, 14769-14774, doi:10.1073/pnas.1103910108, 2011.
38. Koven, C. K., Riley, W. J., and Stern, A.: Analysis of permafrost thermal dynamics and response to climate change in the cmip5 earth system models, J. Climate, 26, 1877-1900, doi:10.1175/JCLI-D-12-00228.1, 2013.
39. Kurylyk, B. L. and Watanabe, K.: The mathematical representation of freezing and thawing processes in variably-saturated, non-deformable soils, Adv. Water Resour., 60, 160-177, doi:10.1016/j.advwatres.2013.07.016, 2013.
40. Larsen, L., Thomas, C., and Eppinga, M.: Exploratory modeling: extracting causality from complexity, EOS, 95, 285-292, 2014.
41. Lawrence, D. M. and Slater, A. G.: Incorporating organic soil into a global climate model, Clim. Dynam., 30, 145-160, doi:10.1007/s00382-007-0278-1, 2008.
42. Letts, M. G., Roulet, N. T., Comer, N. T., Skarupa, M. R., and Verseghy, D. L.:. Parameterization of peatland hydraulic properties for the Canadian land surface scheme, Atmosphere-Ocean, 38, 141-160, 2000.
43. Liljedahl, A. K., Hinzman, L. D., Harazono, Y., Zona, D., Tweedie, C. E., Hollister, R. D., Engstrom, R., and Oechel, W. C.: Nonlinear controls on evapotranspiration in arctic coastal wetlands, Biogeosciences, 8, 3375-3389, doi:10.5194/bg-8-3375-2011, 2011.
44. Ling, F. and Zhang, T.: A numerical model for surface energy balance and thermal regime of the active layer and permafrost containing unfrozen water, Cold Regions Sci. Technol., 38, 1-15, doi:10.1016/S0165-232X(03)00057-0, 2004.
45. Liston, G. E. and Hall, D. K.: An energy balance model of lake ice evolution, J. Glaciol., 41, 373-382, 1995.
46. Marquardt, D. W.: An algorithm for least-squares estimation of nonlinear parameters, J. Soc. Industrial Appl. Mathematics, 11, 431-441, 1963.
47. Martinec, J.: Expected snow loads on structures from incomplete hydrological data, J. Glaciol., 19, 185-195, 1977.
48. McGuire, D. A., Anderson, L.G., Torben C. R., Dallimore, S., Guo, L., Hayes, D. J., Heimann, M., Lorenson, T. D., Macdonald, R. W., and Roulet, N.: Sensitivity of the carbon cycle in the Arctic to climate change, Ecol. Monogr., 79, 523-555, 2009.
49. McKenzie, J. M., Voss, C. I., and Siegel, D. I.: Groundwater flow with energy transport and water-ice phase change: numerical simulations, benchmarks, and application to freezing in peat bogs, Adv. Water Resour., 30, 966-983, 2007.
50. Miller, R. D.: Freezing phenomena in soil, in: Application of soil physics, edited by: Hillel, D., Academic Press, New York, p. 255-299, 1980.
51. Moldrup, P., Olesen, T., Yamaguchi, T., Schjønning, P., and Rolston, D. E.: Modeling diffusion and reaction in soils: IX. The Buckingham-Burdine-Campbell equation for gas diffusivity in undisturbed soil, Soil Sci., 164, 542-551, 1999.
52. Moldrup, P., Oleson, T., Yoshikawa, S., Komatsu, T., and Rolston, D. E.: Three-porosity model for predicting the gas diffusion coefficient in undisturbed soil, Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J., 68, 750-759, 2004.
53. Muster, S., Langer, M., Heim, B., Westermann, S., and Boike, J.: Subpixel heterogeneity of ice-wedge polygonal tundra: a multi-scale analysis of land cover and evapotranspiration in the Lena River Delta, Siberia, Tellus B, 64, doi:10.3402/tellusb.v64i0.17301, 2012.
54. Nicolsky, D. J., Romanovsky, V. E., and Panteleev, G. G.: Estimation of soil thermal properties using in-situ temperature measurements in the active layer and permafrost, Cold Regions Sci. Technolo., 55, 120-129, 2009.
55. O'Donnell, J. A., Romanovsky, V. E., Harden, J. W., and McGuire, A. D.: The effect of moisture content on the thermal conductivity of moss and organic soil horizons from black spruce ecosystems in interior Alaska, Soil Sci., 174, 646-651, doi:10.1097/SS.0b013e3181c4a7f8, 2009.
