메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn , Issue , 2015, Pages 1-93

Adapting infrastructure and civil engineering practice to a changing climate

(1)  Olsen, J Rolf a  

a NONE

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

COST ENGINEERING; ECONOMIC AND SOCIAL EFFECTS; ENGINEERING EDUCATION;

EID: 84938520501     PISSN: None     EISSN: None     Source Type: Book    
DOI: 10.1061/9780784479193     Document Type: Book
Times cited : (79)

References (181)
  • 1
    • 85031022416 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Senate Subcommittee Hearing on Global Climate Change and Impacts, April
    • Akasofu, S-I (2006). Swom testimony before the U.S. Senate Subcommittee Hearing on Global Climate Change and Impacts, April.
    • (2006) Swom Testimony before the U.S
    • Akasofu, S.-I.1
  • 2
    • 80054050415 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • On the recovery from the Little Ice Age
    • Akasofu, S.-I., (2010). “On the recovery from the Little Ice Age.” Natural Science, Vol.2, No.11, pp. 1211-1224
    • (2010) Natural Science , vol.2 , Issue.11 , pp. 1211-1224
    • Akasofu, S.-I.1
  • 3
    • 84938509346 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • On the Present Halting of Global Warming
    • Akasofu, S.-I. (2013). “On the Present Halting of Global Warming.” Climate, Vol. 1, pp. 4-11
    • (2013) Climate , vol.1 , pp. 4-11
    • Akasofu, S.-I.1
  • 5
    • 84938520941 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • American Society of Civil Engineers (ASCE). (2012). Policy Statement 360 - Impact of Climate Change. Available at http://www.asce.org/Public-Policies-and-Priorities/Public-Policy-Statements/Policy-Statement-360—Impact-of-Climate-Change/
    • (2012) Policy Statement 360 - Impact of Climate Change
  • 6
    • 84871810177 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • ASCE/SEI 7-10
    • American Society of Civil Engineers Structural Engineering Institute (ASCE/SEI). (2010). Minimum Design Loads of Buildings and Other Structures, ASCE/SEI 7-10, http://www.asce.org/PPLContent.aspx?id=2147486026
    • (2010) Minimum Design Loads of Buildings and Other Structures
  • 7
    • 85031003977 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • ASHRAE Standard 169
    • American Society of Heating, Refrigeration and Air-Conditioning Engineers. (2006). ASHRAE Standard 169, Weather Data for Building Design Standards, www.ashrae.org/File%20Library/docLib/Public/20060815_169_2006_a.pdf
    • (2006) Weather Data for Building Design Standards
  • 8
    • 85031003977 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • ASHRAE Standard 169
    • American Society of Heating, Refrigeration and Air-Conditioning Engineers. (2006). ASHRAE Standard 169, Weather Data for Building Design Standards, www.ashrae.org/File%20Library/docLib/Public/20060815_169_2006_a.pdf
    • (2006) Weather Data for Building Design Standards
  • 9
    • 13944262960 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cambridge University Press
    • Arctic Climate Impact Assessment. (2004). Impacts of a Warming Arctic, Cambridge University Press.
    • (2004) Impacts of a Warming Arctic
  • 13
    • 84924911744 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Flood Nonstationarity in the SE and Mid-Atlantic Regions of the United States
    • Barros, A.P., Duan, Y., Brun, J., and Medina, M.A., (2014). “Flood Nonstationarity in the SE and Mid-Atlantic Regions of the United States.” Journal of Hydrologic Engineering, http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)HE.1943-5584.0000955.
    • (2014) Journal of Hydrologic Engineering
    • Barros, A.P.1    Duan, Y.2    Brun, J.3    Medina, M.A.4
  • 16
    • 21244503102 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Large Eddy Simulations of Fires: From Concepts to Computations
    • Baum, H. (2000). “Large Eddy Simulations of Fires: From Concepts to Computations,” Fire Protection Engineering.
    • (2000) Fire Protection Engineering
    • Baum, H.1
  • 18
    • 41149155631 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Precipitation-Frequency Atlas of the United States
    • U.S. Department of Commerce, National Weather Service, Silver Spring, Maryland
    • Bonnin, G.M., D. Martin, B. Lin, T. Parzybok, M. Yekta, D. Riley (2004). "Precipitation-Frequency Atlas of the United States," NOAA Atlas 14, U.S. Department of Commerce, National Weather Service, Silver Spring, Maryland.
    • (2004) NOAA Atlas 14
    • Bonnin, G.M.1    Martin, D.2    Lin, B.3    Parzybok, T.4    Yekta, M.5    Riley, D.6
  • 19
    • 83055180336 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Trends in Rainfall Exceedances in the Observed Record in Selected Areas of the United States
    • Bonnin, Geoffrey M., Kazungu Maitaria, and Michael Yekta, (2011). “Trends in Rainfall Exceedances in the Observed Record in Selected Areas of the United States.” Journal of the American Water Resources Association (JAWRA) 47(6): 1173-1182.
    • (2011) Journal of the American Water Resources Association (JAWRA) , vol.47 , Issue.6 , pp. 1173-1182
    • Bonnin, G.M.1    Maitaria, K.2    Yekta, M.3
  • 20
    • 48749119593 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Significance of model credibility in estimating climate projection distributions for regional hydroclimatological risk assessments
    • Brekke, L.D., Dettinger, M.D., Maurer, E.P., and Anderson, M., (2008). “Significance of model credibility in estimating climate projection distributions for regional hydroclimatological risk assessments.” Climatic Change, v. 89, n. 3-4, p. 371-394.
    • (2008) Climatic Change , vol.89 , Issue.3-4 , pp. 371-394
    • Brekke, L.D.1    Dettinger, M.D.2    Maurer, E.P.3    Anderson, M.4
  • 22
    • 79957959301 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A decision analytic approach to managing climate risks: Application to the Upper Great Lakes
    • Brown C, Werick W, Leger W, Fay D., (2011). “A decision analytic approach to managing climate risks: application to the Upper Great Lakes.” Journal of the American Water Resources Association 2011, 47:524-534.
    • (2011) Journal of the American Water Resources Association , vol.2011 , Issue.47 , pp. 524-534
    • Brown, C.1    Werick, W.2    Leger, W.3    Fay, D.4
  • 23
  • 25
    • 84866982350 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Decision Scaling: Linking Bottom-up Vulnerability Analysis with Climate Projections in the Water Sector
    • Brown, C., Y. Ghile, M. Laverty, and K. Li (2012). “Decision Scaling: Linking Bottom-up Vulnerability Analysis with Climate Projections in the Water Sector.” Water Resources Research, 48, W09537, doi:10.1029/2011WR011212.
    • (2012) Water Resources Research , vol.48
    • Brown, C.1    Ghile, Y.2    Laverty, M.3    Li, K.4
  • 26
    • 84890559992 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Implications of sea-level rise and extreme events around Europe: A review of coastal energy infrastructure
    • Brown, S., Hanson, S., & Nicholls, R. J. (2014). “Implications of sea-level rise and extreme events around Europe: a review of coastal energy infrastructure.” Climatic Change, 122 (1-2), 81-95.
