Crumpled graphene: preparation and applications

RSC Advances

Volumn 5, Issue 82, 2015, Pages 66767-66796

  El Rouby, Waleed M A ^a  

^a Egypt beni Suef University   (Egypt)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

AGGLOMERATION; CAPACITANCE; ENERGY STORAGE; LITHIUM ALLOYS; LITHIUM COMPOUNDS; LITHIUM-ION BATTERIES;

CRUMPLED GRAPHENE; ELECTRONIC MATERIALS; ENERGY STORAGE APPLICATIONS; GRAPHENE SHEETS; HIGH CONDUCTIVITY; HIGH SPECIFIC SURFACE AREA; RESULTING MATERIALS; SUPER CAPACITOR;

GRAPHENE;

EID: 84938932534     PISSN: None     EISSN: 20462069     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1039/c5ra10289h     Document Type: Article

References (175)

1. K. S. Novoselov A. K. Geim S. Morozov D. Jiang Y. Zhang S. Dubonos et al., Electric field effect in atomically thin carbon films Science 2004 306 5696 666 669
2. P. V. Kamat Graphene-based nanoarchitectures. Anchoring semiconductor and metal nanoparticles on a two-dimensional carbon support J. Phys. Chem. Lett. 2009 1 2 520 527
3. A. Farghali M. Bahgat W. El Rouby M. Khedr Preparation, decoration and characterization of graphene sheets for methyl green adsorption J. Alloys Compd. 2013 555 193 200
4. S. Stankovich D. A. Dikin G. H. Dommett K. M. Kohlhaas E. J. Zimney E. A. Stach et al., Graphene-based composite materials Nature 2006 442 7100 282 286
5. C. N. R. Rao A. K. Sood K. S. Subrahmanyam A. Govindaraj Graphene: the New Two-Dimensional Nanomaterial Angew. Chem., Int. Ed. 2009 48 42 7752 7777
6. Y. H. Ng I. V. Lightcap K. Goodwin M. Matsumura P. V. Kamat To what extent do graphene scaffolds improve the photovoltaic and photocatalytic response of TiO2 nanostructured films? J. Phys. Chem. Lett. 2010 1 15 2222 2227
7. P. V. Kamat Graphene-based nanoassemblies for energy conversion J. Phys. Chem. Lett. 2011 2 3 242 251
8. D. R. Dreyer S. Park C. W. Bielawski R. S. Ruoff The chemistry of graphene oxide Chem. Soc. Rev. 2010 39 1 228 240
9. J. Luo H. D. Jang T. Sun L. Xiao Z. He A. P. Katsoulidis et al., Compression and aggregation-resistant particles of crumpled soft sheets ACS Nano 2011 5 11 8943 8949
10. S. W. Cranford M. J. Buehler Packing efficiency and accessible surface area of crumpled graphene Phys. Rev. B: Condens. Matter Mater. Phys. 2011 84 20 205451
11. L. Zhang F. Zhang X. Yang G. Long Y. Wu T. Zhang et al., Porous 3D graphene-based bulk materials with exceptional high surface area and excellent conductivity for supercapacitors Sci. Rep. 2013 3 1408
12. A. S. Balankin D. S. Ochoa E. P. León R. C. M. de Oca A. H. Rangel M. Á. M. Cruz Power law scaling of lateral deformations with universal Poisson's index for randomly folded thin sheets Phys. Rev. B: Condens. Matter Mater. Phys. 2008 77 12 125421
13. A. S. Balankin O. S. Huerta Entropic rigidity of a crumpling network in a randomly folded thin sheet Phys. Rev. E: Stat., Nonlinear, Soft Matter Phys. 2008 77 5 051124
14. Z. Zhao X. Wang J. Qiu J. Lin D. Xu C. Zhang et al., Three-Dimensional Graphene-Based Hydrogel/Aerogel Materials Rev. Adv. Mater. Sci. 2014 36 137 151
15. I. Ovid'ko Mechanical properties of graphene Rev. Adv. Mater. Sci. 2013 34 1 11
16. I. Ovidko Review on grain boundaries in graphene. Curved poly-and nanocrystalline graphene structures as new carbon allotropes Rev. Adv. Mater. Sci. 2012 30 201 224
17. J. Luo H. D. Jang J. Huang Effect of sheet morphology on the scalability of graphene-based ultracapacitors ACS Nano 2013 7 2 1464 1471
18. J. Zang S. Ryu N. Pugno Q. Wang Q. Tu M. J. Buehler et al., Multifunctionality and control of the crumpling and unfolding of large-area graphene Nat. Mater. 2013 12 4 321 325
