메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 70, Issue 7, 2015, Pages 1928-1941

Is infant exposure to antiretroviral drugs during breastfeeding quantitatively important? A systematic review and meta-analysis of pharmacokinetic studies

Author keywords

ARV; Mother to child transmission; PK

Indexed keywords

ABACAVIR; ANTI HUMAN IMMUNODEFICIENCY VIRUS AGENT; ATAZANAVIR; EFAVIRENZ; ETRAVIRINE; INDINAVIR; LAMIVUDINE; LOPINAVIR; NELFINAVIR; NEVIRAPINE; RITONAVIR; STAVUDINE; TENOFOVIR; ZIDOVUDINE;

EID: 84936948308     PISSN: 03057453     EISSN: 14602091     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1093/jac/dkv080     Document Type: Review
Times cited : (50)

References (51)
  • 3
    • 84880511022 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Reduction in perinatal transmission of HIV infection-United States, 1985-2005
    • Achievements in public health. Reduction in perinatal transmission of HIV infection-United States, 1985-2005. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep 2006; 55: 592-7.
    • (2006) MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep , vol.55 , pp. 592-597
  • 4
    • 77953727886 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Protecting the next generation: eliminating perinatal HIV-1 infection
    • Mofenson LM. Protecting the next generation: eliminating perinatal HIV-1 infection. N Engl J Med 2010; 362: 2316-8.
    • (2010) N Engl J Med , vol.362 , pp. 2316-2318
    • Mofenson, L.M.1
  • 5
    • 79251633755 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Geneva: UNAIDS
    • UNAIDS. Report on the Global HIV/AIDS Epidemic. Geneva: UNAIDS, 2010. http://www.unaids.org/globalreport/Global_report.htm.
    • (2010) Report on the Global HIV/AIDS Epidemic
  • 7
    • 79953690521 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • HIV-1 drug resistance emergence among breastfeeding infants born to HIV-infected mothers during a single-arm trial of triple-antiretroviral prophylaxis for prevention of mother-to-child transmission: a secondary analysis
    • Zeh C, Weidle PJ, Nafisa L et al. HIV-1 drug resistance emergence among breastfeeding infants born to HIV-infected mothers during a single-arm trial of triple-antiretroviral prophylaxis for prevention of mother-to-child transmission: a secondary analysis. PLoS Med 2011; 8: e1000430.
    • (2011) PLoS Med , vol.8
    • Zeh, C.1    Weidle, P.J.2    Nafisa, L.3
  • 8
    • 79953898239 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Initiation of antiretroviral treatment in women after delivery can induce multiclass drug resistance in breastfeeding HIV-infected infants
    • Fogel J, Li Q, Taha TE et al. Initiation of antiretroviral treatment in women after delivery can induce multiclass drug resistance in breastfeeding HIV-infected infants. Clin Infect Dis 2011; 52: 1069-76.
    • (2011) Clin Infect Dis , vol.52 , pp. 1069-1076
    • Fogel, J.1    Li, Q.2    Taha, T.E.3
  • 9
    • 69449100622 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analyses: the PRISMA statement
    • Moher D, Liberati A, Tetzlaff J et al. Preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analyses: the PRISMA statement. BMJ 2009; 339: b2535.
    • (2009) BMJ , vol.339 , pp. b2535
    • Moher, D.1    Liberati, A.2    Tetzlaff, J.3
  • 10
    • 33845499307 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Using pharmacokinetics to predict the effects of pregnancy and maternal-infant transfer of drugs during lactation
    • Anderson GD. Using pharmacokinetics to predict the effects of pregnancy and maternal-infant transfer of drugs during lactation. Expert Opin Drug Metab Toxicol 2006; 2: 947-60.
    • (2006) Expert Opin Drug Metab Toxicol , vol.2 , pp. 947-960
    • Anderson, G.D.1
  • 11
    • 85100415918 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cochrane Handbook for Systematic Reviews of Interventions Version 5.1.0
    • Higgins JPT, Green S. Cochrane Handbook for Systematic Reviews of Interventions Version 5.1.0. http://handbook.cochrane.org/.
