Exploring trade-offs in the organization of scientific work: Collaboration and scientific reward

Management Science

Volumn 61, Issue 7, 2015, Pages 1473-1495

  Bikard, Michaël ^a   Murray, Fiona ^b,c   Gans, Joshua S ^c,d  

^a LONDON BUSINESS SCHOOL   (United Kingdom)

^b MASSACHUSETTS INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY   (United States)

^c NATIONAL BUREAU OF ECONOMIC RESEARCH   (United States)

^d UNIVERSITY OF TORONTO   (Canada)

Author keywords

Academic science; Collaboration; Productivity; Science; Scientific credit

Indexed keywords

MANAGEMENT; OPERATIONS RESEARCH; PRODUCTIVITY;

ACADEMIC SCIENCE; COLLABORATION; COLLABORATIVE ORGANIZATIONS; MASSACHUSETTS INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY; PRODUCTIVE EFFICIENCIES; SCIENCE; SCIENTIFIC CREDIT; SCIENTIFIC PROJECTS;

ECONOMIC AND SOCIAL EFFECTS;

EID: 84936966814     PISSN: 00251909     EISSN: 15265501     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1287/mnsc.2014.2052     Document Type: Conference Paper

References (89)

1. Aad G, Abat E, Abdallah J, Abdelalim AA, Abdesselam A, Abdinov O, Abi BA, et al. (2008) The ATLAS experiment at the CERN Large Hadron Collider. J. Instrumentation 3(8):1-407.
2. Adams JD, Black GC, Clemmons R, Stephan PE (2005) Scientific teams and institutional collaborations: Evidence from U.S. universities, 1981-1999. Res. Policy 34(3):259-285.
3. Allen TJ (1978) Managing the Flow of Technology (MIT Press, Cambridge, MA).
4. Amabile TM, Conti R, Coon H, Lazenby J, Herron M (1996) Assessing the work environment for creativity. Acad. Management J. 39(5):1154-1184.
5. Ancona DG, Caldwell DF (1992) Bridging the boundary: External activity and performance in organizational teams. Admin. Sci. Quart. 37(4):634-665.
6. Beaver DB (2001) Reflections on scientific collaboration (and its study): Past, present, and future. Scientometrics 52(3):365-377.
7. Beaver DB, Rosen R (1978) Studies in scientific collaboration. Scientometrics 1(1):65-84.
8. Becker GS, Murphy KM (1992) The division of labor, coordination costs, and knowledge. Quart. J. Econom. 107(4):1137-1160.
9. Biagioli M (2002) Rights or rewards? Biagioli M, Gallison P, eds. Scientific Authorship: Credit and Intellectual Property in Science: Credit and Intellectual Property in Science (Routledge, New York), 253-279.
10. Bordons M, Gomez I, Fernandez MT, Zulueta MA, Mendez A (1996) Local, domestic and international scientific collaboration in biomedical research. Scientometrics 37(2):279-295.
11. Bornmann L, Daniel H-D (2008) What do citation counts measure? A review of studies on citing behavior. J. Documentation 64(1):45-80.
12. Boudreau K, Brady T, Ganguli I, Gaule P, Guinan E, Hollenberg A, Lakhani K (2014) A field experiment on search costs and the formation of scientific collaborations. Working paper, London Business School, London.
13. Burt RS (2004) Structural holes and good ideas. Amer. J. Sociol. 110(2):349-399.
14. Cattani G, Ferriani S (2008) A core/periphery perspective on individual creative performance: Social networks and cinematic achievements in the Hollywood film industry. Organ. Sci. 19(6):824-844.
15. Cawkell AE (1976) Citations, obsolescence, enduring articles, and multiple authorships. J. Documentation 32(1):53-58.
16. Cronin B, Shaw D, La Barre K (2004) Visible, less visible, and invisible work: Patterns of collaboration in 20th century chemistry. J. Amer. Soc. Inform. Sci. Tech. 55(2):160-168.
17. Cummings JN (2004) Work groups, structural diversity, and knowledge sharing in a global organization. Management Sci. 50(3):352-364.
18. Cummings JN, Kiesler S (2007) Coordination costs and project outcomes in multi-university collaborations. Res. Policy 36(10): 1620-1634.
19. Dasgupta P, David PA (1994) Toward a new economics of science. Res. Policy 23(5):487-521.
20. Diehl M, Stroebe W (1987) Productivity loss in brainstorming groups: Toward the solution of a riddle. J. Personality Soc. Psych. 53(3):497-509.
21. Ding WW, Levin SG, Stephan PE, Winkler AE (2010) The impact of information technology on academic scientists' productivity and collaboration patterns. Management Sci. 56(9):1439-1461.
22. Dumaine B (1994) The trouble with teams. Fortune (September 5) 86-92.
23. Dumaine B, Gustke C (1990) Who needs a boss? Fortune (May 7) 52-60.
24. Edmondson A (1999) Psychological safety and learning behavior in work teams. Admin. Sci. Quart. 44(2):350-383.
25. Elsevier (2013) Ethics in research and publication: Authorship. Accessed February 27, 2013, http://www.elsevier.com/-data/assets/pdf-file/0003/183351/ETHICS-AUTH01a-updatedURL.pdf.