    • (2014) Climatic Change , vol.122 , Issue.1-2 , pp. 81-95
    • Brown, S.1    Hanson, S.2    Nicholls, R.J.3
  • 27
    • 84893661954 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Mapping the Role of Tropical Cyclones on the Hydroclimate of the Southeast United States: 2002-2011
    • Brun, J. and Barros, A.P., (2013). “Mapping the Role of Tropical Cyclones on the Hydroclimate of the Southeast United States: 2002-2011.” Int. J. of Climatology, DOI:10.1002/joc.3703.
    • (2013) Int. J. Of Climatology
    • Brun, J.1    Barros, A.P.2
  • 28
    • 84896549307 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Toward Disaster-Resilient Cities: Characterizing Resilience of Infrastructure Systems with Expert Judgments
    • Chang, S. E., McDaniels, T., Fox, J., Dhariwal, R., and Longstaff, H. (2014). “Toward Disaster-Resilient Cities: Characterizing Resilience of Infrastructure Systems with Expert Judgments.” Risk Analysis, 34(3), 416-434. doi:10.1111/risa.12133
    • (2014) Risk Analysis , vol.34 , Issue.3 , pp. 416-434
    • Chang, S.E.1    McDaniels, T.2    Fox, J.3    Dhariwal, R.4    Longstaff, H.5
  • 29
    • 65849190053 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A Report by the U.S. Climate Change Science Program and the Subcommittee on Global Change Research [Bader D.C., C. Covey, W.J. Gutowski Jr., I.M. Held, K.E. Kunkel, R.L. Miller, R.T. Tokmakian and M.H. Zhang (Authors)]. Department of Energy, Office of Biological and Environmental Research, Washington, D.C., USA
    • Climate Change Science Program (CCSP), (2008). Climate Models: An Assessment of Strengths and Limitations. A Report by the U.S. Climate Change Science Program and the Subcommittee on Global Change Research [Bader D.C., C. Covey, W.J. Gutowski Jr., I.M. Held, K.E. Kunkel, R.L. Miller, R.T. Tokmakian and M.H. Zhang (Authors)]. Department of Energy, Office of Biological and Environmental Research, Washington, D.C., USA, 124 pp.
    • (2008) Climate Models: An Assessment of Strengths and Limitations , pp. 124
  • 31
    • 84933673331 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Ch. 4: Energy Supply and Use. Climate Change Impacts in the United States: The Third National Climate Assessment
    • J. M. Melillo, Terese (T.C.) Richmond, and G. W. Yohe, Eds
    • Dell, J., S. Tierney, G. Franco, R. G. Newell, R. Richels, J. Weyant, and T. J. Wilbanks. (2014). Ch. 4: Energy Supply and Use. Climate Change Impacts in the United States: The Third National Climate Assessment, J. M. Melillo, Terese (T.C.) Richmond, and G. W. Yohe, Eds., U.S. Global Change Research Program, 113-129. doi:10.7930/J0BG2KWD.
    • (2014) U.S. Global Change Research Program , pp. 113-129
    • Dell, J.1    Tierney, S.2    Franco, G.3    Newell, R.G.4    Richels, R.5    Weyant, J.6    Wilbanks, T.J.7
  • 32
    • 85031026012 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • U.S. Energy Sector Vulnerabilities to Climate Change and Extreme Weather. DOE/PI-0013, U.S
    • Washington, D.C
    • Department of Energy (DOE) (2013). U.S. Energy Sector Vulnerabilities to Climate Change and Extreme Weather. DOE/PI-0013, U.S. Department of Energy, Washington, D.C. http://energy.gov/downloads/us-energy-sector-vulnerabilities-climate-change-and-extreme-weather
    • (2013) Department of Energy
  • 33
    • 14644438513 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Does climate adaptation policy need probabilities?
    • Dessai, S. and M. Hulme, (2004). “Does climate adaptation policy need probabilities?” Climate Policy 4, 107-128
    • (2004) Climate Policy , vol.4 , pp. 107-128
    • Dessai, S.1    Hulme, M.2
  • 34
    • 0842291532 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Probable Maximum Precipitation Estimation Using Multifractals: Application in the Eastern United States
    • Douglas, E. and Barros, A.P., (2003). “Probable Maximum Precipitation Estimation Using Multifractals: Application in the Eastern United States.” J. Hydrometeorology, Vol. 4, No. 6, 1012-1024.
    • (2003) J. Hydrometeorology , vol.4 , Issue.6 , pp. 1012-1024
    • Douglas, E.1    Barros, A.P.2
  • 35
    • 84880329007 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The impact of climate change on the European energy system
    • Dowling, P. (2013). “The impact of climate change on the European energy system.” Energy Policy, 60, 406-417. doi:10.1016/j.enpol.2013.05.093
    • (2013) Energy Policy , vol.60 , pp. 406-417
    • Dowling, P.1
  • 36
    • 85031005268 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • April 2014 Monthly Energy Review, Energy Information Administration
    • April 25
    • Energy Information Administration (EIA). (2014). April 2014 Monthly Energy Review, Energy Information Administration, U.S. Department of Energy. April 25, 2014. http://www.eia.gov/totalenergy/data/monthly/index.cfm
    • (2014) U.S. Department of Energy
  • 38
    • 0025403604 scopus 로고
    • Cold regions engineering: Climate warming concerns for Alaska
    • ASCE
    • Esch, D.C. and T.E. Osterkamp, (1990). “Cold regions engineering: Climate warming concerns for Alaska.” Journal of Cold Regions Engineering, ASCE 4(1):6-14.
    • (1990) Journal of Cold Regions Engineering , vol.4 , Issue.1 , pp. 6-14
    • Esch, D.C.1    Osterkamp, T.E.2
  • 39
    • 33646163480 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Geotechnical design - Part 1: General rules
    • Eurocode 7 (1997). “Geotechnical design - Part 1: General rules,” BS EN 1997-1:2004
    • (1997) BS EN , pp. 1997-2001
  • 41
    • 85027064682 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • 2011-OPPA-01, dated 23 January 2012
    • Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA) (2012). “FEMA Climate Change Adaptation Policy Statement,” 2011-OPPA-01, dated 23 January 2012.
    • (2012) FEMA Climate Change Adaptation Policy Statement
  • 43
    • 3142775091 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Publication No. FHWA NHI 01-004, Hydraulic Design Series Number 6
    • Federal Highway Administration (FHWA), U.S. Department of Transportation (USDOT), (2001). River Engineering for Highway Encroachments Highways in the River Environment, Publication No. FHWA NHI 01-004, Hydraulic Design Series Number 6, Available at http://www.fhwa.dot.gov/engineering/hydraulics/library_arc.cfm?pub_number=8&id=20.
    • (2001) River Engineering for Highway Encroachments Highways in the River Environment
  • 44
    • 84862610306 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Publication No. FHWA NHI 10-009, Hydraulic Engineering Circular No. 22, Third Edition
    • Federal Highway Administration (FHWA), U.S. Department of Transportation (USDOT), (2009). Urban Drainage Design Manual, Publication No. FHWA NHI 10-009, Hydraulic Engineering Circular No. 22, Third Edition, Available at http://www.fhwa.dot.gov/engineering/hydraulics/library_arc.cfm?pub_number=22&id=140.