19. A. E. Lobkovsky T. Witten Properties of ridges in elastic membranes Phys. Rev. E: Stat. Phys., Plasmas, Fluids, Relat. Interdiscip. Top. 1997 55 2 1577
20. T. Witten Stress focusing in elastic sheets Rev. Mod. Phys. 2007 79 2 643
21. J. C. Meyer A. K. Geim M. Katsnelson K. Novoselov T. Booth S. Roth The structure of suspended graphene sheets Nature 2007 446 7131 60 63
22. W. H. Duan K. Gong Q. Wang Controlling the formation of wrinkles in a single layer graphene sheet subjected to in-plane shear Carbon 2011 49 9 3107 3112
23. I. Naumov A. Bratkovsky Gap opening in graphene by simple periodic inhomogeneous strain Phys. Rev. B: Condens. Matter Mater. Phys. 2011 84 24 245444
24. R. Miranda A. L. V. de Parga Graphene: surfing ripples towards new devices Nat. Nanotechnol. 2009 4 9 549 550
25. J. Baimova E. Korznikova S. Dmitriev B. Liu K. Zhou Review on crumpled graphene: unique mechanical properties Rev. Adv. Mater. Sci. 2014 39 1 69 83
26. S. Mao Z. Wen H. Kim G. Lu P. Hurley J. Chen A general approach to one-pot fabrication of crumpled graphene-based nanohybrids for energy applications ACS Nano 2012 6 8 7505 7513
27. X. Ma M. R. Zachariah C. D. Zangmeister Crumpled nanopaper from graphene oxide Nano Lett. 2011 12 1 486 489
28. S. H. Choi Y. C. Kang Crumpled Graphene-Molybdenum Oxide Composite Powders: Preparation and Application in Lithium-Ion Batteries ChemSusChem 2014 7 2 523 528
29. S. H. Choi Y. N. Ko J.-K. Lee Y. C. Kang Rapid continuous synthesis of spherical reduced graphene ball-nickel oxide composite for lithium ion batteries Sci. Rep. 2014 4 5786
30. Z. Jian L. Zhao R. Wang Y.-S. Hu H. Li W. Chen et al., The low-temperature (400° C) coating of few-layer graphene on porous Li4Ti5O12via C28H16Br2 pyrolysis for lithium-ion batteries RSC Adv. 2012 2 5 1751 1754
31. F. Guo M. Creighton Y. Chen R. Hurt I. Külaots Porous structures in stacked, crumpled and pillared graphene-based 3D materials Carbon 2014 66 476 484
32. Y. Chen F. Guo A. Jachak S.-P. Kim D. Datta J. Liu et al., Aerosol synthesis of cargo-filled graphene nanosacks Nano Lett. 2012 12 4 1996 2002
33. W. N. Wang F. Iskandar K. Okuyama Y. Shinomiya Rapid Synthesis of Non-Aggregated Fine Chloroapatite Blue Phosphor Powders with High Quantum Efficiency Adv. Mater. 2008 20 18 3422 3426
34. W.-N. Wang Y. Kaihatsu F. Iskandar K. Okuyama Highly luminous hollow chloroapatite phosphors formed by a template-free aerosol route for solid-state lighting Chem. Mater. 2009 21 19 4685 4691
35. W.-N. Wang Y. Jiang P. Biswas Evaporation-induced crumpling of graphene oxide nanosheets in aerosolized droplets: confinement force relationship J. Phys. Chem. Lett. 2012 3 21 3228 3233
36. J. Luo X. Zhao J. Wu H. D. Jang H. H. Kung J. Huang Crumpled graphene-encapsulated Si nanoparticles for lithium ion battery anodes J. Phys. Chem. Lett. 2012 3 13 1824 1829
37. H. D. Jang S. K. Kim H. Chang K.-M. Roh J.-W. Choi J. Huang A glucose biosensor based on TiO2-graphene composite Biosens. Bioelectron. 2012 38 1 184 188
38. Y. Zou I. A. Kinloch R. A. Dryfe Nitrogen-doped and crumpled graphene sheets with improved supercapacitance J. Mater. Chem. A 2014 2 45 19495 19499
39. A. Fasolino J. Los M. I. Katsnelson Intrinsic ripples in graphene Nat. Mater. 2007 6 11 858 861
40. W. C. Hinds, Aerosol technology: properties, behavior, and measurement of airborne particles, John Wiley & Sons, 2012
41. Y. Zhu S. Murali W. Cai X. Li J. W. Suk J. R. Potts et al., Graphene and graphene oxide: synthesis, properties, and applications Adv. Mater. 2010 22 35 3906 3924
42. T. Tallinen J. Åström P. Kekäläinen J. Timonen Mechanical and thermal stability of adhesive membranes with nonzero bending rigidity Phys. Rev. Lett. 2010 105 2 026103
