Shikonin protects against obesity through the modulation of adipogenesis, lipogenesis, and β-oxidation in vivo

Journal of Functional Foods

Volumn 16, Issue , 2015, Pages 484-493

  Gwon, So Young ^a,b   Choi, Won Hee ^c   Lee, Da Hye ^c   Ahn, Ji Yun ^a,c   Jung, Chang Hwa ^a,c   Moon, BoKyung ^d   Ha, Tae Youl ^a,c  

^a Korea Food Research Institute   (South Korea)

^b National Food Safety Information Service   (South Korea)

^c University of Science and Technology (UST)   (South Korea)

^d Chung Ang University   (South Korea)

Author keywords

Adipogenesis; Anti obesity; Fatty acid oxidation; Lipogenesis; Mice; Shikonin

Indexed keywords

LITHOSPERMUM ERYTHRORHIZON; MUS;

EID: 84937560984     PISSN: 17564646     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2015.04.040     Document Type: Article

References (43)

1. Alessi M.C., Bastelica D., Morange P., Berthet B., Leduc I., Verdier M., Geel O., Juhan-Vague I. Plasminogen activator inhibitor 1, transforming growth factor-beta1, and BMI are closely associated in human adipose tissue during morbid obesity. Diabetes 2000, 49:1374-1380.
2. Amy C.M., Williams-Ahlf B., Naggert J., Smith S. Molecular cloning of the mammalian fatty acid synthase gene and identification of the promoter region. The Biochemical Journal 1990, 271:675-679.
3. Andújar I., Ríos J.L., Giner R.M., Recio M.C. Pharmacological properties of shikonin - A review of literature since 2002. Planta Medica 2013, 79:1685-1697.
4. Chen X., Yang L., Oppenheim J.J., Howard M.Z. Cellular pharmacology studies of shikonin derivatives. Phytotherapy Research 2002, 16:199-209.
5. Choi C.S., Savage D.B., Abu-Elheiga L., Liu Z.X., Kim S., Kulkarni A., Shulman G.I. Continuous fat oxidation in acetyl-CoA carboxylase 2 knockout mice increases total energy expenditure, reduces fat mass, and improves insulin sensitivity. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 2007, 104:16480-16485.
6. Evans R.M., Barish G.D., Wang Y.X. PPARs and the complex journey to obesity. Nature Medicine 2004, 10:355-361.
7. Folch J., Lees M., Sloane Stanley G.H. A simple method for the isolation and purification of total lipides from animal tissues. Journal of Biological Chemistry 1957, 226:497-509.
8. Girard J., Perdereau D., Foufelle F., Prip-Buus C., Ferre P. Regulation of lipogenic enzyme gene expression by nutrients and hormones. FASEB Journal 1994, 8:36-42.
9. Gurevich-Panigrahi T., Panigrahi S., Wiechec E., Los M. Obesity: Pathophysiology and clinical management. Current Medicinal Chemistry 2009, 16:506-521.
10. Gwon S.Y., Ahn J.Y., Chung C.H., Moon B., Ha T.Y. Lithospermum erythrorhizon suppresses high-fat diet-induced obesity, and acetylshikonin, a main compound of Lithospermum erythrorhizon, inhibits adipocyte differentiation. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry 2012, 60:9089-9096.
11. Gwon S.Y., Ahn J.Y., Jung C.H., Moon B.K., Ha T.Y. Shikonin suppresses ERK 1/2 phosphorylation during the early stages of adipocyte differentiation in 3T3-L1 cells. BMC Complementary Alternative Medicine 2013, 13:207.
12. Hajer G.R., van Haeften T.W., Visseren F.L. Adipose tissue dysfunction in obesity, diabetes, and vascular diseases. European Heart Journal 2008, 29:2959-2971.
13. Hotamisligil G.S. Inflammation and metabolic disorders. Nature 2006, 444:860-867.
14. Johnson E.F., Palmer C.N., Hsu M.H. The peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor: Transcriptional activation of the CYP4A6 gene. Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences 1996, 804:373-386.
15. Kamei R., Kitagawa Y., Kadokura M., Hattori F., Hazeki O., Ebina Y., Oikawa S. Shikonin stimulates glucose uptake in 3T3-L1 adipocytes via an insulin-independent tyrosine kinase pathway. Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications 2002, 292:642-651.
16. Karastergiou K., Mohamed-Ali V. The autocrine and paracrine roles of adipokines. Molecular and Cellular Endocrinology 2010, 318:69-78.
17. Knight Z.A., Hannan K.S., Greenberg M.L., Friedman J.M. Hyperleptinemia is required for the development of leptin resistance. PLoS ONE 2010, 5(6):e11376.
18. Kopelman P.G. Obesity as a medical problem. Nature 2000, 404:635-643.
19. Lee H., Bae S., Kim K., Kim W., Chung S.-I., Yang Y., Yoon Y. Shikonin inhibits adipogenesis by modulation of the WNT/β-catenin pathway. Life Sciences 2011, 88:294-301.
20. Lee H., Kang R., Yoon Y. Shikonin inhibits fat accumulation in 3T3-L1 adipocytes. Phytotherapy Research 2010, 24:344-351.