26. Engers M, Gans JS, Grant S, King SP (1999) First-author conditions. J. Political Econom. 107(4):859-883.
27. Fleming L (2007) Breakthroughs and the "long tail" of innovation. MIT Sloan Management Rev. 49(1):69-74.
28. Fleming L, Mingo S, Chen D (2007) Collaborative brokerage, generative creativity, and creative success. Admin. Sci. Quart. 52(3):443-475.
29. Furman J, Stern S (2011) Climbing atop the shoulders of giants: The impact of institutions on cumulative research. Amer. Econom. Rev. 101(5):1933-1963.
30. Gans JS, Murray F (2013a) Credit history: The changing nature of scientific credit. Jaffe A, Jones B, eds. The Changing Frontier: Rethinking Science and Innovation Policy (University of Chicago Press, Chicago).
31. Gans JS, Murray F (2013b) Markets for scientific attribution. Mimeo, University of Toronto, Toronto.
32. Gilfillan SC (1935) Inventing the Ship (Follett, Chicago).
33. Girotra K, Terwiesch C, Ulrich KT (2010) Idea generation and the quality of the best idea. Management Sci. 56(4):591-605.
34. Haeussler C, Sauermann H (2013) Credit where credit is due? The impact of project contributions and social factors on authorship and inventorship. Res. Policy 42(3):688-703.
35. Haeussler C, Jiang L, Thursby J, Thursby MC (2014) Specific and general information sharing among competing academic researchers. Res. Policy 43(3):465-475.
36. Hara N, Solomon P, Kim SL, Sonnenwald DH (2003) An emerging view of scientific collaboration: Scientists' perspectives on collaboration and factors that impact collaboration. J. Amer. Soc. Inform. Sci. Tech. 54(10):952-965.
37. Hargadon A (2003) How Breakthroughs Happen: The Surprising Truth About How Companies Innovate (Harvard Business School Press, Boston).
38. Hargadon A (2007) Creativity that works. Zhou J, Shalley CE, eds. Handbook of Organizational Creativity (Taylor & Francis, New York), 323-343.
39. Hargadon A, Bechky B (2006) When collections of creatives become creative collectives: A field study of problem solving at work. Organ. Sci. 17(4):484-500.
40. Hargadon A, Sutton R (1997) Technology brokering and innovation in a product development firm. Admin. Sci. Quart. 42(4): 716-749.
41. Hirsch JE (2005) An index to quantify an individual's scientific research output. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 102(46):16569- 16572.
42. Hoerr J (1989) The payoff from teamwork: The gains in quality are substantial-So why isn't it spreading faster? Business Week (July 10) 56-62.
43. Holmstrom B (1982) Moral hazard in teams. Bell J. Econom. 13(2):324-340.
44. Johansson F (2004) The Medici Effect: Breakthrough Insights at the Intersection of Ideas, Concepts, and Cultures (Harvard Business Press, Boston).
45. Jones B (2009) The burden of knowledge and the "death of the renaissance man": Is innovation getting harder? Rev. Econom. Stud. 76(1):283-317.
46. Jones B, Wuchty S, Uzzi B (2008) Multi-university research teams: Shifting impact, geography, and stratification in science. Science 322(5905):1259.
47. Katz JS, Martin BR (1997) What is research collaboration? Res. Policy 26(1):1-18.
48. Katzenbach JR, Smith DK, Bookspan M (1993) The Wisdom of Teams (Harvard Business School Press, Boston).
49. Knorr-Cetina K (1999) Epistemic Cultures: How the Sciences Make Knowledge (Harvard University Press, Cambridge, MA).
50. Koplowitz R, Schadler T, Brown M, Burnes S (2009) Benchmarking your collaboration strategy. Forrester Res. (November 24), https://www.forrester.com/BenchmarkingCYourCCollaborationCStrategy/fulltext/-/E-RES48336.
51. Landry R, Amara N (1998) The impact of transaction costs on the institutional structuration of collaborative academic research. Res. Policy 27(9):901-913.
52. Latour B, Woolgar S (1986) Laboratory Life: The Construction of Scientific Facts (Princeton University Press, Princeton, NJ).
53. Leahey E (2007) Not by productivity alone: How visibility and specialization contribute to academic earnings. Amer. Sociol. Rev. 72(4):533-561.
54. Lee S, Bozeman B (2005) The impact of research collaboration on scientific productivity. Soc. Stud. Sci. 35(5):673-702.
55. Lissoni F, Montobbio F, Zirulia L (2013) Inventorship and authorship as attribution rights: An enquiry into the economics of scientific credit. J. Econom. Behav. Organ. 95:49-69.
56. Maciejovsky B, Budescu DV, Ariely D (2009) Research note-the researcher as a consumer of scientific publications: How do name-ordering conventions affect inferences about contribution credits? Marketing Sci. 28(3):589-598.