    • (2009) Urban Drainage Design Manual
  • 45
    • 85030974901 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Publication No. FHWA-HEP-14-053, Office of Planning, Environment, and Realty
    • Federal Highway Administration (FHWA), U.S. Department of Transportation. (2014). U.S. DOT Gulf Coast Study, Phase 2 Case Study, Publication No. FHWA-HEP-14-053, Office of Planning, Environment, and Realty. Available at http://www.fhwa.dot.gov/environment/climate_change/adaptation/ongoing_and_current_research/gulf_coast_study/.
    • (2014) U.S. DOT Gulf Coast Study, Phase 2 Case Study
  • 46
    • 85031009422 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Using Robust Decision Making to Manage Climate and Other Uncertainties in EPA’s National Water Program: Framework for Analysis and Water Quality Case Studies
    • Fischbach, J.R., Lempert, R.J., Molina-Perez, E., Tariq, A., Finucane, M., Hoss, F. (forthcoming). Using Robust Decision Making to Manage Climate and Other Uncertainties in EPA’s National Water Program: Framework for Analysis and Water Quality Case Studies. RAND Corporation.
    • RAND Corporation
    • Fischbach, J.R.1    Lempert, R.J.2    Molina-Perez, E.3    Tariq, A.4    Finucane, M.5    Hoss, F.6
  • 48
    • 84889256917 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The Value of Green Infrastructure for Urban Climate Adaptation
    • Washington, D.C
    • Foster, J., A. Lowe, and S. Winkelman (2011). "The Value of Green Infrastructure for Urban Climate Adaptation," Center for Clean Air Policy, Washington, D.C.
    • (2011) Center for Clean Air Policy
    • Foster, J.1    Lowe, A.2    Winkelman, S.3
  • 49
    • 84855201150 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A Nonstationary flood frequency analysis method to adjust for future climate change and urbanization
    • Gilroy, K.L. and McCuen, R.H. (2012). “A Nonstationary flood frequency analysis method to adjust for future climate change and urbanization.” J. of Hydrology, 414-415(11):40-48.
    • (2012) J. Of Hydrology , vol.414-415 , Issue.11 , pp. 40-48
    • Gilroy, K.L.1    McCuen, R.H.2
  • 50
    • 77956215461 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Addressing climate information needs at the regional level: The CORDEX framework
    • July 2009
    • Giorgi, F., Jones, C. and Asrar, G.R. (2009). “Addressing climate information needs at the regional level: the CORDEX framework.” WMO Bulletin 58 (3) (July 2009): 175-183.
    • (2009) WMO Bulletin , vol.58 , Issue.3 , pp. 175-183
    • Giorgi, F.1    Jones, C.2    Asrar, G.R.3
  • 51
    • 85006671783 scopus 로고
    • Designing for survival: The President introduces his long life/loose fit/low energy study
    • Gordon, Alex (1972). “Designing for survival: the President introduces his long life/loose fit/low energy study.” Royal Institute of British Architects Journal, vol. 79, no. 9, p. 374-376.
    • (1972) Royal Institute of British Architects Journal , vol.79 , Issue.9 , pp. 374-376
    • Gordon, A.1
  • 53
    • 59649121172 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Developing and Applying Uncertain Global Climate Change Projections for Regional Water Management Planning
    • 2008
    • Groves, D. G., D. Yates, and C. Tebaldi. (2008). “Developing and Applying Uncertain Global Climate Change Projections for Regional Water Management Planning,” Water Resources Research, 44, W12413, doi:10.1029/2008WR006964, 2008.
    • (2008) Water Resources Research , vol.44
    • Groves, D.G.1    Yates, D.2    Tebaldi, C.3
  • 54
    • 33846838684 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A New Analytic Method for Finding Policy-Relevant Scenarios
    • Groves, D.G. and Lempert, R.J. (2007). “A New Analytic Method for Finding Policy-Relevant Scenarios.” Global Environmental Change. 17 (1), 73-85.
    • (2007) Global Environmental Change , vol.17 , Issue.1 , pp. 73-85
    • Groves, D.G.1    Lempert, R.J.2
  • 55
    • 84977821053 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Adapting to a Changing Colorado River: Making Future Water Deliveries More Reliable Through Robust Management Strategies
    • Groves, D.G., Fischbach, J.R., Bloom, E., Knopman, D., Keefe R. (2013). Adapting to a Changing Colorado River: Making Future Water Deliveries More Reliable Through Robust Management Strategies. RAND Corporation.
    • (2013) RAND Corporation
    • Groves, D.G.1    Fischbach, J.R.2    Bloom, E.3    Knopman, D.4    Keefe, R.5
  • 56
    • 85030996741 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Presenting Uncertainty About Climate Change to Water-Resource Managers: A Summary of Workshops with the Inland Empire Utilities Agency
    • TR-505-NSF
    • Groves, D.G., Knopman, D., Lempert, R.J., Berry, S.H., and Wainfan, L. (2008). Presenting Uncertainty About Climate Change to Water-Resource Managers: A Summary of Workshops with the Inland Empire Utilities Agency. RAND Corporation, TR-505-NSF.
    • (2008) RAND Corporation
    • Groves, D.G.1    Knopman, D.2    Lempert, R.J.3    Berry, S.H.4    Wainfan, L.5
  • 58
    • 77949374840 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Hydropower and climate change-a reciprocal relation: Institutional energy issues in Switzerland
    • Hauenstein, W. (2005). “Hydropower and climate change-a reciprocal relation: Institutional energy issues in Switzerland.” Mountain Research and Development, 25(4), 321-325.
    • (2005) Mountain Research and Development , vol.25 , Issue.4 , pp. 321-325
    • Hauenstein, W.1
  • 59
    • 0003542005 scopus 로고
    • Technical Paper No. 40, Weather Bureau, U.S. Department of Commerce, Washington, D.C
    • Hershfield, David M., (1961). "Rainfall Frequency Atlas of the United States," Technical Paper No. 40, Weather Bureau, U.S. Department of Commerce, Washington, D.C.
    • (1961) Rainfall Frequency Atlas of the United States
    • Hershfield, D.M.1
  • 60
    • 27644473069 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Evidence and implications of recent climate change in northern Alaska and other arctic regions
    • Hinzman, L. D. et al. (28 co-authors). (2005). “Evidence and implications of recent climate change in northern Alaska and other arctic regions.” Climatic Change 72: 251-298
    • (2005) Climatic Change , vol.72 , pp. 251-298
    • Hinzman, L.D.1
  • 61
    • 84856877549 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Has the magnitude of floods across the USA changed with global CO2 levels?
    • Hirsch, R.M. and Ryberg, K.R., (2012). “Has the magnitude of floods across the USA changed with global CO2 levels?” Hydrological Sciences Journal, 57 (1), 1-9.