43. C.-J. Shih S. Lin R. Sharma M. S. Strano D. Blankschtein Understanding the pH-dependent behavior of graphene oxide aqueous solutions: a comparative experimental and molecular dynamics simulation study Langmuir 2011 28 1 235 241
44. X. Li G. Zhang X. Bai X. Sun X. Wang E. Wang et al., Highly conducting graphene sheets and Langmuir-Blodgett films Nat. Nanotechnol. 2008 3 9 538 542
45. S. A. Hasan J. L. Rigueur R. R. Harl A. J. Krejci I. Gonzalo-Juan B. R. Rogers et al., Transferable graphene oxide films with tunable microstructures ACS Nano 2010 4 12 7367 7372
46. S. Bai S. Chen X. Shen G. Zhu G. Wang Nanocomposites of hematite (α-Fe2O3) nanospindles with crumpled reduced graphene oxide nanosheets as high-performance anode material for lithium-ion batteries RSC Adv. 2012 2 29 10977 10984
47. W. S. Hummers Jr R. E. Offeman Preparation of graphitic oxide J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1958 80 6 1339
48. S. Liu B. Yu T. Zhang Preparation of crumpled reduced graphene oxide-poly (p-phenylenediamine) hybrids for the detection of dopamine J. Mater. Chem. A 2013 1 42 13314 13320
49. S. Zhang N. Pan Supercapacitor performance of crumpled and planar graphene materials produced by hydrogen gas reduction of graphene oxide J. Mater. Chem. A 2013 1 27 7957 7962
50. C. Du N. Pan Supercapacitors using carbon nanotubes films by electrophoretic deposition J. Power Sources 2006 160 2 1487 1494
51. Y.-Z. Liu C.-M. Chen Y.-F. Li X.-M. Li Q.-Q. Kong M.-Z. Wang Crumpled reduced graphene oxide by flame-induced reduction of graphite oxide for supercapacitive energy storage J. Mater. Chem. A 2014 2 16 5730 5737
52. J. Yan Y. Xiao G. Ning T. Wei Z. Fan Facile and rapid synthesis of highly crumpled graphene sheets as high-performance electrodes for supercapacitors RSC Adv. 2013 3 8 2566 2571
53. X. Yang C. Cheng Y. Wang L. Qiu D. Li Liquid-mediated dense integration of graphene materials for compact capacitive energy storage Science 2013 341 6145 534 537
54. D. A. Dikin S. Stankovich E. J. Zimney R. D. Piner G. H. Dommett G. Evmenenko et al., Preparation and characterization of graphene oxide paper Nature 2007 448 7152 457 460
55. J. Zang C. Cao Y. Feng J. Liu X. Zhao Stretchable and High-performance Supercapacitors with Crumpled Graphene Papers Sci. Rep. 2014 4 6492
56. T. Ramanathan A. Abdala S. Stankovich D. Dikin M. Herrera-Alonso R. Piner et al., Functionalized graphene sheets for polymer nanocomposites Nat. Nanotechnol. 2008 3 6 327 331
57. V. M. Pereira A. C. Neto H. Liang L. Mahadevan Geometry, mechanics, and electronics of singular structures and wrinkles in graphene Phys. Rev. Lett. 2010 105 15 156603
58. N. Levy S. Burke K. Meaker M. Panlasigui A. Zettl F. Guinea et al., Strain-induced pseudo-magnetic fields greater than 300 tesla in graphene nanobubbles Science 2010 329 5991 544 547
59. F. Guinea M. Katsnelson A. Geim Energy gaps and a zero-field quantum Hall effect in graphene by strain engineering Nat. Phys. 2010 6 1 30 33
60. K. S. Kim Y. Zhao H. Jang S. Y. Lee J. M. Kim K. S. Kim et al., Large-scale pattern growth of graphene films for stretchable transparent electrodes Nature 2009 457 7230 706 710
61. W. Bao F. Miao Z. Chen H. Zhang W. Jang C. Dames et al., Controlled ripple texturing of suspended graphene and ultrathin graphite membranes Nat. Nanotechnol. 2009 4 9 562 566
62. S. Scharfenberg D. Rocklin C. Chialvo R. L. Weaver P. M. Goldbart N. Mason Probing the mechanical properties of graphene using a corrugated elastic substrate Appl. Phys. Lett. 2011 98 9 091908