57. McAfee RP, McMillan J (1991) Optimal contracts for teams. Internat. Econom. Rev. 32(3):561-577.
58. Melin G (2000) Pragmatism and self-organization: Research collaboration on the individual level. Res. Policy 29(1):31-40.
59. Merton RK (1968) The Matthew effect in science the reward and communication systems of science are considered. Science 159(3810):56-63.
60. Merton RK (1988) The Matthew effect in science, II: Cumulative advantage and the symbolism of intellectual property. ISIS 79(4):606-623.
61. Newman MEJ (2001) The structure of scientific collaboration networks. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 98(2):404-409.
62. Obstfeld D (2005) Social networks, the tertius iungens orientation, and involvement in innovation. Admin. Sci. Quart. 50(1): 100-130.
63. Orsburn JD, Moran L (2000) The New Self-Directed Work Teams: Mastering the Challenge (McGraw-Hill, New York).
64. Paulus PB (2007) Fostering creativity in groups and teams. Zhou J, Shalley CE, eds. Handbook of Organizational Creativity (Taylor & Francis, New York), 165-188.
65. Paulus PB, Nijstad BA (2003) Group Creativity: Innovation Through Collaboration (Oxford University Press, New York).
66. Perlow LA (1999) The time famine: Toward a sociology of work time. Admin. Sci. Quart. 44(1):57-81.
67. Porac JF, Wade JB, Fischer HM, Brown J, Kanfer A, Bowker G (2004) Human capital heterogeneity, collaborative relationships, and publication patterns in a multidisciplinary scientific alliance: A comparative case study of two scientific teams. Res. Policy 33(4):661-678.
68. Price DJ, Beaver DB (1966) Collaboration in an invisible college. Amer. Psych. 21(11):1011-1018.
69. Reagans R, Argote L, Brooks D (2005) Individual experience and experience working together: Predicting learning rates from knowing who knows what and knowing how to work together. Management Sci. 51(6):869-881.
70. Reagans R, Zuckerman EW (2001) Networks, diversity, and productivity: The social capital of corporate R&D teams. Organ. Sci. 12(4):502-517.
71. Salganik MJ, Dodds PS, Watts DJ (2006) Experimental study of inequality and unpredictability in an artificial cultural market. Science 311(5762):854-856.
72. Sauermann H, Franzoni C (2015) Crowd science user contribution patterns and their implications. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 112(3):679-684.
73. Simcoe TS, Waguespack DM (2011) Status, quality, and attention: What's in a (missing) name? Management Sci. 57(2):274-290.
74. Singh J, Fleming L (2010) Lone inventors as sources of breakthroughs: Myth or reality? Management Sci. 56(1):41-56.
75. Stein MI (1953) Creativity and culture. J. Psych. 36(2):311-22.
76. Stokols D, Harvey R, Gress J, Fuqua J, Phillips K (2005) In vivo studies of transdisciplinary scientific collaboration lessons learned and implications for active living research. Amer. J. Preventive Medicine 28(2S2):202-213.
77. Taylor A, Greve HR (2006) Superman or the fantastic four? Knowledge combination and experience in innovative teams. Acad. Management J. 49(4):723-740.
78. Teodoridis F (2014) Generalists, specialists, and the direction of inventive activity. Working paper, University of Southern California, Los Angeles.
79. Tushman ML, Katz R (1980) External communication and project performance: An investigation into the role of gatekeepers. Management Sci. 26(11):1071-1085.
80. Uzzi B, Spiro J (2005) Collaboration and creativity: The small world problem. Amer. J. Sociol. 111(2):447-504.
81. Valderas JM (2007) Why do team-authored papers get cited more? Science 317(5844):1496-1498.
82. von Hippel EA (2005) Democratizing Innovation (MIT Press, Cambridge, MA).
83. Woodman RW, Sawyer JE, Griffin RW (1993) Toward a theory of organizational creativity. Acad. Management Rev. 18(2):293-321.
84. Wray BK (2002) The epistemic significance of collaborative research. Philosophy Sci. 69(1):150-168.
85. Wuchty S, Jones B, Uzzi B (2007) The increasing dominance of teams in production of knowledge. Science 316(5827): 1036-1039.
86. Zare RN (1997) Editorial: Knowledge and distributed intelligence. Science 275(5303):1047.
87. Zerhouni E (2003) The NIH Roadmap. Science 302(5642):63-72.
88. Zuckerman B, Srivastava CV (2010) Process evaluation of the largescale collaborative project awards (Glue Grants) of the National Institute of General Medical Sciences (NIGMS). IDA Document NS D-4051, IDA Science and Technology Policy Institute, Washington, DC.
89. Zuckerman H, Merton RK (1972) Age, aging, and age structure in science. Riley MW, Johnson M, Foner A, eds. Aging and Society, Vol. III (Russell Sage Foundation, New York), 292-356.