    • (2012) Hydrological Sciences Journal , vol.57 , Issue.1 , pp. 1-9
    • Hirsch, R.M.1    Ryberg, K.R.2
  • 62
    • 0016519777 scopus 로고
    • The Effect of Urbanization on Floods of Different Recurrence Interval
    • 3
    • Hollis, G.E., (1975). “The Effect of Urbanization on Floods of Different Recurrence Interval.” Wat. Resour. Res, Vol. 11, No. 3, 431-435.3
    • (1975) Wat. Resour. Res , vol.11 , Issue.3 , pp. 431-435
    • Hollis, G.E.1
  • 63
    • 0003633325 scopus 로고
    • Athens, GA. Environmental Research Laboratory, Office of Research and Development, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA)
    • Huber, W.C., and Dickinson, R.E. (1988). “Stormwater Management Model, Version 4, User’s Manual”, Athens, GA. Environmental Research Laboratory, Office of Research and Development, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA).
    • (1988) Stormwater Management Model, Version 4, Users Manual”
    • Huber, W.C.1    Dickinson, R.E.2
  • 66
    • 85031037003 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Institute for Sustainable Infrastructure (2012). Envision Rating System, http://www.sustainableinfrastructure.org/
    • (2012) Envision Rating System
  • 67
    • 85031018498 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • U.S. Port and Inland Waterways Modernization: Preparing for Post-Panamax Vessels
    • U.S. Army Corps of Engineers
    • Institute for Water Resources (IWR), (2012). “U.S. Port and Inland Waterways Modernization: Preparing for Post-Panamax Vessels,” Institute for Water Resources, U.S. Army Corps of Engineers
    • (2012) Institute for Water Resources
  • 68
    • 34247370602 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Contribution of Working Group I to the Fourth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change [Solomon, S., D. Qin, M. Manning, Z. Chen, M. Marquis, K.B. Averyt, M. Tignor and H.L. Miller (eds.)]. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, United Kingdom and New York, NY, USA
    • Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC). (2007a). Climate Change 2007: The Physical Science Basis. Contribution of Working Group I to the Fourth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change [Solomon, S., D. Qin, M. Manning, Z. Chen, M. Marquis, K.B. Averyt, M. Tignor and H.L. Miller (eds.)]. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, United Kingdom and New York, NY, USA, 996 pp.
    • (2007) Climate Change 2007: The Physical Science Basis , pp. 996
  • 69
    • 34247370602 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Contribution of Working Group II to the Fourth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change. Edited by M.L Parry, O.F. Canziani, J.P. Palutikof, P.J. van der Linden and C.E. Hanson. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press
    • Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC). (2007b). Climate Change 2007: Impacts, Adaptation and Vulnerability, Contribution of Working Group II to the Fourth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change. Edited by M.L Parry, O.F. Canziani, J.P. Palutikof, P.J. van der Linden and C.E. Hanson. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 976.
    • (2007) Climate Change 2007: Impacts, Adaptation and Vulnerability , pp. 976
  • 70
    • 53649108441 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Contribution of Working Groups I, II and III to the Fourth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change [Core Writing Team, Pachauri, R.K and Reisinger, A. (eds.)]. IPCC, Geneva, Switzerland
    • Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC). (2007c). Climate Change 2007: Synthesis Report. Contribution of Working Groups I, II and III to the Fourth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change [Core Writing Team, Pachauri, R.K and Reisinger, A. (eds.)]. IPCC, Geneva, Switzerland, 104 pp.
    • (2007) Climate Change 2007: Synthesis Report , pp. 104
  • 71
    • 84862978979 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A Special Report of Working Groups I and II of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change [Field, C.B., V. Barros, T.F. Stocker, D. Qin, D.J. Dokken, K.L. Ebi, M.D. Mastrandrea, K.J. Mach, G.-K. Plattner, S.K. Allen, M. Tignor, and P.M. Midgley (eds.)]. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, UK, and New York, NY, USA
    • Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC), (2012). Managing the Risks of Extreme Events and Disasters to Advance Climate Change Adaptation. A Special Report of Working Groups I and II of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change [Field, C.B., V. Barros, T.F. Stocker, D. Qin, D.J. Dokken, K.L. Ebi, M.D. Mastrandrea, K.J. Mach, G.-K. Plattner, S.K. Allen, M. Tignor, and P.M. Midgley (eds.)]. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, UK, and New York, NY, USA, 582 pp.
    • (2012) Managing the Risks of Extreme Events and Disasters to Advance Climate Change Adaptation , pp. 582
  • 72
    • 84921922692 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Contribution of Working Group II to the Fifth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change [Field, C.B., V.R. Barros, D.J. Dokken, K.J. Mach, M.D. Mastrandrea, T.E. Bilir, M. Chatteijee, K.L. Ebi, Y.O. Estrada, R.C. Genova, B. Girma, E.S. Kissel, A.N. Levy, S. MacCracken, P.R. Mastrandrea, and L.L. White (eds.)]. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, United Kingdom and New York, NY, USA
    • Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (2014). Climate Change 2014: Impacts, Adaptation, and Vulnerability. Part A: Global and Sectoral Aspects. Contribution of Working Group II to the Fifth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change [Field, C.B., V.R. Barros, D.J. Dokken, K.J. Mach, M.D. Mastrandrea, T.E. Bilir, M. Chatteijee, K.L. Ebi, Y.O. Estrada, R.C. Genova, B. Girma, E.S. Kissel, A.N. Levy, S. MacCracken, P.R. Mastrandrea, and L.L. White (eds.)]. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, United Kingdom and New York, NY, USA, 1132 pp.
    • (2014) Climate Change 2014: Impacts, Adaptation, and Vulnerability. Part A: Global and Sectoral Aspects , pp. 1132
  • 73
    • 5744247649 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • International Code Council (2012). International Building Code, http://shop.iccsafe.org/2012-international-building-code-1.html
    • (2012) International Building Code
  • 74
    • 84880329867 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Paris, France
    • International Energy Agency, (2007). World Energy Outlook 2007, Paris, France. Available at: http://www.worldenergyoutlook.org/media/weowebsite/2008-1994/WEO_2007.pdf
    • (2007) World Energy Outlook , pp. 2007
  • 76
    • 85031038537 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • International Upper Great Lakes Study Board (IUGLS), (n.d.). Climate Change Analysis Peer Review Submission; Available at http://www.iugls.org/files/tinymce/uploaded/PeerReview_pdfs/Climate%20Change%20Analysis %20Peer%20Review%20Submission%20-%20Final.pdf
    • Climate Change Analysis Peer Review Submission
  • 77
    • 85031039708 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Guide 73 Risk management -Vocabulary, Geneva
    • ISO (the International Organization for Standardization), (2009a). Guide 73 Risk management -Vocabulary, Geneva.
    • (2009)
  • 78
    • 85031004818 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Risk management -Principles and Guidelines, Geneva
    • ISO (the International Organization for Standardization), (2009b). 3100 Risk management -Principles and Guidelines, Geneva.
    • (2009) , pp. 3100
  • 80
    • 52949115123 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Spatial Analysis to quantify numerical model bias and dependence: How many climate models are there?
    • Jun, M., R. Knutti and D. W. Nychka (2008). “Spatial Analysis to quantify numerical model bias and dependence: How many climate models are there?” J. Amer. Statistical Assoc., 103(483), 934-947
    • (2008) J. Amer. Statistical Assoc , vol.103 , Issue.483 , pp. 934-947
    • Jun, M.1    Knutti, R.2    Nychka, D.W.3
  • 81
    • 0019540987 scopus 로고
    • On the Quantitative Definition of Risk
    • Kaplan, Stanley, and B. John Garrick, (1981). “On the Quantitative Definition of Risk,” Risk Analysis, 1(1): 11-27.