63. T. Li Z. Zhang Substrate-regulated morphology of graphene J. Phys. D: Appl. Phys. 2010 43 7 075303
64. Y. Cao J. W. Hutchinson Wrinkling phenomena in neo-Hookean film/substrate bilayers J. Appl. Mech. 2012 79 3 031019
65. Y. Wang R. Yang Z. Shi L. Zhang D. Shi E. Wang et al., Super-elastic graphene ripples for flexible strain sensors ACS Nano 2011 5 5 3645 3650
66. C. Lee X. Wei J. W. Kysar J. Hone Measurement of the elastic properties and intrinsic strength of monolayer graphene Science 2008 321 5887 385 388
67. H. Mei C. M. Landis R. Huang Concomitant wrinkling and buckle-delamination of elastic thin films on compliant substrates Mech. Mater. 2011 43 11 627 642
68. J. W. Hutchinson Z. Suo Mixed mode cracking in layered materials Adv. Appl. Mech. 1992 29 63 191
69. D. Vella J. Bico A. Boudaoud B. Roman P. M. Reis The macroscopic delamination of thin films from elastic substrates Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. 2009 106 27 10901 10906
70. J. A. Rogers T. Someya Y. Huang Materials and mechanics for stretchable electronics Science 2010 327 5973 1603 1607
71. M. Kaltenbrunner M. S. White E. D. Głowacki T. Sekitani T. Someya N. S. Sariciftci et al., Ultrathin and lightweight organic solar cells with high flexibility Nat. Commun. 2012 3 770
72. P. Kim M. Abkarian H. A. Stone Hierarchical folding of elastic membranes under biaxial compressive stress Nat. Mater. 2011 10 12 952 957
73. T. J. Booth P. Blake R. R. Nair D. Jiang E. W. Hill U. Bangert et al., Macroscopic graphene membranes and their extraordinary stiffness Nano Lett. 2008 8 8 2442 2446
74. P. Avouris Z. Chen V. Perebeinos Carbon-based electronics Nat. Nanotechnol. 2007 2 10 605 615
75. K. S. Novoselov A. K. Geim S. Morozov D. Jiang Y. Zhang D. Sa et al., Electric field effect in atomically thin carbon films Science 2004 306 5696 666 669
76. A. A. Balandin S. Ghosh W. Bao I. Calizo D. Teweldebrhan F. Miao et al., Superior thermal conductivity of single-layer graphene Nano Lett. 2008 8 3 902 907
77. J. Xia F. Chen J. Li N. Tao Measurement of the quantum capacitance of graphene Nat. Nanotechnol. 2009 4 8 505 509
78. J. Liang Y. Huang L. Zhang Y. Wang Y. Ma T. Guo et al., Molecular-level dispersion of graphene into poly (vinyl alcohol) and effective reinforcement of their nanocomposites Adv. Funct. Mater. 2009 19 14 2297 2302
79. H. A. Becerril J. Mao Z. Liu R. M. Stoltenberg Z. Bao Y. Chen Evaluation of solution-processed reduced graphene oxide films as transparent conductors ACS Nano 2008 2 3 463 470
80. F. Schedin A. Geim S. Morozov E. Hill P. Blake M. Katsnelson et al., Detection of individual gas molecules adsorbed on graphene Nat. Mater. 2007 6 9 652 655
81. Q. He H. G. Sudibya Z. Yin S. Wu H. Li F. Boey et al., Centimeter-long and large-scale micropatterns of reduced graphene oxide films: fabrication and sensing applications ACS Nano 2010 4 6 3201 3208
82. J. Liang Y. Xu Y. Huang L. Zhang Y. Wang Y. Ma et al., Infrared-triggered actuators from graphene-based nanocomposites J. Phys. Chem. C 2009 113 22 9921 9927
83. X. Xie L. Qu C. Zhou Y. Li J. Zhu H. Bai et al., An asymmetrically surface-modified graphene film electrochemical actuator ACS Nano 2010 4 10 6050 6054
84. J. Liang Y. Huang J. Oh M. Kozlov D. Sui S. Fang et al., Electromechanical actuators based on graphene and graphene/Fe3O4 hybrid paper Adv. Funct. Mater. 2011 21 19 3778 3784
85. A. Das S. Pisana B. Chakraborty S. Piscanec S. Saha U. Waghmare et al., Monitoring dopants by Raman scattering in an electrochemically top-gated graphene transistor Nat. Nanotechnol. 2008 3 4 210 215
