Prospective cohort feasibility study of a transdiagnostic group intervention for common mental health problems: The Take Control Course

Psychology and Psychotherapy: Theory, Research and Practice

Volumn 89, Issue 2, 2016, Pages 163-180

  Morris, Lydia ^a   Mansell, Warren ^a   Emsley, Richard ^a   Bates, Rachel ^b   Comiskey, Jody ^b   Pistorius, Emma ^b   McEvoy, Phil ^b  

^a UNIVERSITY OF MANCHESTER   (United Kingdom)

^b Six Degrees Social Enterprise   (United Kingdom)

Author keywords

anxiety; depression; group intervention; primary care; transdiagnostic

Indexed keywords

ADULT; ANXIETY DISORDERS; CONTROLLED CLINICAL TRIAL; CONTROLLED STUDY; DEPRESSIVE DISORDER; ENGLAND; FEASIBILITY STUDY; FEMALE; GROUP THERAPY; HUMAN; MALE; MENTAL HEALTH; MIDDLE AGED; PROCEDURES; PROSPECTIVE STUDY; PSYCHOLOGICAL RATING SCALE; PSYCHOTHERAPY; STATISTICAL MODEL; TREATMENT OUTCOME;

ADULT; ANXIETY DISORDERS; DEPRESSIVE DISORDER; ENGLAND; FEASIBILITY STUDIES; FEMALE; HUMANS; LOGISTIC MODELS; MALE; MENTAL HEALTH; MIDDLE AGED; PROSPECTIVE STUDIES; PSYCHIATRIC STATUS RATING SCALES; PSYCHOTHERAPY; PSYCHOTHERAPY, GROUP; TREATMENT OUTCOME;

EID: 84937468527     PISSN: 14760835     EISSN: 20448341     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1111/papt.12070     Document Type: Article

References (96)