    • (1981) Risk Analysis , vol.1 , Issue.1 , pp. 11-27
    • Kaplan, S.1    John Garrick, B.2
  • 82
    • 34249007524 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A Wetland Hydrology and Water Quality Model Incorporating Surface/Ground Water Interactions
    • W04434
    • Kazezyilmaz-Alhan, C. M., M. A. Medina, Jr., and C. Richardson, (2007). “A Wetland Hydrology and Water Quality Model Incorporating Surface/Ground Water Interactions,” Water Resources Research, 43 (4), W04434, 1-16.
    • (2007) Water Resources Research , vol.43 , Issue.4 , pp. 1-16
    • Kazezyilmaz-Alhan, C.M.1    Medina, M.A.2    Richardson, C.3
  • 83
    • 84875747385 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Robustness and uncertainties in the new CMIP5 climate model projections
    • Knutti, R and Sedlâcek, J., (2013). “Robustness and uncertainties in the new CMIP5 climate model projections.” Nature Climate Change 3, 369-373
    • (2013) Nature Climate Change , vol.3 , pp. 369-373
    • Knutti, R.1    Sedlâcek, J.2
  • 84
    • 65249177886 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Dynamic modelling of water demand, water availability and adaptation strategies for power plants to global change
    • Koch, H., & Vogele, S. (2009). “Dynamic modelling of water demand, water availability and adaptation strategies for power plants to global change.” Ecological Economics, 68(7), 2031-2039. doi:10.1016/j.ecolecon.2009.02.015
    • (2009) Ecological Economics , vol.68 , Issue.7 , pp. 2031-2039
    • Koch, H.1    Vogele, S.2
  • 86
    • 79955463369 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cryostratigraphy of late Pleistocene syngenetic permafrost (Yedoma) in northern Alaska, Itkillik River exposure
    • Kanevskiy, M., Shur, Y., Fortier, D., Jorgenson, M. T., and Stephani, E. (2011). “Cryostratigraphy of late Pleistocene syngenetic permafrost (yedoma) in northern Alaska, Itkillik River exposure.” Quaternary Research, 75(3), 584-596.
    • (2011) Quaternary Research , vol.75 , Issue.3 , pp. 584-596
    • Kanevskiy, M.1    Shur, Y.2    Fortier, D.3    Jorgenson, M.T.4    Stephani, E.5
  • 87
    • 78549253442 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Climate change, nuclear power, and the adaptation-mitigation dilemma
    • Kopytko, N., and Perkins, J. (2011). “Climate change, nuclear power, and the adaptation-mitigation dilemma.” Energy Policy, 39(1), 318-333. doi:10.1016/j.enpol.2010.09.046
    • (2011) Energy Policy , vol.39 , Issue.1 , pp. 318-333
    • Kopytko, N.1    Perkins, J.2
  • 88
    • 84928096191 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Are climate model simulations useful for forecasting
    • 024009
    • Krakauer, N.Y. and Fekete, B.M. (2014). “Are climate model simulations useful for forecasting precipitation trends? Hindcast and synthetic-data experiments.” Environmental Research Letters, 9(2), 024009, doi:10.1088/1748-9326/9/2/024009.
    • Environmental Research Letters , vol.9 , Issue.2
    • Krakauer, N.Y.1    Fekete, B.M.2
  • 90
    • 33645811102 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A General, Analytic Method for Generating Robust Strategies & Narrative Scenarios
    • Lempert, R.J., Groves, D.G., Popper, S.W., and Bankes, S.C. (2006). “A General, Analytic Method for Generating Robust Strategies & Narrative Scenarios.” Management Science, 52 (4) 514-528.
    • (2006) Management Science , vol.52 , Issue.4 , pp. 514-528
    • Lempert, R.J.1    Groves, D.G.2    Popper, S.W.3    Bankes, S.C.4
  • 91
    • 84881022386 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Summer precipitation variability over the Southeastern United States
    • Li, L., Li, W., and Barros, A.P., (2013). “Summer precipitation variability over the Southeastern United States.” Climate Dynamics, DOI:10.1007/s00382-013-1697-9.
    • (2013) Climate Dynamics
    • Li, L.1    Li, W.2    Barros, A.P.3
  • 92
    • 33745887486 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Regional climate model downscaling of the U.S. Summer climate and future change
    • Liang, X.-Z., J. Pan, J. Zhu, K. E. Kunkel, J. X. L. Wang, and A. Dai (2006). “Regional climate model downscaling of the U.S. summer climate and future change.” J. Geophys. Res., 111, D10108, doi:10.1029/2005JD006685
    • (2006) J. Geophys. Res. , vol.111
    • Liang, X.-Z.1    Pan, J.2    Zhu, J.3    Kunkel, K.E.4    Wang, J.X.L.5    Dai, A.6
  • 93
    • 84882453474 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • What is Climate
    • Lovejoy, S. (2013). ‘What is Climate”, Eos Vol. 94, No. 1, 1-2.
    • (2013) Eos , vol.94 , Issue.1 , pp. 1-2
    • Lovejoy, S.1
  • 95
    • 84896469766 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The United States National Climate Assessment: Alaska Technical Regional Report
    • Markon, C. J., S. F. Trainor, and F. S. Chapin, eds. The United States National Climate Assessment: Alaska Technical Regional Report. USGS Circular 1379, (2012).
    • (2012) USGS Circular 1379
    • Markon, C.J.1    Trainor, S.F.2    Chapin, F.S.3
  • 106
    • 84887279169 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • National Academies Press, Washington, DC
    • National Research Council (NRC) Committee on a National Strategy for Advancing Climate Modeling; Board on Atmospheric Studies and Climate; Division on Earth and Life Studies, (2012). A National Strategy for Advancing Climate Modeling, National Academies Press, Washington, DC
    • (2012) A National Strategy for Advancing Climate Modeling
  • 108
    • 84904724806 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • assessed October 9, 2012
    • National Snow and Ice Data Center (NSIDC), (2012). Arctic Climatology and Meteorology Glossary (http://nsidc.org/arcticmet/glossary/weather.html; assessed October 9, 2012).
    • (2012) Arctic Climatology and Meteorology Glossary
  • 109
    • 84928925840 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • accessed on March 14, 2013
    • National Weather Service (NWS), National Weather Service Glossary http://w1.weather.gov/glossary/; accessed on March 14, 2013.
    • National Weather Service Glossary
  • 112
    • 34548363966 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Characteristics of the recent warming of permafrost in Alaska
    • Osterkamp, T. E. (2007). “Characteristics of the recent warming of permafrost in Alaska.” Journal of Geophysical Research: Earth Surface (2003-2012), 112(F2).
    • (2007) Journal of Geophysical Research: Earth Surface , vol.112 , Issue.F2
    • Osterkamp, T.E.1
  • 113
    • 28444491503 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The recent warming of permafrost in Alaska
    • Osterkamp, T.E., (2005). “The recent warming of permafrost in Alaska.” Global Planet. Change, 49, 187-202, doi: 10.1016/j.gloplacha.2005.09.001.