    • Higgins, J.P.T.1    Green, S.2
  • 12
    • 34447299614 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Antiretroviral Therapy for HIV Infection in Infants and Children: Towards Universal Access
    • Annexe E. Geneva: WHO
    • WHO. Antiretroviral Therapy for HIV Infection in Infants and Children: Towards Universal Access. Recommendations for a Public Health Approach. Annexe E. Geneva: WHO, 2010.
    • (2010) Recommendations for a Public Health Approach
  • 14
    • 84936960135 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Intensive etravirine PK and HIV-1 viral load in breast milk and plasma in HIV+ women
    • Boston, MA. Abstract 891. Foundation for Retrovirology and Human Health, Alexandria, VA, USA
    • Spencer L, Liu S, Wang C et al. Intensive etravirine PK and HIV-1 viral load in breast milk and plasma in HIV+ women. In: Abstracts of the Twenty-first Conference on Retroviruses and Opportunistic Infections, Boston, MA, 2014. Abstract 891. Foundation for Retrovirology and Human Health, Alexandria, VA, USA.
    • (2014) Abstracts of the Twenty-first Conference on Retroviruses and Opportunistic Infections
    • Spencer, L.1    Liu, S.2    Wang, C.3
  • 15
    • 85019824131 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Intensive PK of zidovudine, lamivudine and atazanavir and HIV-1 viral load in breast milk and plasma in HIV+ women receiving HAART therapy
    • Abstract 942. Foundation for Retrovirology and Human Health, Alexandria, VA, USA
    • Spencer L, Neely M, Mordwinkin N et al. Intensive PK of zidovudine, lamivudine and atazanavir and HIV-1 viral load in breast milk and plasma in HIV+ women receiving HAART therapy. In: Abstracts of the Sixteenth Conference on Retroviruses and Opportunistic Infections, Montreal, 2009. Abstract 942. Foundation for Retrovirology and Human Health, Alexandria, VA, USA.
    • (2009) Abstracts of the Sixteenth Conference on Retroviruses and Opportunistic Infections, Montreal
    • Spencer, L.1    Neely, M.2    Mordwinkin, N.3
  • 16
    • 84904608995 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Antiretroviral pharmacokinetics in mothers and breastfeeding infants from 6 to 24 weeks post partum: results of the BAN Study
    • Corbett AH, Kayira D, White NR et al. Antiretroviral pharmacokinetics in mothers and breastfeeding infants from 6 to 24 weeks post partum: results of the BAN Study. Antivir Ther 2014; 19: 587-95.
    • (2014) Antivir Ther , vol.19 , pp. 587-595
    • Corbett, A.H.1    Kayira, D.2    White, N.R.3
  • 18
    • 27544486218 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The effect of highly active antiretroviral treatment on viral load and antiretroviral drug levels in breast milk
    • Colebunders R, Hodossy B, Burger D et al. The effect of highly active antiretroviral treatment on viral load and antiretroviral drug levels in breast milk. AIDS 2005; 19: 1912-5.
    • (2005) AIDS , vol.19 , pp. 1912-1915
    • Colebunders, R.1    Hodossy, B.2    Burger, D.3
  • 20
    • 57649187981 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Persistence of nevirapine in breast milk and plasma of mothers and their children after single-dose administration
    • Kunz A, Frank M, Mugenyi K et al. Persistence of nevirapine in breast milk and plasma of mothers and their children after single-dose administration. J Antimicrob Chemother 2009; 63: 170-7.
    • (2009) J Antimicrob Chemother , vol.63 , pp. 170-177
    • Kunz, A.1    Frank, M.2    Mugenyi, K.3
  • 21
    • 53149116234 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • An accurate and precise highperformance liquid chromatography method for the rapid quantification of the novel HIV integrase inhibitor raltegravir in human blood plasma after solid phase extraction
    • Rezk NL, White N, Kashuba AD. An accurate and precise highperformance liquid chromatography method for the rapid quantification of the novel HIV integrase inhibitor raltegravir in human blood plasma after solid phase extraction. Anal Chim Acta 2008; 628: 204-13.