1. Aderka, I. M., Nickerson, A., Bøe, H. J., &, Hofmann, S. G., (2012). Sudden gains during psychological treatments of anxiety and depression: A meta-analysis. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 80 (1), 93-101. doi: 10.1037/a0026455
2. Aldao, A., &, Nolen-Hoeksema, S., (2012). The influence of context on the implementation of adaptive emotion regulation strategies. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 50, 493-501. doi: 10.1016/j.brat.2012.04.004
3. Allart-van Dam, E., Hosman, C. M. H., Hoogduin, C. A. L., &, Schaap, C. P. D. R., (2003). The Coping with Depression Course: Short-term outcomes and mediating effects of a randomized controlled trial in the treatment of subclinical depression. Behavior Therapy, 34, 381-396. doi: 10.1016/S0005-7894(03)80007-2
4. Alonso, J., Angermeyer, M. C., Bernert, S., Bruffaerts, R., Brugha, T. S., Bryson, H.,..., Vollebergh, W. A., (2004). Use of mental health services in Europe: Results from the European Study of the Epidemiology of Mental Disorders (ESEMeD) project. Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica, 109, 47-54. doi: 10.1111/j.1600-0047.2004.00329.x
5. Alsawy, S., Mansell, W., Carey, T. A., McEvoy, P., &, Tai, S. J., (2014). Science and practice of transdiagnostic CBT: A perceptual control theory (PCT) approach. International Journal of Cognitive Therapy, 7 (4), 334-359. doi: 10.1521/ijct.2014.7.4.33
6. Arroll, B., &, Kendrick, T., (2009). Anxiety. In, L. Gask, H. Lester, T. Kendrick, &, R. Peveler, (Eds.), Primary care mental health (pp. 147-149). Glasgow, UK: Bell and Bain.
7. Barkham, M., Connell, J., Stiles, W. B., Miles, J. N., Margison, F., Evans, C., &, Mellor-Clark, J., (2006). Dose-effect relations and responsive regulation of treatment duration: The good enough level. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 74 (1), 160-167. doi: 10.1037/0022-006X.74.1
8. Barkham, M., Stiles, W. B., Connell, J., &, Mellor-Clark, J., (2012). Psychological treatment outcomes in routine NHS services: What do we mean by treatment effectiveness? Psychology and Psychotherapy: Theory, Research and Practice, 85 (1), 1-16. doi: 10.1111/j.2044-8341.2011.02019.x
9. Barkham, M., Stiles, W. B., Connell, J., Twigg, E., Leach, C., Lucock, M.,..., Angus, L., (2008). Effects of psychological therapies in randomized trials and practice-based studies. British Journal of Clinical Psychology, 47, 397-415. doi: 10.1348/014466508X311713
10. Barrett, M. S., Chua, W.-J., Crits-Christoph, P., Gibbons, M. B., Casiano, D., &, Thompson, D., (2008). Early withdrawal from mental health treatment: Implications for psychotherapy practice. Psychotherapy, 45, 247-267. doi: 10.1037/0033-3204.45.2.247
11. Bower, P., &, Gilbody, S., (2005). Stepped care in psychological therapies: Access, effectiveness and efficiency Narrative literature review. The British Journal of Psychiatry, 186 (1), 11-17. doi: 10.1192/bjp.186.1.11
12. Brockmeyer, T., Grosse Holtforth, M., Krieger, T., Altenstein, D., Doerig, N., Friederich, H.-C., &, Bents, H., (2013). Ambivalence over emotional expression in major depression. Personality and Individual Differences, 54, 862-864. doi: 10.1016/j.paid.2012.12.002
13. Brown, R. A., &, Lewinsohn, P. M., (1984). A psychoeducational approach to the treatment of depression: Comparison of group, individual, and minimal contact procedures. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 52, 774-783. doi: 10.1037/0022-006X.52.5.774
14. Cameron, I. M., Crawford, J. R., Lawton, K., &, Reid, I. C., (2008). Psychometric comparison of PHQ-9 and HADS for measuring depression severity in primary care. The British Journal of General Practice, 58, 32-36. doi: 10.3399/bjgp08263794
15. Campbell, M., Fitzpatrick, R., Haines, A., Kinmonth, A. L., Sandercock, P., Spiegelhalter, D., &, Tyrer, P., (2000). Framework for design and evaluation of complex interventions to improve health. British Medical Journal, 321, 694-696. doi: 10.1136/bmj.321.7262.694
16. Carey, T. A., &, Pilgrim, D., (2010). Diagnosis and formulation: What should we tell the students? Clinical Psychology & Psychotherapy, 17, 447-454. doi: 10.1002/cpp.695
17. Carey, T. A., &, Spratt, M. B., (2009). When is enough enough? Structuring the organisation of treatment to maximise patient choice and control. The Cognitive Behaviour Therapist, 2, 211-226. doi: 10.1017/S1754470X09000208
18. Carey, T. A., Tai, S. J., &, Stiles, W. B., (2013). Effective and efficient: Using patient-led appointment scheduling in routine mental health practice in remote Australia. Professional Psychology: Research and Practice, 44, 405-414. doi: 10.1037/a0035038