86. B. Li X. Cao H. G. Ong J. W. Cheah X. Zhou Z. Yin et al., All-Carbon Electronic Devices Fabricated by Directly Grown Single-Walled Carbon Nanotubes on Reduced Graphene Oxide Electrodes Adv. Mater. 2010 22 28 3058 3061
87. D. A. Brownson D. K. Kampouris C. E. Banks An overview of graphene in energy production and storage applications J. Power Sources 2011 196 11 4873 4885
88. M. Pumera Graphene-based nanomaterials and their electrochemistry Chem. Soc. Rev. 2010 39 11 4146 4157
89. Y. Sun Q. Wu G. Shi Graphene based new energy materials Energy Environ. Sci. 2011 4 4 1113 1132
90. G. Eda M. Chhowalla Chemically derived graphene oxide: towards large-area thin-film electronics and optoelectronics Adv. Mater. 2010 22 22 2392 2415
91. M. J. Allen V. C. Tung R. B. Kaner Honeycomb carbon: a review of graphene Chem. Rev. 2009 110 1 132 145
92. X. Huang X. Qi F. Boey H. Zhang Graphene-based composites Chem. Soc. Rev. 2012 41 2 666 686
93. D. Yu L. Dai Self-assembled graphene/carbon nanotube hybrid films for supercapacitors J. Phys. Chem. Lett. 2009 1 2 467 470
94. L. Hao X. Li L. Zhi Carbonaceous electrode materials for supercapacitors Adv. Mater. 2013 25 28 3899 3904
95. B. Conway, Electrochemical supercapacitor. Scientific Fundamentals and Technological Applications, Kluwer Academic/Plenum Publishers, New York, 1999
96. Z. Wen X. Wang S. Mao Z. Bo H. Kim S. Cui et al., Crumpled Nitrogen-Doped Graphene Nanosheets with Ultrahigh Pore Volume for High-Performance Supercapacitor Adv. Mater. 2012 24 41 5610 5616
97. S. Mao Z. Wen T. Huang Y. Hou J. Chen High-performance bi-functional electrocatalysts of 3D crumpled graphene-cobalt oxide nanohybrids for oxygen reduction and evolution reactions Energy Environ. Sci. 2014 7 2 609 616
98. R. Ruoff Perspective: a means to an end Nature 2012 483 7389 S42
99. X. Ma M. R. Zachariah C. D. Zangmeister Reduction of suspended graphene oxide single sheet nanopaper: the effect of crumpling J. Phys. Chem. C 2013 117 6 3185 3191
100. B. S. Mao Z. Wen Z. Bo J. Chang X. Huang J. Chen Hierarchical Nanohybrids with Porous CNT-Networks Decorated Crumpled Graphene Balls for Supercapacitors ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces 2014 6 12 9881 9889
101. Y. Wang Z. Shi Y. Huang Y. Ma C. Wang M. Chen et al., Supercapacitor devices based on graphene materials J. Phys. Chem. C 2009 113 30 13103 13107
102. W. Tang L. Peng C. Yuan J. Wang S. Mo C. Zhao et al., Facile synthesis of 3D reduced graphene oxide and its polyaniline composite for super capacitor application Synth. Met. 2015 202 140 146
103. Y. Li D. Cao Y. Wang S. Yang D. Zhang K. Ye et al., Hydrothermal deposition of manganese dioxide nanosheets on electrodeposited graphene covered nickel foam as a high-performance electrode for supercapacitors J. Power Sources 2015 279 138 145
104. X. Feng N. Chen Y. Zhang Z. Yan X. Liu Y. Ma et al., The self-assembly of shape controlled functionalized graphene-MnO2 composites for application as supercapacitors J. Mater. Chem. A 2014 2 24 9178 9184
105. N. Mahmood C. Zhang H. Yin Y. Hou Graphene-based nanocomposites for energy storage and conversion in lithium batteries, supercapacitors and fuel cells J. Mater. Chem. A 2014 2 1 15 32
106. J. Liu C. K. Poh D. Zhan L. Lai S. H. Lim L. Wang et al., Improved synthesis of graphene flakes from the multiple electrochemical exfoliation of graphite rod Nano Energy 2013 2 3 377 386
107. S. Park R. S. Ruoff Chemical methods for the production of graphenes Nat. Nanotechnol. 2009 4 4 217 224
108. S. Yang X. Song P. Zhang L. Gao Crumpled nitrogen-doped graphene-ultrafine Mn3O4 nanohybrids and their application in supercapacitors J. Mater. Chem. A 2013 1 45 14162 14169