    • (2005) Global Planet. Change , vol.49 , pp. 187-202
    • Osterkamp, T.E.1
  • 115
    • 0014520060 scopus 로고
    • Advantages and limitations of the Observational Method in applied soil mechanics
    • 3
    • Peck, Ralph B. (1969). “Advantages and limitations of the Observational Method in applied soil mechanics”, Geotechnique, 19(2), pp 171-187 3.
    • (1969) Geotechnique , vol.19 , Issue.2 , pp. 171-187
    • Peck, R.B.1
  • 116
    • 79955369900 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • On the effective number of climate models
    • Pennell, C., and T. Reichler (2011).” On the effective number of climate models.” Journal of Climate 24: 2358-2367.
    • (2011) Journal of Climate , vol.24 , pp. 2358-2367
    • Pennell, C.1    Reichler, T.2
  • 118
    • 85031004308 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Climate Change and Navigation - Waterborne transport, ports and waterways: A review of climate change drivers, impacts, responses and mitigation
    • Available at
    • PIANC (2008). “Climate Change and Navigation - Waterborne transport, ports and waterways: A review of climate change drivers, impacts, responses and mitigation.” EnviCom - Task Group 3, PIANC. Available at: http://www.pianc.org/downloads/envicom/envicom-free-tg3.pdf
    • (2008) Envicom - Task Group 3, PIANC
  • 119
    • 84915815174 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Introduction
    • (Chapter E.1) in Kabat, P., Claussen, M., Dirmeyer, P.A., J.H.C. Gash, L. Bravo de Guenni, M. Meybeck, R.A. Pielke Sr., C.J. Vorosmarty, R.W.A. Hutjes, and S. Lutkemeier, Editors, Springer, Berlin, Global Change - The IGBP Series
    • Pielke, R.A., Sr., (2004). “Introduction,” (Chapter E.1) in Kabat, P., Claussen, M., Dirmeyer, P.A., J.H.C. Gash, L. Bravo de Guenni, M. Meybeck, R.A. Pielke Sr., C.J. Vorosmarty, R.W.A. Hutjes, and S. Lutkemeier, Editors, Vegetation, water, humans and the climate: A new perspective on an interactive system. Springer, Berlin, Global Change - The IGBP Series, pp. 485-490.
    • (2004) Vegetation, Water, Humans and the Climate: A New Perspective on an Interactive System , pp. 485-490
    • Pielke, R.A.1
  • 121
    • 77955571078 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Scenario-neutral approach to climate change impact studies: Application to flood risk
    • Prudhomme, C., R.L. Wilby, S. Crooks, A.L. Kay, and N.S. Reynard, (2010). “Scenario-neutral approach to climate change impact studies: Application to flood risk.” Journal of Hydrology 390 198-209.
    • (2010) Journal of Hydrology , vol.390 , pp. 198-209
    • Prudhomme, C.1    Wilby, R.L.2    Crooks, S.3    Kay, A.L.4    Reynard, N.S.5
  • 123
    • 77950686697 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Contribution of Working Group I to the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change. Edited by S. Solomon, et al. Cambridge, U.K. and New York, NY U.S.A.: Cambridge University Press
    • Randall, D.A., et al, 2007. The Physical Basis. Contribution of Working Group I to the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change. Edited by S. Solomon, et al. Cambridge, U.K. and New York, NY U.S.A.: Cambridge University Press.
    • (2007) The Physical Basis
    • Randall, D.A.1
  • 124
    • 67651021939 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Climate change and its impact on structural safety
    • also from TNO Built Environment and Geosciences, The Netherlands Organization for Applied Scientific Research TNO, P.O. Box 49, 2600 AA, Delft, The Netherlands, accessed on March 4, 2014
    • Raphaël, D.J.M., Steenbergen, C.P.W., Geurts, C.A., and van Bentum, (2009). “Climate change and its impact on structural safety.” HERON Vol. 54 (2009) No. 1, also from TNO Built Environment and Geosciences, The Netherlands Organization for Applied Scientific Research TNO, P.O. Box 49, 2600 AA, Delft, The Netherlands. See http://www.concretonline.com/pdf/lotes_articulos/Construccion/Climate_change01.pdf accessed on March 4, 2014.
    • (2009) HERON , vol.54 , Issue.1
    • Raphaël, D.J.M.1    Steenbergen, C.P.W.2    Geurts, C.A.3    Bentum, S.4
  • 125
    • 77956107713 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Permafrost thermal state in the polar Northern Hemisphere during the international polar year 2007-2009: A synthesis
    • Romanovsky, V. E., Smith, S. L. and Christiansen, H. H. (2010). “Permafrost thermal state in the polar Northern Hemisphere during the international polar year 2007-2009: a synthesis.” Permafrost Periglac. Process, 21: 106-116. doi: 10.1002/pp.689.
    • (2010) Permafrost Periglac. Process , vol.21 , pp. 106-116
    • Romanovsky, V.E.1    Smith, S.L.2    Christiansen, H.H.3
  • 126
    • 84896388927 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Review of Current Issues and Trends.” Issues paper prepared for Cities and Climate Change: Global Report on Human Settlements
    • Romero Lankao, P., (2008). “Urban Areas and Climate Change: Review of Current Issues and Trends.” Issues paper prepared for Cities and Climate Change: Global Report on Human Settlements 2011, 101pp.
    • (2008) “Urban Areas and Climate Change , pp. 101
    • Romero Lankao, P.1
  • 131
    • 84865767546 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The hindcast skill of the CMIP ensembles for the surface air temperature trend
    • Sakaguchi, K., X. Zeng, and M. A. Brunke, (2012). “The hindcast skill of the CMIP ensembles for the surface air temperature trend,” J. Geophys. Res., 117, D16113, doi:10.1029/2012JD017765.
    • (2012) J. Geophys. Res. , vol.117
    • Sakaguchi, K.1    Zeng, X.2    Brunke, M.A.3
  • 136
    • 84856532455 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Energy sector vulnerability to climate change: A review
    • Schaeffer, R. et al. (2012). “Energy sector vulnerability to climate change: A review.” Energy, 38(1), 112. doi:10.1016/j.energy.2011.11.056
    • (2012) Energy , vol.38 , Issue.1 , pp. 112
    • Schaeffer, R.1
  • 138
    • 84928053849 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Changes in climate extremes and their impacts on the natural physical environment
    • [Field, C.B., V. Barros, T.F. Stocker, D. Qin, D.J. Dokken, K.L. Ebi, M.D. Mastrandrea, K.J. Mach, G.-K. Plattner, S.K. Allen, M. Tignor, and P.M. Midgley (eds.)]. A Special Report of Working Groups I and II of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC). Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, UK, and New York, NY, USA
    • Seneviratne, S.I., N. Nicholls, D. Easterling, C.M. Goodess, S. Kanae, J. Kossin, Y. Luo, J. Marengo, K. McInnes, M. Rahimi, M. Reichstein, A. Sorteberg, C. Vera, and X. Zhang, (2012). “Changes in climate extremes and their impacts on the natural physical environment.” In: Managing the Risks of Extreme Events and Disasters to Advance Climate Change Adaptation [Field, C.B., V. Barros, T.F. Stocker, D. Qin, D.J. Dokken, K.L. Ebi, M.D. Mastrandrea, K.J. Mach, G.-K. Plattner, S.K. Allen, M. Tignor, and P.M. Midgley (eds.)]. A Special Report of Working Groups I and II of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC). Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, UK, and New York, NY, USA, pp. 109-230.