19. Chakraborty, H., &, Gu, H., (2009). A mixed model approach for intent-to-treat analysis in longitudinal clinical trials with missing values. Research Triangle Park, NC: RTI International Press.
20. Chorpita, B. F., &, Barlow, D. H., (1998). The development of anxiety: The role of control in the early environment. Psychological Bulletin, 124 (1), 3-21. doi: 10.1037/0033-2909.124.1.3
21. Clark, D. M., (1986). A cognitive approach to panic. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 24, 461-470. doi: 10.1016/0005-7967(86)90011-2
22. Clement, P. W., (2008). Outcomes from 40 years of psychotherapy in a private practice. American Journal of Psychotherapy, 62 (3), 215-239.
23. Cramer, H., Salisbury, C., Conrad, J., Eldred, J., &, Araya, R., (2011). Group cognitive behavioural therapy for women with depression: Pilot and feasibility study for a randomised controlled trial using mixed methods. BMC Psychiatry, 11 (1), 82. doi: 10.1186/1471-244X-11-82
24. Cuijpers, P., Donker, T., van Straten, A., &, Andersson, G., (2010). Is guided self-help as effective as face-to-face psychotherapy for depression and anxiety disorders? A systematic review and meta-analysis of comparative outcome studies. Psychological Medicine, 40, 1943-1957. doi: 10.1017/S0033291710000772
25. Cuijpers, P., Muñoz, R. F., Clarke, G. N., &, Lewinsohn, P. M., (2009). Psychoeducational treatment and prevention of depression: The "Coping with Depression" course thirty years later. Clinical Psychology Review, 29, 449-458. doi: 10.1016/j.cpr.2009.04.005
26. Cuijpers, P., van Straten, A., van Schaik, A., &, Andersson, G., (2009). Psychological treatment of depression in primary care: A meta-analysis. British Journal of General Practice, 59 (559), 51-60. doi: 10.3399/bjgp09X395139
27. Dalgard, O. S., (2006). A randomized controlled trial of a psychoeducational group program for unipolar depression in adults in Norway (NCT00319540). Clinical Practice and Epidemiology in Mental Health, 2 (1), 15. doi: 10.1186/1745-0179-2-15
28. Department of Communities and Local Government (2011). The English indices of deprivation 2010. Retrieved from http://www.communities.gov.uk/publications/corporate/statistics/indices2010
29. Edwards, P., Roberts, I., Clarke, M., DiGuiseppi, C., Pratap, S., Wentz, R., &, Kwan, I., (2002). Increasing response rates to postal questionnaires: Systematic review. BMJ: British Medical Journal, 324, 1183. doi: 10.1136/bmj.324.7347.1183
30. Ejeby, K., Savitskij, R., Öst, L.-G., Ekbom, A., Brandt, L., Ramnerö, J.,..., Backlund, L. G., (2014). Randomized controlled trial of transdiagnostic group treatments for primary care patients with common mental disorders. Family Practice, 31 (3), 273-280. doi: 10.1093/fampra/cmu006
31. Emmons, R. A., &, King, L. A., (1988). Conflict among personal strivings: Immediate and long-term implications for psychological and physical well-being. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 54, 1040-1048. doi: 10.1037/0022-3514.54.6.1040
32. Fitzsimons, S., &, Fuller, R., (2002). Empowerment and its implications for clinical practice in mental health: A review. Journal of Mental Health, 11, 481-499. doi: 10.1080/09638230020023
33. Foa, E. B., Huppert, J. D., &, Cahill, S. P., (2006). Emotional processing theory: An update. In, B. O. Rothbaum, (Ed.), Pathological anxiety: Emotional processing in etiology and treatment (pp. 3-24). New York, NY: Guilford Press.
34. Gilbody, S., Richards, D., &, Barkham, M., (2007). Diagnosing depression in primary care using self-completed instruments: UK validation of PHQ-9 and CORE-OM. The British Journal of General Practice, 57, 650-652.
35. Glover, G., Webb, M., &, Evison, F., (2010). Improving access to psychological therapies: a review of the progress made by sites in the first roll-out year. North East Public Health Observatory. Retrieved from http://www.iapt.nhs.uk/silo/files/iapt-a-review-of-the-progress-made-by-sites-in-the-first-roll8208-out-year.pdf
36. Hales, R. E., Hilty, D. A., &, Wise, M. G., (1997). A treatment algorithm for the management of anxiety in primary care practice. Journal of Clinical Psychiatry, 59 (Suppl 3), 76-80.
37. Harrow, M., Hansford, B. G., &, Astrachan-Fletcher, E. B., (2009). Locus of control: Relation to schizophrenia, to recovery, and to depression and psychosis-A 15-year longitudinal study. Psychiatry Research, 168, 186-192. doi: 10.1016/j.psychres.2008.06.002