109. H. M. Jeong J. W. Lee W. H. Shin Y. J. Choi H. J. Shin J. K. Kang et al., Nitrogen-doped graphene for high-performance ultracapacitors and the importance of nitrogen-doped sites at basal planes Nano Lett. 2011 11 6 2472 2477
110. B. Zhao P. Liu Y. Jiang D. Pan H. Tao J. Song et al., Supercapacitor performances of thermally reduced graphene oxide J. Power Sources 2012 198 423 427
111. T. Y. Kim H. W. Lee M. Stoller D. R. Dreyer C. W. Bielawski R. S. Ruoff et al., High-performance supercapacitors based on poly (ionic liquid)-modified graphene electrodes ACS Nano 2010 5 1 436 442
112. Y. Zhu M. D. Stoller W. Cai A. Velamakanni R. D. Piner D. Chen et al., Exfoliation of graphite oxide in propylene carbonate and thermal reduction of the resulting graphene oxide platelets ACS Nano 2010 4 2 1227 1233
113. X. Lu G. Wang T. Zhai M. Yu J. Gan Y. Tong et al., Hydrogenated TiO2 nanotube arrays for supercapacitors Nano Lett. 2012 12 3 1690 1696
114. A. K. Mishra S. Ramaprabhu Functionalized graphene-based nanocomposites for supercapacitor application J. Phys. Chem. C 2011 115 29 14006 14013
115. A. Kaniyoor T. T. Baby S. Ramaprabhu Graphene synthesis via hydrogen induced low temperature exfoliation of graphite oxide J. Mater. Chem. 2010 20 39 8467 8469
116. S. Zhang Y. Li N. Pan Graphene based supercapacitor fabricated by vacuum filtration deposition J. Power Sources 2012 206 476 482
117. M. D. Stoller S. Park Y. Zhu J. An R. S. Ruoff Graphene-based ultracapacitors Nano Lett. 2008 8 10 3498 3502
118. X. Li H. Wang J. T. Robinson H. Sanchez G. Diankov H. Dai Simultaneous nitrogen doping and reduction of graphene oxide J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2009 131 43 15939 15944
119. K. Aso A. Hayashi M. Tatsumisago Phase-Selective Synthesis of Nickel Phosphide in High-Boiling Solvent for All-Solid-State Lithium Secondary Batteries Inorg. Chem. 2011 50 21 10820 10824
120. Y. Dou G. Li J. Song X. Gao Nickel phosphide-embedded graphene as counter electrode for dye-sensitized solar cells Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys. 2012 14 4 1339 1342
121. C. An Y. Wang Y. Wang G. Liu L. Li F. Qiu et al., Facile synthesis and superior supercapacitor performances of Ni2P/rGO nanoparticles RSC Adv. 2013 3 14 4628 4633
122. C. An Y. Wang L. Li F. Qiu Y. Xu C. Xu et al., Effects of highly crumpled graphene nanosheets on the electrochemical performances of pseudocapacitor electrode materials Electrochim. Acta 2014 133 180 187
123. P. Simon Y. Gogotsi Materials for electrochemical capacitors Nat. Mater. 2008 7 11 845 854
124. V. Subramanian H. Zhu R. Vajtai P. Ajayan B. Wei Hydrothermal synthesis and pseudocapacitance properties of MnO2 nanostructures J. Phys. Chem. B 2005 109 43 20207 20214
125. M.-W. Xu D.-D. Zhao S.-J. Bao H.-L. Li Mesoporous amorphous MnO2 as electrode material for supercapacitor J. Solid State Electrochem. 2007 11 8 1101 1107
126. C. An Y. Wang Y. Huang Y. Xu C. Xu L. Jiao et al., Novel three-dimensional NiCo2O4 hierarchitectures: solvothermal synthesis and electrochemical properties CrystEngComm 2014 16 3 385 392
127. C. Liu F. Li L. P. Ma H. M. Cheng Advanced materials for energy storage Adv. Mater. 2010 22 8 E28 E62
128. Z. Bo W. Zhu W. Ma Z. Wen X. Shuai J. Chen et al., Vertically Oriented Graphene Bridging Active-Layer/Current-Collector Interface for Ultrahigh Rate Supercapacitors Adv. Mater. 2013 25 40 5799 5806
129. M. Wakihara Recent developments in lithium ion batteries Mater. Sci. Eng., R 2001 33 4 109 134
130. M. S. Whittingham Lithium batteries and cathode materials Chem. Rev. 2004 104 10 4271 4302
131. M. Armand J.-M. Tarascon Building better batteries Nature 2008 451 7179 652 657