    • (2012) Managing the Risks of Extreme Events and Disasters to Advance Climate Change Adaptation , pp. 109-230
    • Seneviratne, S.I.1    Nicholls, N.2    Easterling, D.3    Goodess, C.M.4    Kanae, S.5    Kossin, J.6    Luo, Y.7    Marengo, J.8    McInnes, K.9    Rahimi, M.10    Reichstein, M.11    Sorteberg, A.12    Vera, C.13    Zhang, X.14
  • 140
    • 33947162627 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Patterns of permafrost formation and degradation in relation to climate and ecosystems
    • Shur, Y. L. and Jorgenson, M. T. (2007). “Patterns of permafrost formation and degradation in relation to climate and ecosystems.” PermafrostPeriglac. Process., 18: 7-19. doi: 10.1002/ppp.582.
    • (2007) Permafrostperiglac. Process. , vol.18 , pp. 7-19
    • Shur, Y.L.1    Jorgenson, M.T.2
  • 141
    • 69949130290 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Active-layer characteristics and summer climatic indices, Mackenzie Valley, Northwest Territories, Canada
    • Smith, S.L., Wolfe, S.A., Riseborough, D.W. and Nixon, F.M. (2009). “Active-layer characteristics and summer climatic indices, Mackenzie Valley, Northwest Territories, Canada.” Permafrost Periglacial Proc, 20, 201-220, doi:10.1002/pp.651
    • (2009) Permafrost Periglacial Proc , vol.20 , pp. 201-220
    • Smith, S.L.1    Wolfe, S.A.2    Riseborough, D.W.3    Nixon, F.M.4
  • 144
    • 79251482978 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Estimating Uncertainty in Future Climate Projections
    • edited by J. Rolf Olsen, Julie Kiang and Reagan Waskom. Colorado Water Information, Series No. 109
    • Stainforth, D., (2010). "Estimating Uncertainty in Future Climate Projections." In Proceedings of the Workshop on Nonstationarity, Hydrologic Frequency Analysis and Water Management, edited by J. Rolf Olsen, Julie Kiang and Reagan Waskom. Colorado Water Information, Series No. 109.
    • (2010) Proceedings of The
    • Stainforth, D.1
  • 146
    • 83055172715 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Pragmatic Approaches for Water Management Under Climate Change
    • Stakhiv, Eugene Z., 2011. “Pragmatic Approaches for Water Management Under Climate Change Uncertainty.” Journal of the American Water Resources Association (JAWRA) 47(6):1183-1196. DOI: 10.1111/j.1752 1688.2011.00589.x
    • (2011) Journal of the American Water Resources Association (JAWRA) , vol.47 , Issue.6 , pp. 1183-1196
    • Stakhiv, E.Z.1
  • 147
    • 0003260982 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Earlier spring snowmelt in northern Alaska as an indicator of climate change
    • Stone, R. S., Dutton, E. G., Harris, J. M., and Longenecker, D. (2002). “Earlier spring snowmelt in northern Alaska as an indicator of climate change,” J. Geophys. Res. 107(D10)10.102912000JDOOO286.
    • (2002) J. Geophys. Res , vol.107 , Issue.D10
    • Stone, R.S.1    Dutton, E.G.2    Harris, J.M.3    Longenecker, D.4
  • 149
    • 33645462019 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Canadian Arctic Permafrost Observatories: Detecting contemporary climate change through inversion of subsurface temperature time series
    • Taylor, A.E., K. Wang, S.L. Smith, M.M. Burgess, and A.S. Judge, (2006). “Canadian Arctic Permafrost Observatories: Detecting contemporary climate change through inversion of subsurface temperature time series.” Journal of Geophysical Research - Solid Earth, 111, B02411.
    • (2006) Journal of Geophysical Research - Solid Earth , vol.111
    • Taylor, A.E.1    Wang, K.2    Smith, S.L.3    Burgess, M.M.4    Judge, A.S.5
  • 150
    • 84860684669 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • An Overview of CMIP5 and the Experimental Design
    • 2012
    • Taylor, K.E., Stouffer, R.J., and G.A. Meehl. (2012). “An Overview of CMIP5 and the Experimental Design,” Bull. Amer. Meteor. Soc., 93, 485-498, doi:10.1175/BAMS-D-11-00094.1, 2012.
    • (2012) Bull. Amer. Meteor. Soc , vol.93 , pp. 485-498
    • Taylor, K.E.1    Stouffer, R.J.2    Meehl, G.A.3
  • 151
    • 34547177691 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The use of the multi-model ensemble in probabilistic climate projections
    • Tebaldi, C., and R. Knuuti, (2007). “The use of the multi-model ensemble in probabilistic climate projections,” Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society A 365: 2053-2075.
    • (2007) Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society A , vol.365 , pp. 2053-2075
    • Tebaldi, C.1    Knuuti, R.2
  • 153
    • 33845285224 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Increasing magnitudes and frequencies of extreme precipitation events used for hydraulic analysis in the Midwest
    • Todd, C.E. Davis, Harbor, J.M., and B. Tyner (2006). "Increasing magnitudes and frequencies of extreme precipitation events used for hydraulic analysis in the Midwest," Journal of Soil and Water Conservation, (61) 4, 179-184.
    • (2006) Journal of Soil and Water Conservation , vol.4 , Issue.61 , pp. 179-184
    • Todd, C.E.D.1    Harbor, J.M.2    Tyner, B.3
  • 154
    • 45949093924 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Transportation Research Board Special Report 290, Washington D.C
    • Transportation Research Board (TRB), (2008). Potential Impacts of Climate Change on U.S. Transportation, Transportation Research Board Special Report 290, Washington D.C.
    • (2008) Potential Impacts of Climate Change on U.S.
  • 155
    • 84960847135 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • National Cooperative Highway Research Program, Transportation Research Board, Washington D.C
    • Transportation Research Board (TRB), (2014). Strategic Issues Facing Transportation, Volume 2: Climate Change, Extreme Weather Events and the Highway System: Practitioner’s Guide and Research Report, National Cooperative Highway Research Program, Transportation Research Board, Washington D.C.
    • (2014) Strategic Issues Facing Transportation , vol.2
  • 156
    • 84866344891 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Improving Policy for Stormwater Management: Implications for Climate Change Adaptation
    • American Meteorological Society
    • Tryhorn, Lee (2010). “Improving Policy for Stormwater Management: Implications for Climate Change Adaptation,” Weather, Climate and Society, American Meteorological Society, Vol. 2, 113-126.
    • (2010) Weather, Climate and Society , vol.2 , pp. 113-126
    • Tryhorn, L.1
  • 157
    • 85030986196 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • (Construction Industry Research and Information Association) Guide
    • UK CIRIA (Construction Industry Research and Information Association) Guide 185, (1999).