38. Harvey, A. G., Watkins, E., Mansell, W., &, Shafran, R., (2004). Cognitive behavioural processes across psychological disorders: A transdiagnostic approach to research and treatment. Oxford, UK: Oxford University Press.
39. Hayes, A. M., Laurenceau, J.-P., Feldman, G., Strauss, J. L., &, Cardaciotto, L., (2007). Change is not always linear: The study of nonlinear and discontinuous patterns of change in psychotherapy. Clinical Psychology Review, 27, 715-723. doi: 10.1016/j.cpr.2007.01.008
40. Higginson, S., Mansell, W., &, Wood, A. M., (2011). An integrative mechanistic account of psychological distress, therapeutic change and recovery: The Perceptual Control Theory approach. Clinical Psychology Review, 31, 249-259. doi: 10.1016/j.cpr.2010.01.005
41. Huntley, A. L., Araya, R., &, Salisbury, C., (2012). Group psychological therapies for depression in the community: Systematic review and meta-analysis. The British Journal of Psychiatry, 200, 184-190. doi: 10.1192/bjp.bp.111.092049
42. IBM Corp. (2011). IBM SPSS statistics for windows, version 20.0. Armonk, NY: Author.
43. Jenkins, R., Meltzer, H., Bebbington, P., Brugha, T., Farrell, M., McManus, S., &, Singleton, N., (2009). The British mental health survey programme: Achievements and latest findings. Social Psychiatry and Psychiatric Epidemiology, 44, 899-904. doi: 10.1007/s00127-009-0112-7
44. Kashdan, T. B., &, Rottenberg, J., (2010). Psychological flexibility as a fundamental aspect of health. Clinical Psychology Review, 30, 865-878. doi: 10.1016/j.cpr.2010.03.001
45. Kessler, R. C., Chiu, W. T., Demler, O., Merikangas, K. R., &, Walters, E. E., (2005). Prevalence, severity, and comorbidity of 12-month DSM-IV disorders in the National Comorbidity Survey Replication. Archives of General Psychiatry, 62, 617-627. doi: 10.1001/archpsyc.62.6.617
46. Krause, M. S., &, Howard, K. I., (2003). What random assignment does and does not do. Journal of Clinical Psychology, 59, 751-766. doi: 10.1002/jclp.10170
47. Kroenke, K., Spitzer, R. L., &, Williams, J. B., (2001). The PHQ-9: Validity of a brief depression severity measure. Journal of General Internal Medicine, 16, 606-613. doi: 10.1046/j.1525-1497.2001.016009606.x
48. Kroenke, K., Spitzer, R. L., Williams, J. B., &, Löwe, B., (2010). The patient health questionnaire somatic, anxiety, and depressive symptom scales: A systematic review. General Hospital Psychiatry, 32, 345-359. doi: 10.1016/j.genhosppsych.2010.03.006
49. Kroenke, K., Spitzer, R. L., Williams, J. B. W., Monahan, P. O., &, Löwe, B., (2007). Anxiety disorders in primary care: Prevalence, impairment, comorbidity, and detection. Annals of Internal Medicine, 146, 317-325. doi: 10.7326/0003-4819-146-5-200703060-00004
50. Layard, R., Clark, D., Knapp, M., &, Mayraz, G., (2007). Cost-benefit analysis of psychological therapy. National Institute Economic Review, 202 (1), 90-98. doi: 10.1177/0027950107086171
51. Mansell, W., (2012). Working with comorbidity in CBT. In, W. Dryden, &, R. Branch, (Eds.), The CBT handbook (pp. 141-161). Los Angeles, CA: Sage.
52. Mansell, W., &, Carey, T. A., (2009). A century of psychology and psychotherapy: Is an understanding of 'control' the missing link between theory, research, and practice? Psychology and Psychotherapy-Theory Research and Practice, 82, 337-353. doi: 10.1348/147608309x432526
53. Mansell, W., Harvey, A., Watkins, E. R., &, Shafran, R., (2008). Cognitive behavioral processes across psychological disorders: A review of the utility and validity of the transdiagnostic approach. International Journal of Cognitive Therapy, 1, 181-191. doi: 10.1521/ijct.2008.1.3.181
54. Mansell, W., Harvey, A., Watkins, E., &, Shafran, R., (2009). Conceptual foundations of the transdiagnostic approach to CBT. Journal of Cognitive Psychotherapy, 23 (1), 6-19. doi: 10.1891/0889-8391.23.1.6
55. Marken, R. S., &, Carey, T. A., (2015). Understanding the change process involved in solving psychological problems: A model-based approach to understanding how psychotherapy works. Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, 22, 580-590. doi: 10.1002/cpp.1919
56. Marken, R. S., &, Mansell, W., (2013). Perceptual control as a unifying concept in psychology. Review of General Psychology, 17 (2), 190-195. doi: 10.1037/a0032933
57. Mataix-Cols, D., Cowley, A. J., Hankins, M., Schneider, A., Bachofen, M., Kenwright, M.,..., Marks, I. M., (2005). Reliability and validity of the Work and Social Adjustment Scale in phobic disorders. Comprehensive Psychiatry, 46, 223-228. doi: 10.1016/j.comppsych.2004.08.007