    • (2008) Anal Chim Acta , vol.628 , pp. 204-213
    • Rezk, N.L.1    White, N.2    Kashuba, A.D.3
  • 22
    • 84936960138 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Antiretroviral drug concentrations in breast milk and breastfeeding infants
    • Boston, MA, 2008. Abstract 648. Foundation for Retrovirology and Human Health, Alexandria, VA, USA
    • Corbett A, Martinson F, Rezk N et al. Antiretroviral drug concentrations in breast milk and breastfeeding infants. In: Abstracts of the Fifteenth Conference on Retroviruses and Opportunistic Infections, Boston, MA, 2008. Abstract 648. Foundation for Retrovirology and Human Health, Alexandria, VA, USA.
    • Abstracts of the Fifteenth Conference on Retroviruses and Opportunistic Infections
    • Corbett, A.1    Martinson, F.2    Rezk, N.3
  • 23
    • 84871914614 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Antiretroviral prophylaxis for breastfeeding transmission in Malawi: drug concentrations, virological efficacy and safety
    • Palombi L, Pirillo MF, Andreotti M et al. Antiretroviral prophylaxis for breastfeeding transmission in Malawi: drug concentrations, virological efficacy and safety. Antivir Ther 2012; 17: 1511-9.
    • (2012) Antivir Ther , vol.17 , pp. 1511-1519
    • Palombi, L.1    Pirillo, M.F.2    Andreotti, M.3
  • 24
    • 33847311714 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Triple antiretroviral prophylaxis administered during pregnancy and after delivery significantly reduces breast milk viral load: a study within the Drug Resource Enhancement Against AIDS and Malnutrition Program
    • Giuliano M, Guidotti G, AndreottiM et al. Triple antiretroviral prophylaxis administered during pregnancy and after delivery significantly reduces breast milk viral load: a study within the Drug Resource Enhancement Against AIDS and Malnutrition Program. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr 2007; 44: 286-91.
    • (2007) J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr , vol.44 , pp. 286-291
    • Giuliano, M.1    Guidotti, G.2    Andreotti, M.3
  • 25
    • 62949168283 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Antiretroviral concentrations in breast-feeding infants of mothers receiving highly active antiretroviral therapy
    • Mirochnick M, Thomas T, Capparelli E et al. Antiretroviral concentrations in breast-feeding infants of mothers receiving highly active antiretroviral therapy. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2009; 53: 1170-6.
    • (2009) Antimicrob Agents Chemother , vol.53 , pp. 1170-1176
    • Mirochnick, M.1    Thomas, T.2    Capparelli, E.3
  • 26
    • 42449090754 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Nevirapine concentrations in newborns receiving an extended prophylactic regimen
    • Mirochnick M, Nielsen-Saines K, Pilotto JH et al. Nevirapine concentrations in newborns receiving an extended prophylactic regimen. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr 2008; 47: 334-7.
    • (2008) J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr , vol.47 , pp. 334-337
    • Mirochnick, M.1    Nielsen-Saines, K.2    Pilotto, J.H.3
  • 27
    • 50649088977 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Efavirenz in human breast milk, mothers', and newborns' plasma
    • Schneider S, Peltier A, Gras A et al. Efavirenz in human breast milk, mothers', and newborns' plasma. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr 2008; 48: 450-4.
    • (2008) J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr , vol.48 , pp. 450-454
    • Schneider, S.1    Peltier, A.2    Gras, A.3
  • 28
    • 84936960139 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Pharmacogenetics of efavirenz excretion into human breast milk and transfer to breastfed infants
    • Boston, MA, 2014. Abstract 888. Foundation for Retrovirology and Human Health, Alexandria, VA, USA
    • Olagunju A, Siccardi M, Okafor O et al. Pharmacogenetics of efavirenz excretion into human breast milk and transfer to breastfed infants. In: Abstracts of the Twenty-first Conference on Retroviruses and Opportunistic Infections, Boston, MA, 2014. Abstract 888. Foundation for Retrovirology and Human Health, Alexandria, VA, USA.