    • (1999) , vol.185
  • 158
    • 84862618255 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • UK Department for Environment, Food, and Rural Affairs (DEFRA), London
    • United Kingdom Climate Change Risk Assessment (2012). Climate Change Risk Assessment. UK Department for Environment, Food, and Rural Affairs (DEFRA), London. https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/uk-climate-change-risk-assessment-government-report
    • (2012) Climate Change Risk Assessment
  • 159
    • 85030977350 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Coastal Engineering Manual, Part V, Ch. 3
    • EM 1110-2-1100
    • U.S. Army Corps of Engineers (USACE) (2008). Coastal Engineering Manual, Part V, Ch. 3, “Shore Protection Projects,” EM 1110-2-1100.
    • (2008) Shore Protection Projects
  • 160
    • 84870516625 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • IWR Report 05-NETS-R-12
    • U.S. Army Corps of Engineers (USACE), (2005). An Overview of the U.S. Inland Waterway System, IWR Report 05-NETS-R-12, available at http://www.corpsnets.us/docs/other/05-NETS-R-12.pdf
    • (2005) An Overview of the U.S. Inland Waterway System
  • 161
    • 84870652559 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • U.S. Army Corps of Engineers (USACE), (2009). Inland Waterway Navigation Value to the Nation, available at http://www.corpsresults.us/docs/navigation/VTNInlandNavBro_lores.pdf
    • (2009) Inland Waterway Navigation Value to the Nation
  • 162
    • 85030979097 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • ER 1100-2-8162
    • U.S. Army Corps of Engineers (USACE) (2013). “Incorporating Sea-level Change Considerations in Civil Works Programs,” ER 1100-2-8162, available at http://www.publications.usace.army.mil/Portals/76/Publications/EngineerRegulations/ER_1100-2-8162.pdf
    • (2013) Incorporating Sea-Level Change Considerations In
  • 165
    • 77958589943 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Flood peak distributions for the eastern United States
    • Villarini, G., and Smith, J.A., (2010). “Flood peak distributions for the eastern United States,” Water Resour. Res, 46, W06504, doi:10.1029/2009WR008395.
    • (2010) Water Resour. Res , vol.46
    • Villarini, G.1    Smith, J.A.2
  • 166
    • 67650596615 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Flood frequency analysis for nonstationary annual peak records in an urban drainage basin
    • Villarini, G., Smith, J.A., Serinaldi, F., Bales, J., Bates, P.D., Krajewski, W.F., (2009). “Flood frequency analysis for nonstationary annual peak records in an urban drainage basin.” Adv. Water Resour. 32, 1255-1266.
    • (2009) Adv. Water Resour. , vol.32 , pp. 1255-1266
    • Villarini, G.1    Smith, J.A.2    Serinaldi, F.3    Bales, J.4    Bates, P.D.5    Krajewski, W.F.6
  • 168
    • 85030974644 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Incorporation of Global Climate Model Projections in a Probabilistic Analysis of Thaw Penetration
    • Vinson, T. and Bae, Y.-S. (2005). “Incorporation of Global Climate Model Projections in a Probabilistic Analysis of Thaw Penetration,” Journal of Glaciology and Geocryology, 27(1), pp. 8-16.
    • (2005) Journal of Glaciology and Geocryology , vol.27 , Issue.1 , pp. 8-16
    • Vinson, T.1    Bae, Y.-S.2
  • 169
    • 33746404413 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cryosphere and hydrology
    • Cambridge Univesity Press, Cambridge, UK
    • Walsh, J., (2005). “Cryosphere and hydrology.” In Arctic Climate Impact Assessment. Cambridge Univesity Press, Cambridge, UK, pp. 183-242.
    • (2005) Arctic Climate Impact Assessment , pp. 183-242
    • Walsh, J.1
  • 172
    • 0001917502 scopus 로고
    • The Effect of Changing Climate on the Frequency of Absolute Extreme Events
    • Wigley, T. M. L., (1988). “The Effect of Changing Climate on the Frequency of Absolute Extreme Events,” Climate Monitoring 17, 44-55.
    • (1988) Climate Monitoring , vol.17 , pp. 44-55
    • Wigley, T.M.L.1
  • 173
    • 84908040535 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Technical Report for the US Department of Energy in Support of the National Climate Assessment. Washington, DC: Island Press
    • Wilbanks, T. J., Bilello, D., Schmalzer D., Scott, M. (Lead Authors) (2013). Climate Change and Energy Supply and Use: Technical Report for the US Department of Energy in Support of the National Climate Assessment. Washington, DC: Island Press.
    • (2013) Climate Change and Energy Supply and Use
    • Wilbanks, T.J.1    Bilello, D.2    Schmalzer, D.3    Scott, M.4
  • 174
    • 84908040535 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Technical Report for the US Department of Energy in Support of the National Climate Assessment. Washington, DC: Island Press
    • Wilbanks, T. J., Fernandez, S. (Coordinating Lead Authors) (2013). Climate Change and Infrastructure, Urban Systems, and Vulnerabilities: Technical Report for the US Department of Energy in Support of the National Climate Assessment. Washington, DC: Island Press.
    • (2013) Climate Change and Infrastructure, Urban Systems, and Vulnerabilities
    • Wilbanks, T.J.1    Fernandez, S.2
  • 176
    • 84933554075 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Bridging the gap between climate change and structural engineering practice
    • October
    • Wright, R., Ayyub, B., Lombardo F. (2013). “Bridging the gap between climate change and structural engineering practice.” Structure. October 2013.
    • (2013) Structure
    • Wright, R.1    Ayyub, B.2    Lombardo, F.3
  • 177
    • 79952722869 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Changes in active layer thickness over the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau from 1995 to 2007
    • Wu, Q., and Zhang, T. (2010). “Changes in active layer thickness over the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau from 1995 to 2007.” J. Geophys. Res, 115, D09107, doi:10.1029/2009JD012974
    • (2010) J. Geophys. Res , vol.115
    • Wu, Q.1    Zhang, T.2
  • 178
    • 84900032950 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Severe Weather in United States Under a Changing Climate
    • American Geophysical Union
    • Wuebbles, D.J., K. Kunkel, M. Wehner, and Zobel Z., (2014). “Severe Weather in United States Under a Changing Climate,” Eos, American Geophysical Union, Vol. 95, No. 16, pp. 149-156.
    • (2014) Eos , vol.95 , Issue.16 , pp. 149-156
    • Wuebbles, D.J.1    Kunkel, K.2    Wehner, M.3    Zobel, Z.4
  • 179
    • 33244469276 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Influence of the seasonal snow cover on the ground thermal regime: An overview
    • RG4002
    • Zhang, T. (2005). “Influence of the seasonal snow cover on the ground thermal regime: An overview.” Rev. Geophys, 43, RG4002, doi:10.1029/2004RG000157.
    • (2005) Rev. Geophys , vol.43
    • Zhang, T.1
  • 181
    • 77955807819 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Thermal state of permafrost and active layer in Central Asia during the international polar year
    • Zhao, L., Wu, Q., Marchenko, S., and Sharkhuu, N. (2010). “Thermal state of permafrost and active layer in Central Asia during the international polar year.” Permafrost Periglacial Proc, 21, 198-207, doi:10.1002/pp.688
    • (2010) Permafrost Periglacial Proc , vol.21 , Issue.198-207 , pp. 688
    • Zhao, L.1    Wu, Q.2    Marchenko, S.3    Sharkhuu, N.4


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.