58. McEvoy, P. M., Nathan, P., &, Norton, P. J., (2009). Efficacy of transdiagnostic treatments: A review of published outcome studies and future research directions. Journal of Cognitive Psychotherapy, 23 (1), 20-33. doi: 10.1891/0889-8391.23.1.20
59. McHugh, R. K., Murray, H. W., &, Barlow, D. H., (2009). Balancing fidelity and adaptation in the dissemination of empirically-supported treatments: The promise of transdiagnostic interventions. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 47, 946-953. doi: 10.1016/j.brat.2009.07.005
60. McManus, F., Shafran, R., &, Cooper, Z., (2010). What does a 'transdiagnostic' approach have to offer the treatment of anxiety disorders? British Journal of Clinical Psychology, 49, 491-505. doi: 10.1348/014466509x476567
61. Michalak, J., Heidenreich, T., &, Hoyer, J., (2004). Goal conflicts: Concepts, findings, and consequences for psychotherapy. In, W. M. Cox, &, E. Klinger, (Eds.), Handbook of motivational counseling (pp. 83-98). West Sussex, UK: John Wiley & Sons.
62. Mitchell, A. J., Vaze, A., &, Rao, S., (2009). Clinical diagnosis of depression in primary care: A meta-analysis. The Lancet, 374, 609-619. doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(09)60879-5
63. Morris, L., (2013). A pilot evaluation of a transdiagnostic group intervention for mental health problems in primary care (Unpublished doctoral dissertation). University of Manchester, Manchester, UK.
64. Morris, L., Mansell, W., &, McEvoy, P., (2016). The take control course: Conceptual rationale for the development of a transdiagnostic group for common mental health problems. Frontiers in Psychology, 7, 99. doi: 10.3389/fpsyg.2016.00099
65. Mundt, J. C., Marks, I. M., Shear, M. K., &, Greist, J. M., (2002). The Work and Social Adjustment Scale: A simple measure of impairment in functioning. The British Journal of Psychiatry, 180, 461-464. doi: 10.1192/bjp.180.5.461
66. National Institute for Health and Clinical Excellence (2011). Generalised anxiety disorder and panic disorder (with or without agoraphobia) in adults: management in primary, secondary and community care (Clinical guideline 113). Retrieved from http://guidance.nice.org.uk/CG113
67. Newman, M. G., Erickson, T., Przeworski, A., &, Dzus, E., (2003). Self help and minimal contact therapies for anxiety disorders: Is human contact necessary for therapeutic efficacy? Journal of Clinical Psychology, 59, 251-274. doi: 10.1002/jclp.10128
68. Newman, M. G., Szkodny, L. E., Llera, S. J., &, Przeworski, A., (2010). A review of technology-assisted self-help and minimal contact therapies for anxiety and depression: Is human contact necessary for therapeutic efficacy? Clinical Psychology Review, 31, 89-103. doi: 10.1016/j.cpr.2010.09.008
69. National Institute for Health and Clinical Excellence (2011). Generalised anxiety disorder and panic disorder (with or without agoraphobia) in adults: management in primary, secondary and community care (Clinical guideline 113). Retrieved from http://guidance.nice.org.uk/CG113
70. Norton, P. J., (2012). A randomized clinical trial of transdiagnostic cognitive-behavioral treatments for anxiety disorder by comparison to relaxation training. Behavior Therapy, 43, 506-517. doi: 10.1016/j.beth.2010.08.011
71. Norton, P. J., &, Barrera, T. L., (2012). Transdiagnostic verses diagnosis-specific CBT for anxiety disorders: A preliminary randomized controlled noninferiority trial. Depression and Anxiety, 29, 874-882. doi: 10.1002/da.21974
72. Norton, P. J., &, Philipp, L. M., (2008). Transdiagnostic approaches to the treatment of anxiety disorders: A quantitative review. Psychotherapy, 45, 214-226. doi: 10.1037/0033-3204.45.2.214
73. Norton, P. J., &, Price, E. C., (2007). A meta-analytic review of adult cognitive-behavioral treatment outcome across the anxiety disorders. The Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease, 195 (6), 521-531. doi: 10.1097/01.nmd.0000253843.70149.9a
74. O'Brien, A., Fahmy, R., &, Singh, S. P., (2009). Disengagement from mental health services. Social Psychiatry and Psychiatric Epidemiology, 44, 558-568. doi: 10.1007/s00127-008-0476-0
75. Office for National Statistics. (2011). Neighbourhood statistics: Resident population estimates by ethnic group (2009 estimates). Retrieved from www.neighbourhood.statistics.co.uk
76. Öst, L. G., Brandberg, M., &, Alm, T., (1997). One versus five sessions of exposure in the treatment of flying phobia. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 35, 987-996. doi: 10.1016/S0005-7967(97)00077-6