    • Abstracts of the Twenty-first Conference on Retroviruses and Opportunistic Infections
    • Olagunju, A.1    Siccardi, M.2    Okafor, O.3
  • 29
    • 0031723646 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Pharmacokinetics and antiretroviral activity of lamivudine alone or when coadministered with zidovudine in human immunodeficiency virus type 1-infected pregnant women and their offspring
    • Moodley J, Moodley D, Pillay K et al. Pharmacokinetics and antiretroviral activity of lamivudine alone or when coadministered with zidovudine in human immunodeficiency virus type 1-infected pregnant women and their offspring. J Infect Dis 1998; 178: 1327-33.
    • (1998) J Infect Dis , vol.178 , pp. 1327-1333
    • Moodley, J.1    Moodley, D.2    Pillay, K.3
  • 30
    • 23944505278 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Antiretroviral concentrations in breast-feeding infants of women in Botswana receiving antiretroviral treatment
    • Shapiro RL, Holland DT, Capparelli E et al. Antiretroviral concentrations in breast-feeding infants of women in Botswana receiving antiretroviral treatment. J Infect Dis 2005; 192: 720-7.
    • (2005) J Infect Dis , vol.192 , pp. 720-727
    • Shapiro, R.L.1    Holland, D.T.2    Capparelli, E.3
  • 31
    • 55349133078 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Studies on antiretroviral drug concentrations in breast milk: validation of a liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometric method for the determination of 7 anti-human immunodeficiency virus medications
    • Rezk NL, White N, Bridges AS et al. Studies on antiretroviral drug concentrations in breast milk: validation of a liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometric method for the determination of 7 anti-human immunodeficiency virus medications. Ther Drug Monit 2008; 30: 611-9.
    • (2008) Ther Drug Monit , vol.30 , pp. 611-619
    • Rezk, N.L.1    White, N.2    Bridges, A.S.3
  • 32
    • 84864281569 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Stavudine concentrations in women receiving postpartum antiretroviral treatment and their breastfeeding infants
    • Fogel JM, Taha TE, Sun J et al. Stavudine concentrations in women receiving postpartum antiretroviral treatment and their breastfeeding infants. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr 2012; 60: 462-5.
    • (2012) J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr , vol.60 , pp. 462-465
    • Fogel, J.M.1    Taha, T.E.2    Sun, J.3
  • 33
    • 70449461565 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Pharmacokinetics (PK) of tenofovir disoproxil fumarate (TDF) after administration to HIV-1 infected pregnant women and their newborns
    • Montreal. Abstract T-137. Foundation for Retrovirology and Human Health, Alexandria, VA, USA
    • Mirochnick M, Kafulafula G, Kreitchmann R et al. Pharmacokinetics (PK) of tenofovir disoproxil fumarate (TDF) after administration to HIV-1 infected pregnant women and their newborns. In: Abstracts of the Sixteenth Conference on Retroviruses and Opportunistic Infections, Montreal, 2009. Abstract T-137. Foundation for Retrovirology and Human Health, Alexandria, VA, USA.
    • (2009) Abstracts of the Sixteenth Conference on Retroviruses and Opportunistic Infections
    • Mirochnick, M.1    Kafulafula, G.2    Kreitchmann, R.3
  • 34
    • 79952349183 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Concentrations of tenofovir and emtricitabine in breast milk of HIV-1-infected women in Abidjan, Cote d'Ivoire, in the ANRS 12109 TEmAA Study, Step 2
    • Benaboud S, Pruvost A, Coffie PA et al. Concentrations of tenofovir and emtricitabine in breast milk of HIV-1-infected women in Abidjan, Cote d'Ivoire, in the ANRS 12109 TEmAA Study, Step 2. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2011; 55: 1315-7.
