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We were not able to visualize a crumpling network in the black carbon paper of thickness 0.024 mm (see).
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For the intermediate confinement ratios, the distribution of crumpling ridge lengths exhibits a crossover from a log-normal to a Î" distribution within a wide range K, as is suggested in.
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The configurational temperature X enters as a parameter in the equilibrium distribution allowing us to substitute, as in the usual statistical mechanics, time averages, which are theoretically difficult to evaluate, by ensemble averages. In granular materials the dynamics from one stable microstate to another is induced by sequences of “taps,†in which the energy is pumped into the system in pulses. Due to inelastic collisions, the kinetic energy is totally dissipated after each tap and the system is again frozen in one of its inherent states. In the case of crumpling networks under uniaxial compression the role of taps plays the buckling of crumpling creases.
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