132. L. Ji Z. Lin M. Alcoutlabi X. Zhang Recent developments in nanostructured anode materials for rechargeable lithium-ion batteries Energy Environ. Sci. 2011 4 8 2682 2699
133. J. Cabana L. Monconduit D. Larcher M. R. Palacin Beyond Intercalation-Based Li-Ion Batteries: The State of the Art and Challenges of Electrode Materials Reacting Through Conversion Reactions Adv. Mater. 2010 22 35 E170 E192
134. P. Poizot S. Laruelle S. Grugeon L. Dupont J. Tarascon Nano-sized transition-metal oxides as negative-electrode materials for lithium-ion batteries Nature 2000 407 6803 496 499
135. P. G. Bruce B. Scrosati J. M. Tarascon Nanomaterials for rechargeable lithium batteries Angew. Chem., Int. Ed. 2008 47 16 2930 2946
136. M. Reddy G. Subba Rao B. Chowdari Metal oxides and oxysalts as anode materials for Li ion batteries Chem. Rev. 2013 113 7 5364 5457
137. Z. Wang L. Zhou Metal Oxide Hollow Nanostructures for Lithium-ion Batteries Adv. Mater. 2012 24 14 1903 1911
138. X. Lai J. E. Halpert D. Wang Recent advances in micro-/nano-structured hollow spheres for energy applications: from simple to complex systems Energy Environ. Sci. 2012 5 2 5604 5618
139. N. S. Choi Z. Chen S. A. Freunberger X. Ji Y. K. Sun K. Amine et al., Challenges Facing Lithium Batteries and Electrical Double-Layer Capacitors Angew. Chem., Int. Ed. 2012 51 40 9994 10024
140. B. Scrosati J. Hassoun Y.-K. Sun Lithium-ion batteries. A look into the future Energy Environ. Sci. 2011 4 9 3287 3295
141. L. Zhang H. B. Wu X. W. D. Lou Iron-Oxide-Based Advanced Anode Materials for Lithium-Ion Batteries Adv. Energy Mater. 2014 4 4 1300958
142. G. Wang X. Shen J. Yao J. Park Graphene nanosheets for enhanced lithium storage in lithium ion batteries Carbon 2009 47 8 2049 2053
143. S. Bai X. Shen Graphene-inorganic nanocomposites RSC Adv. 2012 2 1 64 98
144. B. Sun J. Horvat H. S. Kim W.-S. Kim J. Ahn G. Wang Synthesis of mesoporous α-Fe2O3 nanostructures for highly sensitive gas sensors and high capacity anode materials in lithium ion batteries J. Phys. Chem. C 2010 114 44 18753 18761
145. J. Chen L.-N. Xu W.-Y. Li X.-L. Gou α-Fe2O3 nanotubes in gas sensor and lithium-ion battery applications Adv. Mater. 2005 17 5 582 586
146. J. Yan Z. Fan T. Wei W. Qian M. Zhang F. Wei Fast and reversible surface redox reaction of graphene-MnO2 composites as supercapacitor electrodes Carbon 2010 48 13 3825 3833
147. X. Zhu Y. Zhu S. Murali M. D. Stoller R. S. Ruoff Nanostructured reduced graphene oxide/Fe2O3 composite as a high-performance anode material for lithium ion batteries ACS Nano 2011 5 4 3333 3338
148. Y. Zou J. Kan Y. Wang Fe2O3-graphene rice-on-sheet nanocomposite for high and fast lithium ion storage J. Phys. Chem. C 2011 115 42 20747 20753
149. S.-Y. Liu J. Xie Q. Pan C.-Y. Wu G.-S. Cao T.-J. Zhu et al., Graphene anchored with nanocrystal Fe2O3 with improved electrochemical Li-storage properties Int. J. Electrochem. Sci. 2012 7 354 362
150. Y. Li X. Lv J. Lu J. Li Preparation of SnO2-nanocrystal/graphene-nanosheets composites and their lithium storage ability J. Phys. Chem. C 2010 114 49 21770 21774
151. G. Zhou D.-W. Wang F. Li L. Zhang N. Li Z.-S. Wu et al., Graphene-wrapped Fe3O4 anode material with improved reversible capacity and cyclic stability for lithium ion batteries Chem. Mater. 2010 22 18 5306 5313
152. C. J. Wen R. A. Huggins Chemical diffusion in intermediate phases in the lithium-silicon system J. Solid State Chem. 1981 37 3 271 278
153. T. Hatchard J. Dahn In situ XRD and electrochemical study of the reaction of lithium with amorphous silicon J. Electrochem. Soc. 2004 151 6 A838 A842