    • (2011) Antimicrob Agents Chemother , vol.55 , pp. 1315-1317
    • Benaboud, S.1    Pruvost, A.2    Coffie, P.A.3
  • 35
    • 0242333229 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Antiviral dynamics and sex differences of zidovudine and lamivudine triphosphate concentrations in HIV-infected individuals
    • Anderson PL, Kakuda TN, Kawle S et al. Antiviral dynamics and sex differences of zidovudine and lamivudine triphosphate concentrations in HIV-infected individuals. AIDS 2003; 17: 2159-68.
    • (2003) AIDS , vol.17 , pp. 2159-2168
    • Anderson, P.L.1    Kakuda, T.N.2    Kawle, S.3
  • 36
    • 0033790624 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Zidovudine triphosphate and lamivudine triphosphate concentration-response relationships in HIV-infected persons
    • Fletcher CV, Kawle SP, Kakuda TN et al. Zidovudine triphosphate and lamivudine triphosphate concentration-response relationships in HIV-infected persons. AIDS 2000; 14: 2137-44.
    • (2000) AIDS , vol.14 , pp. 2137-2144
    • Fletcher, C.V.1    Kawle, S.P.2    Kakuda, T.N.3
  • 37
    • 0026507919 scopus 로고
    • (2)-2'-Deoxy-3'-thiacytidine is a potent, highly selective inhibitor of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 and type 2 replication in vitro
    • Coates JA, Cammack N, Jenkinson HJ et al. (2)-2'-Deoxy-3'-thiacytidine is a potent, highly selective inhibitor of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 and type 2 replication in vitro. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 1992; 36: 733-9.
    • (1992) Antimicrob Agents Chemother , vol.36 , pp. 733-739
    • Coates, J.A.1    Cammack, N.2    Jenkinson, H.J.3
  • 39
    • 84868007869 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Novel method to assess antiretroviral target trough concentrations using in vitro susceptibility data
    • Acosta EP, Limoli KL, Trinh L et al. Novel method to assess antiretroviral target trough concentrations using in vitro susceptibility data. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2012; 56: 5938-45.
    • (2012) Antimicrob Agents Chemother , vol.56 , pp. 5938-5945
    • Acosta, E.P.1    Limoli, K.L.2    Trinh, L.3
  • 40
    • 77953914155 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Safety of efavirenz in first-trimester of pregnancy: a systematic review and meta-analysis of outcomes from observational cohorts
    • Ford N, Mofenson L, Kranzer K et al. Safety of efavirenz in first-trimester of pregnancy: a systematic review and meta-analysis of outcomes from observational cohorts. AIDS 2010; 24: 1461-70.
    • (2010) AIDS , vol.24 , pp. 1461-1470
    • Ford, N.1    Mofenson, L.2    Kranzer, K.3
  • 41
    • 64249110582 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Prediction of milk/plasma concentration ratios of drugs and environmental pollutants
    • Abraham MH, Gil-Lostes J, Fatemi M. Prediction of milk/plasma concentration ratios of drugs and environmental pollutants. Eur J Med Chem 2009; 44: 2452-8.
    • (2009) Eur J Med Chem , vol.44 , pp. 2452-2458
    • Abraham, M.H.1    Gil-Lostes, J.2    Fatemi, M.3
  • 43
    • 33845571913 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Random-effects model for meta-analysis of clinical trials: an update
    • DerSimonian R, Kacker R. Random-effects model for meta-analysis of clinical trials: an update. Contemp Clin Trials 2007; 28: 105-14.
    • (2007) Contemp Clin Trials , vol.28 , pp. 105-114
    • DerSimonian, R.1    Kacker, R.2
  • 44
    • 0036833570 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Studying drugs in human milk: time to unify the approach
    • Begg EJ, Duffull SB, Hackett LP et al. Studying drugs in human milk: time to unify the approach. J Hum Lact 2002; 18: 323-32.
    • (2002) J Hum Lact , vol.18 , pp. 323-332
    • Begg, E.J.1    Duffull, S.B.2    Hackett, L.P.3
  • 45
    • 82455164036 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Extended antenatal use of triple antiretroviral therapy for prevention of mother-to-child transmission of HIV-1 correlates with favorable pregnancy outcomes
    • Shapiro RL, Ribaudo H, Powis K et al. Extended antenatal use of triple antiretroviral therapy for prevention of mother-to-child transmission of HIV-1 correlates with favorable pregnancy outcomes. AIDS 2012; 26: 120-1.