21. McGarry J.D., Brown N.F. The mitochondrial carnitine palmitoyltransferase system. From concept to molecular analysis. European Journal of Biochemistry 1997, 244:1-14.
22. Muoio D.M., Newgard C.B. Obesity-related derangements in metabolic regulation. Annual Review of Biochemistry 2006, 75:367-401.
23. Mutch N.J., Wilson H.M., Booth N.A. Plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 and haemostasis in obesity. Proceedings of the Nutrition Society 2001, 60:341-347.
24. Oberg A.I., Yassin K., Csikasz R.I., Dehvari N., Shabalina I.G., Hutchinson D.S., Bengtsson T. Shikonin increases glucose uptake in skeletal muscle cells and improves plasma glucose levels in diabetic Goto-Kakizaki rats. PLoS ONE 2011, 6:e22510.
25. Ohman M.K., Eitzman D.T. Targeting MCP-1 to reduce vascular complications of obesity. Recent Patents on Cardiovascular Drug Discovery 2009, 4:164-176.
26. Ozaki Y., Ohno A., Saito Y., Satake M. Accelerative effect of shikonin, alkannin and acetylshikonin on the proliferation of granulation tissue in rats. Biological and Pharmaceutical Bulletin 1994, 17:1075-1077.
27. Papageorgiou V.P., Assimopoulou A.N., Ballis A.C. Alkannins and shikonins: A new class of wound healing agents. Current Medicinal Chemistry 2008, 15:3248-3267.
28. Papageorgiou V.P., Assimopoulou A.N., Couladouros E.A., Hepworth D., Nicolaou K.C. Chemistry and biology of alkannin, shikonin and related naphthazarin natural products. Angewandte Chemie International Edition 1999, 38:270-301.
29. Papageorgiou V.P., Assimopoulou A.N., Samanidou V.F., Papadoyannis I. Recent advances in chemistry, biology and biotechnology of alkannins and shikonins. Current Organic Chemistry 2006, 10:2123-2142.
30. Perdomo G., Commerford S.R., Richard A.M., Adams S.H., Corkey B.E., O'Doherty R.M., Brown N.F. Increased beta-oxidation in muscle cells enhances insulin-stimulated glucose metabolism and protects against fatty acid-induced insulin resistance despite intramyocellular lipid accumulation. Journal of Biological Chemistry 2004, 279:27177-27186.
31. Prins J.B., O'Rahilly S. Regulation of adipose cell number in man. Clinical Science (London, England: 1979) 1997, 92:3-11.
32. Rayalam S., Della-Fera M.A., Baile C.A. Phytochemicals and regulation of the adipocyte life cycle. The Journal of Nutritional Biochemistry 2008, 19:717-726.
33. Recio M.C., Andujar I., Rios J.L. Anti-inflammatory agents from plants: Progress and potential. Current Medicinal Chemistry 2012, 19:2088-2103.
34. Reddy J.K., Goel S.K., Nemali M.R., Carrino J.J., Laffler T.G., Reddy M.K. Transcription regulation of peroxisomal fatty acyl-CoA oxidase and enoyl-CoA hydratase/3-hydroxyacyl-CoA dehydrogenase in rat liver by peroxisome proliferators. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 1986, 83:1747-1751.
35. Rosen E.D., Hsu C.H., Wang X., Sakai S., Freeman M.W., Gonzalez F.J., Spiegelman B.M. C/EBPalpha induces adipogenesis through PPARgamma: A unified pathway. Genes & Development 2002, 16:22-26.
36. Rosen E.D., Spiegelman B.M. Molecular regulation of adipogenesis. Annual Review of Cell and Developmental Biology 2000, 16:145-171.
37. Rosen E.D., Spiegelman B.M. Adipocytes as regulators of energy balance and glucose homeostasis. Nature 2006, 444:847-853.
38. Seto Y., Motoyoshi S., Nakamura H., Imuta J., Ishitoku T., Isayama S. [Effect of shikonin and its derivatives, pentaacetylated shikonin (MDS-004) on granuloma formation and delayed-type allergy in experimental animals]. Yakugaku Zasshi: Journal of the Pharmaceutical Society of Japan 1992, 112:259-271.
39. Vázquez-Vela M.E.F., Torres N., Tovar A.R. White adipose tissue as endocrine organ and its role in obesity. Archives of Medical Research 2008, 39:715-728.
40. Weisberg S.P., McCann D., Desai M., Rosenbaum M., Leibel R.L., Ferrante A.W. Obesity is associated with macrophage accumulation in adipose tissue. The Journal of Clinical Investigation 2003, 112:1796-1808.
41. Wiench B., Eichhorn T., Paulsen M., Efferth T. Shikonin directly targets mitochondria and causes mitochondrial dysfunction in cancer cells. Evidence-based Complementary and Alternative Medicine 2012, 2012:726025.
42. Windmueller H.G., Spaeth A.E. De novo synthesis of fatty acid in perfused rat liver as a determinant of plasma lipoprotein production. Archives of Biochemistry and Biophysics 1967, 122:362-369.
43. Wu Z., Rosen E.D., Brun R., Hauser S., Adelmant G., Troy A.E., Spiegelman B.M. Cross-regulation of C/EBP alpha and PPAR gamma controls the transcriptional pathway of adipogenesis and insulin sensitivity. Molecular Cell 1999, 3:151-158.