56. Osterkamp, T. E. and Romanovsky, V. E.: Characteristics of changing permafrost temperatures in the Alaskan Arctic, USA, Arctic Alpine Res., 28, 267-273, doi:10.2307/1552105, 1996.
57. Overduin, P. P., Kane, D. L., and van Loon, W. K. P.: Measuring thermal conductivity in freezing and thawing soil using the soil temperature response to heating, Cold Regions Sci. Technol., 45, 8-22, doi:10.1016/j.coldregions.2005.12.003, 2006.
58. Painter, S. L.: Three-phase numerical model of water migration in partially frozen geological media: model formulation, validation, and applications, Comput. Geosci., 15, 69-85, doi:10.1007/s10596-010-9197-z, 2011.
59. Painter, S. L. and Karra, S.: Constitutive model for unfrozen water content in subfreezing unsaturated soils, Vadose Zone J., 13, 4, doi:10.2136/vzj2013.04.0071, 2014.
60. Painter, S. L., Moulton, J. D., and Wilson, C. J.: Modeling challenges for predicting hydrologic response to degrading permafrost, Hydrogeology J., 21, 221-224, doi:10.1007/s10040-012-0917-4, 2013.
61. Peters-Lidard, C. D., Blackburn, E., Liang, X., and Wood, E. F.: The effect of thermal conductivity parameterization on surface energy fluxes and temperatures, J. Atmos., 55, 1209-1224, 1998.
62. Price, A. D. and Dunne, T.: Energy balance computations of snow melt in a sub-arctic area, Water Resour. Res., 12, 686-689, 1976.
63. Price, J. S., Elrick, D. E., Strack, M., Brunet, N., and Faux, E.: A method to determine unsaturated hydraulic conductivity in living and undecomposed Sphagnum moss, Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J., 72, 487-491, doi:10.2136/sssaj2007.0111N, 2008.
64. Quinton, W. L., Gray, D. M., and Marsh, P.: Subsurface drainage from hummock-covered hillslopes in the Arctic tundra, J. Hydrol., 237, 113-125, 2000.
65. Quinton, W. L., Hayashi, M., Carey, S. K., and Myers, T.: Peat hydraulic conductivity in cold regions and its relation to pore size and geometry, Hydrol. Processes, 22, 2829-2837, 2008.
66. ReVelle, P.: A snow model used to examine the affect of seasonal snow on an arctic environment, Thesis, New Mexico Tech, Department of Earth and Environmental Science, 2012.
67. Robinson, P. J. and Davies, J. A.: Laboratory Determination of water surface emissivity, J. Appl. Meteorol., 11, 1391-1393, 1972.
68. Romanovsky, V. E. and Osterkamp, T. E.: Thawing of the active layer on the coastal plain of the Alaskan Arctic, Permafrost Periglacial Processes, 8, 1-22, 1997.
69. Romanovsky, V. E., Smith, S. L., and Christiansen, H. H.: Permafrost thermal state in the polar Northern Hemisphere during the international polar year 2007-2009: a synthesis, Permafrost Periglacial Processes, 21, 106-116, doi:10.1002/ppp.689, 2010.
70. Sakaguchi, K. and Zeng, X.: Effects of soil wetness, plant litter, and under-canopy atmospheric stability on ground evaporation in the Community Land Model (CLM3.5), J. Geophys. Res., 114, D01107, doi:10.1029/2008JD010834, 2009.
71. Satterlund, D. R.: An improved equation for estimating long-wave radiation from the atmosphere, Water Resour. Res., 15, 1649-1650, 1979.
72. Schaefer, K., Zhang, T., Slater, A. G., Lu, L., Etringer, A., and Baker, I.: Improving simulated soil temperatures and soil freeze/thaw at high-latitude regions in the Simple Biosphere/Carnegie-Ames-Stanford Approach model, J. Geophys. Res.-Earth Surface, 114, F02021, doi:10.1029/2008JF001125, 2009.
73. Schneider von Deimling, T., Meinshausen, M., Levermann, A., Huber, V., Frieler, K., Lawrence, D. M., and Brovkin, V.: Estimating the near-surface permafrost-carbon feedback on global warming, Biogeosciences, 9, 649-665, doi:10.5194/bg-9-649-2012, 2012.