    • (2012) AIDS , vol.26 , pp. 120-121
    • Shapiro, R.L.1    Ribaudo, H.2    Powis, K.3
  • 46
    • 84864273609 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Kinetics of nevirapine and its impact on HIV-1 RNA levels in maternal plasma and breast milk over time after perinatal single-dose nevirapine
    • Aizire J, McConnell MS, Mudiope P et al. Kinetics of nevirapine and its impact on HIV-1 RNA levels in maternal plasma and breast milk over time after perinatal single-dose nevirapine. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr 2012; 60: 483-8.
    • (2012) J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr , vol.60 , pp. 483-488
    • Aizire, J.1    McConnell, M.S.2    Mudiope, P.3
  • 47
    • 84877872945 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Population pharmacokinetic analysis of a nevirapine-based HIV-1 prevention of mother-to-child transmission programin Uganda to assess the impact of different dosing regimens for newborns
    • Frank M, Harms G, Kunz A et al. Population pharmacokinetic analysis of a nevirapine-based HIV-1 prevention of mother-to-child transmission programin Uganda to assess the impact of different dosing regimens for newborns. J Clin Pharmacol 2013; 53: 294-304.
    • (2013) J Clin Pharmacol , vol.53 , pp. 294-304
    • Frank, M.1    Harms, G.2    Kunz, A.3
  • 48
    • 17344368990 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Pharmacokinetics of nevirapine in human immunodeficiency virus type 1-infected pregnant women and their neonates. Pediatric AIDS Clinical Trials Group Protocol 250 Team
    • Mirochnick M, Fenton T, Gagnier P et al. Pharmacokinetics of nevirapine in human immunodeficiency virus type 1-infected pregnant women and their neonates. Pediatric AIDS Clinical Trials Group Protocol 250 Team. J Infect Dis 1998; 178: 368-74.
    • (1998) J Infect Dis , vol.178 , pp. 368-374
    • Mirochnick, M.1    Fenton, T.2    Gagnier, P.3
  • 49
    • 84893795240 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Pharmacokinetics and safety of tenofovir in HIV-infected women during labor and their infants during the first week of life
    • Mirochnick M, Taha T, Kreitchmann R et al. Pharmacokinetics and safety of tenofovir in HIV-infected women during labor and their infants during the first week of life. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr 2014; 65: 33-41.
    • (2014) J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr , vol.65 , pp. 33-41
    • Mirochnick, M.1    Taha, T.2    Kreitchmann, R.3
  • 50
    • 0033545463 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A phase I/II study of the safety and pharmacokinetics of nevirapine in HIV-1-infected pregnant Ugandan women and their neonates (HIVNET 006)
    • Musoke P, Guay LA, Bagenda D et al. A phase I/II study of the safety and pharmacokinetics of nevirapine in HIV-1-infected pregnant Ugandan women and their neonates (HIVNET 006). AIDS 1999; 13: 479-86.
    • (1999) AIDS , vol.13 , pp. 479-486
    • Musoke, P.1    Guay, L.A.2    Bagenda, D.3
  • 51
    • 80054703113 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Nelfinavir and its active metabolite, hydroxy-t-butylamidenelfinavir (M8), are transferred in small quantities to breast milk and do not reach biologically significant concentrations in breast-feeding infants whose mothers are taking nelfinavir
    • Weidle PJ, Zeh C, Martin A et al. Nelfinavir and its active metabolite, hydroxy-t-butylamidenelfinavir (M8), are transferred in small quantities to breast milk and do not reach biologically significant concentrations in breast-feeding infants whose mothers are taking nelfinavir. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2011; 55: 5168-71.
    • (2011) Antimicrob Agents Chemother , vol.55 , pp. 5168-5171
    • Weidle, P.J.1    Zeh, C.2    Martin, A.3


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.