77. Piaggio, G., Elbourne, D. R., Altman, D. G., Pocock, S. J., &, Evans, S. J. W., (2006). Reporting of noninferiority and equivalence randomized trials. JAMA: The Journal of the American Medical Association, 295, 1152-1160. doi: 10.1001/jama.295.10.1152
78. Powers, W. T., (1973). Behavior: The control of perception. Chicago, IL: Aldine.
79. Richards, D. A., &, Borglin, G., (2011). Implementation of psychological therapies for anxiety and depression in routine practice: Two year prospective cohort study. Journal of Affective Disorders, 133 (1), 51-60. doi: 10.1016/j.jad.2011.03.024
80. Richards, D. A., Bower, P., Pagel, C., Weaver, A., Utley, M., Cape, J.,..., Vasilakis, C., (2012). Delivering stepped care: An analysis of implementation in routine practice. Implementation Science, 7 (3). doi: 10.1186/1748-5908-7-3
81. Richards, D. A., &, Suckling, R., (2009). Improving access to psychological therapies: Phase IV prospective cohort study. British Journal of Clinical Psychology, 48, 377-396. doi: 10.1348/014466509X405178
82. Schulz, K. F., &, Grimes, D. A., (2002). Sample size slippages in randomised trials: Exclusions and the lost and wayward. The Lancet, 359, 781-785. doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(02)07882-0
83. Spitzer, R. L., Kroenke, K., Williams, J. B. W., &, Lowe, B., (2006). A brief measure for assessing generalized anxiety disorder: The GAD-7. Archives of Internal Medicine, 166, 1092-1097. doi: 10.1001/archinte.166.10.1092
84. StataCorp. (2011). Stata statistical software: Release 12. College Station, TX: Author.
85. Stiles, W. B., Barkham, M., Connell, J., &, Mellor-Clark, J., (2008). Responsive regulation of treatment duration in routine practice in United Kingdom primary care settings: Replication in a larger sample. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 76, 298-305. doi: 10.1037/0022-006X.76.2.298
86. Sumathipala, A., Hewege, S., Hanwella, R., &, Mann, A., (2000). Randomized controlled trial of cognitive behaviour therapy for repeated consultations for medically unexplained complaints: A feasibility study in Sri Lanka. Psychological Medicine, 30, 747-757. doi: 10.1017/S0033291799002160
87. Tang, T. Z., &, DeRubeis, R. J., (1999). Sudden gains and critical sessions in cognitive-behavioral therapy for depression. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 67 (6), 894-904. doi: 10.1037/0022-006X.67.6.894
88. Tucker, M., &, Oei, T. P., (2007). Is group more cost effective than individual cognitive behaviour therapy? The evidence is not solid yet. Behavioural and Cognitive Psychotherapy, 35 (1), 77-91. doi: 10.1017/S1352465806003134
89. Vandelanotte, C., &, De Bourdeaudhuij, I., (2003). Acceptability and feasibility of a computer-tailored physical activity intervention using stages of change: Project FAITH. Health Education Research, 18, 304-317. doi: 10.1093/her/cyf027
90. van der Leeden, R., Meijer, E., &, Busing, F. M., (2008). Resampling multilevel models. In, J. Leeuw, &, E. Meijer, (Eds.), Handbook of multilevel analysis (pp. 401-433). New York, NY: Springer.
91. Wang, P. S., Aguilar-Gaxiola, S., Alonso, J., Angermeyer, M. C., Borges, G., Bromet, E. J.,..., Wells, J. E., (2007). Worldwide use of mental health services for anxiety, mood, and substance disorders: Results from 17 countries in the WHO World Mental Health (WMH) Surveys. Lancet, 370, 841-850. doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(07)61414-7
92. Wang, P. S., Lane, M., Olfson, M., Pincus, H. A., Wells, K. B., &, Kessler, R. C., (2005). Twelve-month use of mental health services in the United States: Results from the National Comorbidity Survey Replication. Archives of General Psychiatry, 62, 629-640. doi: 10.1001/archpsyc.62.6.629
93. Watkins, E., (2008). Constructive and unconstructive repetitive thought. Psychological Bulletin, 134, 163-206. doi: 10.1037/0033-2909.134.2.163
94. Whitfield, G., (2010). Group cognitive-behavioural therapy for anxiety and depression. Advances in Psychiatric Treatment, 16, 219-227. doi: 10.1192/apt.bp.108.005744
95. Wittchen, H.-U., Kessler, R. C., Beesdo, K., Krause, P., &, Hoyer, J. G., (2002). Generalized anxiety and depression in primary care: Prevalence, recognition, and management. Journal of Clinical Psychiatry, 63 (Suppl 8), 24-34.
96. Young, A. S., Klap, R., Sherbourne, C. D., &, Wells, K. B., (2001). The quality of care for depressive and anxiety disorders in the United States. Archives of General Psychiatry, 58 (1), 55-61. doi: 10.1001/archpsyc.58.1.55