74. Shiklomanov, N. I., Nelson, F. E., and Streletskiy, D. A.: The Circumpolar Active Layer Monitoring (CALM) Program: Data Collection, Management, and Dissemination Strategies, in: Tenth International Conference on Permafrost Vol. 1: International Contributions, edited by: Hinkel, K. M., The Northern Publisher, Salekhard, Russia, p. 377-382, 2012.
75. Slater, A. G. and Lawrence, D. M.: Diagnosing present and future permafrost from climate models, J. Climate, 26, 5608-5623, doi:10.1175/JCLI-D-12-00341.1, 2014.
76. Sturm, M. and Benson, C.: Scales of spatial heterogeneity for perennial and seasonal snow layers, Ann. Glaciol., 38, 253-260, 2004.
77. Sturm, M., Holmgren, J., and Liston, G. E.: A seasonal snow cover classification system for local to global applications, J. Climate, 8, 1261-1283, 1995.
78. Sturm, M., Johnson, J. B., and Holmgren, J.: Variations in the mechanical properties of arctic and subarctic snow at local (1-m) to regional (100-km) scales. In Proceedings ISSMA-2004, International Symposium on Snow Monitoring and Avalanches, Manali, India, 12, p. 16, 2004.
79. Subin, Z. M., Koven, C. D., Riley, W. J., Torn, M. S., Lawrence, D. M., and Swenson, S. C.: Effects of soil moisture on the responses of soil temperature to climate change in cold regions, J. Climate, 26, 3139-3158, doi:10.1175/JCLI-D-12-00305.1, 2013.
80. Tang, J. and Zhuang, Q.: Modeling soil thermal and hydrological dynamics and changes of growing season in Alaskan terrestrial ecosystems, Clim. Change, 107, 481-510, 2011.
81. Tape, K. D., Rutter, N., Marshall, H. P., Essery, R., and Sturm, M.: Recording microscale variations in snowpack layering using near-infrared photography, J. Glaciol., 56, 75-80, 2010.
82. Weller, G. and Holmgren, B.: The microclimates of the arctic tundra, J. Appl. Meteorol., 13, 854-862, 1974.
83. Wieringa, J. and Rudel, E.: Station exposure metadata needed for judging and improving quality of observations of wind, temperature and other parameters, Paper 2.2, in: WMO Technical Conference on Meteorological and Environmental Instruments and Methods of Observation (TECO-2002), 2002.
84. Williams, P. J. and Smith, M. W.: The Frozen Earth, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, UK, 1991.
85. Yang, D., Goodison, B. E., Ishida, S., and Benson, C.: Adjustment of daily precipitation data of 10 climate stations in Alaska: Applications of world meteorological organization intercomparison results, Water Resour. Res., 34, 241-256, 1998.
86. Yi, S., Wischnewski, K., Langer, M., Muster, S., and Boike, J.: Freeze/thaw processes in complex permafrost landscapes of northern Siberia simulated using the TEM ecosystem model: impact of thermokarst ponds and lakes, Geosci. Model Dev., 7, 1671-1689, doi:10.5194/gmd-7-1671-2014, 2014.
87. Zhang, T.: Influence of the seasonal snow cover on the ground thermal regime: an overview, Rev. Geophys., 43, RG4002, doi:10.1029/2004RG000157, 2005.
88. Zhang, T., Osterkamp, T. E., and Stamnes, K.: Influence of the depth hoar layer of the seasonal snow cover on the ground thermal regime, Water Resour. Res., 32, 2075-2086, 1996.
89. Zhang, Y., Carey, S. K., Quinton, W. L., Janowicz, J. R., Pomeroy, J. W., and Flerchinger, G. N.: Comparison of algorithms and parameterisations for infiltration into organic-covered permafrost soils, Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 14, 729-750, doi:10.5194/hess-14-729-2010, 2010.
90. Zona, D., Lipson, D. A., Richards, J. H., Phoenix, G. K., Liljedahl, A. K., Ueyama, M., Sturtevant, C. S., and Oechel, W. C.: Delayed responses of an Arctic ecosystem to an extreme summer: impacts on net ecosystem exchange and vegetation functioning, Biogeosciences, 11, 5877-5888, doi:10.5194/bg-11-5877-2014, 2014.