154. M. Obrovac L. Christensen Structural changes in silicon anodes during lithium insertion/extraction Electrochem. Solid-State Lett. 2004 7 5 A93 A96
155. H. Li X. Huang L. Chen Z. Wu Y. Liang A high capacity nano Si composite anode material for lithium rechargeable batteries Electrochem. Solid-State Lett. 1999 2 11 547 549
156. J.-M. Tarascon M. Armand Issues and challenges facing rechargeable lithium batteries Nature 2001 414 6861 359 367
157. J. R. Szczech S. Jin Nanostructured silicon for high capacity lithium battery anodes Energy Environ. Sci. 2011 4 1 56 72
158. C. K. Chan H. Peng G. Liu K. McIlwrath X. F. Zhang R. A. Huggins et al., High-performance lithium battery anodes using silicon nanowires Nat. Nanotechnol. 2008 3 1 31 35
159. L.-F. Cui R. Ruffo C. K. Chan H. Peng Y. Cui Crystalline-amorphous core-shell silicon nanowires for high capacity and high current battery electrodes Nano Lett. 2008 9 1 491 495
160. M.-H. Park M. G. Kim J. Joo K. Kim J. Kim S. Ahn et al., Silicon nanotube battery anodes Nano Lett. 2009 9 11 3844 3847
161. T. Song J. Xia J.-H. Lee D. H. Lee M.-S. Kwon J.-M. Choi et al., Arrays of sealed silicon nanotubes as anodes for lithium ion batteries Nano Lett. 2010 10 5 1710 1716
162. Y. Yao M. T. McDowell I. Ryu H. Wu N. Liu L. Hu et al., Interconnected silicon hollow nanospheres for lithium-ion battery anodes with long cycle life Nano Lett. 2011 11 7 2949 2954
163. D. Chen X. Mei G. Ji M. Lu J. Xie J. Lu et al., Reversible Lithium-Ion Storage in Silver-Treated Nanoscale Hollow Porous Silicon Particles Angew. Chem., Int. Ed. 2012 51 10 2409 2413
164. S. H. Ng J. Wang D. Wexler K. Konstantinov Z. P. Guo H. K. Liu Highly Reversible Lithium Storage in Spheroidal Carbon-coated Silicon Nanocomposites as Anodes for Lithium-ion Batteries Angew. Chem., Int. Ed. 2006 45 41 6896 6899
165. A. Magasinski P. Dixon B. Hertzberg A. Kvit J. Ayala G. Yushin High-performance lithium-ion anodes using a hierarchical bottom-up approach Nat. Mater. 2010 9 4 353 358
166. H. Kim B. Han J. Choo J. Cho Three-dimensional porous silicon particles for use in high-performance lithium secondary batteries Angew. Chem. 2008 120 52 10305 10308
167. Y. Yu L. Gu C. Zhu S. Tsukimoto P. A. van Aken J. Maier Reversible Storage of Lithium in Silver-coated Three-dimensional Macroporous Silicon Adv. Mater. 2010 22 20 2247 2250
168. M. Winter J. O. Besenhard M. E. Spahr P. Novak Insertion electrode materials for rechargeable lithium batteries Adv. Mater. 1998 10 10 725 763
169. N. Liu H. Wu M. T. McDowell Y. Yao C. Wang Y. Cui A yolk-shell design for stabilized and scalable Li-ion battery alloy anodes Nano Lett. 2012 12 6 3315 3321
170. Y. Na H. Jang Oil absorbing graphene capsules by capillary molding Chem. Commun. 2012 48 48 5968 5970
171. J. K. Lee K. B. Smith C. M. Hayner H. H. Kung Silicon nanoparticles-graphene paper composites for Li ion battery anodes Chem. Commun. 2010 46 12 2025 2027
172. L. Mai F. Dong X. Xu Y. Luo Q. An Y. Zhao et al., Cucumber-like V2O5/poly (3, 4-ethylenedioxythiophene) &MnO2 nanowires with enhanced electrochemical cyclability Nano Lett. 2013 13 2 740 745
173. Q. Wei Q. An D. Chen L. Mai S. Chen Y. Zhao et al., One-pot synthesized bicontinuous hierarchical Li3V2(PO4)3/C mesoporous nanowires for high-rate and ultralong-life lithium-ion batteries Nano Lett. 2014 14 2 1042 1048
174. Y. Zhao J. Feng X. Liu F. Wang L. Wang C. Shi et al., Self-adaptive strain-relaxation optimization for high-energy lithium storage material through crumpling of graphene Nat. Commun. 2014 5 4565
175. B. Dunn H. Kamath J.-M. Tarascon Electrical energy storage for the grid: a battery of choices Science 2011 334 6058 928 935